Child NeuropsychologyPub Date : 2026-08-01Epub Date: 2026-01-25DOI: 10.1080/09297049.2026.2618198
Justine Ledochowski, Sarah I Mossad, Tala El Tal, Ibrahim Mohamed, Lawrence Ng, Asha Jeyanathan, Adrienne Davis, Linda T Hiraki, Deborah Levy, Ashley Danguecan, Andrea Knight
{"title":"Agreement between parent- and self-report of executive functioning in childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus: implications for clinical practice.","authors":"Justine Ledochowski, Sarah I Mossad, Tala El Tal, Ibrahim Mohamed, Lawrence Ng, Asha Jeyanathan, Adrienne Davis, Linda T Hiraki, Deborah Levy, Ashley Danguecan, Andrea Knight","doi":"10.1080/09297049.2026.2618198","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09297049.2026.2618198","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disorder, with childhood onset (cSLE) impacting 15-20% of all individuals with SLE. Cognitive dysfunction, including difficulties with executive functioning (EF), affects 30-70% of individuals with cSLE. EF describes cognitive processes that support goal-directed behavior and contributes to capacity for disease self-management and quality of life. Standardized questionnaires provide clinically valuable information about parental observations and adolescent's self-awareness, however, agreement between adolescent and parent ratings is not yet well understood in cSLE. Thirty-six adolescent-parent dyads completed the Behavior Inventory of Executive Function, Second Edition (BRIEF-2). Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) indicated moderate agreement among most indices and subscales, with the exception of the Emotional Regulation Index and Shift subscale. However, mean T-score comparisons showed that adolescents rated themselves as having significantly greater difficulties compared to parent report on the Global Executive Composite, Behavioral Regulation Index, and Cognitive Regulation Index and the Inhibit, Emotional Control, Working Memory and Planning/Organization subscales. Our findings demonstrate that alongside parental report, considering the adolescent's own perspective of their cognitive functioning is an essential part of assessing EF in cSLE.</p>","PeriodicalId":9789,"journal":{"name":"Child Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"801-820"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146046203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Development and validation of a screener for English learning difficulties among Chinese second-language learners.","authors":"Kevin Chan, Pui Sze Yeung, Kevin Kien Hoa Chung","doi":"10.1080/09297049.2026.2709443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09297049.2026.2709443","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Early identification of English learning difficulties (ELD) is essential for providing timely intervention for Chinese students learning English as a second language (ESL). Although standardized assessments offer comprehensive cognitive-linguistic profiles, their lengthy administration time limits their use for universal screening. Grounded in the Component Model of Reading, this study developed and validated the Hong Kong Behaviour Checklist of English Learning Difficulties for Junior Primary School Students (Primary 2 and 3) (BCL‑PE(J)), a 20‑item teacher‑rated checklist that can be completed in under 10 minutes. Participants were 331 Primary 2 and 3 Chinese students learning ESL and their English teachers from 16 local primary schools in Hong Kong. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses supported a theoretically coherent four‑factor structure encompassing reading and spelling, writing, oral communication, and attention and memory, reflecting both literacy and non‑literacy components of English learning. The BCL‑PE(J) demonstrated excellent internal consistency, as well as strong convergent and discriminant validity. Logistic regression and Receiver Operating Characteristic analyses showed that the BCL‑PE(J) significantly predicted ELD status as identified by the Hong Kong Test of English Reading and Writing for Junior Primary School Students (Primary 2 and 3). An optimal cut‑off score of 46 yielded high sensitivity (89%) and moderate specificity (60%), prioritizing the identification of at‑risk students and minimizing false negatives within a Tier 1 Response to Intervention framework. Overall, the findings indicate that the BCL‑PE(J) is a psychometrically robust and time‑efficient universal screener that effectively bridges classroom‑based teacher observation and subsequent comprehensive identification of ELD in Chinese ESL learners.</p>","PeriodicalId":9789,"journal":{"name":"Child Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"1-21"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148599672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hamid Kaddouri, Salahddine Zerouali, Mohammed Bouayad, Hamza Tkhirfah, Abdelouahed El-Kamia, Abdelaziz ElAlaoui ElAmrani
{"title":"Structured sport and executive functions in Moroccan children: a seven-indicator analysis comparing soccer, taekwondo, and non-athletes.","authors":"Hamid Kaddouri, Salahddine Zerouali, Mohammed Bouayad, Hamza Tkhirfah, Abdelouahed El-Kamia, Abdelaziz ElAlaoui ElAmrani","doi":"10.1080/09297049.2026.2703820","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09297049.2026.2703820","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This cross-sectional study examined whether structured sport participation is selectively associated with specific executive function (EF) components in preadolescent children. Participants were 120 Moroccan boys aged 8-12 years: soccer players (<i>n</i> = 30), taekwondo practitioners (<i>n</i> = 30), and non-athletes (<i>n</i> = 60). Seven EF indicators were analyzed separately (verbal and spatial updating, inhibitory control speed and accuracy, cognitive flexibility, and verbal and spatial storage) using culturally adapted neuropsychological instruments administered in Moroccan Arabic. ANCOVAs controlling for age revealed significant group differences in inhibition accuracy (η<sup>2</sup><i>p</i> = .233), cognitive flexibility (η<sup>2</sup><i>p</i> = .114), and both updating indicators (η<sup>2</sup><i>p</i> = .074-.081), but not in passive storage (η<sup>2</sup><i>p</i> < .03). A speed - accuracy trade-off emerged: athletes responded more slowly but committed significantly fewer Stroop errors. Soccer and taekwondo groups showed equivalent EF profiles on six of seven indicators, challenging the open-versus-closed-skill specificity hypothesis and consistent with a cognitive engagement account. Sport group explained 23.2% unique variance in inhibition accuracy beyond age. These findings indicate selective associations between structured sport and executive-demanding processes, not passive storage, and carry implications for neuropsychological assessment in sport-participating children. The cross-sectional design precludes causal inference; longitudinal and experimental research is needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":9789,"journal":{"name":"Child Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"1-22"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148599623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Monica Y Garza Saenz, Ila A Iverson, Beatriz MacDonald, Sari Bar, Ellen Greenwald, Ana El-Behadli, Veronica Bordes Edgar
{"title":"The use of mindfulness based interventions for school-aged children with ADHD in the United States - a literature review.","authors":"Monica Y Garza Saenz, Ila A Iverson, Beatriz MacDonald, Sari Bar, Ellen Greenwald, Ana El-Behadli, Veronica Bordes Edgar","doi":"10.1080/09297049.2026.2706034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09297049.2026.2706034","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most commonly diagnosed chronic childhood disorders in the United States (U.S.). Children with ADHD struggle to function across multiple settings and undermanaged symptoms can impact academic performance, home life, and social conduct. Mindfulness-Based Interventions (MBIs) have been increasingly proposed as a non-pharmacological treatment for ADHD among children globally. However, the application and adaptation of MBIs for the management of ADHD in children in the U.S. is in the early stages of development and study. The purpose of this literature review was to examine the description, presentation, and implementation of MBIs employed in the U.S. to manage ADHD symptoms in school-aged children. A total of six studies were identified and included. Several studies included in this review suggest that there is preliminary support for the use of MBIs to reduce hyperactive and inattentive symptoms among children with ADHD in the U.S. However, limitations such as small, unrepresentative samples sizes and a lack of inclusion control groups in several reviewed studies indicate that while MBIs may be effective as adjunctive treatment for ADHD, they are not yet a generalizable, evidence-based treatment method for children with ADHD. Larger scale, longitudinal studies, particularly among diverse populations and in rural locations, could serve to bolster the evidence base for MBIs among children with ADHD in the U.S.</p>","PeriodicalId":9789,"journal":{"name":"Child Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"1-21"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148560990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Latent profiles of digital technology use and their relation to executive functions.","authors":"Rosario Gelpi-Trudo, Hernán López-Morales, Camila Belén Arias, Ornella Bruna, Rodrigo Sánchez, Santiago Vernucci, Lorena Canet-Juric","doi":"10.1080/09297049.2026.2705257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09297049.2026.2705257","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In recent decades, the use of digital technologies has become ubiquitous in children's lives, raising debates about their potential effects on cognitive development. Among the most studied domains are executive functions (EF); however, empirical evidence on this relationship remains mixed, partly due to the prevailing tendency to assess technology use through unidimensional indicators. Current research recommends adopting methods that capture the complexity of technology use, such as person-centered approaches. The present study aimed to identify profiles of technology use among Argentine children aged 9 to 12 years and to examine their differences in EF. Based on measures of recreational screen time (self- and parent-reported), frequency of social and recreational use, and symptoms of problematic use, a latent profile analysis was conducted with a sample of 223 participants. Four distinct profiles were identified: low, moderate - social, moderate - recreational, and high-problematic use. Male gender and lower socioeconomic status were associated with a higher likelihood of belonging to the high-problematic profile. No significant differences were found in EF performance. These findings highlight the heterogeneity of children's digital habits and challenge deterministic perspectives on technology use among younger generations.</p>","PeriodicalId":9789,"journal":{"name":"Child Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"1-28"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148535486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cheryl R Stein, Sarah Powell, Jeniece Ilkowitz, Becky Lois, Mary Pat Gallagher
{"title":"Associations between executive function skills and health-related quality of life among children living with type 1 diabetes.","authors":"Cheryl R Stein, Sarah Powell, Jeniece Ilkowitz, Becky Lois, Mary Pat Gallagher","doi":"10.1080/09297049.2026.2701328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09297049.2026.2701328","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There is limited understanding of modifiable factors influencing health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among children living with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Executive function skills may be a relevant factor because they underpin the ability to successfully orchestrate T1D self-management. We examined the association between executive functioning and HRQoL among 10-17 year old children living with T1D for more than six months. Caregivers and children (<i>n</i> = 41) completed assessments to measure the child's executive function skills and child and caregiver HRQoL. Linear regression models estimated adjusted betas and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for associations between child executive functioning and child and caregiver HRQoL. In adjusted models, worse executive functioning skills were associated with worse HRQoL. This pattern was consistent across caregiver and child report of the child's executive functioning, caregiver and child report of the child's HRQoL, and caregiver report of their own HRQoL. Further investigation is needed to understand how executive functioning and HRQoL are related in this population, as well as whether educating families on the role of executive functioning in diabetes self-management could improve HRQoL within the family ecosystem.</p>","PeriodicalId":9789,"journal":{"name":"Child Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148519800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Emotion regulation, empathy, and theory of mind in children with childhood-onset fluency disorder: a multidimensional social-cognitive perspective.","authors":"Berkan Şahin, Bedia Sultan Önal, Esra Hoşoğlu","doi":"10.1080/09297049.2026.2706028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09297049.2026.2706028","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Stuttering is increasingly recognized as a neurodevelopmental condition extending beyond speech-motor disruptions to include socio-emotional and social-cognitive processes. This study examined emotion regulation, empathy, and theory of mind (ToM) in children who stutter (CWS) compared to typically developing peers. Eighty school-aged children (41 CWS, 39 children who do not stutter [CWNS]) were assessed using the Emotion Regulation Checklist (ERC), Bryant Index of Empathy (BIE), and Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test - Child Version (RMET-C). CWS demonstrated significantly greater emotion regulation difficulties (higher Lability/Negativity and total ERC scores; all <i>p</i> < 0.001), lower empathy (<i>p</i> < 0.001), and poorer ToM performance (<i>p</i> < 0.001) than CWNS. False Discovery Rate-corrected item-level analyses identified five RMET-C items on which CWS showed reduced accuracy, spanning affectively valenced states (worried, carefree, friendly) and cognitively complex mental states (thinking about something, certain). A sensitivity analysis excluding CWS with comorbid ADHD (<i>n</i> = 31) replicated all primary findings. Within the CWS group, female gender (<i>p</i> = 0.003) and higher maternal education (<i>p</i> = 0.001) predicted greater empathy, whereas psychiatric comorbidity predicted lower empathy (<i>p</i> = 0.022) and greater emotion regulation difficulties (<i>p</i> = 0.008). Stuttering severity was not associated with any socio-emotional outcome (all <i>p</i> > 0.05). These findings suggest that CWS experience significant socio-emotional and social-cognitive difficulties independent of disfluency severity. Multidimensional assessment and intervention addressing emotion regulation and social cognition alongside speech fluency may support optimal developmental outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":9789,"journal":{"name":"Child Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148519813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"False information and decision-making in preschoolers.","authors":"Nancy Garon, Emily E Stubbert, Lauren M West","doi":"10.1080/09297049.2026.2703092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09297049.2026.2703092","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The main goal of the study was to explore the effect of false information on decision-making in preschoolers. One-hundred-and-thirteen preschoolers (<i>M</i><sub><i>age</i></sub> = 48 months, <i>SD</i><sub><i>age</i></sub> = 6 months) were given false information at different time points during a child-adapted Iowa Gambling task (IGT). Children were divided into three decision-making groups based on decision-making strategies in the early part of the game. Findings indicated a robust effect of false information on decision-making with children making significantly more disadvantageous choices following false information. Early explicit knowledge of the game moderated the effect of false information, suggesting that an initial correct belief has a protective effect on the impact of false information. Decision-making group membership moderated responses to false information, but the effect of false information was not persistent. Moreover, analysis of the trials following false information indicated that most children were correctly re-classified into their initial decision-making group. This finding indicates that there is a great deal of individual variability in children's responses to false information and that much of this variability can be attributed to initial decision-making strategies and early awareness of the game.</p>","PeriodicalId":9789,"journal":{"name":"Child Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"1-34"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148454820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Duration-specific time perception impairments in adolescents with ADHD: links to executive function and symptom dimensions.","authors":"Ummugulsum Gundogdu, Gizem Pehlivan Çoruhlu, Hatice Ezgi Birik, Beyza Kuyumcu, Nese Perdahli Fis","doi":"10.1080/09297049.2026.2703819","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09297049.2026.2703819","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Difficulties in temporal processing (TP) are frequently reported in individuals with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), yet adolescents remain underexamined despite their critical role in executive maturation. This study investigated whether adolescents with ADHD exhibit domain-specific TP impairments and whether executive functions (EF) and ADHD symptom dimensions predict temporal performance. Fifty-four adolescents aged 12-18 years (27 ADHD, 27 controls) completed a Duration Discrimination Task, a Time Reproduction Task (1000-5000 ms), and a 53-second Time Estimation Task. EF was assessed via the Barkley Deficits in Executive Functioning Scale-Children and Adolescents (BDEFS-CA), and ADHD symptoms through the SNAP-IV. Adolescents with ADHD showed selective impairments in time reproduction, consistently under-reproducing 1000, 3000, 4000, and 5000 ms intervals compared to controls (<i>p</i> = .048-.001), whereas performance on the 2000 ms interval, discrimination thresholds, and the Time Estimation Task did not differ significantly between groups. Regression analyses indicated that higher executive dysfunction was significantly associated with elevated discrimination thresholds in the 100 ms task, even after accounting for covariates (<i>p</i> < .05). Furthermore, regardless of group or demographics, attention problems appeared to be linked with a tendency to underestimate durations in the 53-second task. These findings suggest that temporal processing deficits in ADHD may not be monolithic, but rather closely intertwined with specific attentional and executive control mechanisms. Consequently, the study underscores the potential value of incorporating temporal monitoring and organizational strategies into clinical interventions to better support the developmental trajectory of adolescents with ADHD.</p>","PeriodicalId":9789,"journal":{"name":"Child Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"1-20"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148444705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Psychometric properties and normative data of the TEFEA: a confirmatory factor analysis and measurement invariance by gender, school and age in Colombian adolescents.","authors":"Javier Humberto Parra-Pulido","doi":"10.1080/09297049.2026.2700210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09297049.2026.2700210","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties and generate normative data of the <i>Executive Functions Assessment Test for Adolescents</i> (TEFEA) using a multivariate regression-based approach in Colombian adolescents. The study sample consisted in 466 healthy students from high schools and universities in Casanare (Colombia), aged 15-19 years (<i>M</i>=16.25; SD=1.2). Content validity was examined using Fleiss' Kappa, while construct validity and measurement invariance were assessed through CFA of a three-factor model across sex, age, and institution type. Convergent validity was evaluated with EFECO scores, and reliability was estimated using Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega. Results indicated adequate content validity, with moderate to almost perfect agreement (κ >.41). The three-factor model showed superior fit (CMIN/DF=2.34, CFI=0.97, TLI=0.96, RMSEA=0.05, AIC=281.48) compared to the unidimensional model. Configural, metric, and scalar invariance were achieved (ΔCFI < 0.01; ΔRMSEA < 0.015). Significant correlations with EFECO (<i>p</i> < .05) supported convergent validity, and reliability was adequate to high (α and ω >.70). Regression-based norms enhance the clinical applicability of the test; overall, TEFEA proves valid and reliable for assessing executive functions in Colombian adolescents.</p>","PeriodicalId":9789,"journal":{"name":"Child Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"1-40"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148429978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}