Nigerian medical journal : journal of the Nigeria Medical Association最新文献

{"title":"Severe Respiratory Acidosis-induced Involuntary Hyper defecation: The Role of Medullary Caudal Raphe Nuclei.","authors":"Ankur Khandelwal, Priyadarshi Dikshit, Pankaj Deori, Dalim Kumar Baidya","doi":"10.60787/nmj.v65i6.665","DOIUrl":"10.60787/nmj.v65i6.665","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94346,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian medical journal : journal of the Nigeria Medical Association","volume":"65 6","pages":"1194-1196"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11770658/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143061388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cholera in Nigeria: A review of outbreaks, trends, contributing factors, and public health responses.","authors":"Moore Ikechi Mike-Ogburia, Chinemerem Cynthia Eze, Maureen Onyinyechi Okoli, Inimuvie Ekada, Candid Uzoma Uhegbu, Chioma Ugwu, Priscilla Adonike Ogbakiri, Favour Chigemezu Alozie, Nancy Obutor Ideozu, Ayebaemi Wilfred Amesi, Margaret Afor Ifeanyi","doi":"10.60787/nmj.v65i6.584","DOIUrl":"10.60787/nmj.v65i6.584","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cholera remains a significant public health challenge in Nigeria, with recurrent outbreaks exacerbated by inadequate water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) infrastructure, as well as conflict and displacement. This review examines cholera outbreaks in Nigeria from 2010 to 2024, analyzing epidemiological trends, contributing factors, and public health responses. Seasonal peaks during periods of heavy rainfall and flooding have consistently facilitated <i>Vibrio cholerae</i> transmission, with Northern regions disproportionately affected due to poor infrastructure and ongoing conflicts. Displacement into overcrowded camps has heightened vulnerability, particularly in conflict-affected areas such as Borno and Adamawa. The outbreaks have exhibited multiple epidemic waves within single periods, reflecting persistent transmission dynamics. Recent outbreaks have seen higher incidence rates among children under the age of five and vulnerable populations, highlighting the need for targeted interventions. Public health responses have focused on improving surveillance, case management, and WASH infrastructure, with coordinated efforts from national and international agencies. Vaccination campaigns, particularly in high-risk areas, have proven effective in controlling outbreaks. However, challenges remain, including inadequate healthcare capacity, vaccine stockouts, and the emergence of antimicrobial-resistant <i>Vibrio cholerae</i> strains (serogroup O1) resistant to antibiotics such as tetracycline, doxycycline, ampicillin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, complicating treatment efforts. The COVID-19 pandemic further strained Nigeria's healthcare system, underscoring the need for an integrated health system to be strengthened to manage concurrent public health crises. This review emphasizes the importance of a multi-sectoral approach to cholera prevention and control, addressing underlying social determinants and ensuring sustained investments in public health infrastructure to mitigate future outbreaks.</p>","PeriodicalId":94346,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian medical journal : journal of the Nigeria Medical Association","volume":"65 6","pages":"824-843"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11770646/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143061410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sociodemographic and Economic Correlates of Dialysis Vintage in a Resource Challenged Setting: A Four-Year Prospective Study in Southwest Nigeria.","authors":"Peter Kehinde Uduagbamen, Titilope Adetoun Bamikefa, Abdul-Karim Olayinka Shitu, Olutomiwa Ayoola Omokore, Nwachukwu Olusegun Nwachukwu, Demilade Jolaoluwa Alo","doi":"10.60787/nmj.v65i6.532","DOIUrl":"10.60787/nmj.v65i6.532","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dialysis vintage is largely dependent on the effectiveness of the delivered dose coupled with the extent of patient compliance with the prescribed treatment regimen. This study assessed the determinants and correlates of dialysis vintage. <b>Methodology</b>: This was a 4-year prospective, observational study. The data was collected from the dialysis and medical records, both had the contacts of patients and relatives.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 314 participants (males 67.20%) with a mean age of 47.91±8.81 years underwent 2265 maintenance haemodialysis sessions. The females were older and had more hospital admissions; (P=0.07). Approximately 32.17% of the participants traveled at least fifty kilometers to access dialysis treatment<b>.</b> In a month, only 23.57% of the participants received the minimum prescribed twelve sessions, and 24.84% received the required erythropoietin dose. The mean dialysis vintage for all population was 9.13 ± 3.15 months, it was shorter for participants with hospitalization, (p<0.001), dialysis termination (p<0.001), intradialytic hypotension (p<0.001), and hypertension (p<0.001), Approximately, 14.2% of the participants had health insurance coverage, more so with the men After dialysis initiation, 6.69% of the participants were alive to the fourth year. The predictors of dialysis vintage were income (OR-4.62, 95% CI-2.88-6.24), health insurance (OR-8.11, 95% CI-4.82-13.35), dialysis duration (OR-6.38, 95% CI-2.40-9.55) and spKt/V (OR-4.24, 95% CI-0.48-5.91).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Dialysis vintage was short (9.13 ± 3.15 months), more so in females, poor funding, peridialysis complications, and without health insurance. More concerted efforts from governments, multinational donor agencies, and philanthropists are needed in health insurance coverage, particularly for kidney care to increase the dialysis vintage.</p>","PeriodicalId":94346,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian medical journal : journal of the Nigeria Medical Association","volume":"65 6","pages":"925-933"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11770650/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143061411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Papanicolaou Smear Tests Among HIV Negative and HIV Positive Pregnant Women on HAART at a Tertiary Hospital.","authors":"Chinomnso Stella Marcel-Onwudiwe, Chidi Ochu Uzome Esike, MaryRose Uzoma Agwu, Joshua Adeniyi Adebayo, Assumpta Nnenna Nweke, Joseph Chukwuma Uzoigwe, Ifeoma Cecilia Uche-Omovoh, Emmanuel Chijioke Uwakwe","doi":"10.60787/nmj.v65i6.569","DOIUrl":"10.60787/nmj.v65i6.569","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cervical cancer is the most common gynaecological cancer worldwide, causing morbidity and mortality, especially in developing countries like Nigeria. It develops from premalignant lesions of the cervix. Human immune deficiency virus (HIV) increases the risk of dysplastic changes in the cervix. Pregnant HIV-positive women may be at a higher risk of having pre-invasive cervical lesions. Pregnancy presents an opportunity to screen women for premalignant lesions of the cervix using a Papanicolaou (Pap) smear, especially in an environment like ours where women of reproductive age have poor health-seeking behaviour. The objective of this study is to compare the cytological patterns of Pap smear of pregnant women who are HIV positive compared to their HIV negative counterparts at the antenatal clinic of Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital Abakaliki (AE-FUTHA).</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>This is a comparative cross-sectional study that involved performing Pap smears on consenting HIV-positive pregnant women on HAART and HIV-negative pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic of AE-FUTHA. One hundred pregnant HIV-positive women on HAART and one hundred pregnant HIV-negative women who met the inclusion criteria and gave consent were recruited into the study by consecutive sampling method. A pretested questionnaire was administered to the women. A pap smear test was carried out on each of the participants. The data was analysed using Epi info version 7.2.1. Continuous variables were presented as mean and standard deviation while categorical variables were presented as numbers and percentages. Categorical variables were analysed using Chi-square (Fisher's exact test was also used), while means were compared using a t-test. A P-value ˂ 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of abnormal Pap smear among pregnant women in AEFUTHA was 14%. The prevalence among HIV-positive pregnant women was 24% while the prevalence for HIV-negative women was 4%. This difference was statistically significant (P value was <0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study has demonstrated the presence of premalignant cervical lesions in pregnant women with a significantly higher prevalence among HIV-positive pregnant women. Therefore, there is a need to incorporate Pap smear tests among routine antenatal investigations, especially for HIV-positive pregnant women.</p>","PeriodicalId":94346,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian medical journal : journal of the Nigeria Medical Association","volume":"65 6","pages":"1070-1079"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11770664/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143061762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Haemolytic anemia in a patient of Chronic myeloid leukemia: an unrecognized side-effect of Hydroxyurea?","authors":"Iffat Jamal, Shuchi Smita, Vijayanand Choudhary","doi":"10.60787/nmj.v65i6.576","DOIUrl":"10.60787/nmj.v65i6.576","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hydroxyurea (HU) is frequently used in the treatment of various myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) where it reduces cell proliferation by impairing DNA synthesis leading to decreased hematopoiesis. Herein we report a case of a 65-year-old female who was diagnosed with Chronic myeloid leukemia and developed severe hemolytic anemia requiring multiple packed red blood cell (RBC) transfusions while being treated with hydroxyurea. The haemolysis persisted until discontinuation of the drug. Common side-effects of HU like macrocytic anemia, leucopenia, and thrombocytopenia are well known but hemolytic anemia is a rare side-effect, not well known with only a handful of cases being described in the scientific literature so far.</p>","PeriodicalId":94346,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian medical journal : journal of the Nigeria Medical Association","volume":"65 6","pages":"1171-1175"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11770668/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143061869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patient-Related and Health System Factors, and Experiences of Women with a History of Stillbirth in Port-Harcourt.","authors":"Peter Abiye Awoyesuku, Chinweowa Ohaka, Paul Ledee Kua, Kenneth Eghuan Okagua, Lewis Barinadaa Lebara, Leziga Dimkpa Ndii","doi":"10.60787/nmj.v65i6.589","DOIUrl":"10.60787/nmj.v65i6.589","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Nigeria makes a substantial contribution to the global burden of stillbirths. However, data on women's experiences and care received at the time of stillbirth are limited. This study aimed to investigate the experiences and patient-related and health system factors in women who had a stillbirth in a previous pregnancy in the past 15 years.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>This was a cross-sectional survey of 64 pregnant women, attending antenatal care in Port-Harcourt, who had stillbirth in a previous pregnancy. Consenting participants were interviewed using a predesigned and pretested questionnaire. Information on sociodemographic characteristics, pregnancy history including health-seeking behaviour in the stillbirth pregnancy, and women's experiences and appraisal of care provided by healthcare workers during the stillbirth event, were collected. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics and presented as numbers, Means and Percentages in tables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Most participants (92.2%) experienced one stillbirth. The majority (71.9%) had stillbirths at 9 months gestation. Almost all pregnancies (98.4%) were singleton, and most mothers (81.3%) reported attending antenatal care regularly. The majority of deliveries (89.1%) occurred in healthcare facilities. Post-stillbirth, 45.3% of the mothers stayed in an open postnatal ward, 56.3% saw their stillborn child, with 39.1% of them not seeing the baby at all, and only 4.69% saw and held their dead baby. Over half (56.3%) found healthcare workers supportive and satisfied with their role, but (45.3%) did not receive postnatal care or counselling. Concerning performing an autopsy, 60.9% would not have requested one.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Most stillbirths were term pregnancies, occurred intrapartum, and were in-facility deliveries. Delays in reporting complications and receiving care at the hospital contributed to the stillbirths. A good proportion of the women were not shown and did not hold their babies and were admitted to a standard postnatal ward following delivery, factors which are predictive of increased psychological morbidity. However, most women were satisfied with the care and support they received from healthcare workers during the delivery.</p>","PeriodicalId":94346,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian medical journal : journal of the Nigeria Medical Association","volume":"65 6","pages":"946-960"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11770640/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143061891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictive Value of Prostate-Specific Antigen Density on Tumour Grade in Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer: A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Ehiremhen Ozah, Jude Orumuah Agbugui","doi":"10.60787/nmj.v65i6.623","DOIUrl":"10.60787/nmj.v65i6.623","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Prostate cancer is the most common urologic malignancy in men, it is witnessing a huge burden in developing countries. Prostate-specific antigen has served as a tool in diagnosis and prognostication. To improve its sensitivity, Prostate-specific antigen density is being used to discriminate between benign and malignant conditions to avoid the incidence of unnecessary biopsy. Similarly, it is important to establish the importance of Prostate-specific antigen density in prognostication to help in treatment stratification. The aim of this study, therefore, is to assess the relationship between Prostate-specific antigen density and tumour grade using the Gleason score.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>This study was a prospective cross-sectional study carried out between 2015-2016. It involved 191 consecutive patients who were either asymptomatic or symptomatic with elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA)/abnormal digital rectal examination findings or both. They had a Prostate volume assessment and digitally guided prostate biopsy. Prostate-specific antigen density was calculated, and histopathology reports were evaluated. Data were analysed using SPSS version 20.0. Pearson correlation coefficient and test of ANOVA were used to assess the relationship between prostate-specific- antigen and Gleason score while a scatterplot was used to determine the relationship between prostate-specific antigen and prostate volume. The level of significance was set at p< 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All patients in this study were Nigerians, mean age of the study population was 68.2+ 9.4 years. The median PSA for patients with prostate cancer was 76.9ng/ml and 14.5ng/ml for patients with benign disease, the difference was statistically significant (p<0.001), and median prostate volume was 84.5mls while the median PSAD was 0.25. PSAD for Gleason score 2-4,5-7,8-10 was 0.4,0.8 and1.1 respectively which was statistically significant using a test of ANOVA (p=0.001). Pearson correlation coefficient revealed a statistically significant correlation between Prostate-specific antigen and Gleason score (r= 0.375, p=0.024). Using Fisher's exact test there was a statistically significant difference between PSAD for benign prostatic disease and carcinoma of the prostate, p<0.001.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study revealed that Prostate-specific antigen density has a statistically significant predictive value for tumour grade using Gleason score, however no statistically significant correlation was observed between prostate-specific antigen and prostate volume in prostate cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":94346,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian medical journal : journal of the Nigeria Medical Association","volume":"65 6","pages":"1124-1134"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11770642/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143061905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of COVID-19 Vaccine Knowledge, Uptake, and Factors Influencing its Uptake Among Medical Students at the University of Jos.","authors":"Iko Musa, Keziah Samson Kasson, Adamu Musa, Yahaya Isyaku Guda, Elizabeth Onyi Okoh","doi":"10.60787/nmj.v65i6.555","DOIUrl":"10.60787/nmj.v65i6.555","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>COVID-19 vaccination is crucial to containing the pandemic. COVID-19 vaccine knowledge, attitudes, and uptake among medical students are vital, as they are future healthcare professionals expected to promote vaccination. This study assessed the knowledge of the COVID-19 vaccine, its uptake, and associated factors among medical students.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted among 245 medical students at the University of Jos, Nigeria. Participants were selected using stratified random sampling. Data was collected via a self-administered questionnaire and analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The median knowledge score was 8, with an interquartile range (IQR) of 3. Most participants had low knowledge of the COVID-19 vaccine (65.7%), while a minority had high knowledge (34.3%). The overall vaccine coverage was 20%. Gender and tribe were significantly associated with vaccine uptake. Males were more likely to receive the vaccine than females (24.3% vs. 12.9%, p = 0.039), and participants from the Igbo tribe were less likely to receive the vaccine than those from the Yoruba tribe (0% vs. 29.4%, p = 0.002). Additionally, being tested for COVID-19 was significantly associated with vaccine uptake (p < 0.001). Factors influencing COVID-19 vaccination decisions were access to accurate information (68.9%, p < 0.001), healthcare professionals' recommendations (31.1%, p < 0.001), concerns about safety and side effects (26.6%, p < 0.006), self-protection (19.5%, p = 0.011), government guidelines (39.6%, p < 0.001), vaccine availability (38.0%, p = 0.005), and the availability and convenience of vaccination centres (33.7%, p < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There was low COVID-19 vaccine knowledge and uptake among medical students. Gender, tribe, access to information, healthcare guidance, and practical barriers influenced vaccination decisions. Targeted education and provider involvement are needed to address hesitancy in this critical population.</p>","PeriodicalId":94346,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian medical journal : journal of the Nigeria Medical Association","volume":"65 6","pages":"1047-1061"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11770665/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143061367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison Of Risk Factors and Clinicopathological Features Between Pre- and Post-Menopausal Patients with Breast Cancer.","authors":"Amabra Dodiyi-Manuel, Michael Ekemena Ogba, Azubuike Ogba, Ibifuro Alpheaus Green, Stephen Itopha Musa, Bukola Gift Adu","doi":"10.60787/nmj.v65i6.548","DOIUrl":"10.60787/nmj.v65i6.548","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Breast cancer is the most common cancer affecting women globally with an estimated 2.3 million new cases in 2020. In Nigeria, it constitutes about 12% of all new cancers and 25% of all cancers in women. The risk factors of breast cancer include both non-modifiable and modifiable factors. There are clinical and biological differences between patients with pre-menopausal and post-menopausal breast cancer. This study aims to evaluate the differences in risk factors, disease presentation and tumour characteristics between premenopausal and postmenopausal breast cancer patients.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>This is a 2-year prospective cross-sectional study conducted at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital between 1^st January 2021 and 31^st December 2022. All consecutive patients who presented with breast cancer that was histologically confirmed and gave informed consent were included in the study. Patients were divided into two groups which are pre-menopausal and post-menopausal based on their menopausal status. Relevant data were extracted and recorded in a data extraction form. Analysis was done using Statistical Product and Service Solution version 26.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>One hundred and thirty-three patients were recruited for the study. Seventy (52.6%) of them were pre-menopausal and 63 (47.4%) were post-menopausal. Their ages were from 19 to 78 with a mean of 46.94 ± 11.93. The peak age was 41-50 years and 30.8% of the patients were within this age range. Only late age at first pregnancy was significantly associated with pre-menopausal breast cancer.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Similar risk factors and tumour characteristics with a higher prevalence of triple-negative breast cancer were found in both groups but late age at first pregnancy occurred significantly in pre-menopausal breast cancer patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":94346,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian medical journal : journal of the Nigeria Medical Association","volume":"65 6","pages":"1008-1015"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11770652/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143061763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of HAM-D Scores on Cognitive Functions and Heart Rate Variability in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder.","authors":"Sunidhi Sharma, Sudhanshu Kacker, Neha Saboo","doi":"10.60787/nmj.v65i6.587","DOIUrl":"10.60787/nmj.v65i6.587","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Previous research has shown that Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is accompanied by severe impairments in cognitive and autonomic processes, which may linger even when mood symptoms recover. This study aimed to analyse the relationship between depression severity, as measured by the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D), and how it affects heart rate variability (HRV) and cognitive function in patients with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD).</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>The cross-sectional study was conducted at RUHS College of Medical Sciences and Associated Hospitals, Jaipur, from July 2022 to January 2023 on 90 subjects having major depressive disorder (MDD) of either sex in the 20-40 age group using the Hamilton score for depression (HAM D), Heart Rate Variability (HRV) measurements, and a battery of cognitive tests. Regression analyses were conducted to examine the associations between HAM-D scores with both HRV parameters and cognitive functions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results indicated a significant negative correlation between HAM-D scores and HRV measures with p<0.001, suggesting that increased depression severity is associated with reduced HRV. Additionally, higher HAM-D scores predicted poorer performance on cognitive tasks, particularly in the domains of executive function and working memory. The coefficient of determination r2=0.724 suggests that approximately 72.4% of the variance in the dependent variable (Hamilton rating score for depression) could be explained by the combined cognitive function and heart rate variability parameters.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings highlight the potential utility of, emphasizing the importance of comprehensive assessment and treatment approaches that address both the affective and cognitive aspects of depression.</p>","PeriodicalId":94346,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian medical journal : journal of the Nigeria Medical Association","volume":"65 6","pages":"973-983"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11770655/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143061351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}