Indoor Environments最新文献

{"title":"Improving hospitality venue ventilation via behavioural change as a response to the COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"Simon De-Ville ,&nbsp;Sophie Pott ,&nbsp;Chantelle Wood ,&nbsp;Zhangjie Peng ,&nbsp;M. Zaeem Farooq ,&nbsp;Giota Blouchou ,&nbsp;Alisha Suhag ,&nbsp;Edward Murphy ,&nbsp;E. Abigail Hathway","doi":"10.1016/j.indenv.2025.100097","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indenv.2025.100097","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the importance of good ventilation in hospitality venues, given its role in reducing virus transmission. Small-scale hospitality venues (&lt;50 employees) employ 98 % of staff in the UK hospitality sector. However, little is known about the current state of ventilation in these venues, the barriers to more effective ventilation, and whether behaviour change strategies can improve ventilation performance. This formed the aims of the current research. This work was divided into three phases: Phase 1 explored the current performance of ventilation in hospitality venues and the barriers to more effective ventilation; Phase 2 led to the co-creation of a behaviour change intervention consisting of guidance material and provision of a CO₂ monitor; and Phase 3 piloted the intervention, evaluating changes in behaviour and ventilation performance, in addition to assessing user acceptability of the intervention. Ventilation performance was identified to be below recommended standards in most participating venues. Business owners stated they were not able to improve ventilation due to a lack of clear guidance, lack of funds to upgrade systems, limited authority over building infrastructure, and competing priorities. In these businesses, customer comfort, atmosphere, noise control, and security were given greater importance than improving ventilation. The introduction of a guidance document and CO₂ sensors to monitor ventilation performance saw 3 of 6 venues increase ventilation actions such as window/door opening and/or the switching on of wall mounted fans. Following the intervention, business owners expressed an increased likelihood of purchasing air cleaners, or mechanical ventilation systems. However, their likelihood of purchasing CO₂ monitors decreased. The guidance is advised to be used alongside spot check CO₂ monitoring during periods of high occupancy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100665,"journal":{"name":"Indoor Environments","volume":"2 2","pages":"Article 100097"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143928556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Remediating moisture- and mould-damaged residential buildings in Finland – Costs and benefits for health and climate","authors":"Iiris Hörhammer ,&nbsp;Jukka Pappinen ,&nbsp;Olli Halminen ,&nbsp;Ulla Haverinen-Shaughnessy ,&nbsp;Anne M. Karvonen ,&nbsp;Jukka Lahdensivu ,&nbsp;Virpi Leivo ,&nbsp;Paulus Torkki ,&nbsp;Martin Täubel ,&nbsp;Juha Pekkanen","doi":"10.1016/j.indenv.2025.100094","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indenv.2025.100094","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mould and moisture damage in residential buildings increase the risk of new-onset asthma and of respiratory symptoms. Alternatives for remediating the damage in external wall structures vary in co-benefits for climate and economy. Integrated assessment of the costs, and health and environmental benefits, of different remediation alternatives is needed for sustainable decisions. We compared two commonly used remediation alternatives of damage in external wall structures in the whole Finnish residential building stock: an immediate replacement of the damaged materials (material replacement, MR) with up-to-date energy-efficient materials and a delayed MR (DMR) preceded by improvement of airtightness. MR yielded a somewhat better discounted net cost benefit (−€5.9 bn) than DMR (−€6.4 bn) over service-life (50 and 60 years, respectively). Benefits for health (€1.2 bn and €1.2 bn for MR and DMR, respectively) and savings in heating (€0.6 bn and €0.5 bn, respectively) could not offset the remediation costs (−€7.7 bn and −€8.0 bn, respectively). The service-life climate impact of both alternatives was negligible. In the sensitivity analysis, variation ( ± 20 %) in remediation costs had the most significant impact on net cost benefit (−€2.7 bn to −€7.3 bn). The assessment did not include all effects of remediations, like future value of the building, which could have a major effect on the estimated net cost benefit. However, the present study presents, to our knowledge for the first time, an integrated approach that can help in identifying sustainable remediation alternatives when societies adapt to and mitigate climate change.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100665,"journal":{"name":"Indoor Environments","volume":"2 2","pages":"Article 100094"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143902446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extreme indoor temperature a growing health hazard in rural areas of India","authors":"Premsagar Prakash Tasgaonkar ,&nbsp;Kamal Kumar Murari","doi":"10.1016/j.indenv.2025.100096","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indenv.2025.100096","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Climate change projections indicate that heavily populated regions across the globe will face a rising occurrence of more frequent, severe, and extended heat waves (HW), accompanied by prolonged periods of extreme heat. These events are poised to trigger widespread overheating in rural areas, leading to heat-related illnesses and mortalities. In this context, our study aimed to examine heat stress vulnerability, heat mitigation measures and indoor discomfort in rural areas. The study was carried out in the rural areas of Wardha district located in the Vidarbha region of Maharashtra, India. The census household survey method was adopted to collect quantitative data during the summer month of 2022. The environmental factors such as indoor temperature, relative humidity and dew point were measured for the period from 1st March 2022 to 30th June 2022. A total of 2,672 individuals (comprising 54 % men and 46 % women) reside in the census survey household (700 households), with 38 % of the population falling within the 21 to 40-year age group. People living in house with cement roofs were less affected with odds of 1.00 (0.78, 1.29) as compared to those with tin roofs. The highest indoor temperature was recorded in the tin roof house, reaching 40.0 °C, while cement slab houses recorded an average temperature of 38.5 °C. The highest temperatures ranged from 35 °C to 37 °C (May 11–18, 2022) and 35 °C to 38 °C (June 1–8, 2022). Notably, 80 % of individuals (2136) reported experiencing at least one self-reported Heat-Related Symptom (HRS), with symptoms such as fatigue (736), heavy sweating (679), intense thirst (518), dry mouth (364), leg cramps (255) and headache (238) were reported commonly. A small number of population experienced Severe Heat-Related Symptoms (HRS) like fainting (2), hallucinations (5) and paranoid feelings (6). While the majority exhibited Mild Heat-Related Symptoms (HRS). The mitigation strategies for extreme temperatures encompass seeking shade (1025), wearing light and loose clothing (881), drinking water frequently before feeling thirsty (802), drinking plenty of water (732), clothing removal for free air/airy dress (376) and covering head with a traditional scarf (253). Development of Heat Action Plan (HAP) will be a crucial step to avoid the HRS at local level. In the preparation of HAP engagement of local level stakeholder is very important for the effective implementation. The findings of the study will help policy makers to understand the implications of change in temperature and its consequences on the population.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100665,"journal":{"name":"Indoor Environments","volume":"2 2","pages":"Article 100096"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143860324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental determination of 7-day uptake rates for diffusive sampling of 86 volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds relevant for indoor air monitoring and investigation on their sensitivity to exposure time and indoor climate","authors":"Matthias Richter,&nbsp;Florian Schühle","doi":"10.1016/j.indenv.2025.100095","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indenv.2025.100095","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed to experimentally determine uptake rates for 86 indoor relevant volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds (VOC, SVOC) for the passive sampler type Perkin Elmer/Markes™ with Tenax® TA as sorbent, which was used in the German Environmental Survey on Health (GerES VI) carried out by the German Environmental Agency (UBA) in the years 2023–2024. For this purpose, single reference gas atmospheres of 76 pure VOCs (liquid at room temperature) and a group of 10 SVOCs and VOCs (solid at room temperature) were generated using two generation procedures. By exposing the samplers to individual components, it was ruled out that interactions in a mixture have an influence on the uptake rate. Another aspect was to precisely describe the methodology and the resulting uncertainties, as there are gaps in the literature in this regard. The selection of the compounds was based on the findings of the preceding GerES V study for which data was missing or needed to be verified. In each experiment, a number of six passive samplers was exposed to the test gas atmospheres in dynamically operated exposure chambers for seven days. The sensitivity of the uptake rates of a group of 10 selected VOCs to variations in exposure time, ambient temperature, and air humidity in a multi-component reference gas atmosphere was investigated. Here, a decrease in the uptake rate with the exposure time could be observed stabilising from the fifth day of exposure onwards. A significant effect of temperature and humidity on the uptake rate was not apparent. The determined uptake rates exhibit uncertainties of &lt; 20 % for 71 substances, and &lt; 10 % for 51 substances which are also in good agreement with the literature, if already published elsewhere. The quantity of investigated substances, the detailed description of the methodology used to determine the uptake rates complemented by the respective uncertainties, as well as the compilation of comparative data, contribute to a better assessment of the quality and relevance of such data, which had not been published before.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100665,"journal":{"name":"Indoor Environments","volume":"2 2","pages":"Article 100095"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143869661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measured impacts of supply vs. exhaust ventilation in residences","authors":"Paul W. Francisco ,&nbsp;Kiel Gilleade ,&nbsp;Yigang Sun ,&nbsp;Zachary Merrin ,&nbsp;Masih Alavy ,&nbsp;Jason LaFleur","doi":"10.1016/j.indenv.2025.100093","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indenv.2025.100093","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>It is well-recognized that ventilation in residential buildings is important for maintaining acceptable indoor air quality. Many residential energy retrofit programs require the installation of ventilation when energy-saving measures such as air sealing are performed on homes. However, there is substantial disagreement about the relative merits of supply ventilation, which brings outdoor air directly into the home, vs. exhaust ventilation, which targets the direct removal of contaminants from the home to outdoors. Past studies to explore this issue have used modeling, testing of unoccupied homes using tracer gases, and comparisons between homes that had different ventilation strategies. This study measured multiple contaminants in 18 lived-in homes in which both supply and exhaust ventilation systems were installed, at similar ventilation rates. Measurements were made over three weeks: one week with no ventilation operating, one week with exhaust ventilation operating, and one week with supply ventilation operating. Because both ventilation strategies were tested in the same homes, the analysis avoids a number of confounding factors based on any differences in homes. The results show that both ventilation strategies reduce contaminants by a similar amount, with differences in contaminant levels between system types not statistically significant. Most reductions were on the order of 10 %, with particles being reduced by 25–30 %. Apparent differences between the strategies differ depending on the contaminant, with exhaust having slightly larger reductions in contaminant levels for most contaminants, but supply having a greater beneficial impact on basement-level radon. The results suggest that there is a similar reduction of contaminant levels regardless of how ventilation is provided to the home.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100665,"journal":{"name":"Indoor Environments","volume":"2 2","pages":"Article 100093"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143843216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using smart thermostats to reduce indoor exposure to wildfire fine particulate matter (PM2.5)","authors":"Federico Dallo ,&nbsp;Thomas Parkinson ,&nbsp;Carlos Duarte ,&nbsp;Stefano Schiavon ,&nbsp;Chai Yoon Um ,&nbsp;Mark P. Modera ,&nbsp;Paul Raftery ,&nbsp;Carlo Barbante ,&nbsp;Brett C. Singer","doi":"10.1016/j.indenv.2025.100088","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indenv.2025.100088","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Exposure to fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) is responsible for millions of premature deaths globally each year. Wildfires are a major source of PM_2.5, creating dangerously high levels of air pollution across extensive regions. Current public health recommendations for wildfire-related PM_2.5 exposure include staying indoors and using portable air cleaners or central air systems with adequate filtration. We addressed the gaps in understanding central air system usage during wildfires by studying smart thermostat data from approximately 5000 California homes during the 2020 wildfire peak, proving that these systems are not effectively utilized for improving air quality. We explored the potential health benefits of optimizing central air system operation using smart thermostats and air quality data through modelling and simulation. An automated optimization approach could decrease indoor PM_2.5 exposure by up to 54 ± 5 % compared to standard air conditioning use, and up to 61 ± 5 % during peak wildfire smoke days. While this increased operation incurs an additional energy cost of about $5 per month per household (totalling $75 million), it is partially offset by an estimated 53 ± 5 % reduction in premature mortality, which translates to $29 million in monetized health benefits. Installing a MERV 13 filter and reducing house leakage further reduces indoor PM_2.5 concentrations. Overall, using a central air system with proper filtration can be as effective as using four portable air cleaners for on average house. The greatest potential for reducing health risks associated with PM_2.5 exposure through an automated optimised system is in lower-income areas. This study reveals that existing technologies and infrastructure, often overlooked, could significantly improve protection for building occupants from wildfire smoke.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100665,"journal":{"name":"Indoor Environments","volume":"2 2","pages":"Article 100088"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143855773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Indoor potted plants have little effect on office dust fungal communities","authors":"Abigail Leslie ,&nbsp;Muhtashim Rafiq Chowdhury ,&nbsp;Martin Täubel ,&nbsp;Bridget Hegarty","doi":"10.1016/j.indenv.2025.100092","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indenv.2025.100092","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Reflecting the predominance of time we spend indoors, there is increasing interest in understanding and achieving healthy indoor microbiomes. Introducing more plants into urban environments, e.g., through living architecture, is one possible way to increase indoor microbial diversity. However, more research is needed to establish how and the degree to which indoor plants affect the indoor microbiome, particularly indoor fungal communities. In this study, we explore whether plant and indoor air microbiomes interact with each other. We hypothesized that fungi found in the plants’ soil would be detected in the settled dust samples and that rooms with plants will have more diverse fungal communities. We conducted a longitudinal study of single-occupancy offices with and without plants, (1) quantifying total fungal and bacterial levels in airborne settled dust and (2) comparing the fungal composition. We found that the fungal community composition and total abundance was consistent over time and across the offices that we measured, suggesting a strong building-specific effect. Both relative humidity and dewpoint in the rooms had a statistically significant correlation with the fungal community composition. Plant status had no effect on the alpha or beta diversity, nor the network structure, of the office’s fungal community. A small fraction of the highly abundant soil ASVs were found in the dust samples (0.6 ± 1.5 %), while a larger fraction of the highly abundant dust ASVs were found in the soil samples (27.1 ± 17.4 %), suggesting a small degree of bidirectional exchange between their fungal communities. Future studies with more plants are necessary to evaluate whether this trend persists with more plant material. Overall, our study suggests that typical numbers of office house plants are unlikely to modify indoor air quality by changing the indoor fungal community.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100665,"journal":{"name":"Indoor Environments","volume":"2 2","pages":"Article 100092"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143843222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling of inhalation exposure to transmitted droplets at different interpersonal distances and postures in indoor environments","authors":"Onkangi Ruth ,&nbsp;Kazuki Kuga ,&nbsp;U. Yanagi ,&nbsp;Pawel Wargocki ,&nbsp;Kazuhide Ito","doi":"10.1016/j.indenv.2025.100091","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indenv.2025.100091","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding droplet dispersion in indoor environments, subsequent inhalation, and dermal deposition is the basis for controlling airborne transmission. In this study, we investigated the risk of inhalation and dermal exposure to droplets exhaled from infected persons at different interpersonal distances (IPDs), close-contact postures, and face orientations, using a realistic human model with a respiratory tract. We modeled the droplet and its nuclei dispersions under stagnant indoor airflow conditions (0.05 m/s). Our results corroborate the analytical findings that short-range inhalation dominates exposure at an IPD ≥ 0.3 m. In the examined close contact postures and IPDs, there was greater inhalation exposure during coughing than during speaking in the standing–standing posture (4.8 % and 2.9 %, respectively). The face-to-side (cheek) orientation reduced inhalation exposure during speaking but not during coughing. The inhalation and deposition fractions varied inversely with an increase in IPD. Inhalation exposure was higher in the standing-standing close contact posture than that in the standing-sitting posture at the same IPD due to high velocity magnitude at the nose. During the speaking scenario, higher fraction of inhaled particles with a wider diameter of ≥ 15 µm before evaporation were deposited in the nasal cavity. For the coughing scenario, most inhaled droplets of pre-evaporation sizes &lt; 10 µm passed through the pharyngeal end, with minimal deposition in the nasal cavity. The aspiration efficiency is dependent on the timing of the inhalation period and droplet concentration in the breathing zone. This study can inform the unsettled discourse on safe IPDs and other novel measures for infection control.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100665,"journal":{"name":"Indoor Environments","volume":"2 2","pages":"Article 100091"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143785584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"School-informed risk calculator tool for reducing the spread of respiratory viral infection among school-aged children","authors":"Amanda M. Wilson ,&nbsp;Ashley A. Lowe ,&nbsp;Nana Adwoa A. Amoh-Asante ,&nbsp;Yang Zhan ,&nbsp;Ahamed Ashraf ,&nbsp;Lynn B. Gerald","doi":"10.1016/j.indenv.2025.100090","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indenv.2025.100090","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>School health staff need decision support for responding to respiratory viral outbreaks. Quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) tools are an inexpensive and fast resource. Our objectives were to engage school districts to inform the development of a risk-based calculator tool, test the tool across hypothetical cases, and elicit feedback among school health staff. We administered an online survey for Kindergarten (K) - Grade 5 teachers, school health professionals, and other school staff to gather data about respiratory viral disease interventions and model parameters. A risk calculator tool was developed in which users choose hypothetical scenarios to estimate infection risk per individual and compare interventions. Three case studies (CS) were explored: CS1 – Rhinovirus transmission in a general education classroom with \"poor\" vs. \"great\" air quality, CS2 – Influenza A virus transmission in a music classroom with vs. without a portable air purifier, CS3 – SARS-CoV-2 transmission in a special education classroom with vs. without open doors/windows. The prototype tool was presented at a national school nursing meeting, and attendees were surveyed on (dis)likes and anticipated tool uses. For the initial survey of Arizona school personnel (n = 132), the top respiratory viral outbreak strategies reported by teachers were hand (94 %) and surface hygiene (85.1 %). For all case studies, infection risks were above thresholds used in other contexts but were comparable to published student respiratory illness incidence data. At the national meeting, school nurses (n = 12) identified potential uses including advocating for interventions to administrators. This work reflects a unique application of community partnership and QMRA to address school health decision support.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100665,"journal":{"name":"Indoor Environments","volume":"2 2","pages":"Article 100090"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143768062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance evaluation of radon measurement techniques in single-family homes","authors":"Joan F. Rey ,&nbsp;Dusan Licina ,&nbsp;Joëlle Goyette Pernot","doi":"10.1016/j.indenv.2025.100087","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indenv.2025.100087","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Radon, a naturally occurring radioactive gas, poses a significant health risk as prolonged exposure indoors can lead to lung cancer. Current radon measurement techniques vary widely in methodology, device types, and exposure duration, posing challenges to accurately evaluate and benchmark radon concentrations. To comprehensively assess the performance of various radon measurement techniques, we conducted measurements in 20 single-family homes across diverse geographical regions of Western Switzerland. We deployed multiple types of passive dosimeters and three grades of real-time sensors for periods extending up to one year. Our results reveal that long-term passive measurements were only marginally influenced by measurement duration, demonstrating the reliability of passive measurements shorter than one year. Cross-comparisons of real-time sensors revealed performance discrepancies, with medium- and consumer-grade sensors exhibiting errors of 10 % and 18 %, respectively, when compared to reference research-grade devices. Furthermore, comparison of consumer- and medium-grade sensors to 3-, 6- and 12-month passive measurements underlined their capability to monitor radon levels accurately, with errors typically below 20 %. These results were consistent with previous laboratory-based performance testing, highlighting similar real-life performance of real-time radon sensors. Our findings suggest that short-term passive measurements and low-cost real-time measurements could reliably replace traditional radon assessment methods. This paper provides new insights into the reliability and performance of radon measurement techniques over various time periods and real-life conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100665,"journal":{"name":"Indoor Environments","volume":"2 2","pages":"Article 100087"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143705884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}