Nigerian medical journal : journal of the Nigeria Medical Association最新文献

{"title":"Comparison of Clotting and Inflammatory Biomarkers Between Young Hypertensive and Normotensive Adults in Ekiti State, Nigeria.","authors":"Muhammad Saidu Abdullahil, Adams Olalekan Omoaghe, Busayo Onafowoke Oguntolal, Tony Ezike, Kehinde Samuel Olaniyi","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Stroke remains a leading cause of death and disability worldwide and is increasingly affecting young adults aged 18-45 years. Hypertension is the most prevalent risk factor, yet early identification of associated biological changes in this population remains challenging. Inflammatory, metabolic, and coagulation biomarkers may provide insight into vascular alterations linked to hypertension.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>In this multicenter cross-sectional study, 110 hypertensive and 60 normotensive adults aged 18-45 years were consecutively recruited from tertiary hospitals in Ekiti State, Nigeria. Ethical approval and informed consent were obtained. Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected, and venous blood samples were analyzed for interleukin-33, antithrombin III, fibrinogen, and lipoprotein(a) using ELISA. Additional markers including lipid profile, C-reactive protein (CRP), bilirubin (total and direct), uric acid, and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), were assessed using standard laboratory methods.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Hypertensive participants exhibited elevated total cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL-C, with significantly reduced HDL-C. Lipoprotein(a) levels did not differ between groups. Inflammatory markers (IL-33 and CRP) and fibrinogen were significantly elevated in hypertensives, while antithrombin III was reduced, reflecting a pro-thrombotic tendency. Total and direct bilirubin were lower in hypertensives, suggesting a potential protective role when elevated. HbA1c and uric acid were also significantly higher in the hypertensive group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Several biomarkers were altered in hypertensive individuals, reflecting inflammatory, metabolic, and pro-thrombotic associations. These findings represent associations with hypertension rather than predictive markers of stroke. Longitudinal studies are warranted to validate these associations and explore biomarker combinations for improved risk assessment in young adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":94346,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian medical journal : journal of the Nigeria Medical Association","volume":"67 4","pages":"1541-1553"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13527793/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148868708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating Diagnostic Concordance in Dermatopathology: Insights from a Sub-Saharan African Cohort.","authors":"Abdullahi Muhammad Ahmad, Hassan Adam Murtala, Zainab Ibrahim Babba","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Accurate diagnosis of skin disorders relies heavily on clinical examination, supplemented by histopathological evaluation when biopsies are performed. The degree of concordance between clinical and histopathological diagnoses is a key quality indicator and educational tool in dermatologic practice. This study aimed to evaluate clinicopathologic diagnostic concordance in skin biopsies performed at a tertiary dermatology clinic in a sub-Saharan African country.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>A retrospective analysis of skin biopsies was conducted to determine the rate of full, partial, and non-concordance between clinical and histopathological diagnoses. Concordance was also assessed across anatomical sites, patient demographics, and diagnostic categories.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the biopsies reviewed, the overall clinicopathologic concordance rate was 64.2%. Full concordance was significantly more common in males than females (55.7% vs 44.3%, p = 0.02). In bivariate analysis, sex was the only variable significantly associated with diagnostic concordance (p = 0.019), with higher concordance observed among male patients. In contrast, multivariable analysis identified eczematous disorders as being associated with a markedly increased likelihood of diagnostic non-concordance compared with tumor categories (AOR = 6.38; 95% CI: 2.06-19.8; p = 0.001). Concordance was highest among tumors, papulosquamous diseases, and infections, with pigmentation disorders also demonstrating relatively high concordance. Partial concordance was most frequently observed in collagen disorders, pigmentation disorders, and inflammatory dermatoses.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings demonstrate a moderate clinicopathologic concordance rate for skin biopsies in this setting, with considerable variability across disease categories and patient characteristics. The results underscore the continued importance of histopathological evaluation, particularly for diagnostically challenging dermatoses, and identify opportunities to improve diagnostic performance. The findings have practical implications for dermatology training by highlighting disease categories with low concordance and may serve as a quality-improvement metric to inform targeted continuing medical education programs aimed at enhancing diagnostic accuracy.</p>","PeriodicalId":94346,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian medical journal : journal of the Nigeria Medical Association","volume":"67 4","pages":"1595-1605"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13527809/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148868650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Menstrual Characteristics of Women with Sickle Cell Anaemia in a case control study at a Tertiary Hospital in Jigawa, North-west Nigeria.","authors":"Abdullahi Abba Habib, Usaini Ahmad Abdullahi, Baffa Adamu Gwaram, Umar Muhammad Abdulkadir, Nabila Ado Ya'u, Zainab Uba Ibrahim, Alhaji Abdu","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Menstruation is an important indicator of female reproductive function. Advances in the management of sickle cell anaemia (SCA) have improved survival into adulthood, increasing attention to reproductive health outcomes, including menstruation. The objective of this study is to compare menstrual characteristics between women with sickle cell anaemia and age-matched controls.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>A case-control study was conducted among women attending the sickle cell clinic of a tertiary hospital in North-west Nigeria. A total of 30 women with HbSS and 40 age-matched HbAA controls were recruited. Data on socio-demographic variables and menstrual history were collected using a structured questionnaire. Anthropometric measurements and haematocrit were obtained. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 26, with the chi-square test and Pearson correlation. Significance was set at p < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mean age at menarche was higher in the SCA group compared to controls (15.9 ± 1.6 vs. 14.3 ± 1.8 years, p = 0.002). Menarche was significantly associated with BMI and haemoglobin genotype. Most participants in both groups had normal menstrual cycle length (21-35 days) and duration (2-7 days). Dysmenorrhoea was common in both groups (70% vs. 77.5%), with no significant difference in severity. A small proportion of SCA participants reported vaso-occlusive crises during menstruation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Women with sickle cell anaemia experience delayed menarche compared with controls, but most menstrual cycle parameters are comparable between groups. BMI is significantly associated with age at menarche.</p>","PeriodicalId":94346,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian medical journal : journal of the Nigeria Medical Association","volume":"67 4","pages":"1398-1406"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13527814/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148868759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Pattern of Chronic Kidney Disease-Associated Pruritus in a Nigerian Teaching Hospital.","authors":"Imuetinyan Rashida Edeki, Roli Cynthia Madubuko","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a multisystem disease of increasing prevalence and thus of great public health importance. CKD-associated pruritus (CKD-aP) is a common dermatologic manifestation of CKD, and it has been associated with increased occurrences of mood and sleep disorders, increased rates of infection and hospitalization, reduced overall quality of life and increased mortality rates.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>This cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out in a tertiary hospital in Southern Nigeria between June 2024 and August 2024 to determine the prevalence and pattern of CKD-aP in 171 pre-dialysis patients with stages 3-5 CKD.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age in this study was 59.9 ± 16.9 years, with females comprising 43.9% of study participants. The prevalence of CKD-aP was 26.9%. The majority (73.9%) had pruritus of moderate severity, and the distribution of pruritus was generalized in 39.1% of those with CKD-aP. There was no significant association observed between gender and aetiology of CKD. (p = 0.364), between gender, aetiology of CKD and pruritus, and between gender, CKD etiology, CKD stage and pruritus severity. CKD stage was a predictor of CKD-aP. (Adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 2.49; 95% CI: 1.24-5.19; p = 0.011).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>CKD-aP was relatively common among pre-dialysis CKD, and there was no statistically significant association observed between pruritus, gender, CKD aetiology and CKD stage. It is therefore recommended that CKD-aP should be assessed periodically and managed in all patients with CKD, as this may improve their quality of life and reduce morbidity and mortality.</p>","PeriodicalId":94346,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian medical journal : journal of the Nigeria Medical Association","volume":"67 4","pages":"1554-1562"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13527822/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148868793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distribution of Neurosurgical Workforce and Infrastructure in Nigeria in 2024: A Cross-Sectional National Overview.","authors":"Jude-Kennedy Chinedu Emejulu, Sunday Patrick Uzomaka Nkwerem","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Nigerian neurosurgery has remained under the existential threat of poor political decisions of governments and the resultant socio-economic instability. Currently, the country is undergoing its worst form of insecurity and brain drain, as skilled professionals emigrate abroad to more secure and safer countries to improve their income and living standards. The health sector, especially neurosurgery, is one of the hardest hit. The objective of this study is to profile the available neurosurgery infrastructure and manpower in the 6 geopolitical zones of Nigeria.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>This involves an online cross-sectional survey by questionnaire, phone calls, and social media chats of the neurosurgeons working in all 44 neurosurgery facilities listed on the Nigerian Academy of Neurological Science (NANS) website. This was matched with secondary data on the Nigerian regional population figures obtained from internet fact-checks. Descriptive statistics were used to interpret and analyse the collated data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were 44 neurosurgery facilities under the leadership of 111 out of the 166 certified neurosurgeons; the rest had emigrated due to the economic hardships of the country. The neurosurgeon: population ratio was 1:2.12million. The North-East Zone has the least number of neurosurgeons.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The number of neurosurgeons per Nigerian population is poor. Furthermore, the abysmal statistics and the discrepancy in the regional distribution even make access worse in the North East region of the country.</p>","PeriodicalId":94346,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian medical journal : journal of the Nigeria Medical Association","volume":"67 4","pages":"1491-1501"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13527813/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148868714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Characteristics and Surgical Outcomes of Paediatric Thyroid Disorders in a Nigerian Mission Hospital: A Nine-Year Review.","authors":"Emem Imo Akpanudo, Monday Akpabio Ituen, Blessing Chinenye Ubani, Kingsley Kelechi Nnah, Emmanuel Kunle Abudu, Brian Michael Camazine","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Paediatric goitre requiring surgery is uncommon and presents a unique clinical challenge. Data on its presentation and surgical outcomes in Nigeria are limited. This study reviews the clinical presentation, operative treatment, and outcomes of children and adolescents who underwent thyroid surgery at a mission hospital in Southern Nigeria.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>This was a retrospective descriptive case series of children and adolescents aged 0-17 years who underwent surgery for thyroid disorders at a mission hospital in Abia State, Nigeria, between January 2015 and December 2023. Data were extracted from clinical records, operative notes, and histopathology reports. Variables included demographic characteristics, clinical presentation, thyroid function status, surgical procedure, histopathological diagnosis, and postoperative complications. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics. Fisher's exact test was used to compare postoperative complication rates between types of thyroidectomy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 1,071 thyroidectomies performed during the study period, 43 paediatric cases met the inclusion criteria and were analysed. The median age was 16 years, with an interquartile range of 14-17 years, and 36 patients were female. Total thyroidectomy was performed in 34 patients, while nine underwent lobectomy. Histopathological diagnoses were benign in 39 patients and malignant in four. Diffuse thyroid follicular hyperplasia in Graves' disease was the most common clinicopathological diagnosis, followed by multinodular goitre. Postoperative complications were recorded in seven patients, with transient hypocalcaemia and neck haematoma being the most frequent. There was no apparent relationship between the type of surgery and postoperative complications.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Paediatric goitre requiring surgery was uncommon and occurred mainly in female adolescents. Most lesions were benign, while malignancies were infrequent but clinically important. Short-term surgical outcomes were generally favourable, supporting the feasibility of paediatric thyroid surgery in a high-volume hospital setting.</p>","PeriodicalId":94346,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian medical journal : journal of the Nigeria Medical Association","volume":"67 4","pages":"1359-1369"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13527799/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148868590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of a Behavioural Management Training on Knowledge and Self-efficacy of Speech Therapists in Managing Children with Neurodevelopmental Disorders in Lagos State, Nigeria.","authors":"Deborah Tope Duruchukwu, Yetunde Celia Adeniyi, Oluwabunmi Funmilola Fola-Bolumole, Cornelius Ani, Olayinka Olusola Omigbodun","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Challenging behaviours are highly prevalent among children with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), particularly those with speech impairments. Speech and language therapists in low- and middle-income countries, including Nigeria, frequently encounter these behaviours during service delivery but often report limited training in effective behavioural management approaches such as Functional Behavioural Analysis (FBA). This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a behavioural management training programme on the knowledge and self-efficacy of speech therapists managing children with NDDs.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>A quasi-experimental one-group pre-post intervention design was employed, conducted in three phases: baseline, intervention, and post-intervention. Sixteen participants were recruited using purposive sampling. Pre- and post-intervention knowledge and self-efficacy related to challenging behaviour management were assessed. Data was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The intervention resulted in significant improvements in both knowledge and self-efficacy. Mean knowledge scores increased from 10.69 (± 1.40) at baseline to 11.50 (± 0.73) post-intervention. Self-efficacy scores also improved significantly, rising from 5.06 (± 2.08) to 7.50 (± 1.21). The effect size (Cohen's d = 1.03) indicates a large effect, suggesting that the intervention is potentially effective in improving participants' skills and confidence in managing challenging behaviours.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Behavioural management training based on FBA appears effective in improving knowledge and self-efficacy among speech and language therapists working with children with NDDs. Integrating such training into professional development programmes may strengthen service delivery, improve access to care, and optimise outcomes for children in low-resource settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":94346,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian medical journal : journal of the Nigeria Medical Association","volume":"67 3","pages":"1573-1582"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13527786/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148868796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thyroglossal Duct Cyst in a Tertiary Hospital in Kaduna: A Retrospective Review.","authors":"Usman Ibrahim Dansani, Hauwa Ladidi Usman, Rasheeda Oladigbolu Sanni, Saheed Babatunde Nasir, Mustapha Yaro Abubakar, Maimuna Umar Damagum, Mohammed Abdullah Abdulmalik","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Thyroglossal duct cyst (TGDC) is the most common congenital midline abnormality in the Head and Neck region, commonly presents as, a painless slowly progressive midline swelling, which moves with deglutition, and tongue protrusion. The aim of the study is to assess the clinical presentation and treatment of TGDC at a tertiary hospital in Kaduna, North-Western Nigeria.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>It was a retrospective descriptive study; medical records of patients diagnosed with TGDC from January 2013 to September 2025 were reviewed. Data were collected from medical records, with variables including demographics, clinical presentation, investigations, and treatment outcomes. Categorical variables were presented in frequency tables and percentages, continuous variables were presented in mean and standard deviation, the relationship of variables was analysed using Chi-square and Fisher's exact test, level of significance was set at p value <0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Forty-six patients (74.2%) had complete records and were reviewed. Their ages ranged from 1-54 years (mean 15.0 ± 14.5 years), with males accounting for 54.3%. Most patients (80.4%) presented within five years of symptom onset, predominantly with neck masses (97.8%), while 8.7% had discharging sinuses. Central (69.6%) and infrahyoid (63.0%) lesions were most common. Twelve patients had infected cysts, with three requiring incision and drainage. Half underwent Sistrunk's procedure, while the remainder defaulted. Five patients developed complications, but no recurrence occurred. FNAC was significantly associated with undergoing Sistrunk's procedure (p = 0.008), unlike age or gender.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The Sistrunk procedure provided a good outcome with minimal complications among those treated. However, there is significant patient default that needs further investigation in order to gain insight into the reasons.</p>","PeriodicalId":94346,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian medical journal : journal of the Nigeria Medical Association","volume":"67 4","pages":"1632-1639"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13533549/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148877102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic Accuracy of Combined Ultrasonography and Mammography for Assessing Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Breast Cancer.","authors":"Nasirudeen Oloko, Zaid Al-Ishaq, Suaad Ali Saleh Al Aghbari, Mustafa Talib, Mosab Al Ibraheem, Marwa M Youssef, Muhammad Y Jan, Badriya S Al-Qassabi, Reem Almazroui, Khalid Al-Baimani, Suhaila M Alfarsi, Syed M J Akter, Adil Aljarrah","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) is commonly used in locally advanced, inflammatory, and biologically aggressive breast cancers to downstage tumors, facilitate breast-conserving surgery, and guide adjuvant treatment decisions. Response assessment after NACT relies on clinical examination and imaging modalities such as ultrasound, mammography, and MRI, with variable diagnostic accuracy. This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of combined breast ultrasound and mammography in assessing response to NACT. Secondary objectives included determining the rates of pathological complete response (pCR) and radiological complete response (rCR), as well as the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of combined imaging in predicting pCR.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>A total of 145 consecutive patients diagnosed with breast cancer between January 2021 and June 2024 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients received neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT), followed by post-treatment breast ultrasonography and mammography performed 2-3 weeks after completion of NACT, depending on the chemotherapy regimen. Radiologic response was subsequently compared with final postoperative histopathology.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The combined use of breast ultrasound and mammography demonstrated an overall accuracy of 89.7% (95% CI: 83.6-94.1) in predicting pathological response, with a sensitivity of 81.8% (95% CI: 69.1-90.9) and specificity of 94.4% (95% CI: 87.5-98.2). The positive predictive value was 90.0% (95% CI: 78.2-96.7). However, subgroup analysis showed lower performance in the HR-/HER2+ subtype, with an accuracy of 68.2% (95% CI: 45.1-86.1) and a sensitivity of 63.1% (95% CI: 38.4-83.7).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Combined breast ultrasonography and digital mammography demonstrated good accuracy in predicting pathologic response; however, variability across tumor subtypes underscores the need to integrate imaging findings with tumor biology and clinical context when planning surgical management.</p>","PeriodicalId":94346,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian medical journal : journal of the Nigeria Medical Association","volume":"67 4","pages":"1350-1358"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13527803/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148868657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Mystery in the Male Breast: Immunomorphological Confirmation of Invasive Papillary Carcinoma in an Elderly.","authors":"Zainab Ali Adamu, Zakari Ya'u Lawal, Abdullahi Mohammed","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Male invasive papillary carcinoma (IPC) of the breast is an uncommon malignancy, accounting for a small proportion of male breast cancers, and poses significant diagnostic challenges because of its rarity and morphological overlap with other papillary lesions. We report the case of an 85-year-old man who presented with a recurrent painless right breast mass following previous excision without histological evaluation. He underwent simple mastectomy with sentinel lymph node biopsy. Histopathological examination demonstrated an invasive papillary carcinoma comprising over 90% papillary architecture, absence of a myoepithelial layer, and Nottingham Grade 2 morphology. Immunohistochemistry showed diffuse estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor positivity with negative HER2-neu expression, confirming a luminal A molecular subtype. The sentinel lymph node was free of metastasis. The patient received adjuvant tamoxifen and chemotherapy and remains under follow-up. This case highlights the importance of meticulous histomorphological assessment complemented by immunohistochemistry in establishing the diagnosis and guiding management of this rare male breast malignancy, particularly in resource-limited settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":94346,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian medical journal : journal of the Nigeria Medical Association","volume":"67 4","pages":"1659-1666"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13527811/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148868750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}