IEEE open journal of power electronics最新文献

{"title":"Hybrid Resonant and Non-Resonant Coupled-Inductor-Based Current-Fed DC–DC Converter","authors":"Armin Miremad;Suzan Eren","doi":"10.1109/OJPEL.2025.3561627","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJPEL.2025.3561627","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents a hybrid resonant and non-resonant coupled-inductor-based current-fed DC-DC converter, designed for solar-tile microinverter (MI) applications requiring high voltage gain. In the proposed circuit, a boost half-bridge (BHB) is connected to the PV side, providing higher voltage for the half-bridge stage and reducing the primary conduction losses. Additionally, an active voltage-doubler rectifier is utilized on the secondary-side to achieve a two-fold voltage gain, thereby reducing the required transformer turns ratio and size. The proposed circuit is derived by integrating the input dc inductor of the BHB into a coupled-inductor, introducing an additional resonant path that enhances power transfer capacity without requiring extra active switches. The introduction of the resonant path contributes to narrow the switching-frequency range, reduce the turn-off current and switching losses, and improve the efficiency while increasing the power transfer capability compared to the non-resonant configurations. The design procedure is presented to minimize current stress, extend ZVS range, and reduce reverse input current. The ZVS regions for primary and secondary switches are determined under different load conditions and voltage gains. Two control parameters, phase-shift and switching frequency, emerges due to the active rectifier and the resonant coupled-inductor, providing more flexibility in regulating output power, minimizing back-flow power, and maintaining ZVS across all switches. Experimental results provided from a 100 W prototype, to validate the performance of the proposed converter.","PeriodicalId":93182,"journal":{"name":"IEEE open journal of power electronics","volume":"6 ","pages":"761-779"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10966155","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143892410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High Efficiency High Power Density Bidirectional Non-Isolated LLC Converter With Transformer-Coupled Gate Driver for 48 V MHEV","authors":"Song Ding;Chunyan Nie;Qi Liu;Qinsong Qian;Weifeng Sun","doi":"10.1109/OJPEL.2025.3561221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJPEL.2025.3561221","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, a 12-switch non-isolated LLC (NI-LLC) converter is proposed to address the application requirements of 4:1 bidirectional fixed-ratio voltage conversion in 48 V mild hybrid electric vehicles (MHEVs). Compared with the previous NI-LLC converters, the proposed 12-switch NI-LLC converter has superior efficiency and enables inherent bidirectional operation without requiring energy flow direction detection or additional control schemes for forward and reverse modes. Additionally, to synchronously turn on and off power switches in the proposed converter and to reduce gate drive loss and layout area, a transformer-coupled resonant gate driver is proposed. This driver circuit consumes only 18.7% of the power of conventional gate drive circuits, thereby ensuring high efficiency and power density in the converter. Unlike conventional resonant gate driver, the proposed gate driver not only recovers the charge energy, but also significantly reduces the ON/OFF time of main switches. Finally, the proposed converter and gate driver is verified on a 1.2 MHz/960 W prototype with a power density up to 5.6 kW/inch³. The converter achieves a peak efficiency of 98.5%, and the full load efficiency at forward and reverse operation are 97.1% and 96.7% respectively.","PeriodicalId":93182,"journal":{"name":"IEEE open journal of power electronics","volume":"6 ","pages":"747-760"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10965339","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143892424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revisiting On-State Resistance as TSEP for Discrete SiC MOSFETs: Steps Towards the In-Circuit Approach","authors":"Enrico Panciroli;Alex Musetti;Alessandro Soldati","doi":"10.1109/OJPEL.2025.3560768","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJPEL.2025.3560768","url":null,"abstract":"The knowledge of device junction temperature in real time allows to maximize the power density of power electronics converters, by means of active derating and dynamic overloading. Since junction temperature cannot be measured directly without altering the device, temperature-sensitive electric parameters (TSEPs) are used to indirectly estimate it. The dispersion of the device parameters affecting TSEPs requires their characterization on a per-device basis, thus limiting the adoption in commercial converters. In this paper, the on-state resistance TSEP is applied to silicon-carbide MOSFETs and a novel approach for the extraction of the characteristic curves is presented. Particularly, several methodologies are introduced to avoid putting the converter in a temperature-controlled environment, exploiting self heating and a modification of the cooling system. Moreover, self heating is induced by means of the novel controlled shoot-through (CST) technique, which does not need a load connected to the converter output. The TSEP curves are then characterized by using repetitive sawtooth current pulses on an inductive load, at different device temperatures. A cork cap is proposed to thermally insulate the device under test (DUT), blocking unwanted thermal paths, improving accuracy and minimizing the time needed for the characterization procedure. Finally, various modeling techniques are evaluated to identify the most suitable temperature estimation model, simplifying the calibration by reducing the number of acquired points while maintaining the highest possible accuracy. All these elements make the proposed methodology suitable for end-of-line testing in a production environment, thus enabling the individual characterization of each device of the power converter. The experimental validation of the results is performed against reference laboratory techniques, showing an overall RMS error below <inline-formula><tex-math>$1 ,mathrm{^{circ }C}$</tex-math></inline-formula> when using the most complete estimation model, and less than <inline-formula><tex-math>$2 ,mathrm{^{circ }C}$</tex-math></inline-formula> when employing a simplified reduced-order model.","PeriodicalId":93182,"journal":{"name":"IEEE open journal of power electronics","volume":"6 ","pages":"681-692"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10964525","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143870843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Internal Energy Balancing Control of a Modular Multilevel Converter as Part of a Hybrid Transformer","authors":"Rui Wang;Maurice G. L. Roes;Henk Huisman;Cornelis G.E. Wijnands","doi":"10.1109/OJPEL.2025.3560808","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJPEL.2025.3560808","url":null,"abstract":"Hybrid transformers (HTs) can provide voltage and current compensation in the utility grid. HTs include a line-frequency transformer and a converter rated for partial transformer power. This paper focuses on the internal energy balancing process of a modular multilevel converter (MMC) as part of an HT. The output voltages of the MMC have equal frequency and equal phase angles, but different amplitudes in this application. In this paper it is shown that these two features result in steady-state control errors and variable control loop gains when a conventional MMC internal energy balancing method is applied. In this article, a customized control scheme for the MMC is developed that solves these problems. The theoretical analysis is validated through tests on a scaled-down prototype.","PeriodicalId":93182,"journal":{"name":"IEEE open journal of power electronics","volume":"6 ","pages":"780-789"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10964716","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143896252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adaptive Operation of SS- and LCC- Compensated IPT Systems With High Tolerance to Magnetic Coupling Coefficient Variations","authors":"Fco. Javier López-Alcolea;Emilio J. Molina-Martínez;Alfonso Parreño-Torres;Jaime García-Jiménez;Javier Vázquez;Pedro Roncero-Sánchez","doi":"10.1109/OJPEL.2025.3559436","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJPEL.2025.3559436","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes an adaptive operation of an IPT system that can manage significant variations in the value of the magnetic coupling coefficient <inline-formula><tex-math>$k$</tex-math></inline-formula>. It employs a proportional-integral (PI) and a predictive-integral (Pred-I) controller to regulate the DC bus voltage and the battery current on the vehicle assembly (VA) side, respectively. Furthermore, an expert controller is implemented at a higher hierarchical level to monitor the behavior of both control loops and to determine when it is necessary to adapt the IPT system operation. The control tasks are managed solely by the EV, and the charger placed on the parking side operates with no control loop applied. Consequently, the need for real-time data exchange for control purposes between both sides of the magnetic coupling is avoided, and the operation and implementation of the ground assembly (GA) side are simplified. The experimental validation of the proposed operation was conducted on a 3-kW prototype featuring three different air gaps, which is capable of operating either with both a Series-Series (SS) or an LCC compensation network. As a result, the proper operation and adaptation of the system was assessed considering a variation of more than 100% between the lower an higher values of <inline-formula><tex-math>$k$</tex-math></inline-formula>.","PeriodicalId":93182,"journal":{"name":"IEEE open journal of power electronics","volume":"6 ","pages":"693-711"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10960307","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143871122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Introduction of a Self-Stabilizing Decentralized Energy Management System for Undersupplied EV Charging Parks","authors":"Raffael Schwanninger;Juliane Friedrich;Kilian Drexler;Melanie Lavery;Martin Maerz","doi":"10.1109/OJPEL.2025.3558505","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJPEL.2025.3558505","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, a decentralized self-stabilizing Energy Management System for undersupplied EV charging parks is presented. This undersupply is due to the maximum power demand from all charging stations connected to a common DC grid being larger than the maximum infeed power from AC mains. The EMS allows easy addition of additional participants such as chargers, or storage systems, into the common DC grid. To assure grid stability, this decentralization necessitates adjustments to the control structure of connected power converters. To show the self-stabilizing effect, a simulation model based on real-world charging park data evaluates the EMS under varying levels of undersupply and storage capacity. The findings are further verified by implementation of the EMS into actual power converters and their stability assessment through impedance measurement.","PeriodicalId":93182,"journal":{"name":"IEEE open journal of power electronics","volume":"6 ","pages":"660-680"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10955147","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143848812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A High–Gain and Cost–Effective Three–Port DC-DC Converter With Reduced Semiconductor Stress and Higher Power Density","authors":"Sina Ahmadian;Farshid Yousefi Moghadam;Vahid Abbasi;Siroos Jalilyan;Saman A. Gorji","doi":"10.1109/OJPEL.2025.3557354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJPEL.2025.3557354","url":null,"abstract":"This article introduces a non-isolated three-port converter with a high voltage gain. The proposed converter employs a boosting technique that combines a switched capacitor and a coupling inductor, integrating both input ports into a single inductor. This not only enhances integration but also significantly increases power density. A remarkable advantage of this converter is the noticeable reduced voltage stress on switches and diodes, outperforming existing converters in adopting improved power density. Moreover, its low cost-per-watt ratio positions it as an economical solution for high-power density and low-power applications within standalone renewable energy systems. The effectiveness of this design is realised by the construction and successful validation of a 200-watt prototype, demonstrating stable output across load variations through practical experimentation.","PeriodicalId":93182,"journal":{"name":"IEEE open journal of power electronics","volume":"6 ","pages":"583-596"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10948165","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143839957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A SP-SECE None-Residual Charge PEH Interface Circuit With an Optimized Phase Delay","authors":"Saman Shoorabi Sani","doi":"10.1109/OJPEL.2025.3557028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJPEL.2025.3557028","url":null,"abstract":"<italic>Self-Powered Synchronous Electric Charge Extraction</i> (<italic>SP-SECE</i>) suffers from the inherent phase inconsistency between the switching instant, which manipulates the voltage, and the moment of zero-crossing of the piezoelectric current. This degrades its energy extraction efficiency of it. This paper proposes a novel <italic>SP-SECE</i> circuit to improve the <italic>Phase Delay</i> (<italic>PD</i>) introduced by <italic>Voltage Retreatment</i> (<italic>VR</i>) and <italic>Residual Charge</i> (<italic>RC</i>) left on the <italic>Piezoelectric Energy Harvester</i> (<italic>PEH</i>) capacitor after completion of <italic>SECE</i> execution. To address the <italic>VR</i> effect, the circuit employs a new reference branch, which can improve the timing of the <italic>SECE</i> action. The <italic>RC</i> issue is mitigated using a low-power sub-circuit, which removes the remaining charge on the <italic>PEH</i> capacitor after each energy extraction. Post-layout simulations of the proposed circuit in a standard 180-nm <italic>CMOS</i> technology verify that the losses linked to <italic>PD</i> introduced by <italic>VR</i> and <italic>RC</i> phenomena are significantly reduced, increasing the net output power. Moreover, the proposed circuit achieves an extraction efficiency of 82% and a <italic>FOM_MOPIR</i> of 300% at a peak voltage of 3.3 V.","PeriodicalId":93182,"journal":{"name":"IEEE open journal of power electronics","volume":"6 ","pages":"712-733"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10947531","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143879492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Method for Detection and Limitation of Short-Circuit Currents for Semiconductor Circuit Breakers in LVDC Grids Using a Pre-Saturated Inductor","authors":"Johannes Gehring;Raffael Schwanninger;Alexander Nowak;Bernd Wunder;Vincent Lorentz;Martin März","doi":"10.1109/OJPEL.2025.3555797","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJPEL.2025.3555797","url":null,"abstract":"This paper introduces an innovative non-destructive device designed to detect and limit short-circuit currents in LVDC grids. The proposed solution utilizes a transformer fully saturated by a permanent magnet during normal operation. When a short-circuit condition occurs, the transformer desaturates, reducing the rise in current and triggering the detection and protection mechanism. The structure and functionality of the device, along with the design criteria, are discussed. Additionally, optimization measures are presented, examined, and validated. Experimental results from the advanced device prototype demonstrate its effectiveness in detecting and limiting overcurrents. The device features a stable tripping threshold and can safely and reliably interrupt even low time constant capacitive short-circuits. This hardware-based detection solution is ideally suited for installation in a semiconductor circuit breaker.","PeriodicalId":93182,"journal":{"name":"IEEE open journal of power electronics","volume":"6 ","pages":"524-536"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10945435","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143821617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dropout Kolmogorov–Arnold Networks: A Novel Data-Driven Impedance Modeling Approach for Voltage-Source Converters","authors":"Moetasem Ali;Yasser Abdel-Rady I. Mohamed","doi":"10.1109/OJPEL.2025.3556430","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJPEL.2025.3556430","url":null,"abstract":"The extensive integration of voltage-source converters (VSCs) as interfaces for renewable energy sources in power systems increases stability concerns and demands accurate VSC impedance models to characterize grid-converter interactions at various operating points. However, analytical impedance models require detailed knowledge of the VSC parameters, which are frequently inaccessible due to manufacturer confidentiality. Further, existing neural network data-driven VSC impedance identification methods adopt conventional multi-layer perceptrons, yielding complex models and demanding abundant high-quality data. This paper presents a data-driven VSC impedance identification method using Dropout Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks (DropKANs) to address these challenges effectively. The hyperparameters of the proposed DropKAN model are optimized using Optuna, outperforming the Scikit-learn, Hyperopt, and GPyOpt optimizers, and the training is optimized using the Adam optimizer and compared with Nadam and RMSprop. Comprehensive and comparative evaluation tests showed 1) the superiority of the proposed DropKAN model over the feedforward neural network, long short-term memory, and KAN models in terms of accuracy, training and prediction times, and neural network structure simplicity, even with a 50% reduction in the training data size, and 2) the versatility and robustness of the proposed DropKAN model when applied to a different VSC system.","PeriodicalId":93182,"journal":{"name":"IEEE open journal of power electronics","volume":"6 ","pages":"562-582"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10946167","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143835470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}