Nigerian medical journal : journal of the Nigeria Medical Association最新文献

{"title":"Comparative Efficacies of Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) and Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) in Treatment-Resistant Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial in Nigeria.","authors":"Abdullahi Abdulwahab Yakubu, Summayyah Muhammad Bashar, Audu Ishaq Aveka, Bashir Adam Yakasai","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) poses significant challenges globally, particularly in low-resource settings. While electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) remains the standard for TRD, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) offers a non-invasive alternative. This study compared short- and long-term efficacy and safety of ECT versus rTMS among Nigerian patients with TRD.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>In a randomized, rater-blinded trial, 40 adults with TRD received either ECT (n=20; bilateral, twice weekly for 3 weeks) or high-frequency rTMS (n=20; left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, 3000 pulses/session, 5 sessions/week for 6 weeks). Depression severity (HAM-D) was assessed at baseline, weeks 2, 4, 6, and at 6 and 12 months.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both interventions significantly reduced HAM-D scores (p<0.001). ECT showed faster early improvement (Week 4: ECT=10.30±2.84, rTMS=12.25±2.99; p<0.001), with comparable outcomes at Week 6 (ECT=4.30±2.23, rTMS=4.40±2.35; p=0.89). However, rTMS demonstrated superior long-term control at 6 months (4.05±2.11 vs. 6.60±2.97; p<0.001) and 12 months (5.25±2.89 vs. 10.55±3.45; p<0.001). Remission rates at 12 months were 65% for rTMS versus 20% for ECT. Adverse events, particularly cognitive impairment, were more frequent with ECT (60% vs. 0%; p<0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>While ECT provides faster acute symptom relief, rTMS offers superior sustained benefits with fewer adverse effects, suggesting its potential as a first-line neurostimulation for TRD in resource-constrained settings. Larger studies with cost-effectiveness analyses are warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":94346,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian medical journal : journal of the Nigeria Medical Association","volume":"67 3","pages":"1186-1199"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13477706/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148764749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Caregiver Burden in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Insights from A Tertiary Hospital in West Africa.","authors":"Orngu Greg Uku, Terry Gbaa, Arome Okeme","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Caregiving for children with autism spectrum disorder is associated with substantial psychological, social, and financial burden, particularly in low-resource settings. This study aimed to assess the magnitude and determinants of caregiver burden among caregivers of children with ASD in a tertiary hospital in Nigeria.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>This cross-sectional study analysed 420 caregivers of children aged 2-18 years diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder, which was conducted at Benue State University Teaching Hospital (2020- 2023). The Stress Process Model was used, and the Caregiver burden was assessed using the Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI-22). Child behavioural difficulties, financial hardship, and affiliate stigma were evaluated using structured scales. Data were analysed using Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean ZBI score indicated moderate-to-severe burden. Overall, 60% of caregivers experienced moderate-to-severe or severe burden. Significant correlations were observed between caregiver burden and child behavioural difficulties (r = 0.58, p < 0.001), financial hardship (r = 0.38, p < 0.001), and affiliate stigma (r = 0.45, p < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, all three factors independently predicted caregiver burden, with the overall model explaining 52.8% of variance (Adjusted R²= 0.528).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Caregiver burden in ASD is substantial and driven by behavioural, financial, and sociocultural factors. Interventions must integrate behavioural support, financial assistance, and stigma reduction strategies to improve caregiver well-being.</p>","PeriodicalId":94346,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian medical journal : journal of the Nigeria Medical Association","volume":"67 3","pages":"974-987"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13477711/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148765733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of the Reliability and Diagnostic Accuracy of Indirect MRI Signs for ACL Tears: Comparison with Arthroscopic Findings as the Gold Standard.","authors":"Khurram Khaliq Bhinder, Aroosa Kanwal, Madiha Saeed Wahla, Amna Mehboob, Muhammad Adeel Ahmed, Alishbah Ziad, Hajra Sajjad","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The objective of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of indirect MRI signs (PCL Angle, PCL Inclination Angle, PCL-PCA, and Anterior Drawer Sign) in diagnosing ACL tears, as confirmed by arthroscopy.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>This retrospective case-control study, conducted at Shifa International Hospital in Islamabad from January to December 2023, included 100 patients divided into two groups based on arthroscopy findings: 50 with a healthy ACL (Control) and 50 with ACL deficiency (Test). MRI signs were analyzed retrospectively to calculate cut-off values, sensitivity, specificity, and AUC.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study involved 100 patients (77 males, 23 females), with a mean age of 35.12 years (range 16-75). Among MRI parameters, PCL-PCA was the most sensitive (81.3%, AUC 0.821), followed by PCL angle (78.1%, AUC 0.870) and PCL inclination angle (68.8%, AUC 0.697). The Anterior Drawer Sign showed high specificity (89.19%) but lower sensitivity (57.14%) and was statistically significant (p = 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The crux of this study is that PCL-PCA is highly sensitive in diagnosing ACL tear as an indirect and secondary parameter, followed by PCL angle, then by PCL inclination angle, and lastly by anterior drawer sign. These provided an excellent distinction between patients with and without an ACL tear.</p>","PeriodicalId":94346,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian medical journal : journal of the Nigeria Medical Association","volume":"67 3","pages":"1230-1240"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13490979/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148804183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Progesterone Therapy on Treatment Outcomes and Recurrence After Hysteroscopic Polypectomy.","authors":"Maryam Ahmadi, Sima Kamkari, Mahsa Ashrafi, Elahe Talabi Ghanhe","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>One of the concerns after transcervical resection of endometrial polyps (TCRP) is the recurrence of polyps post-surgery. Some studies have shown that hormone therapy with progesterone may reduce the risk of recurrence. This clinical trial aimed to investigate the effect of progesterone treatment after hysteroscopic polypectomy.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>In this clinical trial, 40 patients diagnosed with endometrial polyps were randomly and equally assigned to two groups: intervention and control. TCRP surgery was performed for both groups. In the intervention group, medroxyprogesterone was administered one week after surgery at a dose of 10 mg twice daily from the 5th day of the menstrual cycle for 21 days, over four cycles. The recurrence rate at 3 and 6 months post-surgery, endometrial thickness, hemoglobin levels, and menstrual status before and six months after surgery were compared between the two groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>None of the patients had a recurrence of endometrial polyps in the first three months, while three patients in the control group had a recurrence six months post-surgery (Relative Risk (RR) = 7.0, CI: 0.38-12.73). Regarding menstrual disorders, one patient in the control group had a menstrual disorder in the first three months (RR = 3.0, CI: 0.12-69.51), while six months post-surgery, 11 patients in the control group and one patient in the intervention group had menstrual disorders (RR = 11.55, CI: 1.63-81.45). Endometrial thickness six months post-surgery was significantly lower in the intervention group (5.5 ± 1.2 mm vs. 8.0 ± 2.5 mm, P = 0.001). The mean hemoglobin level six months post-surgery was higher in the intervention group, but it was not statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Progesterone administration after TCRP surgery may be effective due to improved menstrual status, reduced endometrial thickness, and possibly lower recurrence rates of endometrial polyps.</p>","PeriodicalId":94346,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian medical journal : journal of the Nigeria Medical Association","volume":"67 3","pages":"988-995"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13477703/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148760871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinicopathological significance of lymphovascular invasion in carcinoma breast and its correlation with other Prognostic markers: An experience at a tertiary care centre.","authors":"Om Prakash, Deepika Gupta, Tarang Patel, Arvind Ahuja, Vikas Srivastava, Asif Khan, Shashank Shekhar, Shailendra Dwivedi, Jyoti Verma","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Breast cancer is a biologically diverse condition that exhibits varied clinical outcomes and responses to treatment. Its prognosis and therapeutic approach are determined by several established factors, including the patient's age, tumor dimensions and site, histological classification and grade, and lymph node involvement, all of which must be evaluated collectively to guide optimal patient care. This research focuses on identifying and assessing lymphovascular invasion (LVI) through the use of D2-40 and CD34 immunohistochemical markers, aiming to explore its pathological relevance and its association with other prognostic indicators in breast carcinoma.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>This study involved thirty eight mastectomy samples confirmed to have breast carcinoma. Using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stained sections, along with immunohistochemical (IHC) evaluation for markers including estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), HER2/neu, and the vascular endothelial markers CD34 and D2-40, the relationship between lymphovascular invasion (LVI) and various prognostic factors was examined.CD34 and D2-40 were specifically utilized to distinguish lymphatic and blood vessels from retraction artifacts, aiding in the accurate identification of LVI. Statistical analysis was done by utilizing SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) version 24.0.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>LVI had no statistical correlation with increased tumor size (P = 0.443), elevated Nottingham grade (P = 0.880), lymph node status (P = 0.420), or higher Nottingham Prognostic Index (NPI) (P = 0.733) and higher Lymph node ratio (LNR) (P = 0.097).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>D2-40 has emerged as a valuable immunohistochemical marker for identifying lymphatic endothelial cells. Given that lymphovascular invasion (LVI) is associated with unfavorable clinical outcomes, its assessment is essential in all cases of breast carcinoma to ensure accurate prognostication and appropriate therapeutic planning.</p>","PeriodicalId":94346,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian medical journal : journal of the Nigeria Medical Association","volume":"67 3","pages":"1130-1139"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13477718/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148764432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adequacy of Sperm Count and Motility following Varicocelectomy in Clinical Varicocele Patients in a Tertiary Health Institution, Nigeria.","authors":"Odezi Fidelis Otobo","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Varicocele is the commonest cause of male infertility, and varicocelectomy is the commonest surgery performed for such men. Although many studies have reported improvements in semen parameters following varicocelectomy, their adequacy in relation to WHO standards has received less attention. There are patients who, after undergoing varicocelectomy, still do not naturally cause pregnancy, sometimes due to inadequate improvements in these parameters. This oftentimes influences their acceptance of the procedure. This is a prospective interventional study aimed at determining the adequacy of improvements in semen parameters following varicocelectomy at UCTH in one year.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>Clinical varicoceles patients with subnormal seminograms, who met certain inclusion criteria and consented, were recruited. Participants underwent varicocelectomy, and their pre- and post-surgical seminograms were compared with the current WHO standards. A proforma was designed to record patients' data. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25. Frequencies, percentages, means, and standard deviations were used to summarize data. Relevant tests of significance (Fisher's exact, Chi-square (X2), t-tests) were conducted at a confidence interval of 95 percent and p-value <0.05. Data were presented in charts and tables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sixty-six percent were aged 31-40 years (mean of 35.14±8.76). The study revealed that there was improvement in mean sperm count from 15.2±1.6x10⁶ to 38.2±3.3x10⁶/ejaculate (p<0.001) and percentage motility from 23.4±1.7 to 37.9±1.8 (p<0.001) 3-6 months following varicocelectomy. There was also a significant decrease in the mean percentage of non-motile sperms from 56.4±2.1 to 42.1±1.7 (p<0.001). Although there were corresponding improvements in the mean morphology and sluggishly motile sperm, these changes were not statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study demonstrated that varicocelectomy improves seminogram adequately (in clinical varicocele patients) as recommended by the WHO.</p>","PeriodicalId":94346,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian medical journal : journal of the Nigeria Medical Association","volume":"67 3","pages":"1039-1050"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13477695/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148765385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"P16 protein Expression in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Histologic Subtypes in Kano.","authors":"Aliyu Ahmed Fate, Aminu Mohammed Chubado Dahiru, Aminu Sa Ad Jika, Rasheed Mumini Wemimo, Bankole Kofi Adedeji, Muhammad Shuaibu Adamu, Aliyu Salihu","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is the most common head and neck malignancy with the highest incidence seen in South China, Southeast Asia, Northeast India and parts of North Africa. P16 (p16INK4a), a cyclin-dependent kinase, is essential for the regulation of cell proliferation and plays a key role in the activation of the apoptotic pathway. The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence and clinicopathological associations of p16 expression in NPC subtypes in Kano.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>This was a retrospective study covering five years (2015 to 2019) of all NPC cases diagnosed at the Department of Histopathology, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano (AKTH). The collected data included patients' demographic details, clinical information, histological diagnosis, and p16 Immunohistochemical status.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>NPC cases showed a bimodal age distribution, with a mean age of 40 years. The majority of patients were male, giving a male-to-female ratio of about 4.2:1. P16 positivity was observed in more than a third of the cases, more frequent in males than in females. Non-keratinizing nasopharyngeal carcinoma was the most common subtype and showed more p16-positivity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study identifies p16 expression in a subset of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cases, with a higher frequency among males and a predominance in non-keratinizing nasopharyngeal carcinoma. These findings contribute to the understanding of p16 as a potential biomarker in NPC biology. While the prognostic implications remain uncertain, further molecular subtyping and prospective outcome studies are needed to clarify the role of p16 in risk stratification and therapeutic decision-making.</p>","PeriodicalId":94346,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian medical journal : journal of the Nigeria Medical Association","volume":"67 3","pages":"1023-1030"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13477698/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148760803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Challenges and Outcomes of Paediatric Dialysis in a Tertiary Referral Hospital, Northwest Nigeria.","authors":"Yakubu Abubakar, Mairo Adamu Bugaje, Rosemund Modupe Akuse, Abdullahi Aminu Iduze, Kazeem Aliyu","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Acute kidney injury (AKI) is associated with substantial morbidity, requiring urgent intervention like dialysis. Dialysis is usually paid for out of pocket, posing a high financial burden on the caregivers. This usually leads to irregular dialysis sessions and a high rate of abandonment of dialysis with consequent high morbidity and mortality. The objective of this study is to assess the clinical profile, challenges and outcomes of dialysis in children with AKI at a tertiary referral hospital.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>An observational descriptive study involving 55 children admitted with Acute Kidney Injury who had dialysis as a form of renal replacement therapy. The data were collected as the patients presented to the study center.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 55 patients recruited, 41 (74.5%) were referred by other healthcare facilities. Sepsis accounted for 54.6% of the causes of AKI. Thirty-nine (70.9%) of the patients underwent haemodialysis (HD), while 29.1% underwent Peritoneal dialysis (PD). Seven (12.7%) abandoned dialysis, 24(43.6%) died, and 22(40.0%) had resolution of AKI. Severe financial difficulties were experienced by 36(65.5%) of patients, which was significantly related to the poor outcome of the patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Financial support mechanisms, early referral pathways, and the availability of paediatric-specific dialysis equipment could substantially improve survival outcomes in children with AKI in low-resource settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":94346,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian medical journal : journal of the Nigeria Medical Association","volume":"67 3","pages":"1156-1161"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13477685/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148761366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patterns of Preimplantation Genetic Testing Utilization During In Vitro Fertilization in a Nigerian Fertility Centre: Sociodemographic Characteristics and Clinical Indications.","authors":"Chidinma M Nwogu, Sunday I Omisakin, Aloy O Ugwu, Abraham O Abati, George N Ejiole, Muisi A Adenekan, Kayode A Adefemi, Adebayo W Awoniyi, Osato F Giwa-Osagie","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) is increasingly integrated into in-vitro fertilization (IVF) to detect chromosomal abnormalities and monogenic disorders before embryo transfer. Although its use is primarily intended to prevent genetic disease and improve reproductive outcomes, PGT is also applied for non-medical indications such as elective sex selection in some settings. The objective of this study is to characterize the sociodemographic profile of couples undergoing PGT, the clinical indications for testing, and patterns of maternal and paternal age, parity, and geographic distribution in a Nigerian fertility centre.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>A Retrospective study conducted at a tertiary fertility and preimplantation genetic testing centre in Lagos, Nigeria, between <b>January 2018 and December 2024</b> was reviewed. Sociodemographic characteristics, reproductive history, type of PGT performed (PGT-A, PGT-M, or combined), and clinical indications for testing were extracted from anonymized medical records. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize participant characteristics and indications for PGT.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean maternal age was <b>39.7 ± 6.1 years</b>, while the mean paternal age was <b>46.3 ± 6.9 years</b>. Most women had <b>parity 2-3 (51.6%),</b> and <b>86.3%</b> had <b>1-4 living children</b>. Participants resided predominantly in <b>Nigeria (61.5%),</b> with a substantial proportion from the <b>United Kingdom (17.3%)</b> and <b>Canada (8.8%),</b> reflecting cross-border utilization of fertility services. The most common indication for PGT was <b>elective sex selection/family balancing (89.7%).</b> Among clinical indications, <b>PGT-M for haemoglobin S (HBS) genotype screening accounted for 5.4%</b>. A small proportion of cycles involved combined PGT-A/PGT-M, mainly for women with previous children with oculocutaneous albinism (1.0%, n = 4) and Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (0.5%, n = 2) and severe <b>male-factor infertility (0.5%).</b></p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this cohort of Nigerian couples undergoing IVF with PGT, <b>elective sex selection was the predominant indication</b>, highlighting the influence of sociocultural factors on the use of reproductive genetic technologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":94346,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian medical journal : journal of the Nigeria Medical Association","volume":"67 3","pages":"1104-1115"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13477692/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148762397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Burden of Diabetes and Temporal Trends in Clinic Attendance at a Sub-Urban Primary Diabetes Centre in South West Nigeria: A Five-Year Retrospective Study.","authors":"Ayotunde Oladunni Ale, Olubiyi Fidelis Adesina, Funmilayo Deborah Adediji, Oluwabukola Oluwatamilore Ale","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Diabetes mellitus (DM) is an increasing public health burden in sub-Saharan Africa, yet longitudinal primary care trends remain underreported. This study assessed the burden of DM and temporal trends in clinic attendance at the Talabi Diabetes Centre (TDC) in Isara-Remo, Ogun State, from 2021 to 2025.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>A retrospective review of 4,475 patients managed between 2021 and 2025 was conducted. Data on socio-demographic characteristics, clinical diagnoses, and service utilisation were analysed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square tests, Cochran-Armitage trend analysis, and multinomial logistic regression. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The studied mean age was 57.4 ± 9.8 years, with 80.0% aged ≥50 years and 67.5% female. DM accounted for 61.5% of cases, hypertension 18.7%, and other conditions 19.8%. Most patients (76.3%) were overweight or obese. Annual clinic attendance fluctuated significantly (χ²= 68.07, p < 0.0001), rising from 948 in 2021 to 1,026 in 2025 with a mid-period decline. New registrations (13.6% of attendees) decreased significantly over time (Z = -2.41, p = 0.016). DM showed a significant declining trend in clinic burden, peaking at 69.5% in 2023 and falling to 54.4% in 2025 (p < 0.001). DM-specific new attendances also declined (p = 0.006), while hypertension remained stable and other conditions increased. Female sex, older age (≥60 years), and obesity were strongly associated with higher odds of DM and comorbidity (OR up to 8.10).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>DM remains the leading cause of clinic attendance, though its proportional burden is declining alongside rising non-diabetic conditions. Ageing, female sex, and obesity are key determinants of disease burden. These findings highlight the need for strengthened integrated chronic disease management in primary care settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":94346,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian medical journal : journal of the Nigeria Medical Association","volume":"67 3","pages":"909-920"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13477712/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148762458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}