African health sciences最新文献

{"title":"Prevalence of hearing loss among primary school children in Ethiopia.","authors":"Robbert Ensink, Amber Morgan, Alden Smith, Margaretha Casselbrant, Nyasha Makaruse, Glenn Isaacson","doi":"10.4314/ahs.v24i4.54","DOIUrl":"10.4314/ahs.v24i4.54","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of hearing loss in children attending primary schools in urban and rural Ethiopia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was performed to determine the prevalence of hearing loss in children aged 7 to 14 years. A total of 384 children had complete examinations and were included in the study.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of hearing loss of all types in the urban school was 6.2% using a cut-off of 40 dB Fletcher index (500-2000 Hz). The prevalence increased to 10.2 % in the same population if a cut-off of 25 dB HL FI was used. In the rural school with a cut-off of 30 dB HL the hearing prevalence was 5.9%. The proportion of conductive hearing loss was lower in the urban school and constituted 16% of all hearing losses. We estimated the proportion of conductive hearing loss in the rural school to be at least 50%. In the urban school the prevalence of sensorineural hearing loss was 5.8% while it was much lower at 1.3% and exclusively unilateral in the rural school. The degree of hearing loss according to WHO criteria was calculated only for the urban population. A prevalence of bilateral severe hearing loss (≥61 dB HL) of 0.5% and of moderate hearing loss (> 41 dB and ≤60dB HL) of 1% was found using WHO criteria.The prevalence of chronic suppurative otitis media and of dry perforations were similar between schools (2.5 to 2.7%). Otitis media was rare in this study likely due to seasonal influences and exclusion of very young children. These results are compared to similar school studies in Sub-Saharan Africa.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The prevalence of hearing loss in these two Ethiopian cohorts (rural and urban) is in agreement with the data published by WHO for Sub-Saharan Africa. While some of the variation between urban and rural populations may have been real, some of the discrepancy may have resulted from differences in acoustic testing environments. We describe these challenges in hopes of improving universal screening procedures.</p>","PeriodicalId":94295,"journal":{"name":"African health sciences","volume":"24 4","pages":"438-448"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11970170/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143797278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adenocarcinoma of the appendix with metastasis to the spine.","authors":"Emmanuel Olusola Oladeji, Peter Chinyere Osuala, Elizabeth Ayooluwa Idowu, Adefemi Oladiran Afolabi","doi":"10.4314/ahs.v24i4.30","DOIUrl":"10.4314/ahs.v24i4.30","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There are a few reported cases of bone metastasis from adenocarcinoma of the appendix and there is none from Africa. We report this rare case of a 30-year-old man who presented with low back pain following a trivial fall and who subsequently developed generalized peritonitis for which he underwent laparotomy. The histology of the appendix and the mesentery confirmed adenocarcinoma of the appendix with metastasis to the mesenteric lymph nodes while an MRI scan confirmed spine metastasis. Carcinoma of the appendix, should, therefore, be considered as a differential diagnosis in spine metastasis of unknown origin especially with coexisting abdominal symptoms.</p>","PeriodicalId":94295,"journal":{"name":"African health sciences","volume":"24 4","pages":"233-239"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11970155/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143797437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ethical, medico-legal and financial aspects of the legalization of surrogate maternity in Bulgaria.","authors":"A Mihaylova, D Bakova, D Davcheva, A Yaneva, D Shopova, S Harizanova, N Parahuleva, M Semerdzhieva","doi":"10.4314/ahs.v24i4.19","DOIUrl":"10.4314/ahs.v24i4.19","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The legalization of surrogacy and reproductive choices is a possible solution for childless families and the specialists in this area prove that this is a great challenge and responsibility. There are many issues on the topic: medical, ethical, as well as socio-psychological, legal and financial. The aim of present survey is to study and analyse the attitudes of society regarding some medical, social and economic and law aspects related to the legalization of surrogate maternity in Bulgaria. An anonymous survey was conducted involving 387 people. The data was collected via a pen and paper questionnaire pack. The initiative has provoked wide public interest. According to the participants in the present study, in the event of it being legalized, surrogate maternity should not become a profession, a source of surplus income for the surrogate mother, but the costs directly related to the pregnancy, birth and postpartum recovery should be compensated. The rights of the surrogate mother regarding custody of the child after birth and abortion rights should be limited in favor of the intended parents. The aspects discussed concern only the projected legal framework of surrogate maternity in Bulgaria, because at the present, the Bill has not been adopted.</p>","PeriodicalId":94295,"journal":{"name":"African health sciences","volume":"24 4","pages":"143-148"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11970168/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143797468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the effect of a novel nursing intervention in the treatment of vacuum sealing drainage in patients with chronic orthopedic wounds.","authors":"Lan Chen, Dong Li, Xiaodong Lei, Bixia Zhou, Lili Chen","doi":"10.4314/ahs.v24i4.13","DOIUrl":"10.4314/ahs.v24i4.13","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>To explore the application effect of \"4+1\" nursing intervention in the treatment of chronic orthopaedic trauma with negative pressure vacuum sealing drainage.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>Patients before the implementation of the \"4+1 nursing intervention\" program were selected as the control group (60 cases). 60 patients after the implementation of the \"4+1 nursing intervention\" program were selected as the research group. Control group was given routine care. Research group adopted the \"4+1\" nursing intervention. Hamilton Depression score, wound healing time, pain visual analogue scale, treatment compliance, Self-Rating Anxiety Scale, and nursing satisfaction were compared between the two groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After the intervention, the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale and Hamilton Depression scores in the study group were lower than those in the control group; visual analogue scale on the 3rd and 5th days after the study were lower than those in the control group, and the wound healing time was shorter than that in the control group. The treatment compliance rate and nursing satisfaction of the study group were higher than those of the control group (P<0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The application of \"4 + 1\" nursing intervention in treatment of orthopaedic chronic wounds has a good effect.</p>","PeriodicalId":94295,"journal":{"name":"African health sciences","volume":"24 4","pages":"99-105"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11970138/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143797470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Male adolescents' (Aged 15-24 years) smoking habit and its determinant: analysis of Indonesia demographic and health survey data, 2017.","authors":"Diana Rohmandani Putri, Erni Astutik, Putri Bungsu Machmud, Tika Dwi Tama","doi":"10.4314/ahs.v24i4.45","DOIUrl":"10.4314/ahs.v24i4.45","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aim of the study was to examine the factors influencing cigarette consumption among male adolescents aged 15-24 years in Indonesia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study used the Indonesia Demographics and Health Survey 2017, which included 8,488 male adolescents aged 15-24 years. The survey used multi-stage cluster sampling. Data were analyzed by using multivariable logistic regression adjusted for covariates and a complex survey design.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There is 70.4% of male adolescents who smoke any tobacco products daily or occasionally. The male adolescents who aged 20-24 years (p<0.001; AOR=2.26, 95%Cl=1.96-2.59), had low education level (p<0.001; AOR=5.90, 95%Cl=3.91-8.92), start smoking at 18-24 years (p-value<0.001; AOR=3.09, 95%Cl=2.25-4.23), had been influenced by friend/someone to smoke (p<0.001; AOR=5.60, 95%Cl=4.77-6.58), used the internet at least once a week (p<0.001; AOR=1.28, 95%Cl=1.11-1.49), did not read newspaper/magazine (p<0.001; AOR=1.55, 95%Cl=1.28-1.87) had a higher odds of current smoking.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Factors of smoking tobacco, such as age, age at first smoking, low education, the influence of smoking, and access to information on the internet and newspapers/magazines, had a significant impact on the current tobacco of male adolescents. Our findings support the enforcement of health warnings and laws related to tobacco restrictions for adolescents.</p>","PeriodicalId":94295,"journal":{"name":"African health sciences","volume":"24 4","pages":"362-372"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11970166/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143797588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pattern and determinants of endometrial thickness among asymptomatic postmenopausal women in an African population.","authors":"Tola Y Bakare, Adegboyega A Fawole, Kikelomo T Adesina, Hadijat O Raji, Bola B Olafimihan, Abiodun S Adeniran","doi":"10.4314/ahs.v24i4.17","DOIUrl":"10.4314/ahs.v24i4.17","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The occurrence of endometrial cancer may be on the increase among African population due to lifestyle changes. Measurement of endometrial thickness (ET) in postmenopausal women may enhance timely diagnosis of endometrial pathology to improve prognosis and quality of life.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To determine the relationship between anthropometric measurements hypertension and diabetes mellitus on ET.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study conducted at the outpatient clinics of a tertiary facility among asymptomatic postmenopausal women (no malignancy, abnormal vaginal bleeding or hormone replacement therapy). Participants recruited by purposive sampling were sub-categorized into those with chronic hypertension, diabetes mellitus or no chronic medical disorder. All participants had anthropometric measurements, fasting blood glucose and transvaginal ultrasonography. The main outcome measure was the ET while p-value <0.05 was significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean ET was 2.17±2.57 and prevalence of ET (>5mm) was 1.1%. Mean ET was significantly higher among women <5 years post-menopause (2.53±1.61 vs. 2.06±2.79; P0.048); chronic hypertension (2.82±4.07mm vs. 1.42±1.16mm; P0.026) or diabetes mellitus (2.27±1.08mm vs. 1.42±1.16; P0.005). Parity was inversely related to ET (P0.005); body mass index (P0.191), duration of hypertension (P0.213) or diabetes mellitus (P0.085) were not statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Parity, number of years post-menopause, hypertension and diabetes mellitus were important determinants of ET.</p>","PeriodicalId":94295,"journal":{"name":"African health sciences","volume":"24 4","pages":"129-136"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11970188/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143797596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research progress on the role of ginsenoside Rd in central nervous system diseases.","authors":"Xiaoyu Ma, Juejin Wang","doi":"10.4314/ahs.v24i4.41","DOIUrl":"10.4314/ahs.v24i4.41","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ginsenoside Rd (GSRd) is one of the rare saponin monomers extracted from ginseng. Most importantly, GSRd could effectively cross the intact blood-brain barrier (BBB). Studies have shown that it plays an important role in the treatment of neurological diseases such as ischemic stroke (IS), spinal cord injury (SCI), Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). The results of these studies are of great significance for the clinical application of GSRd in the treatment in neurological diseases. This article reviewed the protective effects of GSRd in central nervous system diseases and analysed the related mechanism.</p>","PeriodicalId":94295,"journal":{"name":"African health sciences","volume":"24 4","pages":"325-331"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11970185/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143797370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modified first-level reconstruction and reinforcement during laparoscopic total hysterectomy for prevention of post-operative pelvic organ prolapse: a randomized clinical trial.","authors":"Xiangru Chen, Hongbo Gao","doi":"10.4314/ahs.v24i4.15","DOIUrl":"10.4314/ahs.v24i4.15","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This paper investigated that the clinical value of modified first-level reconstruction reinforcement in the prevention and treatment of pelvic floor dysfunction after laparoscopic total hysterectomy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 360 patients undergoing laparoscopic total hysterectomy from December 2018 to September 2021 were selected and divided into three groups (A, B, C) according to POP-Q criteria: This is a randomized clinical trial in which women with first- and second-degree pelvic organ prolapse, and women without pelvic organ prolapse were each randomized into 3 arms of the study. According to the informed consent of patients, three groups are as following: Arm 1: 60 cases in the non-suspension group (vaginal stump was only sutured continuous absorbable suture); Arm 2: 60 cases in traditional suspension group (as in Arm 1, plus suspension of vaginal stump with non-absorbable sutures to cardinal and round ligaments); Arm 3: 60 cases in the modified suspension group (vaginal stump reinforced with horizontal reconstruction). POP-Q score, sexual life quality questionnaire, urinary incontinence questionnaire and pelvic floor ultrasound were compared before and at 6 and 12 months after operation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>(1) in the non-prolapse group and the prolapse group, the POP-Q score of the modified suspension group c was superior to that of the non-suspension group and the traditional suspension group b at 6 and 12 months after surgery (P < 0.05), and the postoperative POP-Q score of the prolapse group was significantly improved compared with that before surgery. (2) In both the non-prolapse and the prolapse study groups, the participants that were randomized to the modified suspension treatment (arm 3) had significantly better sexual function scores than those in arm 1 and arm 2 six and twelve months after surgery (p <0.05). (3) Similarly, participants in both the non-prolapse and the prolapse groups that were randomized to the modified suspension treatment arm (arm 3) were significantly less prone to. urinary incontinence than those randomized to arm 1 and arm 2 at 6 and 12 months after surgery.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Compared with traditional vaginal stump suture and traditional vaginal stump suspension, the modified first-level reconstruction and consolidation method can effectively prevent and cure pelvic floor dysfunction after laparoscopic total hysterectomy, and significantly improve the quality of life of patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":94295,"journal":{"name":"African health sciences","volume":"24 4","pages":"111-119"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11970144/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143797591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sero-prevalence of Hepatitis B and C at a Primary Health Care Facility in Ghana.","authors":"Madison Adanusa, George Adjei, Sebastian Eliason, Samuel Amoah, Benson Cecil, Ignatius Sirikyi, Faustina Pappoe, Anasthasia Ofori, Frederick Adjei, Bernice Appau, Benjamin Nyane, Arthur Rudolf, Hagan Oheneba","doi":"10.4314/ahs.v24i4.5","DOIUrl":"10.4314/ahs.v24i4.5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The advent of emerging global infections such as SARS-CoV-2 has brought forth the public health crises of neglected diseases in the LMICs. Viral hepatitis infections remain a public health problem especially in the advent of emerging. Viral hepatitis which preponderantly afflicts citizens of LMICs is one such group of diseases which exerts considerable burden in these countries, especially, hepatitis B and C. There is an effective vaccine against Hepatitis B and curative treatment to hepatitis C, however, access has been hampered resulting in deleterious sequalae. Identifying population afflicted by these infections could lead to prevention of the complications.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Retrospective review of electronic data on individuals screened for hepatitis B and C at the University of Cape Coast Hospital were abstracted. Data abstracted included hepatitis B and C test status, age, sex, previous immunisation history and region of residence. Overall prevalence and prevalence in different categories were calculated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Data for 6,006 were collected and used for the analyses. The overall prevalence for hepatitis B in the study group was 5.06%. The prevalence for hepatitis C was 0.93%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The burden of hepatitis B and C infection in Ghana is still high.</p>","PeriodicalId":94295,"journal":{"name":"African health sciences","volume":"24 4","pages":"29-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11970139/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143797350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The practice and effect of multi-disciplinary cooperative mobile devices in improving the satisfaction of inpatients on drug education.","authors":"Shuangai Zhu, Chen Huang, Xiaoyun Hu, Yulan Xu, Lili Cheng, Hongying Pan","doi":"10.4314/ahs.v24i4.48","DOIUrl":"10.4314/ahs.v24i4.48","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To explore the effect of multi-disciplinary cooperative mobile device-assisted drug education on the satisfaction of inpatients drug education.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Mobile nursing vehicle, IPAD, and mobile phone were used to scan QR code to play drug propaganda videos and distribute drug propaganda materials. Doctors, nurses and pharmacists cooperated to complete drug education for inpatients. The satisfaction on drug education of inpatients was collected through a third-party satisfaction survey.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Before implementation, the four satisfactions of communicating about the drug, understanding the purpose of the drug, informing the role of the drug and informing the side effect of the drug were 83.9%, 80.4%, 83.8% and 83.9%, respectively, and after the implementation increased to 88.2%, 86.4%, 89.6% and 87.3% (P<0.05). The effective rate of drug education among inpatients increased from 95% before the implementation to 99.4%, and the medication compliance of inpatients increased from 93.1% before the implementation to 98.75%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Multi-subject cooperative mobile device-assisted drug education can improve the satisfaction of inpatients drug education, the efficiency of drug education and drug compliance.</p>","PeriodicalId":94295,"journal":{"name":"African health sciences","volume":"24 4","pages":"389-394"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11970174/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143797515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}