Frontiers in oral health最新文献

{"title":"Impact of diabetes mellitus on patients affected by oral lichen planus: a retrospective study.","authors":"Gianluca Tenore, Ahmed Mohsen, Andrea Ricciotti, Giordano Piombarolo, Gian Marco Podda, Cira Rosaria Tiziana Di Gioia, Umberto Romeo","doi":"10.3389/froh.2025.1569212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/froh.2025.1569212","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The association between diabetes mellitus (DM) and oral lichen planus (OLP) has been widely reported. However, most of the studies focused on epidemiological aspects and shared inflammatory pathways, with few exploring the consequences of this association on the clinical course of OLP. The study aims to retrospectively observe the impact of DM on the clinical presentation and management strategy of OLP.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 97 OLP patients were retrieved from the Department database. The patients were distributed into two groups: OLP patients with DM \"test group\" (<i>n</i> = 47) and OLP patients without DM \"control group\" (<i>n</i> = 50). The descriptive and statistical analyses were performed on the variables related to the clinical presentation of OLP, the management of OLP, and the general and demographic information.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Regarding primary outcomes related to the clinical presentation variables, DM patients were symptomatic and more susceptible to present atrophic lesions at the first visit, compared to those without DM with a statistical significance (<i>p</i> = 0.0017 and <i>p</i> = 0.0016 respectively). Buccal mucosa was generally the most affected site in both groups and was notably higher in patients with DM (<i>p</i> = 0.0286). Regarding the management variables, DM patients were subjected to a higher number of follow-ups per year (<i>p</i> = 0.0420), a higher number of prescribed general treatments per year (<i>p</i> = 0.0006), and a higher number of prescribed non-cortisone-based treatments per year (<i>p</i> = 0.0001). In regard to the secondary outcomes related to the general and demographic variables, a statistically significant difference was observed with concomitant diseases, where patients with DM were more susceptible to concomitant diseases (<i>p</i> = 0.0321), particularly cardiopathy (<i>p</i> = 0.0422), arterial hypertension (<i>p</i> = 0.0418), dyslipidemia (<i>p</i> = 0.0411), and coagulopathy (<i>p</i> = 0.0411).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>DM patients were highly presented with symptomatic OLP and showed a difference in the management strategy where more follow-ups and treatment prescriptions were needed. It seems that the clinician should consider DM as an essential co-factor that may influence the management procedures of OLP. Considering interdisciplinary management and involving endocrinologists may add significant value to the OLP management process.</p>","PeriodicalId":94016,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in oral health","volume":"6 ","pages":"1569212"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11994681/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144047231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Five-canal maxillary first molar with calcified MB2 and low bifurcation of distal root canals: a case report.","authors":"Xuandong Lin, Hongyu Xie, Sijie Ruan, Xueling Ma, Jindong Long, Fangfang Xie","doi":"10.3389/froh.2025.1511699","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/froh.2025.1511699","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Root canal therapy is a highly regarded procedure, and failure to recognize the extremely variable anatomy of the maxillary first molars leads to unpredictable outcomes. This study reports the exceedingly rare case of a 27-year-old male with a maxillary first molar with one palatal and four buccal canals, and low bifurcation of the two distal root canals. The patient underwent nonsurgical endodontic treatment (root canal therapy), the buccal apical fistula and swelling disappeared completely, and imaging findings revealed a reduction of the apical shadow area. The patient did not experience a relapse during the 6-month follow-up period. This report suggests if thin root canal is not consistent with the root diameter, redundant root canals and low bifurcation should be considered. In maxillary first molars, it is important to find mesiobuccal 2 in the calcified root canal, still, using cone-beam computed tomography is essential for the exploration and evaluation of additional root canals, such as distobuccal 2, to prevent misdiagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":94016,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in oral health","volume":"6 ","pages":"1511699"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11986634/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144061272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Case Report: Virtual surgery and 3D printing in a medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaws (MRONJ) pathological mandibular fracture.","authors":"Giorgio Lo Giudice, Alessandro Calvo, Emanuele Magaudda, Francesco Saverio De Ponte, Enrico Nastro Siniscalchi","doi":"10.3389/froh.2025.1520195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/froh.2025.1520195","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The use of anatomical models, guides, and surgical templates allows for increased precision of interventions and reduced operative times. Thanks to computer-aided design (CAD) and computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) technologies and rapid prototyping through 3D printing, it is possible to obtain accurate models, which are useful to defining surgical planning in the maxillofacial district.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We present the case of a patient with a pathological fracture of the mandibular body affected by medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaws (MRONJ) in stage III. Through the manipulation of virtual models obtained from thin-layer Computed Tomography (CT), a virtual surgical intervention of sequestrectomy and debridement of necrotic bone tissue, reduction and containment of the fracture was performed. The resulting mandibular model was used as a template for the preoperative modeling of the titanium reconstruction plate used for fracture containment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The intraoperative result and follow-up demonstrated good accuracy of the model with respect to post-operative mandibular dynamics, condylar-fossa position and a reduced surgical time.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Virtual surgery and 3D-printed prototyping represent a feasible technique in MRONJ patients, allowing increased precision of interventions, reduced risks associated with the operation, and improved operative and recovery times for the patient.</p>","PeriodicalId":94016,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in oral health","volume":"6 ","pages":"1520195"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11985856/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143995316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increased bacterial load of <i>Filifactor alocis</i> in deep periodontal pockets discriminate between periodontitis stage 3 and 4.","authors":"Reem H Faisal, Alaa O Ali","doi":"10.3389/froh.2025.1543030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/froh.2025.1543030","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Increasing evidence supports the association of <i>Filifactor alocis</i> with periodontitis; therefore, this work was conducted to assess the prevalence and proportion of <i>F. alocis</i> in subgingival biofilm samples from patients with periodontitis stage 3 and 4, and its potential to differentiate between these stages.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study included 50 periodontitis patients from whom subgingival biofilm samples were collected using paper points. This was followed by recording clinical periodontal parameters including the plaque index, bleeding on probing, probing pocket depth (PPD), and clinical attachment loss (CAL). The total loads of bacteria and <i>F. alocis</i> were determined via quantitative PCR.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All patients were diagnosed with periodontitis stage 3/4 and grade B/C, with a total of 727 periodontal pockets, which were pooled (<i>n</i> = 114) for microbiological analysis. Qualitative and quantitative analyses indicated that the total bacterial load and prevalence of <i>F. alocis</i> were highest in stage 4 and grade C cases, which were also increased with increasing PPD and severity of CAL. An ROC analysis indicated that both the total bacterial load and <i>F. alocis</i> concentration could significantly discriminate stage 3 and 4 periodontitis. The regression model suggested that a one-unit increase in PPD, and CAL could explain a 23.9% and 14.9% increase in the <i>F. alocis</i> concentration, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results demonstrate that the prevalence of <i>F. alocis</i> is increased in severe periodontitis cases, mainly at sites with deep periodontal pockets and greater attachment loss. Additionally, this bacterium possesses the diagnostic potential to differentiate periodontitis cases of different severities.</p>","PeriodicalId":94016,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in oral health","volume":"6 ","pages":"1543030"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11983625/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144060141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Significance of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) upregulation in the prediction of the malignant transformation risk in oral potentially malignant disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"José Luis Cívico-Ortega, Pablo Ramos-García, Miguel Ángel González-Moles","doi":"10.3389/froh.2025.1578561","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/froh.2025.1578561","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to appraise, both quantitatively and qualitatively, the extant evidence regarding the role of EGFR upregulation in predicting malignant transformation risk associated with oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive search was undertaken in the Web of Science, Embase, MEDLINE (via PubMed), and Scopus databases for longitudinal primary-level articles, whether prospective or retrospective in design, without restrictions on language or publication date. The QUIPS tool was employed for the purpose of assessing the potential for bias. A meta-analysis was conducted in addition to sensitivity analyses and analyses of the potential influence of small-study effects.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, eight studies, which were treated as nine distinct units for analytical purposes, were included in the final sample, which encompassed 653 patients with OPMD with follow-up data. EGFR upregulation was found to be significantly associated with an elevated malignant transformation risk of OPMD (RR = 2.17, 95%CI = 1.73-2.73, <i>p</i> < 0.001). Subgroup analyses demonstrated that both EGFR protein overexpression (RR = 2.02, 95%CI = 1.55-2.63, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and EGFR gene amplification (RR = 2.70, 95%CI = 1.72-4.25, <i>p</i> < 0.001), nuclear staining (RR = 3.47, 95%CI = 1.50-8.01, <i>p</i> = 0.004) and the >10% cutoff point were significantly associated with transformation risk (RR = 2.27, 95%CI = 1.33-3.87, <i>p</i> = 0.003).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The present systematic review and meta-analysis demonstrates that EGFR overexpression, assessed through immunohistochemical technique, functions as a risk marker of OPMD malignant transformation risk.</p><p><strong>Systematic review registration: </strong>https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD42024626482, identifier: CRD42024626482).</p>","PeriodicalId":94016,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in oral health","volume":"6 ","pages":"1578561"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11983453/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144065425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pacific oral health: a scoping review.","authors":"Naailah Zahraa Hanif, Zac Morse, Jonathan Broadbent, Anumala Ram","doi":"10.3389/froh.2025.1474623","DOIUrl":"10.3389/froh.2025.1474623","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>A growing body of literature reports on the oral health of Pacific peoples but a synthesis of the existing knowledge on Pacific oral health epidemiology is absent. This scoping review aims to summarise the evidence on Pacific oral health epidemiology. The findings of this review may help identify knowledge gaps and issues requiring health policy prioritisation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The review followed the PRISMA-ScR guidelines for scoping reviews and included reports published prior to July 2023 on Pacific oral health, regardless of design. Searches were conducted across four databases, and the grey literature.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>An analysis of 95 sources, primarily from 2000 to 2023 and predominantly New Zealand-based, found that a high proportion of Pacific peoples (including children) were affected by poor oral health and challenges in accessing dental care services. Numerous studies have reported oral health disparities, with poorer oral health among Pacific peoples than other population groups. Epidemiological and health services data from Pacific Island nations show a high prevalence of dental conditions, along with limited healthcare resources and workforce shortages. Studies on the broader social determinants shaping these issues and health promotion strategies to address them were limited.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This review revealed significant unmet oral health needs, ethnic disparities in oral health, and barriers preventing care in Pacific populations. The findings emphasise the need for more research to address these gaps to help develop effective, culturally-informed oral health strategies for Pacific communities.</p>","PeriodicalId":94016,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in oral health","volume":"6 ","pages":"1474623"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11975911/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143813252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prognostic significance of IL-33 and ST2 expression in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: a systematic review.","authors":"Swetha Acharya, Usha Hegde, Anirudh Balakrishna Acharya, SubbaRao V Madhunapantula, Huchanahalli Sheshanna Sreeshyla, Priyanka Nitin, Medha Karnik","doi":"10.3389/froh.2025.1551781","DOIUrl":"10.3389/froh.2025.1551781","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Interleukin-33 (IL-33) and Suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (ST2) expression are strongly associated with tumor growth and progression in diverse cancers, indicating the possibility of targeting the IL-33/ST2 axis pathway as a favorable therapeutic approach. However, the specific implications of IL-33/ST2 expression in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) prognosis are not fully understood. Thus, there is a need for more comprehensive research to verify the tasks and clinical significance of IL-33 and ST2 in HNSCC.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of differentially expressed IL-33 and ST2 in tumor tissues that could serve as novel biomarkers in HNSCC.</p><p><strong>Material & methods: </strong>The Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed electronic databases were searched and analyzed from January 2013 to July 2023.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Nine studies fulfilling the inclusion criteria were analyzed. These selected studies were mainly having observational analytical study design, predominantly conducted within the Southeast Asian population. IL-33, primarily located in the stroma, demonstrates enhanced expression within carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). Overexpression of IL-33 in CAFs correlates with its expression in tumor cells, as per some of these reports. Elevated IL-33 levels in CAFs are associated with unfavorable clinical outcomes. Increased IL-33 expression is related to poor nodal metastasis-free survival, indicating an adverse prognosis in HNSCC. In HNSCC, tumor cells and regulatory T cells (Tregs) expressed ST2. The degree of ST2 expression on Tregs corresponds to the abundance of IL-33 expressing CAFs. IL-33 increases the Tregs density and amplifies their suppressive capability. Poorer survival outcomes in HNSCC are linked to elevated ST2 expression in Tregs combined with the existence of IL-33-expressing CAFs.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>CAF-driven cancer invasiveness relies on IL-33 signaling via paracrine and autocrine pathways. IL-33 may be a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target, aiming to improve prognosis and survival in HNSCC. The IL-33/ST2 axis significantly configures the tumor microenvironment and tumor aggressiveness in HNSCC. The role of serum IL33 and ST2 remains to be further studied in HNSCC.</p><p><strong>Systematic review registration: </strong>https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/i, identifier (CRD42023447963).</p>","PeriodicalId":94016,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in oral health","volume":"6 ","pages":"1551781"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11973380/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143805194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oral health knowledge, attitudes, behaviours and status among international post-secondary students: a scoping review.","authors":"Hassan W Yassin, Shahzaib Fida, Khrisha Alphonsus, Jessica Lieffers, Amrinderbir Singh","doi":"10.3389/froh.2025.1555165","DOIUrl":"10.3389/froh.2025.1555165","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This scoping review aims to review and synthesize existing literature on oral health knowledge, attitudes, behaviours, barriers, and status among international post-secondary students.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using the Arksey and O'Malley framework, MEDLINE, Embase, Dentistry & Oral Sciences Source, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Scopus databases were searched in June 2024 for selected oral health and international student keywords. Manual searches of reference lists and citations were also conducted. Original research studies in English language were included, with no geographical or date limitations. Using Rayyan, duplicates were removed, and then two authors independently screened available literature according to eligibility criteria; inconsistencies or disagreements were resolved through a third author.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The search yielded 984 articles. After removal of duplicates and those inconsistent with our inclusion criteria, 14 articles remained. In total, 13/14 articles used a cross-sectional design implementing surveys or interviews; only 4 articles presented objective clinical measures (e.g., DMFT, objective periodontal measures). Some included articles provided information about dietary habits relevant to oral health; however, information captured was limited. Overall, compared to the domestic students, international students were reported to have poorer oral health status; more gaps in their knowledge, attitudes and behaviours regarding oral health; and were also less likely to obtain routine oral health care.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>International students may face significant challenges in managing and optimizing their oral health vs. domestic students due to various factors (e.g., acculturation stress, finances, diet, academic stress etc.). Post-secondary institutions may want to consider focusing on supporting and empowering international students to access oral health care on a regular basis through targeted interventions. To design impactful interventions, future community engaged research is needed to better understand the perspectives of international students regarding their oral health status, knowledge, attitudes, behaviours, needs, and aspirations.</p>","PeriodicalId":94016,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in oral health","volume":"6 ","pages":"1555165"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11968716/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143797458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: Co-designing and evaluating oral health promotion interventions for vulnerable groups.","authors":"Vanessa Muirhead, Maha El Tantawi, Andrea Rodriguez","doi":"10.3389/froh.2025.1587771","DOIUrl":"10.3389/froh.2025.1587771","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94016,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in oral health","volume":"6 ","pages":"1587771"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11968737/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143797457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial intelligence-based diagnosis of oral leukoplakia using deep convolutional neural networks Xception and MobileNet-v2.","authors":"Elakya Ramesh, Anuradha Ganesan, Krithika Chandrasekar Lakshmi, Prabhu Manickam Natarajan","doi":"10.3389/froh.2025.1414524","DOIUrl":"10.3389/froh.2025.1414524","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The present study aims to employ and compare the artificial intelligence (AI) convolutional neural networks (CNN) Xception and MobileNet-v2 for the diagnosis of Oral leukoplakia (OL) and to differentiate its clinical types from other white lesions of the oral cavity.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Clinical photographs of oral leukoplakia and non-oral leukoplakia lesions were gathered from the SRM Dental College archives. An aggregate of 659 clinical photos, based on convenience sampling were included from the archive in the dataset. Around 202 pictures were of oral leukoplakia while 457 were other white lesions. Lesions considered in the differential diagnosis of oral leukoplakia like frictional keratosis, oral candidiasis, oral lichen planus, lichenoid reactions, mucosal burns, pouch keratosis, and oral carcinoma were included under the other white lesions subset. A total of 261 images constituting the test sample, were arbitrarily selected from the collected dataset, whilst the remaining images served as training and validation datasets. The training dataset were engaged in data augmentation to enhance the quantity and variation. Performance metrics of accuracy, precision, recall, and f1_score were incorporated for the CNN model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>CNN models both Xception and MobileNetV2 were able to diagnose OL and other white lesions using photographs. In terms of F1-score and overall accuracy, the MobilenetV2 model performed noticeably better than the other model.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We demonstrate that CNN models are capable of 89%-92% accuracy and can be best used to discern OL and its clinical types from other white lesions of the oral cavity.</p>","PeriodicalId":94016,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in oral health","volume":"6 ","pages":"1414524"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11968717/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143797456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}