Nigerian medical journal : journal of the Nigeria Medical Association最新文献

{"title":"Effects of Nurse-Led Preoperative Visit on Postoperative Pain and Recovery among Surgical Patients in Nigeria: A Quasi-experimental Study.","authors":"Demilade Raqeebat Gbadamosi, Lucia Yetunde Ojewale","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Surgical patients' attitudes and perceptions of pain often impact their post-surgical pain experience and treatment effectiveness. Inadequate education and unclear postoperative pain expectations have been associated with heightened pain perception. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of perioperative nurse pre-visits on the pain and recovery level of surgical patients.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>A quasi-experimental design was employed among 128 surgical patients (64 in each of the experimental and control groups), scheduled for surgery at the University College Hospital in Ibadan, Nigeria. Ethical approval was obtained from the institution's ethical review board with approval number UI/EC/24/0180 (08/4/2025-7/4/2025). The experimental group were pre-visited by the operating room nurse and received individual preoperative education and counselling. The patients in the control group received the routine information and education from generalist nurses on the ward. Using the visual analogue scale, post-surgical pain was measured within one and 24 hours post-operation. Patients' recovery level was assessed 48 to 72 hours after surgery, using a post-recovery scale. The data was analysed utilising the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23. The hypotheses were evaluated using the independent t-test.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>Patients in the experimental group had a significantly lower pain score than the control group one hour and twenty-four hours following surgery (p < 0.001). Participants' post-operative assessments showed a significantly satisfactory recovery in 96.9% of the experimental group against 82.8% of the control group (p = 0.008).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Pre-operative surgical nurse pre-visits had a significant effect on pain and recovery among surgical patients. Therefore, measures should be taken to incorporate it into clinical nursing protocols to improve patient satisfaction and recovery.</p>","PeriodicalId":94346,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian medical journal : journal of the Nigeria Medical Association","volume":"67 4","pages":"1416-1429"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13527791/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148868704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Demographic Characteristics, Clinical Presentations, and Dermoscopic Patterns among Patients with Scabies at a Nigerian Tertiary Hospital: A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Christabel Avwerosuoghene Ovesuor, Uche Rowland Ojinmah, Chinwe Onyekonwu, Chizaram Onyeaghala, Oghenevwele Anderson Okuma, Gladys Ozoh","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Scabies is a highly contagious parasitic infestation that causes substantial morbidity, especially in low-resource tropical regions. Diagnostic limitations, particularly poor sensitivity of microscopy and the impact of dark skin pigmentation on lesion visibility, contribute to persistent transmission. Dermoscopy offers a rapid, non-invasive method of direct visualization of mites, yet evidence from Africa remains scarce. This study evaluates the demographic characteristics, clinical presentation, and the diagnostic accuracy of dermoscopy compared with skin scraping microscopy among patients with clinically suspected scabies in Southeast Nigeria.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted among consecutively recruited, consenting participants with symptoms suggestive of scabies at the Dermatology clinic of the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital (UNTH), Enugu, between March 2021 and March 2022. Sociodemographic characteristics, Clinical presentation, and dermoscopic assessment using a smartphone dermatoscope at × 200 magnification were obtained, with confirmatory skin-scraping microscopy. Sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, and 95% confidence intervals were calculated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 170 patients (mean age 26.9 ± 17.2 years; 55.3% female). Dermoscopy identified mites in 86.5% of participants, while microscopy confirmed mites or eggs in 41%. Compared with microscopy, dermoscopy demonstrated a sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 16%, positive predictive value of 45%, and negative predictive value of 100% relative to microscopy. The \"Delta Jet Wing\" sign was observed in 71.8% of cases on dermoscopy.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Scabies predominantly occurred among young adult females of lower socioeconomic status with papules as its most common clinical presentation. Dermoscopy demonstrates excellent sensitivity but poor specificity and is a useful diagnostic tool for scabies in resource-limited settings. Its integration into clinical dermatology practice in Nigeria may significantly improve early detection and limit community transmission.</p>","PeriodicalId":94346,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian medical journal : journal of the Nigeria Medical Association","volume":"67 4","pages":"1583-1594"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13527812/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148868726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prostate Cancer Management in Nigeria: A mini-review of up-to-date treatment options.","authors":"Emmanuel O Oisakede","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Prostate cancer remains a major public health challenge in Nigeria, being the most commonly diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer-related mortality among men. Despite recent improvements in cancer policies, registries, and selected diagnostic and treatment investments, access to timely, equitable, and guideline-concordant care remains limited. Current evidence indicates persistent late presentation, delays in diagnosis and staging, high out-of-pocket costs, and significant disparities in access to specialist services. Although curative treatments such as radical prostatectomy, radiotherapy, and brachytherapy are available in selected centres, many patients present with advanced disease or experience delays that limit their effectiveness. Consequently, androgen-deprivation therapy remains the predominant treatment modality. Improving outcomes requires strengthening the entire care pathway through early risk-based detection, efficient referral systems, faster pathology services, expanded financial protection, multidisciplinary management, and robust monitoring of treatment outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":94346,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian medical journal : journal of the Nigeria Medical Association","volume":"67 4","pages":"1320-1337"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13527800/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148868782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prominent Self-Injurious Behavior Masking the Diagnosis of Rett Syndrome: A Case Report from a Resource-Limited Setting.","authors":"Franca Ogechi Iheonu, Beatrice Nkolika Ezenwa, Elizabeth Eberechi Oyenusi, Foluso Ebun Afolabi Lesi, Lilian Obianuju Ndukwu","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rett syndrome (RTT) is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by developmental regression, loss of purposeful hand use, and stereotypic movements after apparently normal early development. We report a 26-month-old girl who presented with severe self-injurious behavior (SIB), including repetitive biting of the left forearm and head banging, associated with restlessness, frequent yelling, and poor sleep. Further evaluation revealed regression of motor, language, and hand skills with stereotypic hand wringing. Examination showed impaired social interaction, ataxic gait, and hypertrophic scars on the left forearm, while neurologic and systemic examinations were otherwise non-focal. Brain magnetic resonance imaging and electroencephalography were normal. In the absence of genetic testing, the diagnosis of RTT was established based on internationally accepted clinical diagnostic criteria. Parents were counseled for multidisciplinary care and followed up over a six-month period. This case highlights that prominent SIB may obscure the diagnosis of RTT and delay recognition, particularly in resource-limited settings where genetic testing is unavailable.</p>","PeriodicalId":94346,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian medical journal : journal of the Nigeria Medical Association","volume":"67 4","pages":"1640-1648"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13527807/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148868813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post-Coital Intracranial Haemorrhage: A Nigerian Regional Experience.","authors":"Linda U Iroegbu-Emeruem, Chibuike U Akaa","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Post-coital intracranial haemorrhage (PC-ICH) is a non-traumatic intracranial bleeding occurring during or within 30 minutes of sexual intercourse. In sub-Saharan Africa, poorly controlled hypertension, delayed presentation, and limited access to neurosurgical care compound its lethality. No prospective series from the region exists.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>Prospective observational cohort study at a tertiary referral centre in a metropolitan city in the south-south region of Nigeria, from January 2021 to December 2025. Consecutive adults presenting with CT-confirmed, non-traumatic ICH where coitus was the immediately preceding activity were enrolled. The primary outcome was the six-month Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) score; secondary outcomes were in-hospital mortality and in-hospital complications.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fifty-two patients were enrolled over five years (mean age 49.6 ± 9.8 years; 57.7% male). Hypertensive ICH was the most common aetiology (53.8%; n=28), followed by aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (aSAH; 36.5%; n=19) and other/undetermined causes (9.6%; n=5). Median time from ictus to hospital arrival was 41.2 hours; only 11.5% presented within six hours. Overall six-month mortality was 19.2% (n=10); a favourable functional outcome (GOS 4-5, i.e. moderate disability or good recovery) was achieved in 59.6% (n=31). Low GCS on admission (OR 9.4; 95% CI 2.6-34.0; p < 0.001), haematoma expansion or rebleeding and presentation delay >24 hours (OR 4.3; p = 0.012) were the strongest independent predictors of poor outcome.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>PC-ICH in the region is predominantly a complication of uncontrolled hypertension in middle-aged men. Delayed presentation, driven by sociocultural stigma, misdiagnosis, and financial barriers, is the most actionable determinant of poor outcome. Intensification of hypertension control, structured emergency triage for post-coital thunderclap headache, and removal of financial barriers to neurosurgical care are urgently required.</p>","PeriodicalId":94346,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian medical journal : journal of the Nigeria Medical Association","volume":"67 4","pages":"1370-1385"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13527785/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148868835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-Medication Practices in Nigeria: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Chibuzor G Muoka, Nnedimma V Akparanta, Favour A Taribo, Chiemela O Onubogu, David A Asiegbu, Chidubem J Azubike, Iheomachi O Nwokoro, Chukwuebuka E Athan, Ugwunna Ede, Emmanuel I Uwaechina","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Self-medication is a common health-seeking practice in Nigeria and is associated with inappropriate medicine use, adverse drug reactions, and antimicrobial resistance. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence of self-medication in Nigeria and synthesize evidence on its patterns, determinants, and consequences.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>A systematic search of PubMed, Google Scholar, and African Journals Online (AJOL) was conducted for studies published between January 2000 and June 2025. Eligible studies reported self-medication practices among Nigerian populations. Study selection followed PRISMA guidelines, and methodological quality was assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Random-effects meta-analysis using a generalized linear mixed model was performed to estimate pooled prevalence with 95% confidence intervals (CI). A prediction interval was computed to estimate the expected range of true prevalence in future similar studies. The review protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD420251130710).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Ninety-one studies involving 37,359 participants were included, with 86 contributing to the meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of self-medication was 67.8% (95% CI: 63.0%-71.0%), with substantial heterogeneity (I² = 98.4%). Prevalence was highest among occupational groups (78.1%) and in workplace settings (81.3%). Antibiotics were the most commonly self-medicated drugs, followed by analgesics and antimalarials. Major drivers included perceived minor illness, previous treatment experience, time constraints, financial barriers, and easy access to medicines. One qualitative study was narratively synthesised but excluded from the quantitative meta-analysis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Self-medication is highly prevalent in Nigeria, with widespread non-prescription antibiotic use contributing to antimicrobial resistance. Strengthening medicine regulation, improving healthcare access, expanding health insurance coverage, enhancing public education, and implementing antimicrobial stewardship programmes are essential to curb inappropriate self-medication and its consequences.</p>","PeriodicalId":94346,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian medical journal : journal of the Nigeria Medical Association","volume":"67 4","pages":"1271-1296"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13527815/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148868808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sociodemographic Characteristics Associated with Overweight and Obesity among Adult Patients at a Tertiary Hospital in South-South Nigeria.","authors":"Nnenna Okore Ama Kalu, Sunday Bassey Udoh, Uduak-Obong Morgan Morgan","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Overweight and obesity are growing global public health challenges driven by genetic, environmental, and behavioural factors. In Nigeria, their prevalence is increasing amid epidemiological transition, but local sociodemographic determinants remain poorly understood. This study investigated sociodemographic factors associated with overweight and obesity among overweight and obese adults in Uyo, Nigeria.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted at the General Outpatient Clinic of the University of Uyo Teaching Hospital from July to December 2017. Using consecutive sampling, 385 overweight and obese adults aged ≥ 18 years were enrolled. Data were collected via interviewer-administered questionnaires and anthropometric measurements. Analysis was performed using IBM SPSS version 17.0, employing chi-square tests and multivariable logistic regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 380 completed responses (98.7% response rate), 73.7% (n=280) were obese and 26.3% (n=100) were overweight. Class I obesity was most prevalent (55%). Factors significantly associated with overweight and obesity in bivariate analysis were female gender (χ² = 32.69, p < 0.001), being married (χ² = 26.39, p < 0.001), age ≥ 40 years (χ² = 12.74, p < 0.001), Ibibio ethnicity (χ² = 22.62, p < 0.001), and occupational class (χ² = 16.06, p = 0.01). In the adjusted multivariable model, independent predictors of overweight and obesity were: female gender (aOR=6.33, 95% CI: 3.33-12.07), Ibibio ethnicity (aOR=2.02, 95% CI: 1.15-3.58), tertiary education (aOR=2.29, 95% CI: 1.02-5.17), and higher occupational classes (Class 2: aOR=5.30, 95% CI: 1.71-16.40; Class 3N: aOR=12.97, 95% CI: 1.45-115.76; Class 4: aOR=8.44, 95% CI: 2.57-27.79).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Female gender, older age, marital status, higher occupational class, Ibibio ethnicity, and tertiary education were significantly associated with overweight and obesity among the study participants. These findings highlight the necessity for targeted, culturally sensitive lifestyle intervention programs, particularly for women in higher socioeconomic groups, to address the increasing burden of overweight and obesity in Southern Nigeria.</p>","PeriodicalId":94346,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian medical journal : journal of the Nigeria Medical Association","volume":"67 4","pages":"1623-1631"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13527804/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148868366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computed Tomographic Patterns of Traumatic Brain Injury in a Nigerian Tertiary Hospital.","authors":"Iniobong Gabriel Abah, Mgbie Emeka Kelvin, Dianabasi Udoette Eduwem","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, particularly in low- and middle-income countries where road traffic accidents constitute a significant public health burden. Neuroimaging, especially computed tomography (CT), plays a pivotal role in the early diagnosis, management, and prognostication of TBI. Understanding the spectrum of neuroimaging findings in affected patients is essential for improving patient care and resource allocation, which is the aim of this study.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>This retrospective descriptive study reviewed cranial CT scans of patients diagnosed with traumatic brain injury at a tertiary healthcare institution in Uyo over a specified study period. Demographic data, mechanisms of injury, and computed tomographic findings were extracted from radiological records and patient case notes. CT findings assessed included, but were not limited to, skull fractures, extra-axial haemorrhages, intracerebral haemorrhage, cerebral contusions and midline shift. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 183 patients with traumatic brain injury were evaluated, with a male predominance of 80.3%. The majority of patients occurred within the economically active age group of 20-59 years. Road traffic accidents constituted the most common mechanism of injury at 70% (n = 128). The most frequent neuroimaging findings were scalp swelling (n = 137, 74.9%), cerebral contusion (n = 130, 71.0%), skull fracture (n = 109, 59.6%), Diffuse cerebral oedema (n = 101, 55.2%) and subdural haemorrhage (n = 84, 45.9%). Multiple intracranial lesions were identified in a considerable proportion of patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Traumatic brain injury in Uyo predominantly affects adult males and is commonly related to road traffic accidents. Cranial CT demonstrated a wide spectrum of neuroimaging abnormalities, with extra-axial haemorrhages and cerebral contusions being among the most frequent findings. Prompt neuroimaging evaluation remains indispensable in the diagnosis and management of TBI patients and may aid in improving clinical outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":94346,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian medical journal : journal of the Nigeria Medical Association","volume":"67 4","pages":"1386-1397"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13527784/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148868654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors Influencing the Choice of Surgery as a Future Career among Medical Students: A Cross-Sectional Multi-Institutional Study in Edo State, Nigeria.","authors":"Esteem Tagar, James Kpolugbo, Afokeoghene Gift Tagar, William Akerele, Lucky Aroboinosen Ehiagwina, Clement Osime, Ifeanyichukwu Michael Chukwu","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>There are concerns in some countries regarding a decline in medical students' interest in pursuing surgery as a career. Our study aimed to assess interest in a surgical career and the factors influencing medical students' career choices.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>We conducted a cross-sectional study involving medical students in the three clinical years at three medical schools in Edo State, southern Nigeria. Participants completed an online questionnaire on their sociodemographic characteristics, interest in surgery as a career, and factors influencing their career choices. Statistical analyses included chi-square tests and binary logistic regression. A p-value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 828 out of 1091 eligible students participated in the study, with a response rate of 75.90%. There were 390 (47.10%) males and 438 (52.90%) females, with a mean age of 23.25 ± 3.02 years. Among the participants, 413 (49.90%) were in year 4, 208 (25.10%) in year 5, and 207 (25.00%) in year 6. Overall, 47.50% of students expressed interest in pursuing a surgical career, with general surgery (15.50%) and cardiothoracic and vascular surgery (15.30%) being popular choices. Reasons for considering surgery included the application of practical skills (94.70%) and intellectual stimulation (93.10%). Concerns about surgeons' busy lifestyle (78.20%) and lengthy training duration (63.00%) were major deterrents. Males showed a higher inclination towards surgery than females (54.70% vs. 45.30%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Many medical students are interested in pursuing a career in surgery, with factors like hands-on work and academic interest influencing their choices. Addressing concerns about surgeons' lifestyle and training duration could help attract more students to the field. Tailored mentorship programmes, enhanced training opportunities, and improved compensation for surgeons could potentially strengthen the surgical workforce in Nigeria. Limitations of the study include its cross-sectional design and focus on medical students in Edo State.</p>","PeriodicalId":94346,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian medical journal : journal of the Nigeria Medical Association","volume":"67 4","pages":"1338-1349"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13527806/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148868665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abstracts of the 66th Annual General Conference of the Nigerian Medical Association.","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94346,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian medical journal : journal of the Nigeria Medical Association","volume":"67 3","pages":"1241-1250"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13477721/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148764674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}