IEEE open journal of power electronics最新文献

{"title":"A General Accurate Current Limiting Strategy of Grid-Forming Converters Based on Adaptive Virtual Impedance Regulated by Fuzzy Control","authors":"Xinyu Liu;Qi Jia;Jia Liu;Jinjun Liu","doi":"10.1109/OJPEL.2025.3649856","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJPEL.2025.3649856","url":null,"abstract":"Grid-forming (GFM) converters are considered as a key solution for new power system with high penetration of renewable energy resources, owing to its voltage and frequency support ability. However, most of existing current limiting strategies of GFM converters are effective only in several predefined scenarios, and as a major solution, virtual-impedance-based methods fail to precisely restrict the current to a predefined value. Therefore, a general accurate current limiting strategy that functions in both islanded and grid-connected modes for various fault conditions is highly expected. In this paper, a current limiting strategy based on adaptive virtual impedance regulated by fuzzy control is proposed. This method shows excellent current limiting ability for various symmetrical and asymmetrical fault conditions in grid-connected and in islanded modes with the same predesigned parameters. Moreover, the proposed method accurately restricts the output current to the desired limit. The design of fuzzy controllers takes into account the feasible region of virtual impedance determined by small- and large-signal stability, thus ensures stable current limiting of the GFM converter. Finally, a series of experiments considering various fault scenarios are conducted to validate the universality and accuracy of the proposed current limiting strategy.","PeriodicalId":93182,"journal":{"name":"IEEE open journal of power electronics","volume":"7 ","pages":"281-294"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11320449","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148483617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hybrid Dual-Winding Active Magnetic Energy Harvester to Supply a Constant Power Load Under Varying Primary Current Magnitudes","authors":"Asaf Levhar;Lohith Kumar Pittala;Georgios I. Orfanoudakis;Riccardo Mandrioli;Mor M. Peretz;Alon Kuperman","doi":"10.1109/OJPEL.2026.3663739","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJPEL.2026.3663739","url":null,"abstract":"The paper proposes a novel dual-winding active magnetic energy harvester (D-AMEH), clamped around single power line conductor carrying AC currents with time-varying magnitude while supplying a constant power DC load via an uncontrolled rectifier (e.g., 24/7 aerial marker ball lighting). To allow continuous power flow to the load despite intermittent nature of power line current magnitude, an energy storage unit (rechargeable battery) is integrated into the system via an additional secondary winding, creating an AC-coupled, isolated hybrid energy system with completely decoupled battery and load voltages. The D-AMEH simultaneously harvests the maximum power from the current-carrying conductor and feeds the load with constant power, letting the battery to seamlessly match the difference between harvested and consumed power. Analytical expressions for system currents and voltages are developed, followed by conversion losses estimation. The revealed findings are accurately supported by experiments, demonstrating close matching with corresponding analytical predictions.","PeriodicalId":93182,"journal":{"name":"IEEE open journal of power electronics","volume":"7 ","pages":"631-641"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11393526","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148484749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-Objective Pulse Pattern Optimization for Synchronous Machine Drives Considering Different Symmetry Properties","authors":"Simon Aleff;Yasuhiro Nakai;Thomas Lux;Oliver Wallscheid","doi":"10.1109/OJPEL.2026.3707411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJPEL.2026.3707411","url":null,"abstract":"This research investigates the effects of optimized pulse patterns (OPPs) on the switching losses of two-level voltage-source inverters (VSIs) and current total harmonic distortion (THD) of permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSMs) with magnetic anisotropy, considering different symmetry properties. Based on a mathematical model of the VSI and PMSM, a multi-objective optimization framework is derived that balances these two competing goals. By extending the common analytical formulations of the optimization problem for current THD, it considers the influence of switching pulse positions on switching losses during design. All possible waveform symmetry properties, such as quarter-wave symmetry (QWS), restricted half-wave symmetry (HWS), and non-restricted HWS, are compared. The resulting Pareto curve in the two-dimensional solution space provides OPPs with low current THD, low switching losses, or a compromise between the two. An experimental evaluation is conducted, indicating for the most part a good agreement between the predicted and measurement-based Pareto curves. Furthermore, this study conducts an extensive parameter analysis, varying the operational conditions in terms of pulse number, modulation index, power factor, anisotropic factor, and voltage phase angle. Significant differences are observed between non-restricted HWS and QWS, as either lower switching losses at the same current THD or vice versa can be achieved. In contrast, only minor differences exist between non-restricted and restricted HWS. This study proposes utilizing non-restricted HWS for future OPP designs, as it achieves reductions under all varying operating conditions.","PeriodicalId":93182,"journal":{"name":"IEEE open journal of power electronics","volume":"7 ","pages":"1980-1991"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11578331","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148486180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variable Switching Frequency Control Strategies for the SAB","authors":"Alexis A. Gómez;Alberto Rodríguez;Aitor Vázquez;Javier Sebastián","doi":"10.1109/OJPEL.2026.3674744","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJPEL.2026.3674744","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explores control strategies based on variable switching frequency for the Single Active Bridge converter to expand its soft-switching capabilities without additional components. While the conduction mode and the soft-switching features of this converter can be maintained across the entire operational range using variable switching frequency with a constant duty cycle, this work demonstrates that the use of both as control variables provides additional degrees of freedom to optimize performance. Specifically, two control trajectory selection criteria are proposed: one focused on minimizing the switching frequency range while reducing rms currents, and another aimed at maintaining constant recirculating current to ensure adequate ZVS across all operating points. Additionally, comprehensive design guidelines that integrate both control variables are provided. The proposed strategies and design methodologies are validated through a comparative experimental analysis of four 800 V to 400 V, 2.2 kW prototypes, each designed for the same specifications and utilizing a different control strategy.","PeriodicalId":93182,"journal":{"name":"IEEE open journal of power electronics","volume":"7 ","pages":"1048-1058"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11440108","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148483564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multirate Cascaded Discrete-Time Sliding Mode Control With Dual-Loop Disturbance Estimation for Energy Storage Interfaces in DC Microgrids","authors":"Lejla AhmethodŽIĆ;Senad HuseinbegoviĆ","doi":"10.1109/OJPEL.2026.3736303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJPEL.2026.3736303","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a robust discrete-time sliding mode controller (DT–SMC) for a bidirectional DC/DC converter that is used as an energy storage interface in DC microgrids. The proposed controller is implemented in a hierarchical cascaded control structure comprising an inner current loop and an outer voltage loop, together with a current-reference limiter and duty-cycle saturation. Both loops adopt DT–SMC to achieve fast sampled-data tracking under nominal non-saturated operation. A multirate framework is implemented to balance dynamic performance, control accuracy, and computational complexity. To improve disturbance rejection, disturbance estimators (DEs) based on the sliding variable are incorporated in both loops and equipped with an anti-windup compensation to suppress error accumulation. The controller requires only the converter current and terminal voltages, facilitating practical digital implementation with fixed-frequency pulse-width modulation (PWM). Simulation results compare the proposed method with benchmark cascaded DT–PI and STA–SMC controllers, while experimental tests on a laboratory prototype confirm its practical feasibility. The presented results indicate chattering mitigation through reduced duty-cycle variation, accurate reference tracking, fast transient response, and disturbance rejection under the tested operating conditions.","PeriodicalId":93182,"journal":{"name":"IEEE open journal of power electronics","volume":"7 ","pages":"2776-2790"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11701520","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149133902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Fast-Transient Digital LDO With Asynchronous Coarse and Dual-Mode Fine Regulation Loops","authors":"Ibrar Ali Wahla;Jongwoon Lee;Young-Ryul Yun;Muhammad Abrar Akram;In-Chul Hwang","doi":"10.1109/OJPEL.2025.3647801","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJPEL.2025.3647801","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a fully-integrated all-digital low-dropout regulator (DLDO) for efficient fine-grained power delivery and management in system-on-chip (SoC) devices. The proposed DLDO is designed to drive both digital and analog load circuits, addressing their distinct requirements. An asynchronous coarse control ensures a fast load transient response to meet the dynamic demands of digital loads. In parallel, a fine-loop voltage stabilizer, equipped with dual-mode operation, enables ripple-free and precise voltage regulation essential for noise-sensitive analog loads. The dual-mode operation employs binary-shifting to quickly reach the target output voltage (<inline-formula><tex-math>${mathit{V}}_{mathit{OUT}}$</tex-math></inline-formula>), followed by unary-shifting for fine-tuned <inline-formula><tex-math>${mathit{V}}_{mathit{OUT}}$</tex-math></inline-formula> adjustment, thereby minimizing the output voltage ripples (<inline-formula><tex-math>${mathit{V}}_{mathit{RIPP}}$</tex-math></inline-formula>). Fabricated in a 65-nm CMOS process with an active area of 0.098 mm<inline-formula><tex-math>$^{2}$</tex-math></inline-formula>, the proposed DLDO operates with an input voltage (<inline-formula><tex-math>${mathit{V}}_{mathit{DD}}$</tex-math></inline-formula>) range of 0.6 V to 1.2 V and delivers a <inline-formula><tex-math>${mathit{V}}_{mathit{OUT}}$</tex-math></inline-formula> of 0.55 V to 1.15 V. Worst-case measurement results demonstrate the recovery time of <inline-formula><tex-math>$leq$</tex-math></inline-formula> 30 ns for a 109 mV voltage droop when a (0 mA <inline-formula><tex-math>$rightarrow$</tex-math></inline-formula> 25 mA) load current (<inline-formula><tex-math>${mathit{I}}_{mathit{LOAD}}$</tex-math></inline-formula>) is changed with an edge timing of 10 ns, achieving an overall figure-of-merit of 1.106 ns<inline-formula><tex-math>$^{2}$</tex-math></inline-formula>. The proposed DLDO achieves the worst-case <inline-formula><tex-math>${mathit{V}}_{mathit{RIPP}}$</tex-math></inline-formula> of <inline-formula><tex-math>$leq$</tex-math></inline-formula> 2 mV while driving a minimum <inline-formula><tex-math>${mathit{I}}_{mathit{LOAD}}$</tex-math></inline-formula> of 0.5 mA.","PeriodicalId":93182,"journal":{"name":"IEEE open journal of power electronics","volume":"7 ","pages":"330-341"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11321315","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146026360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extraction of Inertia and Damping Parameters in Inverter-Based Sources via Controlled Frequency Ramp Disturbances","authors":"ZHAOHAN ZHU;KENICHIRO SANO","doi":"10.1109/OJPEL.2026.3721098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJPEL.2026.3721098","url":null,"abstract":"To evaluate the inertia of inverter-based renewable energy sources, this paper proposes a practical method for identifying two key parameters of a black-box single generator: the inertia constant <inline-formula><tex-math>$2H$</tex-math></inline-formula> and the damping coefficient <inline-formula><tex-math>$D$</tex-math></inline-formula>. The method connects a variable-frequency voltage source to the black-box generation unit, injects a linear frequency disturbance, and measures the resulting active power response. Linear fitting is then applied to the active power waveform to extract its slope and intercept. Based on these quantities, <inline-formula><tex-math>$2H$</tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><tex-math>$D$</tex-math></inline-formula> are solved jointly, enabling fast and straightforward parameter identification. Additionally, theoretical analysis reveals an inherent estimation error in <inline-formula><tex-math>$2H$</tex-math></inline-formula>, which increases with the damping coefficient. To mitigate this error, a compensation method is proposed. After compensation, the estimation error remains below 1% under various conditions. The proposed method enables a high-accuracy inertia assessment using a simple laboratory-level setup.","PeriodicalId":93182,"journal":{"name":"IEEE open journal of power electronics","volume":"7 ","pages":"2352-2363"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11643828","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148781325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive Analysis of 1st Harmonic Approximation for Multiple Active Bridge Converters","authors":"Federico Ibanez;Fernando Martin;Ainhoa Galarza","doi":"10.1109/OJPEL.2026.3726979","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJPEL.2026.3726979","url":null,"abstract":"Multiple Active Bridge (MAB) converters are gaining popularity due to the rise of multi-source and multi-load systems, such as those found in ships, aircraft, and hybrid energy storage systems, as well as recent advancements in multi-source Electric Vehicle (EV) chargers. Numerous researchers have explored different control techniques to enable independent power flow across each port and ensure fast dynamics. However, many of these methods assume that power flows at the switching frequency, often omitting a detailed analysis of this assumption. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the First Harmonic Approximation (FHA), evaluating its validity, operational limits, and inherent errors. Specifically, the study examines the FHA of power and currents through the MAB transformer to define its applicable operating range. The analysis begins with an ideal case before relaxing the assumptions to account for real-world conditions. The study is validated through simulations of a four-port MAB converter and experimental testing of a three-port MAB converter using two different modulation techniques: phase-shift modulation and dq-frame control.","PeriodicalId":93182,"journal":{"name":"IEEE open journal of power electronics","volume":"7 ","pages":"2641-2654"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11664367","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149033883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advanced Sliding Mode Speed Control Technique for 18-Pulse Rectifier-Fed Three-Level NPC Inverter-Based Induction Motor Drives","authors":"Durjoy Das;Nazmul Islam Nahin;Shuvra Prokash Biswas;Md. Rabiul Islam;Rakibuzzaman Shah","doi":"10.1109/OJPEL.2026.3741852","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJPEL.2026.3741852","url":null,"abstract":"Conventional proportional-integral (PI) based field-oriented control (FOC) suffers from slower dynamic response, higher torque ripple, and reduced robustness against load disturbances. This paper proposes a modified sliding mode control (SMC) technique for the outer speed loop of an 18-pulse rectifier-fed three-level neutral-point-clamped (3L-NPC) inverter-based induction motor drive (IMD). The 18-pulse rectifier and 3L-NPC inverter are used as an experimental platform, while the proposed contribution focuses exclusively on the speed controller. A Lyapunov-based stability analysis establishes finite-time reaching of a hysteresis boundary layer and bounded quasi-sliding-mode behavior thereafter, and, under a reduced outer-loop approximation and a discrete-time quasi-static filter condition, uniform ultimate boundedness of the outer speed-loop error. Simulation and experimental investigations demonstrate faster speed tracking, improved disturbance rejection, lower torque ripple, and enhanced current quality compared with conventional PI and classical SMC controllers. A reduced-scale experimental setup with a 5kW induction motor (IM) is used to validate the simulation results. Experimental results show that the proposed controller reduces stator current THD to 4.19%, compared with 12.71% for the PI controller and 7.12% for the conventional SMC, while also providing improved neutral-point voltage balance and smoother steady-state waveforms. A comprehensive benchmark comparison with recent advanced SMC methods further confirms that the proposed controller achieves the most balanced overall performance in terms of transient response, robustness, tracking accuracy, and harmonic suppression.","PeriodicalId":93182,"journal":{"name":"IEEE open journal of power electronics","volume":"7 ","pages":"2908-2934"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11727619","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149249478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Reconfigurable Modular Topology for PV Converter to Improve Overcurrent Capacity and Flexibility","authors":"Jianyue Di;Jia Liu;Canyu Li;Huaiyuan Ma;Jiahao Zhen;Yunzhuo Wei;Xing Zhang;Jinjun Liu","doi":"10.1109/OJPEL.2026.3674636","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJPEL.2026.3674636","url":null,"abstract":"The existing topologies of PV generation units have fixed overcurrent capacity for each conversion stage, making it difficult to respond to various disturbances on PV and grid sides. This paper proposes a family of reconfigurable modular PV converter with flexible modules switching between the PV, grid, and energy storage (ES) sides via flexible switches which are composed of thyristors. We further study an optimal topology configuration for the non-ES case. Its control system and adaptive flexible modules dispatch strategy for efficient co-operation between PV and grid are proposed to maximize the utilization of hardware resources under various conditions such as variation of irradiance and low-voltage ride-through (LVRT). The proposed topology and its control strategy bring out enhanced flexibility and overcurrent capacity at limited additional hardware cost. The advantages of the reconfigurable modular PV converter are verified by simulation in MATLAB/Simulink and experimental tests of prototype. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed system can achieve twice overcurrent capacity via topology reconfiguration in less than 1.85 milliseconds.","PeriodicalId":93182,"journal":{"name":"IEEE open journal of power electronics","volume":"7 ","pages":"1117-1132"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11435428","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147665430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}