Anurag Tiwari;Vinayak Kumar;Ruchi Agarwal;Mohammad Amir;Mohammed A. Alharbi;S. M. Muyeen
{"title":"Five-Level MLI-Based Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Systems: A Review on Control Methodologies, Modulation Strategies and Recent Developments","authors":"Anurag Tiwari;Vinayak Kumar;Ruchi Agarwal;Mohammad Amir;Mohammed A. Alharbi;S. M. Muyeen","doi":"10.1109/OJPEL.2024.3515288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJPEL.2024.3515288","url":null,"abstract":"This study provides an extensive overview of recent developments in grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) systems based on five-level Multilevel Inverters (MLIs), with an emphasis on modulation schemes, control approaches, and system architectures. Five-level MLI-based PV systems have become a crucial option as the relevance of renewable energy keeps increasing because of their increased efficiency, less harmonic distortion, and greater power quality. The study looks at several different control strategies, including grid synchronization approaches and Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT), to improve PV system performance and grid interaction. Several modulation techniques are also examined, with a focus on how they might lower harmonics and boost system performance. Examples of these techniques include pulse width modulation (PWM) and selective harmonic elimination (SHE). Further analysis of the structural features of five-level MLI-based systems is done, which helps to clarify the trade-offs between complexity, dependability, and cost. This analysis includes component needs and scalability concerns. Researchers and engineers working on the design, control, and deployment of sophisticated MLI-based PV systems in grid-connected applications may learn from this paper.","PeriodicalId":93182,"journal":{"name":"IEEE open journal of power electronics","volume":"6 ","pages":"78-108"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10791915","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142890312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ali Sarajian;Quanxue Guan;Ibrahim Harbi;Davood Arab Khaburi;Ralph Kennel;Cristian Garcia;Patrick Wheeler;Jose Rodriguez
{"title":"Enhanced Modulated Model Predictive Control for Matrix Converters in Overmodulation Zones","authors":"Ali Sarajian;Quanxue Guan;Ibrahim Harbi;Davood Arab Khaburi;Ralph Kennel;Cristian Garcia;Patrick Wheeler;Jose Rodriguez","doi":"10.1109/OJPEL.2024.3512855","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJPEL.2024.3512855","url":null,"abstract":"Modulated Model Predictive Control (MMPC) techniques can be applied to enhance matrix converter (MC) performance in the linear modulation zone (LMZ). However, extending the converter operation in the overmodulation zone (OMZ) remains a problem. A key limitation of existing control methods in the OMZ is using the duty cycles calculated for the LMZ without considering the voltage or current reference vectors. This approach can lead to inaccurate calculations and a slower transient response when switching between the two operational zones. To overcome this challenge, a novel reference vector calculation method is proposed in this paper. The proposed approach simplifies the duty cycle calculation and ensures optimal performance in the OMZ by introducing new vector calculations and dividing the OMZ into two subzones. This method also minimizes the transition time between LMZ and OMZs to maximize the usable operating range of MCs. Simulation and experimental results validate the proposed method outperforms two other MMPC methods in improving the MC performance, reducing the transition times between operational zones, and maximizing the converter utilization.","PeriodicalId":93182,"journal":{"name":"IEEE open journal of power electronics","volume":"6 ","pages":"66-77"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10783040","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142880378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Novel Soft-Switched SEPIC-Based DC–DC Converter With High Voltage Gain","authors":"Reza Asgarnia;Ehsan Adib;Ebrahim Afjei;Hadi Tarzamni","doi":"10.1109/OJPEL.2024.3513219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJPEL.2024.3513219","url":null,"abstract":"This study introduces a novel high-gain DC-DC converter by integrating a coupled inductor (CI) and a voltage multiplier cell (VMC) into the conventional SEPIC topology. An auxiliary switch, benefiting from zero voltage switching (ZVS), is applied to provide ZVS for the main switch over a wide output power range. Moreover, the employed diodes turn off under zero current switching (ZCS), thus eliminating reverse recovery losses and increasing efficiency. This study conducts a comprehensive analysis and compares the proposed converter with state-of-the-art topologies. The claimed features are verified by implementing a prototype that converts 36 to 250 V.","PeriodicalId":93182,"journal":{"name":"IEEE open journal of power electronics","volume":"6 ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10783039","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142844296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Patrick A. J. Lawton;Feiyang J. Lin;Grant A. Covic
{"title":"A Power Class Interoperable Multi-Coil Inductive Power Transfer System for 10/50 kW EV Charging","authors":"Patrick A. J. Lawton;Feiyang J. Lin;Grant A. Covic","doi":"10.1109/OJPEL.2024.3514519","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJPEL.2024.3514519","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an Inductive Power Transfer (IPT) system for Electric Vehicle (EV) charging with Power Class Interoperability (PCI) between the SAE WPT3 (10 kW) and WPT5 (50 kW) power classes using a multi-coil Bi-Polar Pad (BPP) Vehicle Assembly (VA) magnetic topology. The objective is to provide wireless PCI for electric taxis and fleet vehicles which may require WPT5 charging while on shift and WPT3 off shift charging. The design process of the WPT3/5 BPP VA magnetics is presented. Alternative methods of ferrite core layout and coil overlap to reduce form factor and cross-coupling are investigated. A dual active bridge topology using LCC-LCC tuning demonstrates effective dual-sided control, combining conduction angle, active bridge phase shift, and Selective Coil Energization (SCE) to provide system functionality essential to PCI. Active bridge phase shift is utilized to adjust the relative secondary to primary phase past 90° to enable Zero-Volt Switching (ZVS) in the active bridges when operating at either power class. Experiments demonstrate the proposed WPT3/5 BPP VA charging from an above ground WPT3 UGA, and flush ground mounted WPT5 GA, and show an efficiency increase of 3.6% and 0.7% respectively when the proposed control method is used. The performance of the proposed system is shown to be comparable to other IPT systems at either power class.","PeriodicalId":93182,"journal":{"name":"IEEE open journal of power electronics","volume":"6 ","pages":"10-27"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10787079","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142858761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Resilience Framework for Power Electronic Systems Against Cyber-Physical Attacks: A Review","authors":"Chang Liu;Jin Ye;Gaoliang Fang;Di Wang;Linke Zhou;Ali Emadi","doi":"10.1109/OJPEL.2024.3512452","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJPEL.2024.3512452","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a systematic overview of the resilience framework for power electronics converter-based cyber-physical systems (CPSs), emphasizing end-to-end responses to the emerging challenges posed by cyber-physical attacks. While recent advancements in control and communication have enhanced the functionalities of power electronic converters in applications such as electric vehicles and smart grids, such advancements have also introduced new vulnerabilities, particularly to cyber-physical attacks. The existing literature tends to focus on isolated research areas, and a comprehensive review that encompasses strategies applicable before, during, and after an attack remains lacking. To address this gap, this paper categorizes state-of-the-art research into four key stages of an attack: anticipate and prepare, resist and absorb, detect and evaluate, and recover. Topics reviewed in this paper include converter and cyber-physical attack modeling, converter-based CPS testbeds, system hardening at the cyber and physical layers, attack detection, post-attack evaluation, and recovery strategies. Real-world case studies and practical regulations are also analyzed. Additionally, challenges and opportunities of the resilience framework are discussed. Despite notable advancements in modeling and identifying cyber-physical attacks, considerable efforts are still required to improve attack mitigation strategies and recovery mechanisms.","PeriodicalId":93182,"journal":{"name":"IEEE open journal of power electronics","volume":"6 ","pages":"28-55"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10787071","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142858760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alexander K. Bailey;Wenting Zhang;Seho Kim;Grant A. Covic
{"title":"Anisotropic Characterization of Nanocrystalline Alloys for Inductive Power Transfer","authors":"Alexander K. Bailey;Wenting Zhang;Seho Kim;Grant A. Covic","doi":"10.1109/OJPEL.2024.3510641","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJPEL.2024.3510641","url":null,"abstract":"Nanocrystalline alloys are of interest in inductive power transfer (IPT) due to their higher saturation limits, permeability, and thermal conductivity compared to conventional Mn–Zn ferrites. However, due to the higher electrical conductivity of nanocrystalline alloys, they have significant eddy current losses. This article demonstrates a core loss measurement method that considers the anisotropic behavior of fractured and laminated nanocrystalline ribbons. The proposed method uses a Maxwell coil to generate a uniform magnetic field, while samples of nanocrystalline ribbon are mechanically rotated within the magnetic field. Core loss is then measured using a hybrid calorimetric method that combines steady-state and transient measurements, enabling quick and accurate acquisition. The measured core loss of three different nanocrystalline ribbon samples is compared at \u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$85 ,rm{k}rm{Hz}$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 for IPT applications. Finally, a modified Steinmetz equation dependent on the magnetic flux angle is proposed.","PeriodicalId":93182,"journal":{"name":"IEEE open journal of power electronics","volume":"5 ","pages":"1830-1841"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10772399","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142859245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reliability and Sensitivity Analysis of Meshed DC Shipboard Power Systems Using Stochastic Simulation","authors":"Robin van der Sande;Aditya Shekhar;Pavol Bauer","doi":"10.1109/OJPEL.2024.3508274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJPEL.2024.3508274","url":null,"abstract":"In DC shipboard power systems (DC-SPS), the high penetration of power electronic devices combined with the ship's harsh operating conditions make the system-level reliability a critical design concern. However, the enhanced network structure of a meshed DC grid imposes an intricate relation between component and system functionality, complicating the reliability assessment. This paper proposes a stochastic framework for the reliability assessment of DC-SPSs based on a three-stage Monte Carlo (MC) simulation, including component failure sampling, active fault propagation, and reliability index calculation. The proposed method is first validated for a small-sided DC grid through comparison with an analytical method. Later, the model is applied to estimate the reliability, availability, and repair characteristics of a ring-type DC-SPS for a wind turbine installation vessel. The results quantify the impact of redundancy on the system adequacy, show the spread in the subsystem repair times, and reveal the system availability during both the initialization and steady-state operation. Besides the assessment of the designed grid, the MC method is used to perform sensitivity and Pareto analysis, quantifying the impact of component failure rate changes on the SPS reliability, and identifying the contribution of individual components to the system failure characteristic. Combined, these results guide the focus for future SPS reliability enhancements.","PeriodicalId":93182,"journal":{"name":"IEEE open journal of power electronics","volume":"5 ","pages":"1842-1852"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10770573","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142859246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ygor Pereira Marca;Maurice G. L. Roes;Cornelis G. E. Wijnands;Henk Huisman
{"title":"Impact of Unbalanced Grid Voltages on Capacitor Voltage Ripple and Capacitance Selection in AC/AC MMCs","authors":"Ygor Pereira Marca;Maurice G. L. Roes;Cornelis G. E. Wijnands;Henk Huisman","doi":"10.1109/OJPEL.2024.3504337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJPEL.2024.3504337","url":null,"abstract":"This paper evaluates the submodule capacitor current and voltage ripple of a direct three-phase to single-phase ac/ac MMC under unbalanced grid conditions. The submodule capacitor RMS current and the necessary capacitance to maintain a desired voltage ripple are determined, which can be used to dimension the ac/ac MMC's submodule capacitors. The derived analytical expressions are evaluated under unbalanced grid conditions using three well-established current control techniques. The analysis is validated through simulations and measurements for a phase-to-ground fault.","PeriodicalId":93182,"journal":{"name":"IEEE open journal of power electronics","volume":"5 ","pages":"1819-1829"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10763433","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142777886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Reinforcement-Learning Based Approach for Designing High-Voltage SiC MOSFET Guard Rings","authors":"Tejender Singh Rawat;Chia-Lung Hung;Yi-Kai Hsiao;Wei-Chen Yu;Surya Elangovan;Wei-Ting Lin;Yi-Rong Lin;Kai-Lin Yang;Nien-Yi Jan;Yung-Hui Li;Hao-Chung Kuo","doi":"10.1109/OJPEL.2024.3496865","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJPEL.2024.3496865","url":null,"abstract":"For high-power silicon carbide (SiC) devices, breakdown voltage analysis is an important parameter, especially for guard ring design. This work explores the implementation of machine learning on SiC guard ring parameters such as ion implanted dose and energy. In this work, the reinforcement learning method has been successfully implemented on the 1.7 kV SiC guard ring device TCAD simulated data for the prediction of parameters. Our work has predicted the parameters successfully for the 2.5 kV guard ring design. For training, proximal policy optimization (PPO) and advantage actor-critic (A2C) RL agents were deployed. The network architecture was kept at “auto” with 3 hidden layers of 128 neurons in each layer. Our method is practically feasible and easily implemented as compared to other works, and has been shown in this paper. By using the limited design parameters of the 1.7 kV guard ring device, the trained agent has successfully predicted the design parameters for the 2.5 kV guard ring device, which has been confirmed using TCAD simulations. This work is more accurate, practical, and result-oriented, and we believe that this can significantly minimize the computational cost as compared to the standalone TCAD simulations. Also, this implementation of ML on TCAD data can substantially accelerate the design exploration for the power devices and ultimately lower product-to-market time.","PeriodicalId":93182,"journal":{"name":"IEEE open journal of power electronics","volume":"5 ","pages":"1853-1861"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10752388","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142859247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reducing the DC-Link Voltage Ripple by Optimized Pulse Patterns to Increase the Power Density of Traction Inverters in Electric Vehicles","authors":"Maximilian Hepp;Michael Saur;Mark-M. Bakran","doi":"10.1109/OJPEL.2024.3493169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJPEL.2024.3493169","url":null,"abstract":"The DC-link capacitor represents a critical component in electric vehicle traction inverters, given that it constitutes the largest single volume within a traction inverter. The DC-link capacitance must be selected carefully, to ensure that the voltage ripple remains within defined limits, as this has a direct impact on the design of other components connected to the high voltage bus. Typical approaches attempt to reduce the required DC-link capacitance by increasing the pulse width modulation (PWM) switching frequency. However, this leads to a compromise as higher switching frequencies can cause additional losses, potentially necessitating a larger area for costly silicon carbide (SiC) semiconductors. In this contribution, optimized pulse patterns (OPPs) are proposed as a solution to improve the DC-link voltage ripple, allowing a reduction in capacitor size and a significant decrease in switching frequency compared to the standard Space-Vector PWM. The paper outlines the mathematical methods for simulating and designing the DC-link regarding voltage ripple and current stress. It compares the simulations for Space-Vector PWM and OPPs, leading to the development of two distinct capacitor designs. The theoretical 20% reduction in the volume of the DC-link capacitor is confirmed through experimental validation on a 250 kW machine test bench setup.","PeriodicalId":93182,"journal":{"name":"IEEE open journal of power electronics","volume":"5 ","pages":"1767-1781"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10746599","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142672060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}