Nigerian medical journal : journal of the Nigeria Medical Association最新文献

{"title":"Correlation between oligohydramnios and anaemia in the third trimester of pregnancy: A study in a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan.","authors":"Asma Batool, Mussarat Sultana, Zaiba Sher, Saadia Fayyaz, Ayesha Sharif, Nida Faisal","doi":"10.60787/nmj-v65i3-438","DOIUrl":"10.60787/nmj-v65i3-438","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Maintaining normal amniotic fluid index and normal hemoglobin level is crucial for normal fetal development. Their reduction can lead to maternal and fetal morbidity in the form of operative delivery and poor perinatal outcome such as, low birth weight. There is an association between oligohydramnios and anaemia, although there is scarcity on this correlation in literature. Early detection of oligohydramnios can improve maternal and perinatal outcome. This study aimed to investigate the association between oligohydramnios and anaemia during the third trimester of pregnancy.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>This retrospective cohort study was conducted at NESCOM Hospital, Pakistan. The study spanned from August 1, 2021, to July 31, 2022.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study included 109 pregnant individuals with oligohydramnios, resulting in an incidence of 22% among the total of 551 deliveries during the study period. The average age of participants was 29.75 years. The average gestational age was 33.52 weeks, with a range of 28 to 38 weeks. The analysis indicated that 44.03% of cases with oligohydramnios were associated with anaemia, followed by idiopathic causes (41.28%). Pearson's correlation revealed a significant association between oligohydramnios and anaemia (r = 0.307, p = 0.001), supporting the hypothesis of a potential interconnection between these two conditions. Regarding delivery outcomes, 81.6% underwent cesarean section, emphasizing the need for careful management in cases of oligohydramnios and anaemia. Neonatal outcomes indicated that 1.8% and 44.5% of neonates were extremely low birth weight and low birth weight, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study provides empirical evidence supporting a significant association between oligohydramnios and anaemia in the third trimester.</p>","PeriodicalId":94346,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian medical journal : journal of the Nigeria Medical Association","volume":"65 3","pages":"313-319"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11249485/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141636399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychosocial dysfunction and delayed sexual development among adolescents living with HIV in Lagos, Nigeria.","authors":"Somtochukwu Rose Akunne, Elizabeth Eberechi Oyenusi, Adeseye Michael Akinsete, Abiola Olufunmilayo Oduwole","doi":"10.60787/nmj-v65i3-399","DOIUrl":"10.60787/nmj-v65i3-399","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>With increasing survival following the use of antiretroviral therapy, adolescents living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (ALHIV) could have complications such as delayed puberty and psychological complications. In Nigeria, there is limited data on the association between delayed sexual maturation and psychosocial dysfunction in ALHIV. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and the association between delayed sexual development (DSD) and psychosocial dysfunction (PSD) in ALHIV and compare it with uninfected adolescents.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>This was a cross-sectional study conducted at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH), Nigeria and it involved 144 ALHIV and an equal number of HIV-negative controls who were matched for age, sex and social class. Information was obtained from participants using interviewer-administered questionnaires; their stages of sexual development and their psychosocial function were assessed using Tanner staging criteria and the Paediatric Symptom Checklist tool respectively. Data were analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences software version 23.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean (±SD) age of ALHIV and the HIV-negative controls was 14.8 (±3.0) and 14.8 (±2.9) years respectively. All the ALHIV were on HAART and 99.3% were in clinical stage 1. There was no significant difference between the prevalence of DSD among the ALHIV (9.4%) and the HIV-negative controls (6.4%) (p= 0.402). The prevalence of PSD in ALHIV and HIV-negative controls were 4.9% and 5.6% respectively (p=0.791). There was no significant association between PSD and DSD in both groups of study participants (p=0.459 and p=0.301).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The prevalence of PSD and DSD were low and similar among adolescents with and without HIV, and no association was found between PSD and DSD. However, routine screening of adolescents for PSD should be practised for early identification and prompt management where indicated.</p>","PeriodicalId":94346,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian medical journal : journal of the Nigeria Medical Association","volume":"65 3","pages":"266-275"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11249486/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141636413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outcome of retained intra-abdominal foreign body managed in a general surgical service in Ibadan: a case series.","authors":"Omobolaji O Ayandipo, Oludolapo O Afuwape, Adefemi O Afolabi, Taiwo A Lawal, Oluwabukade T Ojediran, Oluwasanmi A Ajagbe, Philip A Ekhaiyeme, Adegbolahan J Fakoya, Temidayo O Ogundiran","doi":"10.60787/nmj-v65i3-328","DOIUrl":"10.60787/nmj-v65i3-328","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Retained intra-abdominal foreign bodies are rare and most occur following abdominal or gynaecological surgery. Sponges are the most retained foreign body. The foreign bodies range from surgical instruments, including abdominal pads and gauze to artery forceps; to a pen cap. Retained objects can also be self-inserted. The authors report a case series on the outcome of retained foreign bodies in the intra-abdominal cavity managed in the general surgery service of the University College Hospital, Ibadan over 12-years.</p>","PeriodicalId":94346,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian medical journal : journal of the Nigeria Medical Association","volume":"65 3","pages":"376-386"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11249477/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141636366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serum Brain Natriuretic Peptide Levels Correlate with the Severity of Hypertension in a Population of Nigerian Patients.","authors":"Chiebonam E Nwajiobi, Bruno Basil, Ugochukwu J Okoli","doi":"10.60787/nmj-v65i3-405","DOIUrl":"10.60787/nmj-v65i3-405","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hypertension is a major global health concern requiring precise risk assessment. Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) has emerged as a potential biomarker, but its relationship with hypertension severity requires exploration to evaluate its potential as a risk prediction tool. This study aimed to assess the relationship between serum BNP levels and the severity of hypertension in a population of Nigerian patients.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>This was an analytical cross-sectional case-controlled study involving 103 hypertensive patients and 98 controls. Participants were grouped based on World Health Organization (WHO) criteria for diagnosis of Hypertension and the severity of hypertension was categorized based on blood pressure readings. The mean BNP levels were assessed among different hypertension grades, while logistic regression was used to assess the odds of higher severity with elevated BNP.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Serum BNP levels were significantly higher in hypertensive individuals (616.5 ± 66.3 pg/mL) compared to controls (501.1 ± 84.6 pg/mL) and varied significantly across different hypertension grades (p = 0.000). A positive correlation was observed between serum BNP and hypertension severity (r = 0.736, p < 0.001). Logistic regression analysis indicated increasing odds of higher severity with elevated BNP from Grade 1 to Grade 3 hypertension.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study established a positive correlation between serum BNP levels and hypertension severity, indicating its potential as a predictive biomarker for risk stratification in hypertensive individuals.</p>","PeriodicalId":94346,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian medical journal : journal of the Nigeria Medical Association","volume":"65 3","pages":"231-240"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11249482/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141636415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Pattern of Gestational Thyroid Dysfunction in a Population of South-East Nigerian Women.","authors":"Ugochukwu Josiah Okoli, Bruno Basil, Chiebonam Eucharia Nwajiobi","doi":"10.60787/nmj-v65i3-406","DOIUrl":"10.60787/nmj-v65i3-406","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pregnancy serves as a physiological stress test for the thyroid which often leads to dysfunction in women with limited thyroid reserves. The occurrence of gestational thyroid dysfunction is linked to unfavourable obstetric and foetal outcomes. Globally, iodine deficiency is a prominent causative factor for thyroid dysfunction. The study aimed to determine the prevalence and pattern of thyroid dysfunction among pregnant women in Enugu, South-east Nigeria.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>This hospital-based descriptive cross-sectional and observational study was conducted over six months on selected participants from pregnant women attending antenatal clinics at the study sites. Maternal clinical and demographic risk factors for thyroid dysfunction were evaluated in a cohort of 318 pregnant women. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to compare participants' thyroid status across different trimesters of pregnancy, and different thyroid and nutritional iodine states.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in the study population is 6.6%. Hypothyroidism was detected in 5.3% of the participants, consisting of 3.8% sub-clinical hypothyroidism and 1.6% overt hypothyroidism. Sub-clinical hyperthyroidism accounted for 1.3% of all participants; no overt hyperthyroidism was detected in this study.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There is a relatively high prevalence of gestational thyroid dysfunction in the study population with hypothyroidism being the predominant disorder. This highlights the need for region-specific considerations in antenatal care to facilitate early detection and effective management of gestational thyroid dysfunction, thereby mitigating potential adverse maternal and foetal outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":94346,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian medical journal : journal of the Nigeria Medical Association","volume":"65 3","pages":"301-312"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11249488/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141636367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pritchard's Regimen: The Effect of 12-Hour Versus 24-Hour Magnesium Sulphate Maintenance Regimen on the Occurrence of Seizures and Maternal Outcome in Women with Severe Features of Preeclampsia: A Triple-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Samuel Okwuchukwu Ilikannu, Peter Ndidi Ebeigbe, Angela Uduak Ochei","doi":"10.60787/nmj-v65i3-434","DOIUrl":"10.60787/nmj-v65i3-434","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Magnesium sulphate (MgSO₄) administered for twenty-four hours is the drug of choice for seizure prophylaxis in patients with preeclampsia with severe features. Due to its narrow therapeutic index, a reduction in the duration of MgSO₄ administered in the postpartum period may not only prevent the occurrence of seizures but also reduce the adverse effects associated with this drug. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of the 12-hour and 24-hour Pritchard's MgSO4 maintenance regimen on the occurrence of seizures and maternal outcomes in patients with preeclampsia with severe features.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>A triple-blind randomized controlled trial was conducted among women with preeclampsia with severe features between 1st June 2022 and January 31st, 2023. The primary outcome measure was the occurrence of seizure in either arm of the study. One hundred and forty-six women were randomized into two groups, those who received a 12-hour MgSO₄ regimen and placebo for the remaining twelve hours (Group I) and those who received a 24-hour MgSO₄ regimen in the postpartum period (Group II). The collected data was coded and analyzed using Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) version 26 and p<0.05 was considered significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups concerning the occurrence of seizures, the need to recommence MgSO₄, clinical evidence of toxicity and adverse effects of MgSO4. There was also no statistically significant difference between the two groups in the total dose of MgSO4 administered, duration of urethral catheterization and duration of hospital admission. No maternal mortality was recorded in this study.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results of this study suggest that the 12-hour MgSO₄ maintenance regimen is as efficacious as the traditional 24-hour regimen in preventing seizures without worsening maternal outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":94346,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian medical journal : journal of the Nigeria Medical Association","volume":"65 3","pages":"320-331"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11249484/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141636370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quality Management in Clinical and Public Health Research: A Panacea for Minimising and Eliminating Protocol Deviations in Research Operations.","authors":"Elvis Efe Isere, Nosa Eniye Omorogbe","doi":"10.60787/nmj-v65i3-421","DOIUrl":"10.60787/nmj-v65i3-421","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A quality management system for clinical and public health research operations is indispensable because it ensures the integrity and reliability of research outcomes. By implementing a robust quality management practice in research implementation and operation, research teams can uphold the highest standard of research conduct, thereby enhancing the credibility and trustworthiness of research findings. This paper elucidates the significance and role of a quality management system in clinical and public health research operations and its efficacy in minimising and eliminating protocol deviations and highlights the key steps in setting up a quality management system for research operations.</p>","PeriodicalId":94346,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian medical journal : journal of the Nigeria Medical Association","volume":"65 3","pages":"367-375"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11249487/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141636414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of knowledge about discriminatory practices towards HIV positive individuals with the uptake of HIV testing during pregnancy among reproductive-aged women in Nigeria.","authors":"Charles Nzelu, Magdeline Aagard, Hadi Danawi, Gwendolyn S Francavillo, Pelagia Melea","doi":"10.60787/nmj-v65i3-441","DOIUrl":"10.60787/nmj-v65i3-441","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The fear of positive HIV results has been reported as a determinant of HIV testing among pregnant women and women of reproductive age. When pregnant women know about discriminatory practices toward other people based on their HIV-positive status, it may impact their testing for HIV. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the association between Nigerian pregnant women's knowledge of discriminatory practices against persons living with HIV and their self-reported HIV testing during antenatal visits or childbirth.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>A secondary analysis of data from 659 t women who had experienced pregnancy aged 15-49 years from the 2013 Nigeria Demographic Health Survey (NDHS) was done. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was done to determine the association between knowledge about discriminatory practices towards HIV-positive individuals (independent variable) and HIV testing during pregnancy (dependent variable) after controlling for covariates (demographic characteristics). A P-value of ≤ 0.05 was taken as statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Bivariate logistic regression analysis findings showed that educational level, place of residence, and religion statistically significantly predicted HIV testing of pregnant women, while age categories and marital status did not. The women's knowledge of discriminatory practices towards persons living with HIV/AIDS was not statistically significant at Alpha = 0.05 (AOR,1.51; 95% CI: .46, 4.95) Higher levels of education (Primary Education, AOR = 1.81; 95% CI: 1.03, 3.18; Secondary Education, AOR = 3.73; 95% CI: 1.92, 7.25; Higher Education, AOR = 10.92; 95% CI: 4.25, 28.05) and those living in urban areas (AOR = 1.62; 95% CI: 1.04, 2.51) were significantly associated with testing for HIV in the stepwise multivariable regression model of pregnant women's knowledge of discriminatory practices towards persons living with HIV/AIDS.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although knowledge of discriminatory practices did not predict pregnant women's HIV testing in this study, interventions by stakeholders to eliminate or reduce these practices should be stepped up towards facilitating positive social change.</p>","PeriodicalId":94346,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian medical journal : journal of the Nigeria Medical Association","volume":"65 3","pages":"344-353"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11249481/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141636362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Predictors for use of Herbal medicine in the treatment of Infertility in a secondary Health facility in South-South Nigeria.","authors":"Ngozi Roy Maduka, Onyekachukwu Paul Okubor","doi":"10.60787/nmj-v65i3-402","DOIUrl":"10.60787/nmj-v65i3-402","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Infertility is one of the major medical problems seen in the Gynaecology clinic. Herbal medicine (HM) has become one of the treatment options used to circumvent infertility problems. This study aims to explore the prevalence and predictors for HM use in the management of infertility in our region.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>The method used was a cross-sectional study of 117 women attending the infertility clinic at Central Hospital Agbor, Delta State, Nigeria. The interviewer administered a questionnaire comprised of socio-demographic characteristics, infertility-related aspects, and information on herbal medicine usage. The main outcome measure was the Prevalence of HM use for infertility treatment and the possible predictors. Analysis was done using SPSS version 22.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age of participants was 34.1 with a standard deviation of 6.66 years. The minimum age of participants was 23 years while the maximum age was 48 years. The prevalence of HM use was 79.9%. The factors that were significantly associated with the use of HM were marital status (p 0.033), history of primary infertility (0.026) and having used HM for the management of other ailments (0.000). Women who were married and having fertility issues were more likely to seek alternative methods like the use of HM.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The prevalence of use of HM among participants attending the fertility clinic was high at 79.9%. We recommend that health professionals should enquire about the use of HM as this may help in educating the patients about the health risks of using HM. There is a need to explore the potential benefits and risks of HM use.</p>","PeriodicalId":94346,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian medical journal : journal of the Nigeria Medical Association","volume":"65 3","pages":"255-265"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11249478/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141636368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research Output inOrthopaedics and Sports Medicine from Nigeria and Africa - A Bibliometric Analysis.","authors":"Kingsley Kelechi Ekwe, Abhishek Vaish, Raju Vaishya","doi":"10.60787/nmj-v65i2-386","DOIUrl":"10.60787/nmj-v65i2-386","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Nigeria has a relatively large scientific community that produces an adequate research output among African countries. Not many studies have analysed the research output in orthopaedics and sports medicine from Nigeria and Africa. Hence, we aimed to analyze the research output in orthopaedics and sports medicine from Nigeria and Africa.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>We used the SCOPUS data from the Scimago Journal & Country Rank website. It allows us to draw various journal metrics for research.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Between 1996 and 2022, Nigerian research publications in orthopaedics and sports medicine had grown from 4 in 1996 to 39 in 2022 (a 10-fold growth) but overall is 62nd in the world representing 0.07% of publications in the period. In the same period, Africa published 8297 papers in orthopaedics and sports medicine representing only 1.24% of the global publications in this field.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There is low research output in Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine from Nigeria and, the whole African continent. However, there has been a growth in the publications from Africa.</p>","PeriodicalId":94346,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian medical journal : journal of the Nigeria Medical Association","volume":"65 2","pages":"125-131"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11240207/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141617951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}