Nigerian medical journal : journal of the Nigeria Medical Association最新文献

{"title":"Pattern of Root Fracture among Adult Patients with Traumatic Dental Injuries to Anterior Teeth.","authors":"Joan Enabulele, Harrison Omokhua, Louis Ibhawoh","doi":"10.71480/nmj.v66i2.669","DOIUrl":"10.71480/nmj.v66i2.669","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dental trauma is a major public health issue, with the prevalence of traumatic dental injuries varying by country, geographic location, and age group. The study aimed to assess the pattern of root fractures in adult patients with traumatic dental injuries. Do traumatic dental injuries influence the pattern of root fractures?</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>This was a descriptive cross-sectional study of patients presenting with dental traumatic injuries. Data was collected via an interviewer-administered questionnaire. The data collated were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 26.0. The data was subjected to analysis using descriptive statistics. The chi-square test was used to determine associations between categorical variables with a p-value set at 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eighty patients with radiographically confirmed root fractures of the anterior teeth were recruited to undertake this study. The participants were aged between 23 years and 69 years. The most prevalent presenting complaint was pain (53.8%). The main etiological factor of the traumatic incident was interpersonal violence (42.4%). The arch most involved was the maxillary arch (75.0%) with the central incisor being the most affected teeth (75.0%). The fracture of the apical third was the most recorded (67.5%). There was a statistically significant association between the gender of the patient and the location of the root fracture with 90.0% of males presenting with apical root fracture and 40.0% of females presenting with coronal third root fracture.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study concluded that traumatic dental injuries are common and different patterns of fractures were reported. Apical third fracture was reported as the most common pattern of root fracture in this study to be the most common in terms of pattern. The clinical relevance is to improve the high index of suspicion of apical root fracture in traumatic dental injuries.</p>","PeriodicalId":94346,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian medical journal : journal of the Nigeria Medical Association","volume":"66 2","pages":"705-714"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12280283/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144700845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perception of Autopsy among Selected Healthcare Workers at a Tertiary Hospital in Freetown, Sierra Leone- A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Babatunde Moses Duduyemi, Moses Tamba Momoh, Finda Rosemarie Ngongou, Aloysius Kalawa, Solomon Fallah Foa Sandy, Nnaemeka Thaddeus Onyishi","doi":"10.71480/nmj.v66i2.667","DOIUrl":"10.71480/nmj.v66i2.667","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Autopsy is a specialized surgical procedure that thoroughly examines a dead body to determine the cause and manner of death and assess any pre-existing conditions. Studies show its practice has significantly declined in recent years. In Sierra Leone, some deaths are attributed to traditional and religious beliefs due to the lack of scientific explanations. Even within the medical community, many deaths remain undiagnosed despite advanced diagnostic tools like CT scans and MRIs. Clinicians often overlook autopsy as a tool for solving such mysteries. This study aimed to evaluate the perception of autopsy among doctors and nurses at a tertiary hospital in Freetown, Sierra Leone.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>A cross-sectional study design enrolled 215 doctors and nurses using probability proportionate to size, followed by random sampling. Data was collected through a semi-structured questionnaire, and SPSS Version 26.0 was used for analysis. Descriptive statistics, Chi-square, and logistic regression analyses were performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age of participants was 32.8 ±7.42 years. Nurses accounted for 73.5% of the study participants. 48.4% and 38.1% of the participants had fair and good knowledge regarding autopsy respectively, and 81.9% displayed a positive attitude. However, only 53.5% had a positive perception, with doctors showing a higher proportion. Only 36.7% were open to organ donation, and most (71.6%) were unaware of policies guiding autopsy practice at the study site. Profession did not predict participant's knowledge (p-value > 0.05); but it significantly predicted their perception, with doctors 4.62 times more likely to have a positive perception (AOR= 4.62, p value< 0.001). The T-test analysis showed that doctors showed higher knowledge and perception than nurses.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although many participants had fair to good knowledge and a positive attitude, more awareness is still needed about the medical benefits of autopsy.</p>","PeriodicalId":94346,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian medical journal : journal of the Nigeria Medical Association","volume":"66 2","pages":"512-527"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12280299/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144700846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Speech Disorders in Children with Congenital Heart Disease Attending a Tertiary Institution in South East Nigeria.","authors":"Awoere T Chinawa, Jude T Onyia, Paschal U Chime, Grace Agu, Ogbonna O Nwankwo, Francis N Ogbuka, Edmund N Ossai, Daberechi K Adiele, Josephat M Chinawa","doi":"10.71480/nmj.v66i2.757","DOIUrl":"10.71480/nmj.v66i2.757","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Speech problems are neurodevelopmental disorders rarely reported in children with congenital heart defects (CHD). This study aimed to elicit various speech disorders in children with CHD compared to controls.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>This cross-sectional study involved 50 children with CHD and 50 children without CHD (control group).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Children with heart defects had a higher mean score (1.02±0.16) for speech problems than the control (0.22±0.14), with a statistically significant p-value of <0.0001. Difficulty in understanding a child's speech was also more pronounced in children with heart defects (1.00±0.16) than in control (0.27±0.19), p=0.006. Understanding speech over the phone was significantly harder for children with heart defects (1.22±0.18) compared to control (1.93±1.83), p=0.003. The belief that a child might have a stutter was significantly higher in children with heart defects (0.65±0.14) versus (0.29±0.2), p=0.0001. Tourette's syndrome was reported more frequently in those with heart defects (1.14±0.18) than in those with heart defects (0.1±0.07; p=0.0001). Family history of speech or language disorder shows significant differences, with children with heart defects scoring 0.65±0.15 versus 0.01±0.001, p= 0.001. The prevalence of speech disorders was significantly higher in 36% of children with heart defects, which was significantly higher than 4% seen in controls. χ²=14.18; p=0.0001, Regarding the age of the child, 36.8% of children under five years of age had a speech disorder compared to 33.3% of those aged five years and older. p= 0.825, OR= 1.1 (95% CI: 0.2 - 4.5).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Children with CHD presented with a higher prevalence of speech disorders compared with control. The prevalence of speech disorders among children with CHD was higher in children who were less than five years old. Furthermore, children with CHD had a significant family history of speech or language disorders than control.</p>","PeriodicalId":94346,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian medical journal : journal of the Nigeria Medical Association","volume":"66 2","pages":"735-745"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12280321/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144700867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ending Nuclear Weapons, Before They End Us.","authors":"Kamran Abbasi, Parveen Ali, Virginia Barbour, Marion Birch, Inga Blum, Peter Doherty, Andy Haines, Ira Helfand, Richard Horton, Kati Juva, Jose F Lapena, Robert Mash, Olga Mironova, Arun Mitra, Carlos Monteiro, Elena N Naumova, David Onazi, Tilman Ruff, Peush Sahni, James Tumwine, Carlos Umaña, Paul Yonga, Chris Zielinski","doi":"10.71480/nmj.v66i2.883","DOIUrl":"10.71480/nmj.v66i2.883","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The World Health Assembly (WHA) will vote on re-establishing a mandate for the World Health Organization (WHO) to address the health consequences of nuclear weapons and war during the WHA in May 2025. This mandate is important as the world has witnessed a reduction in the commitment to nuclear arms reduction from the world's nuclear states indicating thata worldwide nuclear arms race is underway. The Marshall Islands, Samoa and Vanuatu, supported by seven co-sponsoring states and the International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War (IPPNW), are working to renew WHO's mandateon nuclear weapons and health which lapsed in 2020. They are seeking wide support for a resolution on the health effects of nuclear weapons/war at this year's WHA in Geneva on 19-27 May 2025, that would enable the WHO to re-establish a programme of work on this most critical threat to health and be able to lead strongly in providing the best health evidence to the UN panel. It is in furtherance of the advocacy to support this mandate that this editorial is published to promote support for this cause that will provide vital authoritative and up-to-date evidence for health and public education to advance global health and reduce the health risk associated with nuclear weapons and war.</p>","PeriodicalId":94346,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian medical journal : journal of the Nigeria Medical Association","volume":"66 2","pages":"845-848"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12280302/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144700817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Iron Deficiency Anaemia among Chronic Heart Failure Patients in Owerri, Nigeria.","authors":"Okechukwu Francis Nwako, Okechukwu Samuel Ogah, Osaretin James Odia, Chinwe Angela Nwako, Azubuike Benjamin Nwako, Malachy Chukwuemeka Iheanacho, Patrick Chinedu Obi, Chibueze Onyinyechi U Eke, Godwin Chukwuemeka Mbata, Charles Nwaora Nwako, Gabriel Uche P Iloh, Fidelis Nwachukwu","doi":"10.71480/nmj.v66i2.630","DOIUrl":"10.71480/nmj.v66i2.630","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Heart failure (HF) is defined as a clinical syndrome with symptoms and/or signs caused by a structural and/or functional cardiac abnormality and corroborated by elevated natriuretic peptide levels and/or objective evidence of pulmonary or systemic congestion. Iron deficiency (ID) and erythropoietin dysfunction have been demonstrated as the two basic mechanisms for anaemia in HF. Iron deficiency in chronic heart failure (CHF) is defined as serum ferritin < 100 μg/l or serum ferritin 100-299 μg/l +Transferrin saturation < 20%. In the presence of anaemia, ID is considered iron deficiency anaemia (IDA). This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of IDA in patients with chronic heart failure.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>This was a hospital-based, cross-sectional descriptive study carried out at Federal Teaching Hospital Owerri, Nigeria. One hundred and sixty (160) HF participants were consecutively recruited in this study. Iron deficiency anaemia was defined by serum ferritin level < 100ug/l or mean cell volume (MCV) < 80% and haemoglobin (Hb) < 10g/dl. The sociodemographic characteristics were obtained through a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Ninety-five (59.4%) participants were males while 65 (40.6%) were females with a ratio of 1.5:1. The mean age of the total participant was 62.82±14.86 years. Of the 160 participants studied, 118 had anaemia with a prevalence of 73.8%. The prevalence of iron deficiency anaemia was 43.8%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study demonstrated a high prevalence of iron deficiency anaemia among chronic heart failure patients in our environment.</p>","PeriodicalId":94346,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian medical journal : journal of the Nigeria Medical Association","volume":"66 2","pages":"480-488"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12280323/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144700864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 and insulin-like growth factor binding protein 7 as a predictor of acute kidney injury in obstetric patients.","authors":"Rekha Sachan, Munna Lal Patel, Himani Chaudhary, Radhey Shyam, Wahid Ali","doi":"10.71480/nmj.v66i2.811","DOIUrl":"10.71480/nmj.v66i2.811","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study seeks to evaluate the role of the combination of cell cycle arrest urine biomarkers, Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP2) and insulin-like growth factor binding protein 7 (IGFBP7) for early prediction of AKI in critically ill obstetrics patients.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>This prospective observational study was conducted at Obstetrics Intensive Care Unit. Blood and urine samples were taken from critically sick obstetric patients on the day of admission, and the second urine sample was taken after 48 hours. Following admission, the APACHE 2 score was determined. According to the manufacturer's instructions, an ELISA kit was used to perform the final estimation of [TIMP2]*[IGFBP7]. AKI was diagnosed and staged as per KDIGO 2012 guidelines.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At the time of admission, AKI was not present in any of the 131 critically ill obstetric patients who met the study's inclusion requirements. Only 127 out of the 131 patients were analysed, four patients were excluded, 3 patients died within 48 hours, and 1 patient left against medical advice. Pregnancy-related hypertensive disorders accounted for the majority of AKI as risk factors (57.1%), followed by haemorrhage (48.1%), which included abruption in 19.5%, placenta previa/accreta/percreta (10.4%), and PPH (14.3%).Patients who developed AKI had a substantially higher mean [TIMP2]*[IGFBP7] on the day of admission (3.47±3.66 (ng/ml)²/1000) than those who did not (0.22±0.12 ng/ml)²/1000). ROC curve analysis was used to determine the diagnostic accuracy of [TIMP2]*[IGFBP7] levels on Day 1. [TIMP2]*[IGFBP7] exhibited a sensitivity of 94.8% and specificity of 94% for predicting AKI at a cutoff value of ≥0.41(ng/ml)²/1000, with a 95% confidence interval and an AUC of 0.990.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Patient risk of developing AKI was accurately predicted by the urine biomarker [TIMP-2]*[IGFBP7]. It also has good prognostic value.</p>","PeriodicalId":94346,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian medical journal : journal of the Nigeria Medical Association","volume":"66 2","pages":"724-734"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12280317/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144700871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ovarian Cancers in a Northern Nigerian Hospital: Epidemiology, Clinicopathology and Treatment Options.","authors":"Akwaowo Etukudo, Aisha Mustapha, Zainab Ali Adamu, Shehu Salihu Umar, Yusuf Tukur, Anisah Yahya, Murtala Abubakar, Adekunle Olanrewaju Oguntayo, Bala Mohammed Audu","doi":"10.71480/nmj.v66i1.604","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.71480/nmj.v66i1.604","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In Nigeria, Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynaecologic cancer. The management of disease in developing countries poses a huge challenge due to late presentation and/or diagnosis, poverty, poor health insurance coverage, and the dearth of specialists in the region amongst others. Record keeping is poor. Treatment options are limited with high default rates and mortality. This was a five-year review of clinicopathology and treatment strategies for ovarian cancers in Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>A retrospective study of all primary ovarian cancers diagnosed and or treated in ABUTH Zaria from 1st January 2016 to 31st December 2020 was carried out. A total of 38 cases were retrieved and relevant data was extracted. The data collected were entered into Open Data Kit (ODK) and analysed using descriptive statistics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Most patients were aged 35 to 54 years with an overall mean age of 51.2 ±13.8 years. Only 34% of patients were nulliparous and 63.2% were post-menopausal. The commonest symptoms were abdominal swelling (94.7%), and abdominal pain (68.4%). Epithelial carcinomas (81.8%) were the commonest histotype of which serous adenocarcinoma (85.1%) was the commonest. There was no distinction between high-grade and low-grade serous carcinomas. Rare ovarian tumours (germ cell and sex cord/stromal) accounted for 18.2%. Most patients presented with stage III disease and above (77.7%) with no one presenting at stage I. Thirty-five patients (92.1%) had surgery, twenty-four (63.2%) had chemotherapy and four patients (10.5%) had targeted therapy. No patient had hormonal therapy, genetic testing, Poly-adenosine diphosphate-ribose polymerase inhibitors (PARPi), Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC), or palliative radiotherapy. Only 12% had an MDT discussion. One-year post-diagnosis, the majority were lost to follow-up (73.7%) while 21.1% of patients were still on follow-up.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Ovarian cancer patients in ABUTH were relatively younger, unemployed, multiparous, and symptomatic. Some standards of care management practices were omitted.</p>","PeriodicalId":94346,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian medical journal : journal of the Nigeria Medical Association","volume":"66 1","pages":"99-108"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12038617/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144057193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sleep disturbances in Healthcare Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic.","authors":"Abdelkrim Khannous, Samira Essoli, Adraa Khannous, Fatiha Bounoua, Oussama Halloumi, Houda Moubachir, Latifa Adarmouch, Hind Serhane","doi":"10.71480/nmj.v66i1.573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.71480/nmj.v66i1.573","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Many studies have reported the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the rhythms and sleep in various populations. Particularly in frontline healthcare workers, which are highly susceptible to developing sleep disturbances. Therefore, the present study was conducted to determine the prevalence and determinants of sleep disturbances in healthcare workers at the regional Hospital Hassan II in Agadir, Morocco.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>A cross-sectional study among frontline healthcare workers was conducted at the Regional Hospital in Agadir, by administering an online questionnaire using the Google Forms platform distributed through social media. The questionnaire was anonymous, and data confidentiality was assured. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 21.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 54 healthcare professionals filled in the questionnaire. The mean age was 28.81±05.35, The two-thirds were female participants (59.3%), and the mean Epworth score was 07.53±04.05, High prevalence rates of sleep disorders were reported as follows; sleep onset insomnia (27.4), excessive daytime sleepiness (24.1), snoring (24.1).We found that morning headaches and concentration difficulties are factors associated with sleep disorders among healthcare workers.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>COVID-19 has a high risk of poor sleep quality, with many consequences. Measures to improve the sleep and well-being of healthcare workers are needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":94346,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian medical journal : journal of the Nigeria Medical Association","volume":"66 1","pages":"82-90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12038625/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144051425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Pattern of Analgesic Abuse Among Undergraduate Students of University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria.","authors":"Fredrick C Enuagwuna, Charles I Tobin-West, Favour A Dappa, Thank-God C Bethel","doi":"10.71480/nmj.v66i1.647","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.71480/nmj.v66i1.647","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The habitual or excessive use of painkillers, including prescription and over-the-counter drugs, that deviates from medical guidelines is known as analgesic abuse, and this includes taking larger doses than recommended, using the drugs for non-medical purposes, or continuing to take the medication despite adverse effects on one's physical, mental, and social well-being. Devastating health effects may result from this. The prevalence and patterns of analgesic abuse among University of Port Harcourt undergraduate students were evaluated in this study.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted, and respondents were selected using a multistage sampling method. A self-administered, structured questionnaire was used to gather the data, and IBM Statistical Product for Service Solution (SPSS) version 25 was used to analyze the data; means, frequency, proportions, chi-square, and regression analysis were used to summarize the results. A p-value of less than 0.05 was deemed statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>384 students in all, with a median age of 20, were interviewed. The distribution of results showed that 207 (53.9%) of the respondents were males and 177 (46.1%) were females. The majority of responders, 339 (69.6%), used paracetamol, with headaches accounting for 316 (57.4%) of all uses. The findings also showed that the prevalence of analgesic abuse was 9.1%, with paracetamol being the most frequently abused medicine (42.9%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although the results indicated that the prevalence of analgesic abuse among University of Port Harcourt undergraduate students was low, most respondents used analgesic medication without a prescription from a doctor. The most common reasons for using analgesics were headaches, muscle pain, and menstrual cramps. It is crucial that the institution implements strategic plans to ensure that students are taught how to use analgesics properly.</p>","PeriodicalId":94346,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian medical journal : journal of the Nigeria Medical Association","volume":"66 1","pages":"142-155"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12038639/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144049105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mandibular reconstruction with non-vascularized bone graft in a double bridging technique.","authors":"Obitade Sunday Obimakinde, Sunday Ogunsuyi Popoola, Kehinde Olubukola Ojo, Moruf Babatunde Yusuf, John Adetunji Omotayo, Akinwale Olaleye Akinbade","doi":"10.71480/nmj.v66i1.581","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.71480/nmj.v66i1.581","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Reconstruction of the mandible following tumor resection or trauma can be challenging due to associated functional and esthetic problems. Various options have been described in the literature, but non-vascularized bone graft remain a viable option in middle- and low-income countries, Nigeria inclusive. We hereby report our experience with the use of non-vascularized bone graft with mandibular reconstruction plates in a double bridging technique for mandibular reconstruction in our institution.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>Patients who had mandibular defect reconstruction with non-vascularized bone graft between January 2012 and December 2021 were included in this study. Grafts were harvested from either the rib or contralateral iliac crest and secured with mandibular reconstruction plate and screws in a double bridging technique. Patients were followed for a minimum of 12 months and outcomes such as the level of patients' satisfaction with appearance, graft take, bony continuity and complications were assessed and analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty eight patients comprising 18 males and 10 females [M:F 1.8:1] had mandibular defect reconstruction with double bridging technique during the study period. Donor site distribution revealed that 64.3% [n=18] had their grafts harvested from the iliac crest while the remaining 10 [35.7%] were taken from the rib. Ameloblastoma [75%, n=21] was the commonest lesion necessitating resection of the mandible amongst the subjects. The follow up result showed that appearance was satisfactory in 25 patients [89%], graft take/ restoration of bony continuity in 27 patients [96%], graft infection occurred in 2 patients [7.1%] while only one case of graft failure was established [3.6%].</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A combination of non-vascularized bone graft with reconstruction plate in a bridging technique is a viable option for mandibular reconstruction in a resource-limited setting.</p>","PeriodicalId":94346,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian medical journal : journal of the Nigeria Medical Association","volume":"66 1","pages":"91-98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12038612/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144036702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}