工程技术最新文献

{"title":"Enhanced osteointegration of implants in aged rats via a stem cell pool aging reversion strategy.","authors":"Xuan Li, Xinxin Luo, Ye He, Bikun Zhou, Kun Xu, Qian Huang, Xiao Jiang, Hongwei Xiong, Xuezhe Liu, Shaopeng Liu, Bailong Tao, Peng Liu, Kaiyong Cai","doi":"10.1016/j.biomaterials.2025.123604","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biomaterials.2025.123604","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The senescence of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) leads to the significant change of their metabolic activity and physiological behaviors. In the context of orthopedic treatment, the osteointegration of titanium implant is largely affected by MSC aging, imposing considerable limitations on its long-term application. In this study, a surface modification on titanium implants was designed to enhance osteointegration by effectively regulating the functions of senescent MSC: A typical micro-nano topological structure was established on the implant surface to improve the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. Then a functional hydrogel coating was covalently modified to the implant surface through a poly-dopamine layer. For senescent MSCs, firstly, the coating can eliminate the activation of senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) of senescent MSCs by micro-nano topological structure, and it accelerated the proliferation of non-senescent MSCs by the reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging. With the degradation of the hydrogel coating, the composition of stem cell pool around the implant interfaces gradually rejuvenated, as the number of non-senescent MSCs increased and senescent MSCs decreased. Meanwhile, the exposed micro-nano topological structure showed significant effect on the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs, and ultimately promoted the osteointegration in aging rats. These results provided promising insights for the design and application of orthopedic titanium implants for aging patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":254,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials","volume":"325 ","pages":"123604"},"PeriodicalIF":12.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144803048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A sprayable TQ/Ce6@SAB/F-gel for accelerating wound healing via hypoxia-tolerant photodynamic therapy and immune-metabolic pathway.","authors":"Ming Li, Shengzhe Zhou, Qiang Yu, Chenxi Wang, Haoyi Chen, Yingying Ma, Huizhen Fan, Tao Ni, Min Lu, Min Yao","doi":"10.1016/j.biomaterials.2025.123602","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biomaterials.2025.123602","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chronic diabetic wounds are characterized by hypoxia, persistent microbial infection, and impaired healing, posing significant challenges to conventional therapies. Herein, we present a novel sprayable double-network hydrogel platform designed to achieve efficient antimicrobial activity and accelerated wound repair under hypoxic conditions by leveraging a type I photodynamic therapy (PDT) and immune-metabolic regulatory strategy. Specifically, we employ salvianolic acid B (SAB) to form a self-assembled hydrogel (SAB-gel) and incorporate fibrin to construct a robust and acidic double-network SAB/F-gel with enhanced mechanical strength and acidic environment. Concurrently, thymoquinone (TQ) and chlorin e6 (Ce6) are self-assembled via hydrophobic interactions to form TQ/Ce6 nanoparticles (TQ/Ce6 NPs) and embedded in the SAB/F-gel, to fabricate the TQ/Ce6@SAB/F-gel. Under low-oxygen conditions, TQ acts as an electron-transfer mediator, enabling Ce6 to generate abundant superoxide anions (·O₂^-) via type I PDT under red light (RL) irradiation. These ·O₂^- are subsequently converted into hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and hydroxyl radicals (·OH) in the acidic environment provided by acidic SAB/F-gel, thereby reducing the dependence on oxygen and maintaining potent antimicrobial efficacy against MRSA, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pa), Acinetobacter baumannii (Ab), Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Candida albicans (Ca). In vitro experiments demonstrated that TQ/Ce6@SAB/F-gel regulates macrophage M2 polarization and promotes endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and tube formation via the immune-metabolic regulatory pathways. When applied to MRSA-infected diabetic wounds in mice, the hydrogel in combination with RL completely eradicated bacteria, promoted collagen deposition and angiogenesis, and significantly accelerated wound closure, as demonstrated by histological examination and transcriptome sequencing. This work offers a versatile, biocompatible, and oxygen-independent PDT-based hydrogel system for the treatment of refractory infected diabetic wounds, offering potential for clinical translation and improved patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":254,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials","volume":"325 ","pages":"123602"},"PeriodicalIF":12.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144811478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-supported DNA hydrogel facilitates microenvironment remodeling and cartilage repair to prevent osteoarthritis progression via an ambidextrous strategy.","authors":"Yixin Liu, Xinjian Yang, Ya Miao, Taoping Chen, Wenyan Gao, Guoqiang Zhou, Guang Jia, Xiaosong Yang, Jinchao Zhang, Yi Jin","doi":"10.1016/j.biomaterials.2025.123595","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biomaterials.2025.123595","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Osteoarthritis (OA), a prevalent degenerative joint disease, currently lacks effective therapeutic options beyond symptomatic relief. Persistent inflammation and impaired cartilage repair accelerate the disease progression. The enzyme inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) contributes to OA by producing nitric oxide (NO), which intensifies inflammation and inhibits cartilage regeneration. Traditional iNOS inhibitors have demonstrated limited efficacy due to inadequate targeted release and uncoordinated control over inflammation. In this study, we developed a self-supported DNAzyme-based DNA hydrogel using rolling circle amplification (RCA) technology to deliver iNOS-targeting DNAzymes and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (BMSC-exos) in response to inflammation. The hydrogel incorporates triglycerol monostearate nanoparticles (TGMS NPs), which degrade under high matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) levels in OA joints, thereby triggering the release of the DNAzymes and exosomes with precision. This targeted delivery modulates the inflammatory microenvironment by reducing pro-inflammatory NO production and supports chondrogenesis by promoting M2 macrophage polarization. In vitro and in vivo analyses reveal that the hydrogel significantly reduces inflammatory cytokine levels, enhances chondrocyte proliferation, and restores extracellular matrix integrity, ultimately slowing OA progression. This smart hydrogel offers a promising ambidextrous strategy for microenvironment modulation and cartilage regeneration, potentially advancing OA treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":254,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials","volume":"325 ","pages":"123595"},"PeriodicalIF":12.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144803049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AI-driven early diagnosis of specific mental disorders: a comprehensive study.","authors":"Firuze Damla Eryılmaz Baran, Meric Cetin","doi":"10.1007/s11571-025-10253-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11571-025-10253-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>One of the areas where artificial intelligence (AI) technologies are used is the detection and diagnosis of mental disorders. AI approaches, including machine learning and deep learning models, can identify early signs of bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorder, depression, suicidality, and dementia by analyzing speech patterns, behaviors, and physiological data. These approaches increase diagnostic accuracy and enable timely intervention, which is crucial for effective treatment. This paper presents a comprehensive literature review of AI approaches applied to mental disorder detection using various data sources, such as survey, Electroencephalography (EEG) signal, text and image. Applications include predicting anxiety and depression levels in online games, detecting schizophrenia from EEG signals, detecting autism spectrum disorder, analyzing text-based indicators of suicidality and depression, and diagnosing dementia from magnetic resonance imaging images. eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), light gradient-boosting machine (LightGBM), random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM), K-nearest neighbor were designed as machine learning models, and convolutional neural networks (CNN), long short-term memory (LSTM) and gated recurrent unit (GRU) models suitable for the dataset were designed as deep learning models. Data preprocessing techniques such as wavelet transforms, normalization, clustering were used to optimize model performances, and hyperparameter optimization and feature extraction were performed. While the LightGBM technique had the highest performance with 96% accuracy for anxiety and depression prediction, the optimized SVM stood out with 97% accuracy. Autism spectrum disorder classification reached 98% accuracy with XGBoost, RF and LightGBM. The LSTM model achieved a high accuracy of 83% in schizophrenia diagnosis. The GRU model showed the best performance with 93% accuracy in text-based suicide and depression detection. In the detection of dementia, LSTM and GRU models have demonstrated their effectiveness in data analysis by reaching 99% accuracy. The findings of the study highlight the effectiveness of LSTM and GRU for sequential data analysis and their applicability in medical imaging or natural language processing. XGBoost and LightGBM are noted to be highly accurate ML tools for clinical diagnoses. In addition, hyperparameter optimization and advanced data pre-processing approaches are confirmed to significantly improve model performance. The results obtained with this study have revealed the potential to improve clinical decision support systems for mental disorders with AI, facilitating early diagnosis and personalized treatment strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":10500,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Neurodynamics","volume":"19 1","pages":"70"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12052716/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143984171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rate of herbicide resistant weed development: A Canadian Prairie case study.","authors":"Chelsea Sutherland, Savannah Gleim, Simona Lubieniechi, Stuart J Smyth","doi":"10.1080/21645698.2025.2477231","DOIUrl":"10.1080/21645698.2025.2477231","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Genetically modified crop adoption in Canada has been the key driver in removing tillage as the lead form of weed control, due to increased weed control efficiency. Land use has transitioned from the use of summerfallow to continuous cropping, predominantly involving zero or minimum tillage practices. Prairie crop rotations have diversified away from mainly cereals to include three-year rotations of cereals, pulses, and oilseeds. Total herbicide volume applied has increased as crop production acres increased, but the rate of herbicide active ingredient applied per hectare has declined. Diverse crop rotations allow for weed control using herbicides with different modes of action, reducing selection pressure for resistant weed development. Herbicide-resistant weeds are an important concern for farmers, as the loss of key herbicides would make weed control exceedingly more difficult. The objective of this case study is to examine herbicide resistance weed development in the Canadian Prairies and to identify changes in resistance development following GM crop adoption.</p>","PeriodicalId":54282,"journal":{"name":"Gm Crops & Food-Biotechnology in Agriculture and the Food Chain","volume":"16 1","pages":"252-262"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11901363/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143588195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"BrainNeXt: novel lightweight CNN model for the automated detection of brain disorders using MRI images.","authors":"Melahat Poyraz, Ahmet Kursad Poyraz, Yusuf Dogan, Selva Gunes, Hasan S Mir, Jose Kunnel Paul, Prabal Datta Barua, Mehmet Baygin, Sengul Dogan, Turker Tuncer, Filippo Molinari, Rajendra Acharya","doi":"10.1007/s11571-025-10235-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11571-025-10235-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The main aim of this study is to propose a novel convolutional neural network, named BrainNeXt, for the automated brain disorders detection using magnetic resonance images (MRI) images. Furthermore, we aim to investigate the performance of our proposed network on various medical applications. To achieve high/robust image classification performance, we gathered a new MRI dataset belonging to four classes: (1) Alzheimer's disease, (2) chronic ischemia, (3) multiple sclerosis, and (4) control. Inspired by ConvNeXt, we designed BrainNeXt as a lightweight classification model by incorporating the structural elements of the Swin Transformers Tiny model. By training our model on the collected dataset, a pretrained BrainNeXt model was obtained. Additionally, we have suggested a feature engineering (FE) approach based on the pretrained BrainNeXt, which extracted features from fixed-sized patches. To select the most discriminative/informative features, we employed the neighborhood component analysis selector in the feature selection phase. As the classifier for our patch-based FE approach, we utilized the support vector machine classifier. Our recommended BrainNeXt approach achieved an accuracy of 100% and 91.35% for training and validation. The recommended model obtained the test classification accuracy of 94.21%. To further improve the classification performance, we suggested a patch-based DFE approach, which achieved a test accuracy of 99.73%. The obtained results, surpassing 90% accuracy on the test dataset, demonstrate the effectiveness and high classification performance of the proposed models.</p>","PeriodicalId":10500,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Neurodynamics","volume":"19 1","pages":"53"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11929658/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143691190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-decomposition method for event-triggered finite-time synchronization control of complex-valued memristive neural networks.","authors":"Hui Lin, Yanchao Shi, Jun Guo, Xiaoya He","doi":"10.1007/s11571-025-10306-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11571-025-10306-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper investigates the finite-time synchronization of complex-valued memristive neural networks (CVMNNs) with time-varying delays using an event-triggered control approach. The analysis is conducted in a holistic manner, utilizing the one-norm and sign functions of complex numbers, thereby eliminating the need for decomposition. To alleviate communication pressure, an event-triggered controller is introduced, accompanied by specific conditions and criteria to guarantee synchronization within a finite time frame. Additionally, a direct estimate of the synchronization time is provided, and a positive lower bound on the minimum event interval is derived to prevent Zeno behavior. Building on this event-triggered strategy, a self-triggered mechanism is designed to eliminate the necessity for continuous monitoring. The proposed method is straightforward and easily implementable, with its effectiveness demonstrated through illustrative examples and simulation results.</p>","PeriodicalId":10500,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Neurodynamics","volume":"19 1","pages":"115"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12279686/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144697815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Baicalein Alleviates Lithium-Pilocarpine-Induced Status Epilepticus by Regulating DNMT1/GABRD Pathway in Rats.","authors":"Zhenggang Wu, Jing Liu, Deju Yin, Jing Huang, Yujing Huang, Pengfei Wang","doi":"10.1080/15476278.2025.2519607","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15476278.2025.2519607","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Epilepsy is a common disease of the nervous system. Recent advances in epigenetics have revealed DNA methylation as a key mechanism in epilepsy pathogenesis, particularly through dysregulation of GABAergic signaling. Baicalein has been shown to have anticonvulsant and neuroprotective effects. However, its epigenetic regulatory effects on GABA receptor function remain unexplored.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The status epilepticus (SE) model was induced by lithium chloride-pilocarpine (LiCl-PILO) in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. The rats were divided into control group, epileptic SE group and baicalein intervention group. Morris water maze (MWM) test, Nissl staining, immunofluorescence and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used to detect cognitive functions and neuronal damage. Online sites, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and western blotting were used to identify DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1)-mediated methylation of gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor subunit delta (GABRD) promoter region.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Baicalein treatment significantly prolonged the latency of SE onset and seizure onset, and improved the development of epilepsy. Meanwhile, baicalein improved the cognitive impairment in rats induced by LiCl-PILO. After treatment with baicalein, a sustained elevation in the number of neurons and NeuN levels was observed, along with a decrease in the contents of tumor necrosis factor -alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba-1) in the hippocampus. Mechanistically, baicalein interacted with DNMT1 to suppress GABRD promoter region methylation, thus increasing GABRD protein level in the hippocampus of rats induced by LiCl-PILO.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study identifies DNMT1/GABRD axis as a novel epigenetic target for epilepsy intervention. Baicalein's ability to enhance tonic inhibition through demethylation of GABRD provides a groundbreaking strategy for drug-resistant epilepsy.</p>","PeriodicalId":19596,"journal":{"name":"Organogenesis","volume":"21 1","pages":"2519607"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12203850/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144497584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cortical contribution related to top-down regulation in tone perception.","authors":"Xiaotong Zhang, Yuting Tang, Houmin Wang, Zijian Huang, Wahou Tai, Soitou Wong, Zhuoming Chen, Jinyi Long","doi":"10.1007/s11571-025-10314-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11571-025-10314-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The top-down regulation of prior content facilitates the efficiency of following speech perception through the theta-band synchronization between higher-level cognitive regions and lower-level phonetic processing areas. However, how this regulation affects tone processing and its corresponding functional pathway remains unknown. In this study, we conducted three different auditory oddball paradigms which differed in prior constraints among Mandarin Chinese speakers. We calculated the amplitude of P3 differences caused by tone variations to evaluate the efficiency of tone processing within each paradigm. Theta-band functional connectivity (FC) related to lower-level phonetic processing areas was also analyzed at the source level to identify the specific top-down regulation loop. Our results showed that top-down regulation effects modulated responses to upcoming tonal processing reflected by smaller P3 amplitude differences with the occurrence of semantic priming. Results of FC analysis revealed different corresponding cortical contributions depending on priming content. Semantic-driven top-down regulation enhances FC between the the left caudal middle frontal gyrus and lower-level phonetic processing area. Moreover, when the prior constraint is semantically violated, enhanced FC between the left pars triangularis and the left supramarginal gyrus with lower-level phonetic processing regions were seen. Our study provides neurophysiological insights into the effects of top-down regulation on tone perception.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11571-025-10314-1.</p>","PeriodicalId":10500,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Neurodynamics","volume":"19 1","pages":"125"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12334393/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144815998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sound intensity-dependent cortical activation: implications of the electrical and vascular activity on auditory intensity.","authors":"Vanesa Muñoz, Brenda Y Angulo-Ruiz, Carlos M Gómez","doi":"10.1007/s11571-025-10281-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11571-025-10281-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recent studies combining electroencephalography (EEG) and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) have shown promising results linking neural and vascular responses. This study analyzes the topographical effect of auditory stimulus intensity on cortical activation and explores neurovascular coupling between fNIRS hemodynamic signals and auditory-evoked potentials (AEPs), extracted from EEG. Forty healthy volunteers (13 males, 27 females; mean age = 22.27 ± 3.96 years) listened to complex tones of varying intensities (50-, 70-, and 90-dB SPL) across seven frequencies (range of 400-2750 Hz) in blocks of five, while EEG and fNIRS were recorded. PERMANOVA analysis revealed that increasing intensity modulated hemodynamic activity, leading to amplitude changes and enhanced recruitment of auditory and prefrontal cortices. To isolate stimulus-specific activity, Spearman correlations were computed on residuals-components of AEPs and fNIRS responses with individual trends removed. The N1 amplitude increase was correlated with higher superior temporal gyrus (STG) and superior frontal gyrus (SFG) activity, and reduced activity in inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) for the oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO), while the deoxygenated hemoglobin (HbR) was associated with increased activity in one channel near the Supramarginal Gyrus (SMG). P2 amplitude increase was associated with higher activation in SFG and IFG for HbO, while for HbR with the activity in SMG, angular gyrus (AnG), SFG, and IFG. Additionally, internal correlations between fNIRS channels revealed strong associations within auditory and frontal regions. These findings provide insights into existing models of neurovascular coupling by showing how stimulus properties, such as intensity, modulate the relationship between neural activity and vascular responses.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11571-025-10281-7.</p>","PeriodicalId":10500,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Neurodynamics","volume":"19 1","pages":"88"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12149058/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144265519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}