IEEE open journal of power electronics最新文献

{"title":"The Design and Analysis of a Family of Capacitively-Isolated Hybrid Switched-Capacitor Converters","authors":"Jade Sund;Samantha Coday","doi":"10.1109/OJPEL.2026.3664036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJPEL.2026.3664036","url":null,"abstract":"Series-input, parallel-output converters can achieve extreme conversion ratios with high efficiency by utilizing a stacked architecture that relies on isolated converters. Typically, these isolated converters are magnetics-based modules. However, capacitive-based isolation is an emerging alternative to magnetics-based isolation particularly for volume- and weight-constrained applications as it provides reduced passive volume and eliminates the need for a ferrite core. Hybrid switched-capacitor converters are competitive with magnetics-based topologies as they achieve high energy density and reduced switch stresses. However, few capacitively isolated variants of hybrid switched-capacitor converters have been shown. This work presents a general framework for deriving capacitively isolated hybrid switched-capacitor converters from their non-isolated counterparts. Analysis and operation for three novel inductor-at-the-output topologies derived via this framework are presented. Through this framework, the derived topologies are compared to existing capacitively isolated hybrid switched-capacitor converters. Finally, experimental validation is provided for two of the presented topologies individually and in a 12:1 series-input, parallel-output converter, validating operation principles and analysis.","PeriodicalId":93182,"journal":{"name":"IEEE open journal of power electronics","volume":"7 ","pages":"988-1005"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11394780","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147557554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) for Photovoltaic Inverter","authors":"Buck F. Brown;Liwei Wang;Peter Hacke;Shuangshuang Jin;Zheyu Zhang","doi":"10.1109/OJPEL.2026.3685859","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJPEL.2026.3685859","url":null,"abstract":"Photovoltaic (PV) inverters are critical yet vulnerable components in modern energy systems, often acting as reliability bottlenecks that increase the levelized cost of energy (LCOE). To address this, this paper presents a comprehensive Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) tailored for PV inverters. Leveraging field data and literature, we identify failure-prone components, such as capacitors,, and relays, and prioritize their risks based on quantitative Risk Priority Numbers (RPNs). The analysis reveals that surge-induced MOV short circuits, capacitor degradation, and environmental cooling fan failures dominate the risk profile. These findings provide a targeted framework for reliability improvement, guiding future efforts in predictive diagnostics, design optimization, and accelerated life testing strategies.","PeriodicalId":93182,"journal":{"name":"IEEE open journal of power electronics","volume":"7 ","pages":"1532-1539"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11488577","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147937525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization Design of Load-Independent Class-E$^{2}$ DC-DC Converter With Performance Visualization","authors":"Tatsuki Osato;Xiuqin Wei;Hiroo Sekiya","doi":"10.1109/OJPEL.2026.3689940","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJPEL.2026.3689940","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes an analysis and design method for the load-independent class-E<inline-formula><tex-math>$^{2}$</tex-math></inline-formula> DC-DC converter, which is composed of the load-independent class-E inverter and the load-independent class-E synchronous rectifier.By combining the newly derived analytical equations for the load-independent class-E synchronous rectifier with the analytical equation for the load-independent class-E inverter, the detailed circuit characteristics of the load-independent class-E<inline-formula><tex-math>$^{2}$</tex-math></inline-formula> DC-DC converter are analyzed. From the analysis equations, the power output capability, which is the ratio of the power dissipated in the switching devices to the output power, is derived to visualize the circuit characteristics. The parameter space of the visualized data reveals the points where the power output capability is maximized concerning the input and output inductors, enabling the selection of low-cost switching devices. The quantitative agreement with experimental results confirms the validity of the analysis.","PeriodicalId":93182,"journal":{"name":"IEEE open journal of power electronics","volume":"7 ","pages":"1554-1564"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11505030","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147937612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Solid-State Circuit Breakers for DC-Powered Buildings: An Overview of Standards, Directives, and Technologies","authors":"Henrique Bizzi Morari;Lucas Vizzotto Bellinaso;Edivan Laercio Carvalho;Satish Naik Banavath;Giovanni De Carne;Dmitri Vinnikov","doi":"10.1109/OJPEL.2026.3687987","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJPEL.2026.3687987","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a review of low-voltage direct current (LVDC) solid-state circuit breakers (SSCBs) for building power systems, focusing on relevant standards, safety directives, and design requirements for DC protection. A structured classification scheme is proposed for LVDC SSCBs based on key design criteria including the number of poles, bidirectional current capability, isolation method, semiconductor technology, and circuit topology. This paper also proposes a categorization of SSCB protective functions into elementary safety functions (short-circuit interruption, overcurrent and overload protection, and selective coordination) and additional advanced functions (arc-fault detection, insulation monitoring, and earth-fault protection), distinguishing fundamental requirements from enhanced safety features. Furthermore, a risk assessment framework grounded in ISO 12100 principles is introduced and tailored to LVDC installations employing SSCBs. This framework systematically identifies potential hazards and SSCB failure modes, guiding risk mitigation measures and the development of test procedures to ensure compliance with safety standards. Collectively, these contributions provide clear guidelines to support the safe integration, standardization, and future development of SSCBs in emerging DC power distribution networks.","PeriodicalId":93182,"journal":{"name":"IEEE open journal of power electronics","volume":"7 ","pages":"1493-1516"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11495086","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147937635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Hierarchical Diagnosis Method for IGBT Open-Circuit Faults in MMCs Based on Arm Capacitor Voltage Span","authors":"Feineng Wang;Tianzhen Wang;Haoran Wang;Yue Yu;Demba Diallo;Xuefang Lin-Shi","doi":"10.1109/OJPEL.2026.3691592","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJPEL.2026.3691592","url":null,"abstract":"The modular multilevel converter (MMC) is a critical component in modern medium- and high-voltage systems, whose reliability is severely compromised by open-circuit faults (OCFs) in insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs). Consequently, accurate real-time fault diagnosis is essential to ensure safe and reliable operation. However, diagnostic accuracy is often compromised by the variability of fault characteristics under different operating conditions. Therefore, a hierarchical diagnosis method based on the arm capacitor voltage span (ACVS) is proposed. First, the adjacent-cycle ACVS values are analyzed to construct an adaptive threshold. A three-level localization scheme is then implemented: the faulty arm is detected via abnormal ACVS deviation; the faulty submodule (SM) is located by analyzing the voltage differences between adjacent SMs after sorting; and the faulty IGBT is identified based on the switching state of the faulty SM. As only a small number of voltage data are processed, the online computational burden is reduced. The proposed method is validated through both simulation and experiment under different operating conditions. The faults are located in less than 20 ms, and an overall accuracy of 0.99 is achieved in the tested scenarios. The results show that fault diagnosis can still be achieved under arm inductance mismatch and load transients.","PeriodicalId":93182,"journal":{"name":"IEEE open journal of power electronics","volume":"7 ","pages":"1619-1634"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11512987","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148003386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimal Technical-Economic Design of a DC Microgrid for Electroplating Industry","authors":"Stefano Lilla;Andrea Alessia Tavagnutti;Daniele Bosich;Fabio Napolitano;Andrea Prevedi;Fabio Tossani;Giorgio Sulligoi;Carlo Alberto Nucci","doi":"10.1109/OJPEL.2026.3689194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJPEL.2026.3689194","url":null,"abstract":"The paper proposes the implementation of a controlled DC microgrid to supply DC loads in a plating industry. The plating loads, typically from chromium-based surface coating processes, are characterized by low voltage (10–20 V) and high currents (5–10 kA). To adopt renewable sources, the supplying 600 V-DC microgrid is powered by a photovoltaic (PV) system and a Battery Energy Storage (BES) system. Main aim of the work is to develop a smart strategy to reduce energy consumption, while lowering electricity costs, and minimizing the current ripple affecting the loads. Since PV systems cannot provide a continuous power supply, the system also includes an interface with the external AC grid by a bidirectional DC/AC converter. This hybrid converter allows to feed back the PV energy excess to the grid, still ensuring electricity supply when needed. The paper wants to provide a technical-economic overview, from the sizing of PV and BES systems to the voltage control system, including an Energy Management System (EMS). In particular, the study is aimed at determining the optimal PV system size and BES capacity size to maximize the Net Present Value (NPV) of investments-originated savings. Industrial electricity load profiles, PV generation data derived from 18 years of average hourly irradiation, and three years of electricity price profiles are adopted as optimization inputs. Particularly, the BES power is optimized over a one-year period to minimize grid energy exchange, with annual cost curves to maximize the NPV. Finally, with the same MILP approach as sizing, an EMS with real-time control is proposed in the optimization of microgrid devices, while the DC voltage control system is discussed in detail with tests performed on a Hardware In the Loop (HIL) platform in some scenarios among equilibrium conditions. The paper aims to make a contribution to the development of energy management strategies for reducing procurement costs in industries that make extensive use of DC current, suggesting the entire process, from the optimal calculation of the sizing of the components, to the daily management of the microgrid with optimized scheduling of the EMS, including the control system.","PeriodicalId":93182,"journal":{"name":"IEEE open journal of power electronics","volume":"7 ","pages":"1606-1618"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11501727","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148003507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plug-and-Play Architecture for Non-Identical Dual-Parallel PMSMs: A Hybrid Learning Control Approach","authors":"Tianyi Liu;Ziyao Wang;Rongfu Lin;Ziqi Jia;Haichen Li;Xiaoyan Ma","doi":"10.1109/OJPEL.2026.3691036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJPEL.2026.3691036","url":null,"abstract":"The mono-inverter dual-parallel permanent magnet synchronous motor (MIDP) drive system is a cost-effective solution for compact multi-motor applications, but existing control schemes suffer from strict constraints of identical motor parameters and precise prior parameter knowledge, limiting their practical implementation. To address this challenge, a novel plug-and-play control architecture integrated with hybrid learning and adaptive control is proposed for non-identical MIDP systems in this paper. First, a strict theoretical proof based on the Unknown Input Observer (UIO) error dynamic model is presented, verifying that the reconstructed signals of the supplementary motor are independent of its inductance and flux linkage under steady-state conditions, which decouples signal reconstruction and parameter identification. On this basis, a two-stage hybrid parameter learning mechanism is designed to circumvent the rank–deficiency problem such that the stator resistance is identified at standstill, and the inductance and rotor flux linkage are estimated online by the Recursive Least Squares (RLS) with a forgetting factor. Furthermore, the non-master-slave control strategy is extended with a newly derived stability criterion to accommodate non-identical motors. Comprehensive experiments covering start-up, sudden speed fluctuations, and extreme unbalanced load torques are conducted on a hardware platform with two non-identical PMSMs. Experimental results show that the proposed architecture enables plug-and-play operation of the supplementary motor without prior parameter knowledge, significantly improving the flexibility and practicality of the MIDP drive system.","PeriodicalId":93182,"journal":{"name":"IEEE open journal of power electronics","volume":"7 ","pages":"1779-1794"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11511363","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148236333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrections to “Analytical Design and Decision Tree-Based Excitation Strategies for Low-Profile IPT Systems Insensitive to Angular Misalignment”","authors":"Huiwen Xiao;Ka Wai Eric Cheng;Siqi Bu","doi":"10.1109/OJPEL.2026.3692264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJPEL.2026.3692264","url":null,"abstract":"Presents corrections to the paper, Analytical Design and Decision Tree-Based Excitation Strategies for Low-Profile IPT Systems Insensitive to Angular Misalignment.","PeriodicalId":93182,"journal":{"name":"IEEE open journal of power electronics","volume":"7 ","pages":"1688-1688"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11535632","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148171466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carrier-Based PWM Strategy of Three-Level Neutral-Point-Clamped Inverter With Optimal Extension Mode","authors":"Guozheng Zhang;Yufei Liu;Xin Gu;Wenhao Huang;Wei Chen","doi":"10.1109/OJPEL.2026.3695632","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJPEL.2026.3695632","url":null,"abstract":"Neutral point voltage ripple is the main technical drawback of the three-level neutral-point-clamped (3L-NPC) inverters. Conventional hybrid PWM strategies, which combine zero sequence voltage injection PWM (ZVI-PWM) with double modulation wave PWM (DMW-PWM), can be used to suppress neutral point voltage ripple for all operation conditions. However, the switching frequency of the inverter will be significantly increased in the condition of high modulation index and low power factor. To solve the above issue, a hybrid carrier-based PWM strategy with optimal extension mode is proposed in this paper. Different from conventional hybrid PWM strategies, ZVI-PWM is extended to the neutral point voltage uncontrollable intervals. The optimal extension mode and the optimal width ratio of the extended intervals are obtained to minimize the amplitude of the neutral point voltage ripple. The coordinated control of the switching frequency and the neutral point voltage ripple is realized. The feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed modulation strategy are validated by experimental results.","PeriodicalId":93182,"journal":{"name":"IEEE open journal of power electronics","volume":"7 ","pages":"1738-1752"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11533419","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148171598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transformer-Integrated Series-Series (TISS) Resonant Tank for EV Wireless Charging application: Analysis and Comparative Study Against SS and LCC Topologies","authors":"Itziar Alzuguren;Ander Avila;Manex Gondat;Asier Garcia-Bediaga;Víctor M. López-Martin","doi":"10.1109/OJPEL.2026.3710562","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJPEL.2026.3710562","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a novel Transformer-Integrated Series-Series (TISS) topology for Electric Vehicle (EV) wireless charging applications, and compares it with two other resonant compensation topologies widely used in this application: the Series-Series (SS) and the double-sided LCC resonant tanks. The analysis is carried out under the recommendations defined by the SAE J2954 standard for WPT2Z2 chargers. While the SS topology offers simplicity and nearly sinusoidal current waveforms, it becomes impractical at high power levels and low coupling factors because the low inductance values recommended by the standard for the coils lead to excessively high circulating currents. The LCC topology provides improved performance across wide coupling ranges but requires more components, a more complex design, and suffers from pronounced third-harmonic content. To address these limitations, this work introduces the TISS topology, which retains the simplicity of the SS while significantly reducing the primary-side current through voltage balancing. A unified analytical derivation of the input impedance for all three topologies is provided, enabling a consistent comparison of their frequency responses. Experimental validation confirms that the TISS achieves a balanced current distribution, reduced conduction losses, and efficiencies close to those of the LCC topology. Overall, the study demonstrates that the proposed topology constitutes a strong candidate for EV wireless chargers operating in the 5–10 kW range and subject to wide coupling variability.","PeriodicalId":93182,"journal":{"name":"IEEE open journal of power electronics","volume":"7 ","pages":"2036-2050"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11595733","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148626047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}