International journal of health research and innovation最新文献_第8页

Pregnancy Termination in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Need for Refined Data 撒哈拉以南非洲的终止妊娠:需要精确的数据

International journal of health research and innovation Pub Date : 2010-06-09 DOI: 10.4314/IJHR.V1I4.55378

L. Ibisomi, C. Odimegwu

{"title":"Pregnancy Termination in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Need for Refined Data","authors":"L. Ibisomi, C. Odimegwu","doi":"10.4314/IJHR.V1I4.55378","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/IJHR.V1I4.55378","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSE: This study examines the levels and pattern of, as well as the factors associated with, pregnancy termination in seventeen Sub-Sahara African countries. \u0000METHODS: The 2000 round of demographic and health survey (DHS) data sets for the countries are used. The study population are women aged 15-49 who have ever been exposed to the risk of pregnancy and interviewed during the surveys. Univariate analysis is done to examine the distribution of the women. Bivariate analysis of selected background, contraceptive, sexual \u0000behaviour and fertility variables by having ever had a terminated pregnancy are also carried out. Lastly, multivariate logistic regression models are fitted to examine the magnitude of associated variables while controlling for others. RESULTS: the associated factors vary from country to country. However, age and marital status are associated with and are critical predictors of having ever had a terminated pregnancy in all the countries. For example, the odds of having ever had a \u0000terminated pregnancy is about 54 and 32 times (for currently and formerly married women, respectively) that of those that have never married in Rwanda. CONCLUSION: This study has come up with findings that \u0000provoke more thinking and research on the topic of pregnancy termination and to reproductive health in general. This is because ‘ever had a terminated pregnancy’ as used in the DHS context made no distinction between the three different pathways \u0000through which a pregnancy may not result into a live birth. \u0000 \u0000Key Words: Abortion; Stillbirths; Pregnancy termination; Sub- Saharan Africa.","PeriodicalId":93450,"journal":{"name":"International journal of health research and innovation","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90692920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 14

Antigen detection of entamoeba histolytica intestinal infection: cost-associated challenge in a resource poor country 溶组织内阿米巴肠道感染的抗原检测:资源贫乏国家的成本相关挑战

International journal of health research and innovation Pub Date : 2010-06-09 DOI: 10.4314/IJHR.V2I2.55415

A. Fadeyi, C. Nwabuisi, B. Adegboro

{"title":"Antigen detection of entamoeba histolytica intestinal infection: cost-associated challenge in a resource poor country","authors":"A. Fadeyi, C. Nwabuisi, B. Adegboro","doi":"10.4314/IJHR.V2I2.55415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/IJHR.V2I2.55415","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Laboratory diagnosis of Entamoeba histolytica infection is still being made through compound light microscopy in resource limited countries despite the associated flaws. This study is aimed at applying and determining the usefulness of ELISA antigen detection technique for E. histolytica intestinal infection diagnosis in a resource poor nation. Methods: A total of 150 subjects with acute and persistent diarrhoea had their stool specimens examined by compound light microscopy for E. \u0000histolytica/dispar and other intestinal parasites. Ninetyfour \u0000of them (62.67%) had their stool specimens examined with ELISA antigen detection for E. histolytica Results: Two (1.33%) of the subjects were positive for E. histolytica/ dispar on microscopy but none was \u0000positive for E. histolytica by ELISA antigen detection. \u0000Subjects positive by microscopy were identified as E. \u0000dispar (1.33%) carriers. Conclusion: ELISA antigen detection technique is a preferred method of detection of parasites even in resource poor settings to avoid confusing results. At present, the best use of E. histolytica II kit in resource poor nations should be limited to screening of E. histolytic/dispar microscopically positive stool samples for E. histolytica infection. \u0000 \u0000Keywords: Amoebasis; Antigen detection; ELISA; \u0000Entamoeba histolytica; Laboratory diagnosis; Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":93450,"journal":{"name":"International journal of health research and innovation","volume":"411 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91372461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Hypoglycemic and Hypolipidemic Activities of Momordica dioica Roxb Fruit Pulp Extracts on Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats 苦瓜果肉提取物对四氧嘧啶诱导的糖尿病大鼠的降血糖和降血脂作用

International journal of health research and innovation Pub Date : 2010-06-09 DOI: 10.4314/IJHR.V2I2.55422

K. Ilango, G. Maharajan, S. Narasimhan

{"title":"Hypoglycemic and Hypolipidemic Activities of Momordica dioica Roxb Fruit Pulp Extracts on Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats","authors":"K. Ilango, G. Maharajan, S. Narasimhan","doi":"10.4314/IJHR.V2I2.55422","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/IJHR.V2I2.55422","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To investigate the effect of Momordica dioica fruit \u0000pulp extract on blood glucose and other biochemical \u0000parameters on alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Methods: Diabetes was induced in adult albino Wistar rats by \u0000intra peritoneal (ip) injection of alloxan (150 mg/kg). Hexane extract (HE) and ethyl acetate soluble fraction of methanolic extract (EASFME) of M. dioica fruit pulp (400 mg/kg) were administered as a single dose per day to the diabetes rats for 15 days. The control group received distilled water for the same duration. Blood glucose levels and serum lipid profiles were measured in the diabetic and non-diabetic rats. Results: In the diabetic rats, the elevated blood glucose levels, total cholesterol and triglycerides were reduced to the normal values by both HE and EASFME of M. dioica. Conclusion: M. dioica fruit pulp possesses antihyperglycemic and anti-lipidemic effects. The present investigation of this plant established pharmacological evidence to support the folklore claim that it is an anti-diabetic agent. \u0000 \u0000Keywords: Alloxan; Hypoglycemia; Hypolipidemic; Momordica dioica.","PeriodicalId":93450,"journal":{"name":"International journal of health research and innovation","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81300762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 18

Gastro-Protective Effects of the Leaf Extract and Fractions of Fleurya aestuans L (Urticaceae) 荨麻科百合花叶提取物及组分的胃保护作用

International journal of health research and innovation Pub Date : 2010-06-09 DOI: 10.4314/IJHR.V2I1.55393

P. Akah, C. Onyirioha, C. Nworu, O. Ndu

{"title":"Gastro-Protective Effects of the Leaf Extract and Fractions of Fleurya aestuans L (Urticaceae)","authors":"P. Akah, C. Onyirioha, C. Nworu, O. Ndu","doi":"10.4314/IJHR.V2I1.55393","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/IJHR.V2I1.55393","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To investigate the gastroprotective properties of the methanol leaf extract and fractions of Fleurya aestuans L (Urticaceae) in rodents. Methods: Anti-ulcer effect was evaluated in three ulcer models induced by ethanol, indomethacin and hypothermic- restraint \u0000stress in rats. Other anti-ulcer related activities of the extract such as the effects on gastrointestinal motility, and the activity on contractions evoked by standard agonists on isolated guinea pig ileum were also determined. Results: Increasing concentrations of the extracts and fractions did not produce spasmogenic effect on the isolated guinea pig ileum, but produced a dose-related inhibition of contractile responses to histamine and acetylcholine with IC50 range of 0.245- \u00000.525 and 0.525-1.525 mg/ml, respectively. In the ethanol-induced ulcer models, administration of the extracts of F. aestuans at 400 mg/kg reduced the ulcer indices of all the treated groups, but significant (p < 0.05) ulcer protection was shown by the n-hexane and the methanol fractions. The rats were also significantly protected from the indomethacin-induced ulceration by the methanol extract (p < 0.05). The methanol extract and the nhexane fraction conferred significant (p < 0.05) gastro-protection against ulcers induced by cold restraint (stress) in rats. Administration of the ethylacetate fraction (EF, 400 mg/kg) and the n-hexane fraction (HF, 400 mg/kg) produced significant (p < 0.05) anti-peristaltic activity reducing gastrointestinal motility in mice in a \u0000dose-related manner. Conclusion: The leaf extracts of F. aestuans possess gatroprotective properties could justify folklore uses of the plant in peptic ulcer diseases. \u0000 \u0000Keywords: Anti-ulcer activity, Fleurya aestuans, gastro-protection, peptic ulcers","PeriodicalId":93450,"journal":{"name":"International journal of health research and innovation","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90788962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 10

Anthelminthic activity of Asta Churna 中国亚洲的蚁类活动

International journal of health research and innovation Pub Date : 2010-06-09 DOI: 10.4314/IJHR.V2I1.55399

K. Devi, S. Indumathy, V. Rathinambal, S. Uma, S. Kavimani, V. Balu

引用次数: 22

Antibacterial, antidiarrhoeal and ulcer-protective activity of methanolic extract of Spondias mangifera bark 芒草树皮甲醇提取物的抗菌、止泻和溃疡保护作用

International journal of health research and innovation Pub Date : 2010-06-09 DOI: 10.4314/IJHR.V1I4.55367

M. Arif, K. Zaman, S. Fareed, M. Hussain

{"title":"Antibacterial, antidiarrhoeal and ulcer-protective activity of methanolic extract of Spondias mangifera bark","authors":"M. Arif, K. Zaman, S. Fareed, M. Hussain","doi":"10.4314/IJHR.V1I4.55367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/IJHR.V1I4.55367","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSE: To evaluate Spondias mangifera bark for \u0000indomethacin-induced ulcer protective and castor-oil \u0000induced antidiarrhoeal activity. METHODS: The extracts of S. mangifera were tested for castor-oil induced diarrhea, and intestinal fluid accumulation and propulsion in rats using diphenoxylate hydrochloride and atropine as standard drug. The effect of the extracts on indomethacin-induced ulceration in rats was also evaluated. using cimetidine as positive control. In-vitro antibacterial activity of methanolic and aqueous extract was also evaluated against Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium and Vibrio cholerae bacteria. RESULTS: There was a significant (p < 0.01) inhibition activity against castor oil induced diarrhoea and fluid accumulations in rats when tested at 100 and 200mg/kg. The extracts also showed significant (p < 0.01) reduction in intestinal propulsion in charcoal meal test in rats. The methanol extract inhibited the ulcerogenic effect of indomethacin and good antibacterial activity. CONCLUSION: S. mangifera possesses significant \u0000antidiarrhoeal, ulcer protective and antibacterial activities. \u0000 \u0000Keywords: Antidiarrhoeal; Antibacterial; Spondias mangifera bark; Ulcer protective effect.","PeriodicalId":93450,"journal":{"name":"International journal of health research and innovation","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86224271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 13

Factors Influencing the Health Behaviors of International Students at a University 某高校留学生健康行为的影响因素

International journal of health research and innovation Pub Date : 2010-06-09 DOI: 10.4314/IJHR.V2I2.55404

Grace K Lartey, Sandeep Mishra, Divine E Odonwodo, Chitalu Chitalu, Andrew Chafatelli

{"title":"Factors Influencing the Health Behaviors of International Students at a University","authors":"Grace K Lartey, Sandeep Mishra, Divine E Odonwodo, Chitalu Chitalu, Andrew Chafatelli","doi":"10.4314/IJHR.V2I2.55404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/IJHR.V2I2.55404","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Each year, college campuses in America welcome an increasing and diverse population of international students. While the health status of these students is as diverse as the countries they come from, the shared experience of coming from different cultures, different backgrounds and different systems could lead to differences in health behavior. This study aimed to identify key patterns in nutrition, exercise and use of health care services and make recommendations for health promotion interventions. Methods: Online questionnaires were distributed to all international students enrolled in classes for the Spring 2007. Results: The majority of international students believed healthy behaviors were important: good nutrition habits (91%); regular exercise (74%); and use of health care services (60%). Forty-four percent of the students reported they never exercise and 56% reported not to have used any health care services within the past year. Conclusion: Although international students of Western Kentucky University, USA believe in healthy behaviours, majority often do not use the health care services. University wellness programs should be designed to identify target areas for health promotion interventions among international students. In addition, orientation programs provided to these students should be comprehensive and must include perceived academic, health, social and cultural issues and how to overcome them. Keywords: Exercise; International students; Health care services; Health promotion; Nutrition.","PeriodicalId":93450,"journal":{"name":"International journal of health research and innovation","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74187357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 10

Effect of curing time on ph and time dependant coated pellets 固化时间对ph值及时间依赖性的影响

International journal of health research and innovation Pub Date : 2010-06-09 DOI: 10.4314/IJHR.V2I1.55394

V. D. Kadam, S. Gattani

引用次数: 3

Sustained delivery of propranolol by using multiparticulate gastroretentive drug delivery system 多颗粒胃保留给药系统持续给药心得安

International journal of health research and innovation Pub Date : 2010-06-09 DOI: 10.4314/IJHR.V1I4.55381

R. Fursul, C. Patr, S. Kosalg, D. Pati, Prashant K. Deshmukh

{"title":"Sustained delivery of propranolol by using multiparticulate gastroretentive drug delivery system","authors":"R. Fursul, C. Patr, S. Kosalg, D. Pati, Prashant K. Deshmukh","doi":"10.4314/IJHR.V1I4.55381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/IJHR.V1I4.55381","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSE: Gastroretentive systems can significantly prolong the gastric residence time of drugs. If a drug is stable in gastric acid, prolonged gastric retention improves bioavailability. The objective of the present investigation was to develop an extended and controlled release composition and formulation of propranolol using expandable, gelling, swellable hydrocolloid polymer along with mineral oil. METHODS: A formulation was prepared without using mineral oil by conventional ionotropic gelation method. All other formulations of oil entrapped floating gel beads of propranolol hydrochloride were prepared by using emulsion gelation method in which sodium alginate was used as a gelling agent and mineral oil was used to impart buoyancy to the formulation \u0000Spherical gel beads were formed instantaneously. The prepared beads were evaluated for diameter, surface morphology, encapsulation efficiency and drug release. \u0000RESULTS: Low concentration of oil containing formulation \u0000exhibited greater release of drug. As the concentration of oil increases, drug release decreases to certain extent. Percentage buoyancy of floating propranolol hydrochloride gel beads was found satisfactory. The highest mean diameter was observed in the formulation with 30% of mineral oil. The formulation with 35% of mineral oil had the highest drug loading and scanning electron \u0000microscopy revealed that the beads were spherical in shape with rough surfaces. CONCLUSION: Oil entrapped gel beads can be used as floating drug delivery system for extended drug release for both local and systemic drug delivery. \u0000 \u0000Keywords: Floating drug delivery system; Emulsion gelation; Sodium alginate; Mineral oil; Propranolol hydrochloride.","PeriodicalId":93450,"journal":{"name":"International journal of health research and innovation","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80835333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

In vitro antioxidant property of Laticiferous plant species from western Ghats Tamilnadu, India 印度泰米尔纳德邦西部高止山脉乳汁科植物的体外抗氧化性能

International journal of health research and innovation Pub Date : 2010-06-09 DOI: 10.4314/IJHR.V2I2.55413

Hariram V Bhaskar, Natarajan, Balakrishnan

{"title":"In vitro antioxidant property of Laticiferous plant species from western Ghats Tamilnadu, India","authors":"Hariram V Bhaskar, Natarajan, Balakrishnan","doi":"10.4314/IJHR.V2I2.55413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/IJHR.V2I2.55413","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To determine the antioxidant and free radical \u0000scavenging properties of the ethanol and aqueous extracts from roots of Carissa carandas and Pergularia \u0000daemia in various in vitro systems. Methods: Reducing power, DPPH radical, superoxide radical, nitric oxide radical and hydrogen peroxide radical scavenging assays were carried out to evaluate the antioxidant potential of the ethanol and aqueous extracts from roots of C. carandas and P. daemia. Total phenolic content and total flavonoids were also evaluated. Results: In the DPPH radical scavenging assay the IC50 values were 178.84 and 169.39 μg/ml for ethanol extract of C. carandas and P. daemia respectively. In the nitric oxide radical scavenging assay the ethanol extract of P. daemia showed maximum percentage inhibition (65.14±0.0115), while the aqueous extract of P. daemia exhibited least percentage inhibition (62.69±0.0461) on superoxide radical scavenging, when compared with other extracts. The aqueous extract of C. carandas and P. daemia exhibited 50% scavenging activity at 208.07 and 243.09 μg/ml on H2O2 radical. The reducing power of the extracts \u0000increased dose dependently. All the extracts exhibited \u0000significant antioxidant (p < 0.01) activity. Conclusion: The extracts of the roots of C. carandas nd P. daemia possess antioxidant properties and could serve as free radical inhibitors or scavengers. \u0000 \u0000Keywords: Carissa carandas; Pergularia daemia; Free \u0000radicals; Antioxidant; Phenolic compounds.","PeriodicalId":93450,"journal":{"name":"International journal of health research and innovation","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81031074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 52