Indoor Environments最新文献_第4页

Assessing the accuracy of predicted values of human CO2 generation rates for IAQ applications 评估室内空气质量应用中人类二氧化碳生成率预测值的准确性

Indoor Environments Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.indenv.2025.100132

Oluwatobi Oke , Rodrigo Fernández-Verdejo , Adam Lowe , Laura Watson , Shanshan Chen , Stefan Flagner , Guy Plaqui , Andrew Persily

{"title":"Assessing the accuracy of predicted values of human CO2 generation rates for IAQ applications","authors":"Oluwatobi Oke , Rodrigo Fernández-Verdejo , Adam Lowe , Laura Watson , Shanshan Chen , Stefan Flagner , Guy Plaqui , Andrew Persily","doi":"10.1016/j.indenv.2025.100132","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indenv.2025.100132","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The fields of building ventilation and indoor air quality (IAQ) often use indoor CO<sub>2</sub> concentrations as indicators of ventilation and IAQ, though many of these applications involve technical misinterpretation. Many of these applications require estimates of CO<sub>2</sub> emission rates from building occupants (VCO<sub>2</sub>), which can be predicted from body mass, sex, age, and activity level. In many cases, these parameters are difficult to determine, necessitating assumptions about the occupants and their activities. The determination of these values can be particularly challenging during the building design phase when no occupants are present or in occupied spaces where characterizing occupants is often impractical. This study utilizes data from experiments conducted by four research laboratories employing whole-room indirect calorimeter measurements of VCO<sub>2</sub> to evaluate the accuracy of two estimation approaches, ASHRAE and Persily and de Jonge. The experiments involved healthy adults performing various activities, including sleeping, cycling, and sedentary tasks such as reading. This validation exercise of VCO<sub>2</sub> predictions was conducted using two types of input values, measured data from the experiments and data from the literature. The results indicate that the ASHRAE approach consistently underestimated VCO<sub>2</sub>, with absolute mean prediction errors ranging from 29 % to 58 %. The Persily and de Jonge approach exhibited lower prediction errors, particularly when measured inputs were used, with absolute mean differences ranging from 6 % to 21 %. These findings highlight the critical importance of accurate input data. When measured inputs are unavailable, literature-derived values should be used with an understanding of their uncertainty.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100665,"journal":{"name":"Indoor Environments","volume":"2 4","pages":"Article 100132"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145417331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A multi-criteria decision analysis for building envelope design: Bridging moisture safety and health risks 建筑围护结构设计的多准则决策分析：桥接湿气安全和健康风险

Indoor Environments Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.indenv.2025.100134

Mohsen Bayat Pour

{"title":"A multi-criteria decision analysis for building envelope design: Bridging moisture safety and health risks","authors":"Mohsen Bayat Pour","doi":"10.1016/j.indenv.2025.100134","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indenv.2025.100134","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Developing a robust decision analysis framework for selecting appropriate building envelope assemblies is essential to ensure moisture safety, energy efficiency, and sustainability. Recently, Bayat Pour et al. introduced the inutility decision analysis (IDA) method, which integrates moisture safety criteria with sustainability considerations, including economic and environmental aspects. This study builds upon the IDA framework by addressing a previously identified gap: the lack of occupant health analyses. A new feature is incorporated into the method to assess health impacts, specifically related to mould exposure. Three case studies of timber-framed walls were analysed under Stockholm climate conditions. The probabilistic mould reliability analysis showed that the probability of exceeding the mould index threshold (MI = 3) was 2.3 % for CS1, 0 % for CS2, and 71.5 % for CS3. Health consequence calculations linked mould occurrence to asthma and allergic rhinitis, with potential lifetime costs of 22415 €/m² and 3403 €/m², respectively, under worst-case conditions. The inutility decision analysis further demonstrated the trade-offs between initial and health-related costs: CS1 (SPR = 0.14) combined initial costs (45.27 €/m²) with low health inutility (279.87 €/m²); CS2 (SPR = 0.50) required the highest initial costs (180.84 €/m²) but avoided health costs entirely; CS3 (SPR = 0.59) offered the lowest initial costs (34.05 €/m²) but incurred the largest health inutility (8815.39 €/m²). These findings illustrate how IDA can provide a transparent and balanced decision framework, moving beyond deterministic or initial costs-based assessments to explicitly address occupant health and long-term sustainability in building envelope design.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100665,"journal":{"name":"Indoor Environments","volume":"2 4","pages":"Article 100134"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145417333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An analysis of the impact of geology on indoor air radon concentration 地质条件对室内空气氡浓度的影响分析

Indoor Environments Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.indenv.2025.100143

Uttam Saha , Derek Cooper , Pamela R. Turner , Rebecca A. Cantrell , Kushajveer Singh

{"title":"An analysis of the impact of geology on indoor air radon concentration","authors":"Uttam Saha , Derek Cooper , Pamela R. Turner , Rebecca A. Cantrell , Kushajveer Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.indenv.2025.100143","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indenv.2025.100143","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Radon (<sup>222</sup>Rn<sub>86</sub>), a radioactive gas formed by the decay of uranium and radium in rocks and minerals, can seep into houses, accumulating in the indoor air. Breathing radon-rich indoor air is the leading cause of lung cancer, after smoking, resulting in around 21,000 deaths in the US each year. The US Surgeon General advises taking action at 4 pCi/L or higher. Approximately 1 in 15 homes could have an indoor air radon concentration at or above 4 pCi/L. In this study, 134,496 indoor air radon test results from the state of Georgia, USA were analyzed. The tests were conducted between 1990 and 2022. The test results were analyzed in relation to the five well-recognized physiographic provinces in the state with contrasting underground geological features. Significantly different mean/median/mode and spread of radon concentration, frequency of high radon, and potential lung cancer risk were evident for different physiographic provinces. The highest indoor air radon levels and the highest lung cancer risk in Georgia were associated with the underground metamorphic rocks Gneiss-Schist-Quartzite, followed by Granite, Limestone-Dolomite-Shale, and Limestone-Sandstone-Shale. The lowest radon and lung cancer risks were associated with the unconsolidated marine sediments, but the risk was still significant. These findings help to substantiate the need for supporting policies and education related to increasing radon testing, mitigation, and regulations, especially in states with similar geological features. Population density, diversity, rurality, and health-literacy in various physiographic provinces should be considered together with these findings to properly realize the risk of radon from a public health standpoint.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100665,"journal":{"name":"Indoor Environments","volume":"2 4","pages":"Article 100143"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145736266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sensing a coughing person using a depth camera and microphones for effective infection control in indoor environments 使用深度摄像头和麦克风检测咳嗽者，以便在室内环境中有效控制感染

Indoor Environments Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.indenv.2025.100135

Can Xiao , Chun Chen

{"title":"Sensing a coughing person using a depth camera and microphones for effective infection control in indoor environments","authors":"Can Xiao , Chun Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.indenv.2025.100135","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indenv.2025.100135","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Airborne infectious diseases have been a threat to human health for decades. Among various infection control methods, source control is the most direct and effective. To implement source control measures, it is crucial to accurately identify the index persons and their locations in the indoor environment. Coughing is one of the indicators that a person may have acquired a respiratory infection, although healthy persons may also cough. Therefore, this study developed a method based on depth camera and microphone sensors to detect cough events and identify the location of the corresponding coughing person. The depth camera was employed to achieve human recognition and obtain the coordinates of persons in the indoor environment. Microphone sensors were used to collect audio samples, enabling the detection of cough events and the identification of the location where the cough occurs based on machine learning. Experiments were conducted to validate the proposed method. The results show that the proposed method successfully identified all cough events and accurately localized the coughing person with an error of 604 mm or less. Finally, the proposed method was applied in the source control of person-to-person particle transport in a laboratory indoor environment with a robot equipped with an air cleaner to demonstrate the value of this method for infection control. The results show that, compared with the air cleaner off and the stationary air cleaner on cases, the air-cleaning robot with the proposed coughing person identification and localization method reduced the receptors’ exposure to exhaled particles by up to 75.8 %.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100665,"journal":{"name":"Indoor Environments","volume":"2 4","pages":"Article 100135"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145519802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A review on methodological transitions in school lighting research from 1980 to 2020 1980 - 2020年学校照明研究方法变迁述评

Indoor Environments Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.indenv.2025.100125

Stavroula Angelaki

引用次数: 0

Modeling VOC-emissions in a building using Laplace networks – simplified models, explicit expressions and typical timescales 利用拉普拉斯网络模拟建筑物中挥发性有机化合物的排放——简化模型、明确表达式和典型时标

Indoor Environments Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.indenv.2025.100130

Fredrik Domhagen, Carl-Eric Hagentoft

{"title":"Modeling VOC-emissions in a building using Laplace networks – simplified models, explicit expressions and typical timescales","authors":"Fredrik Domhagen, Carl-Eric Hagentoft","doi":"10.1016/j.indenv.2025.100130","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indenv.2025.100130","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>New buildings often initially have elevated levels of VOC emissions that negatively affect the perceived indoor air quality. Increased ventilation is therefore commonly used in new buildings to reduce VOC concentrations and speed up the depletion of VOC within the materials. In this work we present a new analytic method, using Laplace networks, for precise prediction and analysis of VOC emissions in new buildings. The method handles multiple materials and is flexible and easily extendable to more complex cases. The method is validated with numerical simulations and used to analyze a room specific time-constant for assessing early-stage emissions. Results show that the time-constant, together with a general eerfc-function, is useful for relating material properties, emitting area and ventilation rates to time. The proposed method is also used to derive several simplified models that predict emissions and concentrations at various stages, giving new insights into the impact from input parameters and relevant timescales. Given its high computational speed, the method is also proven to be suitable for uncertainty analysis when input data is limited.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100665,"journal":{"name":"Indoor Environments","volume":"2 4","pages":"Article 100130"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145363990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Resident-centric retrofits for social housing: A multi-solving approach 以居民为中心的社会住房改造：一种多重解决方法

Indoor Environments Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.indenv.2025.100131

Marianne F. Touchie

{"title":"Resident-centric retrofits for social housing: A multi-solving approach","authors":"Marianne F. Touchie","doi":"10.1016/j.indenv.2025.100131","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indenv.2025.100131","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Housing around the world needs to be retrofit to achieve our decarbonization goals. Social (or public) housing is a particularly critical sector given that it often serves priority populations who have limited choice in how they are housed. At the same time, social housing in many jurisdictions suffers disproportionately from poor performance that impacts the resident experience including substandard indoor air quality (IAQ), thermal discomfort and broader control issues, often due to underinvestment at the time of construction and throughout the building service life. Further, these performance issues will be exacerbated as our changing climate brings more extreme weather events, including heat waves and wildfires. By focusing retrofit goals entirely on decarbonization, the performance issues impacting residents often remain unaddressed, therefore a framework for considering post-retrofit building performance more holistically is needed. The concept of “multi-solving” retrofits, where multiple performance issues are addressed through a single project, presents a framework through which we can expand our consideration of retrofits beyond energy and carbon. These new directions include reducing life cycle carbon burdens and improving resilience to extreme events; housing affordability; health, comfort and control; and livability and community are described. By applying this framework, retrofit investments can yield benefits for residents that extend beyond initial environmental goals. Following an introduction to the framework and examples of how it can be applied, future directions for the research community, policy makers and industry are suggested to promote widespread adoption of resident-centric retrofits (where resident needs are prioritized) that address the multitude of challenges facing social housing globally. These directions include the need for better data collection on holistic retrofit performance, co-benefit valuation and decision support tools for the building industry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100665,"journal":{"name":"Indoor Environments","volume":"2 4","pages":"Article 100131"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145321057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The effect of the ventilation rate on exposure to SARS-CoV-2 in a room with mixing ventilation 通风率对混合通风室内SARS-CoV-2暴露的影响

Indoor Environments Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.indenv.2025.100129

Timothy Foat , Benjamin Higgins , Suzie Abbs , Thomas Maishman , Liam Gray , Adrian Kelsey , Simon Coldrick , Alexander Edwards , Matthew J. Ivings , Simon T. Parker , Catherine J. Noakes

{"title":"The effect of the ventilation rate on exposure to SARS-CoV-2 in a room with mixing ventilation","authors":"Timothy Foat , Benjamin Higgins , Suzie Abbs , Thomas Maishman , Liam Gray , Adrian Kelsey , Simon Coldrick , Alexander Edwards , Matthew J. Ivings , Simon T. Parker , Catherine J. Noakes","doi":"10.1016/j.indenv.2025.100129","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indenv.2025.100129","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, guidance was to increase ventilation as a way to reduce the risk of transmission. While the benefits of ventilation, when it is used to supply fresh air or to remove virus laden air from a space, is indisputable, we show that in some circumstances it can also enhance the transport of virus from the infected to the uninfected. We used computational fluid dynamics to study exposure to SARS-CoV-2 from a person coughing, in a mechanically ventilated room with mixing ventilation, over short time periods. Models were run with three ventilation rates and two definitions for how the virus is distributed within different size droplets. These showed that up to 3 m from the person (the largest distance assessed in this work), the median exposure had a statistically significant increase as the ventilation rate was increased. For example, as the room air change rate was increased from 0.5h<sup>−1</sup> to 5h<sup>−1</sup>, the median exposure after 5 min increased by a factor of 7 or 134 depending on the model settings specified. The models showed that the negative impact of mixing ventilation on exposure (i.e. increased ventilation rate leading to increased exposure) reduced with time, which brings the predictions in line with the general guidance. Ventilation measures are therefore most likely to have the greatest impact on reducing transmission in spaces where people spend longer periods of time.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100665,"journal":{"name":"Indoor Environments","volume":"2 4","pages":"Article 100129"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145417332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Do-it-yourself air purifiers: Educator attitudes and perceptions in a K-12 public school district 自己动手空气净化器：K-12公立学区教育工作者的态度和看法

Indoor Environments Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.indenv.2025.100128

Jessica P. Hollenbach , Misti Levy Zamora , Floraine Evardo , Tu Anh Ngoc Nguyen , Amirul Anuar , Tyler Rogers , Kristina Wagstrom , Marina A. Creed

{"title":"Do-it-yourself air purifiers: Educator attitudes and perceptions in a K-12 public school district","authors":"Jessica P. Hollenbach , Misti Levy Zamora , Floraine Evardo , Tu Anh Ngoc Nguyen , Amirul Anuar , Tyler Rogers , Kristina Wagstrom , Marina A. Creed","doi":"10.1016/j.indenv.2025.100128","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indenv.2025.100128","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>School indoor air quality (IAQ) has long been overlooked, despite its known impact on staff and student health and academic performance. In response to heightened concerns during the COVID-19 pandemic, our team partnered with a public school district (PreK–12) in Connecticut to distribute 200 low-cost, do-it-yourself Corsi-Rosenthal (C-R) box air purifiers. At the end of the 2021–2022 academic year, educators were surveyed to understand their experiences with the C-R boxes. The survey included both Likert-scale and open-ended questions. Our results show that most educators found the boxes quiet (60 %), easy to move (90 %), and durable (71 %). 31 % reported turning them off during instruction time to reduce interference with educators’ voices. Interestingly, lower-grade educators were significantly more likely than high school educators to report C-R box sound as an issue (p < 0.025). Only one third of educators believed C-R boxes were a distraction. When asked about the perceived effectiveness of C-R boxes, nearly half (48 %) were unsure, and many indicated an interest in learning more. Overall, educators reported that C-R boxes were low burden, easy to manage, not distracting, and a positive experience. Future work will focus on addressing the feedback around C-R box effectiveness, using objective tools to increase engagement and address concerns around maintenance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100665,"journal":{"name":"Indoor Environments","volume":"2 4","pages":"Article 100128"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145268674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Collocation testing of consumer-grade electronic radon sensors in Canadian homes 消费级电子氡传感器在加拿大家庭中的配置测试

Indoor Environments Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.indenv.2025.100141

Amanda Giang, Tianyuan Li

{"title":"Collocation testing of consumer-grade electronic radon sensors in Canadian homes","authors":"Amanda Giang, Tianyuan Li","doi":"10.1016/j.indenv.2025.100141","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indenv.2025.100141","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Radon exposure is the second leading cause of lung cancer in Canada. Consumer-grade electronic radon sensors, which provide real-time results, are increasingly used by homeowners for radon monitoring. This study evaluates the short-term performance of four consumer-grade radon sensors (RadonEye, Inkbird, Spirit, and Wave) against a professional-grade instrument (RAD7) in seven different Canadian homes. In each home, testing was conducted for seven days with radon concentrations ranging from negligible to more than 2000 Bq/m<sup>3</sup>. Sensor performance was assessed using a total of six analysis methods, including linear regression, RMSE, Pearson or Spearman correlation analyses, Welch’s t-test or Mann-Whitney U-test, Bland-Altman plots, and confusion matrices. The results reveal that three of the four sensors had similar performance across most analysis methods, while one sensor had the lowest performance, possibly attributed to the short testing duration. For occupants, these sensors can be useful for quickly detecting current radon levels; however, long-term testing (90 days) with certified detectors or sensors is still recommended to ensure a reliable assessment of their radon exposure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100665,"journal":{"name":"Indoor Environments","volume":"2 4","pages":"Article 100141"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145684129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0