International journal of health research and innovation最新文献_第10页

International journal of health research and innovation Pub Date : 2010-06-08 DOI: 10.4314/IJHR.V1I1.55345

W. Ojieabu, P. Erah, Nwamuru A Okafor

{"title":"Hiv/aids – related knowledge and sexual behaviour among secondary school students in Benin city","authors":"W. Ojieabu, P. Erah, Nwamuru A Okafor","doi":"10.4314/IJHR.V1I1.55345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/IJHR.V1I1.55345","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The high prevalence of HIV/AIDS amongst African \u0000youths has been a major problem in recent times, particularly in Nigeria where over 5% of the population is at risk of the disease. We undertook to assess HIV/AIDS related knowledge and sexual behaviour among secondary school students in Benin City. Methods: In a cross-sectional study using a 59-item selfadministered \u0000questionnaire, a survey was carried out among \u00001917 students (48.7% male and 51.3% female; age: 11-24 years) systematically selected from 13 secondary schools in Benin City to assess HIV/AID related knowledge and sexual behaviour. Results: Awareness of HIV/AIDS was high. Misconceptions about the cause and spread was very high (91.4% and 93.1% of respondents, respectively). The knowledge on prevention was poor as only 40.4% of the respondents knew how to avoid contacting HIV/AIDS. While 9.1% of the students indicated ever having sex (with 67.4% of them using condom before sex), only 2.4% engaged in commercial sex. \u0000Some of the males (4.2%) are homosexuals. As many as \u00005.8% of the youths (and 12.4% of those who had done HIV test in the preceding 12 months) were HIV positive. \u0000Conclusion: Despite the various educational efforts to address the problems of HIV/AIDS, the knowledge of secondary school students in Benin City is still poor and the adolescents still engage in risky behavours. This calls for educational intervention that will impact in-depth knowledge about HIV/ AIDS among the youths who are at the center of HIV/AIDS pandemic. \u0000 \u0000Keywords: HIV/AIDS knowledge, risky sexual behaviour, \u0000questionnaire survey, secondary schools, Benin City","PeriodicalId":93450,"journal":{"name":"International journal of health research and innovation","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72813755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 11

Possible nitric oxide modulation in the protective effect of trazodone against sleep deprivation-induced anxiety like behavior and oxidative damage in mice 一氧化氮在曲唑酮对小鼠睡眠剥夺引起的焦虑行为和氧化损伤的保护作用中的可能调节作用

International journal of health research and innovation Pub Date : 2010-06-08 DOI: 10.4314/IJHR.V1I3.55362

A. Kumar, R. Garg

{"title":"Possible nitric oxide modulation in the protective effect of trazodone against sleep deprivation-induced anxiety like behavior and oxidative damage in mice","authors":"A. Kumar, R. Garg","doi":"10.4314/IJHR.V1I3.55362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/IJHR.V1I3.55362","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The present study was designed to explore the possible nitric oxide modulation in the protective effect of trazodone against sleep deprivation-induced behavioral alterations and oxidative damage in mice. Methods: In a controlled study, sleep deprivation was induced in 10 \u0000groups of mice (6 in each group) for 72 hr by using grid suspended over water method. Trazodone (5 and 10 mg/kg, ip), L-arginine (50 mg/kg, ip), L-NAME (10 mg/kg, ip) and methylene blue (10 mg/kg, i.p) were administered for 5 days, 2 days prior to the 72 hr sleep deprivation. Various behavioral tests (plus maze, zero maze, mirror \u0000chamber, actophotometer) followed by oxidative stress parameters (malondialdehyde level, reduced glutathione, catalase, nitrite and protein) were assessed in the animals. Results: The trazodone treatment significantly indcued anti-anxiety like effect, improved locomotor activity and antioxidant effect as indicated by reduced lipid peroxidation, nitrite concentration and restoration of depleted reduced glutathione and catalase activity. \u0000Further, prior treatment of the animals with L-NAME and methylene blue potentiated the protective effect of trazodone (5 mg/kg) (p<0.05). However, L-arginine combined with trazodone (5mg/kg) reversed the protective effect of trazodone (p<0.05). Conclusion: Results of present study suggest that NO modulation \u0000is involved in the protective effect of trazodone against sleep deprivation-induced anxiety like behavior and oxidative damage in mice. \u0000 \u0000Keywords: Anxiety, locomotor activity, oxidative stress, sleep deprivation, trazodone, L-arginine, L-NAME, methylene blue.","PeriodicalId":93450,"journal":{"name":"International journal of health research and innovation","volume":"110 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76108755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

The unexpected bilateral Tuberculous empyema: a case report in a child 意外的双侧结核性脓胸:1例儿童

International journal of health research and innovation Pub Date : 2009-11-17 DOI: 10.4314/IJHR.V1I2.47914

H. I. Intan, N. Othman, Mohd Fmf Alsiddiq, Farahiah Wz Wan-Azfa, Mohd N Lokman

引用次数: 5

Pharmacists and Nurses Perception of Medication Errors in a Nigerian University Teaching Hospital 尼日利亚某大学教学医院药师和护士对用药错误的认知

International journal of health research and innovation Pub Date : 2009-11-17 DOI: 10.4314/IJHR.V1I2.47916

Adeolu I. Demehin, O. O. Babalola, W. Erhun

{"title":"Pharmacists and Nurses Perception of Medication Errors in a Nigerian University Teaching Hospital","authors":"Adeolu I. Demehin, O. O. Babalola, W. Erhun","doi":"10.4314/IJHR.V1I2.47916","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/IJHR.V1I2.47916","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To investigate the type and frequency of all \u0000medication dispensing and administration errors as perceived \u0000by pharmacists and nurses respectively, and the factors \u0000associated with such errors in a Nigerian university teaching \u0000hospital. \u0000Methods: The study was conducted at the Obafemi Awolowo \u0000University Teaching Hospitals, Ile-Ife and Ilesa, Nigeria. Data \u0000was collected by the use of pre-tested questionnaire administered to 35 pharmacists and a stratified sample of 130 \u0000nurses over a period of 2 weeks. The questionnaires were \u0000sorted and analysed. \u0000Results: The pharmacists that responded (80%) cited incorrect \u0000drug, incorrect strength of drug (70%) and wrong dose of drug \u0000(60%) as the most common dispensing errors. Fifty percent of \u0000pharmacists put the estimated frequency of occurrence of \u0000these dispensing errors at 1 per 100 prescriptions dispensed. \u0000Most of the nurses (65%) identified administration of wrong \u0000drug, administration of wrong dose (63%) and wrong time of \u0000drug administration (57%) as the most frequently occurring \u0000medication administration errors in the teaching hospital. All the \u0000pharmacists and 78% of nurses identified excess workload as \u0000the most important factor contributing to errors in medication \u0000dispensing and administration respectively. \u0000Conclusion: The fundamental factor perceived to be \u0000contributing to errors in medication dispensing and \u0000administration was excess workload resulting from insufficient \u0000members of staff. \u0000 \u0000 Keywords: Medication error, dispensing, drug administration, pharmacist, nurses, Nigeria","PeriodicalId":93450,"journal":{"name":"International journal of health research and innovation","volume":"17 1","pages":"51-61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81190463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 18

Budd Chiari Syndrome in a Fifteen-Year Old Girl with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus 15岁女孩系统性红斑狼疮Budd - Chiari综合征1例

International journal of health research and innovation Pub Date : 2009-11-17 DOI: 10.4314/IJHR.V1I2.47915

N. Hussain, G. Jaffery, A. Sabri, S. Hasnain, N. Mir

引用次数: 2

Difficulty in Understanding Statistics: Medical Students’ Perspectives in a Nigerian University 理解统计学的困难:尼日利亚大学医学生的视角

International journal of health research and innovation Pub Date : 2009-11-17 DOI: 10.4314/IJHR.V2I3.47907

O. Adeleye, A. Ofili

{"title":"Difficulty in Understanding Statistics: Medical Students’ Perspectives in a Nigerian University","authors":"O. Adeleye, A. Ofili","doi":"10.4314/IJHR.V2I3.47907","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/IJHR.V2I3.47907","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSE: The study was conducted to examine the \u0000characteristics of medical students vis-a-vis difficulty in \u0000understanding statistics and to explore the perceived causes \u0000of this difficulty among those affected. \u0000METHODS: In a descriptive cross-sectional questionnairebased \u0000survey, 293 consenting final year medical students of \u0000the University of Benin were interviewed. \u0000RESULTS: Eighty-seven (29.7%) respondents expressed \u0000difficulty in understanding statistics. Their major reasons \u0000(from multiple-response questions) were the unsatisfactory \u0000teaching of statistics, 58, (66.7%); their unseriousness about \u0000statistics, 21, (24.1%); and a perception that statistics itself \u0000was difficult, 19, (21.8%). Females were more likely than \u0000males to blame their difficulty on the unsatisfactory teaching \u0000of the subject (p=0.09; OR=0.34). Respondents whose \u0000interest in statistics ranged from “good” to “excellent” were \u0000also more likely to blame their difficulty on the unsatisfactory \u0000teaching of the subject (p=0.034; OR=0.37) but less likely to \u0000blame this on their unseriousness about the subject (p=0.00; \u0000OR=9.84) than those whose interest ranged from “fair” to \u0000“very low”. \u0000CONCLUSION: Most medical students who had difficulty in \u0000understanding statistics blamed the situation mainly on poor \u0000teaching of the subject and their self-rated unseriousness \u0000about the subject. Skilled medical statistics teachers should \u0000be engaged to teach the subject and to motivate students to \u0000learn it. Key words: Medical students, Medical education, Statistics, \u0000Gender, Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":93450,"journal":{"name":"International journal of health research and innovation","volume":"172 1","pages":"233-242"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89258928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Amitriptyline and Sertraline in Diabetic Neuropathy: A Comparative View 阿米替林与舍曲林治疗糖尿病神经病变的比较研究

International journal of health research and innovation Pub Date : 2009-11-17 DOI: 10.4314/IJHR.V1I2.47918

Talha Jawaid, A. Shakya, M. Kamal, S. Hussain

引用次数: 6

Phytochemical Screening and Free Radical Scavenging Activities of the Fruits and Leaves of Allanblackia floribunda Oliv (Guttiferae) 花楸果实和叶片的植物化学筛选及自由基清除活性

International journal of health research and innovation Pub Date : 2009-11-17 DOI: 10.4314/IJHR.V1I2.47920

G. Ayoola, S. Ipav, M. Sofidiya, A. Adepoju-Bello, H. Coker, Tolu Odugbemi

{"title":"Phytochemical Screening and Free Radical Scavenging Activities of the Fruits and Leaves of Allanblackia floribunda Oliv (Guttiferae)","authors":"G. Ayoola, S. Ipav, M. Sofidiya, A. Adepoju-Bello, H. Coker, Tolu Odugbemi","doi":"10.4314/IJHR.V1I2.47920","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/IJHR.V1I2.47920","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To compare the phytochemical constituents in the leaves and fruits of Allanblackia floribunda and determine their free radical scavenging activity. \u0000Methods: The fruit and leaves of AF collected from the uncultivated farmlands of Okeigbo, Ondo State, Nigeria, were dried, milled and extracted with methanol. Phytochemical screening was carried out according to standard procedures. Free radical scavenging activity was determined by measuring the decrease in the visible absorbance of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) on addition of the plant extract. The mean inhibitory concentration (IC50), which is the \u0000concentration of extract needed to decrease the initial absorbance of DPPH by 50% was determined graphically. Total phenolic, flavonoids and proanthocyanidin contents were determined by spectrophotometric methods. \u0000Results: Alkaloids, anthraquinones, tannins, saponins, steroids, \u0000terpenoids, flavonoids and cardiac glycosides were found to be \u0000present in both the fruits and leaves. Only AF fruit contained \u0000phlobatannins. IC50 values of 0.01, 0.02 and 0.1 mg/ml were \u0000recorded for Vitamin E, AF leaves and AF fruits respectively. Total phenolic, total flavonoid and proanthocyanidin contents were 65, 0.07 and 2.38 mg/g of powdered plant material for AF fruits, and 12, 51.35, 19.5 mg/g of powdered plant material for AF leaves as gallic acid, rutin and catechin equivalents respectively. \u0000Conclusion: AF leaves are five times more potent as a free radical scavenger compared to the fruits though the fruit was found to contain a higher phenolic content. \u0000 \u0000 Keywords: Free radical scavenger, phenolic content, \u0000proanthocyanidin, flavonoids, DPPH, Allanblankia floribunda, tannins, steroids, alkaloids and anthraquinones.","PeriodicalId":93450,"journal":{"name":"International journal of health research and innovation","volume":"48 2 1","pages":"87-93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83188209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 69

Reference Ranges for Some Biochemical Parameters in Adult Kenyans 肯尼亚成年人一些生化参数的参考范围

International journal of health research and innovation Pub Date : 2009-11-17 DOI: 10.4314/IJHR.V2I3.47910

S. Waithaka, Enm Njagi, J. Ngeranwa, C. Kigondu

{"title":"Reference Ranges for Some Biochemical Parameters in Adult Kenyans","authors":"S. Waithaka, Enm Njagi, J. Ngeranwa, C. Kigondu","doi":"10.4314/IJHR.V2I3.47910","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/IJHR.V2I3.47910","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSE: To establish the reference ranges of some biochemical \u0000parameters for adult Kenyan population. \u0000METHODS: In a prospective involving 1100 healthy blood donors \u0000(age: 18-55 yr) in Kenyatta National Hospital, Kenya reference \u0000ranges of some biochemical analytes were constructed by using the parametric methods to estimate 2.5 and 97.5 percentiles of \u0000distribution. \u0000RESULTS: The reference ranges of the analytes were: alanine \u0000aminotransferase (ALT) [males (0-39) U/L, females (0-34) U/L]; \u0000aspartate aminotransferase (AST) [males (6-40) U/L, females (3-37) U/L]; alkaline phosphatase (ALP) [males (13-201) U/L, females (5-227) U/L]; albumin (ALB) [males (29-52) g/L, females (28-50) g/L]; protein (PROT) [males (57-89) g/L, females (56-88) g/L]; creatinine (CREAT) [males (59-127) μmol/L, females (54-122) μmol/L]; glucose (GLU) [males (2.8-6.8) mmol/L, females (2.6-7) mmol/L]; phosphorus (PHOS) [males (0.5-2.0) mmol/L, females (0.2-2.4) mmo/L]; potassium (POT) [males (3-5.3), females (3.1-5.1) mmo/L]; \u0000sodium (SOD) [males (111-153) mmol/L, females (117-151) \u0000mmol/L]; Blood urea nitrogen BUN [males (1.5-5.9) mmol/L, females (1.2-6.0) mmol/L] and Uric acid (UA) [males (120-458) μmol/L, females (89-415) μmol/L]. Age differences in the established reference ranges were observed in ALT, ALB, CREAT, ALP and UA in males and in ALT, ALB, and CREAT in females. Gender differences were observed in ALT, AST, ALB, CREAT and UA in the 18-28 yr old, ALT, AST, ALB, SOD and UA in 29-39 yr old and AST, ALB, and UA in 40-50 yr old. \u0000CONCLUSION: Age and sex specific reference ranges of some \u0000biochemical parameters were established some of which were \u0000different from those reported in literature. There therefore the need for each clinical chemistry laboratory to establish its own ranges. \u0000 \u0000 Keywords: Reference range, Biochemical parameter, Adult \u0000Kenyan, Kenyatta National Hospital.","PeriodicalId":93450,"journal":{"name":"International journal of health research and innovation","volume":"10 1","pages":"259-266"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79939042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 15

Effect of pH and Hydroxylpropyl-b-Cyclodextrin on Solubility and Stability of Gliclazide pH和羟丙基-b-环糊精对格列齐特溶解度和稳定性的影响

International journal of health research and innovation Pub Date : 2009-11-17 DOI: 10.4314/IJHR.V1I2.47921

B. D. Shewale, R. Fursule, Nidhi Sapkal

{"title":"Effect of pH and Hydroxylpropyl-b-Cyclodextrin on Solubility and Stability of Gliclazide","authors":"B. D. Shewale, R. Fursule, Nidhi Sapkal","doi":"10.4314/IJHR.V1I2.47921","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/IJHR.V1I2.47921","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Hydroxy propylated β cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) has been used to improve the aqueous solubility of a variety of pharmacological compounds. Through the complexation of HP-β-CD, it is possible to enhance the water solubility and hence the drug bioavailability after oral administration. The present study was undertaken to examine the effect of pH and concentration of HP-β-CD on the solubility of gliclazide as it shows pH dependent solubility and stability. \u0000Method: The equilibrium solubility of gliclazide in a series of \u0000solutions of varying pH (from 1.2 to 11) was determined and \u0000compared with the equilibrium solubility of gliclazide in the \u0000presence of 20% HP- β-CD at same pH values. \u0000Result: As the pH increases from 9.2 to 11 its solubility \u0000relatively constant (3.5 μg/ml ± 0.5). Addition of 20% HP-\u0001-CD \u0000increased the solubility to about 9 times at pH 1.2 and 4; 15 \u0000times at pH 6.8; 40 times at pH 7.4; 58 times at pH 9.2 and 67 \u0000times at pH 11. It was observed that solubility of protonated \u0000form is more than neutral molecule. HP-β-CD resulted in \u0000increased solubility at all pH values. But inclusion of drug in the \u0000cavity of HP-β-CD might depend upon charged state of the \u0000molecule. \u0000Conclusion: The solubility of gliclazide can be increased either \u0000by the addition of HP-β-CD or by adding pH lowering agents. \u0000 \u0000 Keywords: pH, hydroxypropylated-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD), gliclazide.","PeriodicalId":93450,"journal":{"name":"International journal of health research and innovation","volume":"33 1","pages":"95-99"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86821397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7