{"title":"埃塞俄比亚小学生听力损失患病率。","authors":"Robbert Ensink, Amber Morgan, Alden Smith, Margaretha Casselbrant, Nyasha Makaruse, Glenn Isaacson","doi":"10.4314/ahs.v24i4.54","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of hearing loss in children attending primary schools in urban and rural Ethiopia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was performed to determine the prevalence of hearing loss in children aged 7 to 14 years. A total of 384 children had complete examinations and were included in the study.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of hearing loss of all types in the urban school was 6.2% using a cut-off of 40 dB Fletcher index (500-2000 Hz). The prevalence increased to 10.2 % in the same population if a cut-off of 25 dB HL FI was used. In the rural school with a cut-off of 30 dB HL the hearing prevalence was 5.9%. The proportion of conductive hearing loss was lower in the urban school and constituted 16% of all hearing losses. We estimated the proportion of conductive hearing loss in the rural school to be at least 50%. In the urban school the prevalence of sensorineural hearing loss was 5.8% while it was much lower at 1.3% and exclusively unilateral in the rural school. The degree of hearing loss according to WHO criteria was calculated only for the urban population. A prevalence of bilateral severe hearing loss (≥61 dB HL) of 0.5% and of moderate hearing loss (> 41 dB and ≤60dB HL) of 1% was found using WHO criteria.The prevalence of chronic suppurative otitis media and of dry perforations were similar between schools (2.5 to 2.7%). Otitis media was rare in this study likely due to seasonal influences and exclusion of very young children. These results are compared to similar school studies in Sub-Saharan Africa.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The prevalence of hearing loss in these two Ethiopian cohorts (rural and urban) is in agreement with the data published by WHO for Sub-Saharan Africa. While some of the variation between urban and rural populations may have been real, some of the discrepancy may have resulted from differences in acoustic testing environments. We describe these challenges in hopes of improving universal screening procedures.</p>","PeriodicalId":94295,"journal":{"name":"African health sciences","volume":"24 4","pages":"438-448"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11970170/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Prevalence of hearing loss among primary school children in Ethiopia.\",\"authors\":\"Robbert Ensink, Amber Morgan, Alden Smith, Margaretha Casselbrant, Nyasha Makaruse, Glenn Isaacson\",\"doi\":\"10.4314/ahs.v24i4.54\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of hearing loss in children attending primary schools in urban and rural Ethiopia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was performed to determine the prevalence of hearing loss in children aged 7 to 14 years. A total of 384 children had complete examinations and were included in the study.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of hearing loss of all types in the urban school was 6.2% using a cut-off of 40 dB Fletcher index (500-2000 Hz). The prevalence increased to 10.2 % in the same population if a cut-off of 25 dB HL FI was used. In the rural school with a cut-off of 30 dB HL the hearing prevalence was 5.9%. The proportion of conductive hearing loss was lower in the urban school and constituted 16% of all hearing losses. We estimated the proportion of conductive hearing loss in the rural school to be at least 50%. In the urban school the prevalence of sensorineural hearing loss was 5.8% while it was much lower at 1.3% and exclusively unilateral in the rural school. The degree of hearing loss according to WHO criteria was calculated only for the urban population. A prevalence of bilateral severe hearing loss (≥61 dB HL) of 0.5% and of moderate hearing loss (> 41 dB and ≤60dB HL) of 1% was found using WHO criteria.The prevalence of chronic suppurative otitis media and of dry perforations were similar between schools (2.5 to 2.7%). Otitis media was rare in this study likely due to seasonal influences and exclusion of very young children. These results are compared to similar school studies in Sub-Saharan Africa.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The prevalence of hearing loss in these two Ethiopian cohorts (rural and urban) is in agreement with the data published by WHO for Sub-Saharan Africa. While some of the variation between urban and rural populations may have been real, some of the discrepancy may have resulted from differences in acoustic testing environments. 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引用次数: 0
摘要
目的：本研究的目的是确定埃塞俄比亚城市和农村小学儿童听力损失的患病率。方法：通过横断面研究确定7 - 14岁儿童听力损失的患病率。共有384名儿童完成了检查并被纳入研究。结果：以40 dB Fletcher指数（500-2000 Hz）为截止值，城市学校各类听力损失患病率为6.2%。如果采用25 dB的hlfi临界值，在同一人群中患病率增加到10.2%。在农村学校，听力患病率为5.9%，临界值为30分贝。城市学校的传导性听力损失比例较低，占所有听力损失的16%。我们估计农村学校的传导性听力损失比例至少为50%。城市学校感音神经性听力损失的患病率为5.8%，而农村学校则低得多，为1.3%，且仅为单侧。按照世卫组织标准计算的听力损失程度仅适用于城市人口。根据世卫组织的标准，双侧重度听力损失（≥61 dB HL）的患病率为0.5%，中度听力损失（> - 41 dB和≤60dB HL）的患病率为1%。慢性化脓性中耳炎和干穿孔的患病率在学校之间相似（2.5%至2.7%）。中耳炎在本研究中很少见，可能是由于季节影响和排除了非常年幼的儿童。这些结果与撒哈拉以南非洲的类似学校研究进行了比较。结论：这两个埃塞俄比亚队列（农村和城市）的听力损失患病率与世卫组织公布的撒哈拉以南非洲数据一致。虽然城市和农村人口之间的一些差异可能是真实的，但其中一些差异可能是由于声学测试环境的差异造成的。我们描述这些挑战，希望改善普遍筛选程序。
Prevalence of hearing loss among primary school children in Ethiopia.
Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of hearing loss in children attending primary schools in urban and rural Ethiopia.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed to determine the prevalence of hearing loss in children aged 7 to 14 years. A total of 384 children had complete examinations and were included in the study.
Results: The prevalence of hearing loss of all types in the urban school was 6.2% using a cut-off of 40 dB Fletcher index (500-2000 Hz). The prevalence increased to 10.2 % in the same population if a cut-off of 25 dB HL FI was used. In the rural school with a cut-off of 30 dB HL the hearing prevalence was 5.9%. The proportion of conductive hearing loss was lower in the urban school and constituted 16% of all hearing losses. We estimated the proportion of conductive hearing loss in the rural school to be at least 50%. In the urban school the prevalence of sensorineural hearing loss was 5.8% while it was much lower at 1.3% and exclusively unilateral in the rural school. The degree of hearing loss according to WHO criteria was calculated only for the urban population. A prevalence of bilateral severe hearing loss (≥61 dB HL) of 0.5% and of moderate hearing loss (> 41 dB and ≤60dB HL) of 1% was found using WHO criteria.The prevalence of chronic suppurative otitis media and of dry perforations were similar between schools (2.5 to 2.7%). Otitis media was rare in this study likely due to seasonal influences and exclusion of very young children. These results are compared to similar school studies in Sub-Saharan Africa.
Conclusions: The prevalence of hearing loss in these two Ethiopian cohorts (rural and urban) is in agreement with the data published by WHO for Sub-Saharan Africa. While some of the variation between urban and rural populations may have been real, some of the discrepancy may have resulted from differences in acoustic testing environments. We describe these challenges in hopes of improving universal screening procedures.
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