Alyssa R Palmer, Amanda W Kalstabakken, Rebecca Distefano, Stephanie M Carlson, Samuel P Putnam, Ann S Masten
{"title":"A short executive functioning questionnaire in the context of early childhood screening: psychometric properties.","authors":"Alyssa R Palmer, Amanda W Kalstabakken, Rebecca Distefano, Stephanie M Carlson, Samuel P Putnam, Ann S Masten","doi":"10.1080/09297049.2024.2329435","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09297049.2024.2329435","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Early childhood executive functioning (EF) predicts later adjustment and academic achievement. However, measuring EF consistently and efficiently across settings in early childhood can be challenging. Most researchers use task-based measures of EF, but these methods present practical challenges that impede implementation in some settings. The current study of 380 3-5-year-old children in the United States evaluated the psychometric properties of a new 14-item parent-reported measure of EF in a diverse urban school district. This questionnaire aimed to capture a normative range of EF skills in ecologically valid contexts. There was evidence for two specific subscales - one that measures children's EF challenges and another that measures children's EF skills. Results suggested that several items demonstrated differential item functioning by age and race. After adjusting for measurement differences across demographic groups and controlling for age at screening, the EF challenges subscale was more strongly related to task-based measures of EF than was the EF skills subscale. EF challenges predicted third-grade math achievement, controlling for demographic variables and a performance-based measure of children's early cognitive and academic skills. Results suggest that this parent report of EF could be a useful and effective early childhood screening tool.</p>","PeriodicalId":9789,"journal":{"name":"Child Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"1-30"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11451573/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140173898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jon Willie Goodwin, Lauren Hopkins, Amy Lynn Conrad
{"title":"White matter tract integrity in isolated oral clefts: relationship to cognition and reading skills.","authors":"Jon Willie Goodwin, Lauren Hopkins, Amy Lynn Conrad","doi":"10.1080/09297049.2024.2330725","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09297049.2024.2330725","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Children with isolated cleft of the lip and/or palate (iCL/P) have been shown to be at risk for impaired reading ability. Structural and functional neuroimaging studies have revealed subtle morphological and functional abnormalities correlated to cognition and reading ability. However, the integrity of white matter tracts and their potential relationship to reading performance in iCL/P is under-studied. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate white matter integrity related to cognition and reading skills among participants with and without iCL/P. Data from two cross-sectional, case/control studies with similar neuropsychological batteries and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) protocols were combined. The final sample included 210 participants (ages 7 to 27 years). Group and sex differences in fractional anisotropy (FA) values were examined between participants with (<i>n</i> = 105) and without (<i>n</i> = 105) iCL/P. Potential associations between FA values and age, cognition, and reading skills were also evaluated separately by group and sex. Sex effects were prominent in association and projection fibers, and effects of cleft status were found in association fibers and cerebellar regions, with isolated associations to reading skills. Findings provide preliminary understanding of microstructural associations to cognitive and reading performance among children, adolescents, and young adults with iCL/P.</p>","PeriodicalId":9789,"journal":{"name":"Child Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"1-22"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11411015/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140157642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The relevance of motor sequence and visual perception skills in learning Chinese handwriting.","authors":"Shao-Hsia Chang, Ting-Yu Lin, Jung-Jiun Shie, Nan-Ying Yu","doi":"10.1080/09297049.2024.2328374","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09297049.2024.2328374","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study explored visual perception skills and the ability to write according to standard stroke order and their links to the learning of Chinese handwriting. Thirty-seven children (aged 6-8) (15 boys and 22 girls) participated in a handwriting test and visual perception evaluation (Test of Visual Perceptual Skills-3rd Edition, TVPS-3). A computerized system was used to evaluate the stroke order accuracy, legibility, and automation of stroke movements. The stroke order accuracy was found to positively correlate with the scores of TVPS-3 (<i>r</i> = .498, <i>p</i> < .05) and to significantly correlate with handwriting legibility (<i>r</i> = .435, <i>p</i> < .05) as well as the automation of stroke movements (<i>r</i> = .494, <i>p</i> < .01). This study revealed that visual perception skill is related to stroke order accuracy and provides directions to assist students who encounter difficulties in learning Chinese handwriting.</p>","PeriodicalId":9789,"journal":{"name":"Child Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140142888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jerome Marquet-Doleac, Maelle Biotteau, Marie Tardy, Marion Broquere, Emmanuelle Marizy, Nathalie Faure-Marie, Noemie Lafin, Sebastien Dejean, Yves Chaix
{"title":"PENDAH program for parents with children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. French adaptation of a behavioral parent training group: pilot study.","authors":"Jerome Marquet-Doleac, Maelle Biotteau, Marie Tardy, Marion Broquere, Emmanuelle Marizy, Nathalie Faure-Marie, Noemie Lafin, Sebastien Dejean, Yves Chaix","doi":"10.1080/09297049.2024.2326246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09297049.2024.2326246","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Behavioral parent training (BPT) is recognized as an effective part of the care offered to children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The aim of this pilot study was to objectively examine the effect that this intervention may have on motor activity, in addition to the measures classically found in this type of study. Parents of 24 school-aged children (6-12 year) with ADHD who met eligibility criteria were enrolled in the study. Before, after and five months after the intervention, we used three-dimensional accelerometers over one-week periods to measure the children's motor activity, and questionnaires for parental stress, quality of life, ADHD symptoms, anxiety and sensory disorders. To measure motor activity, a control group of normotypic children matched for age, sex and socio-professional category was set up. The experimental group showed slight decreases in motor activity compared with the control group, particularly in the classroom. The intervention showed improvements for parents in average stress and quality of life, and for children in average intensity global ADHD symptom, inattention, opposition and aggression, in line with previous studies on the effectiveness of BPT. The trial is the first clinical study to assess the effects of BPT on motor activity in children with ADHD.</p>","PeriodicalId":9789,"journal":{"name":"Child Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"1-26"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140058757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mia A McLean, Joanne Weinberg, Anne R Synnes, Steven P Miller, Ruth E Grunau
{"title":"Relationships between cortisol levels across early childhood and processing speed at age 4.5 years in children born very preterm.","authors":"Mia A McLean, Joanne Weinberg, Anne R Synnes, Steven P Miller, Ruth E Grunau","doi":"10.1080/09297049.2024.2314958","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09297049.2024.2314958","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Children born very low gestational age (VLGA, 29-32 weeks gestational age [GA]) display slower processing speed and altered hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis function, with greater effects in those born extremely low gestational age (ELGA; 24-28 weeks GA). We investigated trajectories of HPA axis activity as indexed by cortisol output and patterns across cognitive assessment at ages 1.5, 3 and 4.5 years, comparing children born ELGA and VLGA and associations with 4.5-year processing speed. In a prospective longitudinal cohort study, infants born very preterm (<33 weeks gestation) returned for developmental assessment at ages 1.5, 3, and 4.5 years. At each age, children completed standardized cognitive testing and saliva samples collected before (Pretest), during (During) and after (End) challenging cognitive tasks were assayed for cortisol. For the total group (<i>n</i> = 188), cortisol area under the curve with respect to ground (AUCg) decreased, while cortisol reactivity to challenge (Pre-test to During) increased from 1.5 to 3 years, remaining stable to 4.5 years. This longitudinal pattern was related to higher Processing Speed (WPPSI-IV) scores at 4.5 years. Children born ELGA displayed higher AUCg than VLGA, particularly at age 3, driven by higher Pre-test cortisol levels. Overall, relative to those born VLGA, children born ELGA displayed greater cortisol responsivity to cognitive challenge. A higher setpoint of cortisol levels at age 3-years in children born ELGA may reflect altered HPA axis regulation more broadly and may contribute to difficulties with information processing in this population, critical for academic and social success.</p>","PeriodicalId":9789,"journal":{"name":"Child Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"1-19"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139971108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Connectivity-based neuromarker for children's inhibitory control ability and its relevance to body mass index.","authors":"Jinfeng Han, Kaixiang Zhuang, Ximei Chen, Mingyue Xiao, Yong Liu, Shiqing Song, Xiao Gao, Hong Chen","doi":"10.1080/09297049.2024.2314956","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09297049.2024.2314956","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Preserving a normal body mass index (BMI) is crucial for the healthy growth and development of children. As a core aspect of executive functions, inhibitory control plays a pivotal role in maintaining a normal BMI, which is key to preventing issues of childhood obesity. By studying individual variations in inhibitory control performance and its associated connectivity-based neuromarker in a sample of primary school students (<i>N</i> = 64; 9-12 yr), we aimed to unravel the pathway through which inhibitory control impacts children's BMI. Utilizing resting-state functional MRI scans and a connectivity-based psychometric prediction framework, we found that enhanced inhibitory control abilities were primarily associated with increased functional connectivity in brain structures vital to executive functions, such as the superior frontal lobule, superior parietal lobule, and posterior cingulate cortex. Conversely, inhibitory control abilities displayed a negative relationship with functional connectivity originating from reward-related brain structures, such as the orbital frontal and ventral medial prefrontal lobes. Furthermore, we revealed that both inhibitory control and its corresponding neuromarker can moderate the association between food-related delayed gratification and BMI in children. However, only the neuromarker of inhibitory control maintained its moderating effect on children's future BMI, as determined in the follow-up after one year. Overall, our findings shed light on the potential mechanisms of how inhibitory control in children impacts BMI, highlighting the utility of the connectivity-based neuromarker of inhibitory control in the context of childhood obesity.</p>","PeriodicalId":9789,"journal":{"name":"Child Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"1-18"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139905179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lisa M Gies, James D Lynch, KellyAnn Bonanno, Nanhua Zhang, Keith Owen Yeates, H Gerry Taylor, Shari L Wade
{"title":"Differences between parent- and teacher-reported executive functioning behaviors after traumatic injuries.","authors":"Lisa M Gies, James D Lynch, KellyAnn Bonanno, Nanhua Zhang, Keith Owen Yeates, H Gerry Taylor, Shari L Wade","doi":"10.1080/09297049.2024.2314957","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09297049.2024.2314957","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Deficits in executive functioning (EF) behaviors are very common following pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI) and can linger well after acute injury recovery. Raters from multiple settings provide information that may not be appreciated otherwise. We examined differences between parent and teacher ratings of EF using data examining longitudinal outcomes following pediatric TBI in comparison to orthopedic injury (OI). We used linear mixed models to determine the association of rater type and injury type with scores on the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Functioning (BRIEF). After controlling for demographic variables, rater type and injury type accounted for a small but significant proportion of the variance in EF. Teachers' ratings on the BRIEF were significantly higher than parent ratings for global EF and metacognition, but not for behavior regulation, regardless of injury type, indicating greater EF concerns. All BRIEF ratings, whether from teachers or parents, were higher for children with TBI than for those with OI. Results suggest that parents and teachers provide unique information regarding EF following traumatic injuries and that obtaining ratings from persons who observe children at school as well as at home can result in a better understanding of situation-specific variability in outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":9789,"journal":{"name":"Child Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11323218/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139721804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Child NeuropsychologyPub Date : 2024-02-01Epub Date: 2023-02-21DOI: 10.1080/09297049.2023.2181944
Tess S Simpson, Daniel R Leopold, Pamela E Wilson, Robin L Peterson
{"title":"Cognitive disengagement syndrome in pediatric spina bifida.","authors":"Tess S Simpson, Daniel R Leopold, Pamela E Wilson, Robin L Peterson","doi":"10.1080/09297049.2023.2181944","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09297049.2023.2181944","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The primary aim of this study was to characterize Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome (CDS) symptomatology in youth with spina bifida (SB). One hundred and sixty-nine patients aged 5-19 years old were drawn from clinical cases seen through a multidisciplinary outpatient SB clinic at a children's hospital between 2017 and 2019. Parent-reported CDS and inattention were measured using Penny's Sluggish Cognitive Tempo Scale and the Vanderbilt ADHD Rating Scale. Self-reported internalizing symptoms were measured with the 25-item Revised Children's Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS-25). We replicated Penny's proposed 3-factor structure of CDS with <i>slow</i>, <i>sleepy</i>, and <i>daydreamer</i> components. The <i>slow</i> component of CDS overlapped heavily with inattention, while the <i>sleepy</i> and <i>daydreamer</i> components were distinct from inattention and internalizing symptoms. Eighteen percent (22 of 122) of the full sample met criteria for elevated CDS, and 39% (9 of 22) of those patients did not meet criteria for elevated inattention. Diagnosis of myelomeningocele and presence of a shunt were associated with greater CDS symptoms. CDS can be measured reliably in youth with SB and can be discriminated from inattention and internalizing symptoms in this population. ADHD rating scale measures fail to identify a substantial portion of the SB population with attention-related challenges. Standard screening for CDS symptoms in SB clinics may be important to help identify clinically impairing symptoms and design targeted treatment plans.</p>","PeriodicalId":9789,"journal":{"name":"Child Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"87-104"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10440368/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10399312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Child NeuropsychologyPub Date : 2024-02-01Epub Date: 2023-02-24DOI: 10.1080/09297049.2023.2181946
Cidney R Robertson-Benta, Sharvani Pabbathi Reddy, David D Stephenson, Veronik Sicard, Danielle C Hergert, Andrew B Dodd, Richard A Campbell, John P Phillips, Timothy B Meier, Davin K Quinn, Andrew R Mayer
{"title":"Cognition and post-concussive symptom status after pediatric mild traumatic brain injury.","authors":"Cidney R Robertson-Benta, Sharvani Pabbathi Reddy, David D Stephenson, Veronik Sicard, Danielle C Hergert, Andrew B Dodd, Richard A Campbell, John P Phillips, Timothy B Meier, Davin K Quinn, Andrew R Mayer","doi":"10.1080/09297049.2023.2181946","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09297049.2023.2181946","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cognitive impairment and post-concussive symptoms (PCS) represent hallmark sequelae of pediatric mild traumatic brain injury (pmTBI). Few studies have directly compared cognition as a function of PCS status longitudinally. Cognitive outcomes were therefore compared for asymptomatic pmTBI, symptomatic pmTBI, and healthy controls (HC) during sub-acute (SA; 1-11 days) and early chronic (EC; approximately 4 months) post-injury phases. We predicted worse cognitive performance for both pmTBI groups relative to HC at the SA visit. At the EC visit, we predicted continued impairment from the symptomatic group, but no difference between asymptomatic pmTBI and HCs. A battery of clinical (semi-structured interviews and self-report questionnaires) and neuropsychological measures were administered to 203 pmTBI and 139 HC participants, with greater than 80% retention at the EC visit. A standardized change method classified pmTBI into binary categories of asymptomatic or symptomatic based on PCS scores. Symptomatic pmTBI performed significantly worse than HCs on processing speed, attention, and verbal memory at SA visit, whereas lower performance was only present for verbal memory for asymptomatic pmTBI. Lower performance in verbal memory persisted for both pmTBI groups at the EC visit. Surprisingly, a minority (16%) of pmTBI switched from asymptomatic to symptomatic status at the EC visit. Current findings suggest that PCS and cognition are more closely coupled during the first week of injury but become decoupled several months post-injury. Evidence of lower performance in verbal memory for both asymptomatic and symptomatic pmTBI suggests that cognitive recovery may be a process separate from the resolution of subjective symptomology.</p>","PeriodicalId":9789,"journal":{"name":"Child Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"203-220"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10447629/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10060172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Child NeuropsychologyPub Date : 2024-02-01Epub Date: 2023-01-30DOI: 10.1080/09297049.2023.2172150
Clara Chavez Arana, Marinus H van IJzendoorn, Carlos A Serrano-Juarez, Sarah S W de Pauw, Peter Prinzie
{"title":"[Formula: see text] Interventions to improve executive functions in children and adolescents with acquired brain injury: a systematic review and multilevel meta-analysis.","authors":"Clara Chavez Arana, Marinus H van IJzendoorn, Carlos A Serrano-Juarez, Sarah S W de Pauw, Peter Prinzie","doi":"10.1080/09297049.2023.2172150","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09297049.2023.2172150","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To investigate the effectiveness of interventions aiming to improve hot and cold executive functions (EFs) in children and adolescents with acquired brain injury (ABI) and to examine whether characteristics of the intervention, participants, etiology of ABI (Traumatic-brain-injury [TBI] or non-TBI), time of assessment, or study quality moderate intervention effects. Whereas cold EFs refer to purely cognitive EFs, hot EFs refer to the affective aspects of these cognitive skills. A total of 970 participants from 23 randomized-controlled-trial studies (112 effect sizes [ES]) were included. A three-level random effects approach (studies, ES, individual participants) was used. Moderation analyses were conducted through meta-regressions. The three-level random effects model showed a better fit than the two-level model. Almost all individual studies showed non-significant ES across outcomes but in combination interventions were effective (Cohen's d = 0.38, CI 0.16 ~ 0.61). Lower methodological quality, inclusion of participants with non-TBI, and parental participation predicted larger ES. Participants' age, time of assessment, number of sessions, and focus on hot or cold EFs were not related to ES. We found no evidence of publication bias. Interventions are effective with small to medium ES according to conventional criteria. Intervention effects do not seem to fade away with time. Parent participation in the intervention is important to improve EFs. The efficacy of interventions seems larger when non-TBI is part of the etiology of ABI. Variation between studies is relevant for tracing the effective intervention characteristics. Most studies are conducted in adolescence, and studies in early childhood are needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":9789,"journal":{"name":"Child Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"164-187"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10641244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}