Shinan Wang;Xizheng Guo;Yueqing Chen;Zonghui Sun;Xiaojie You
{"title":"An Accurate SiC MOSFET Transient Modeling Method for the FPGA-Based Real-Time Simulation of Power Electronic Converters","authors":"Shinan Wang;Xizheng Guo;Yueqing Chen;Zonghui Sun;Xiaojie You","doi":"10.1109/OJPEL.2025.3538881","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJPEL.2025.3538881","url":null,"abstract":"This article proposes a silicon carbide (SiC) MOSFET transient model on the field programmable gate array (FPGA), which is suitable for the real-time simulation (RTS) of power electronic converters. The model describes the transient process with state equations, which is segmented by the time-scale, and achieves accurate simulation results with small time-step. Compared with the existing research that simplifies SiC MOSFET model in the RTS implementation process, the proposed modeling method not only considers the hard-switching process caused by insufficient deadtime, and the special switching mode that the channel turn-off precedes the antiparallel diode turn-on in opposite device, but also fits the nonlinear characteristics of the SiC MOSFET through look-up tables (LUTs). In addtion, the parallel solution structure of the FPGA-based RTS model is completed through hardware optimization design scheme. Combined with circuit decoupling technology, the model can be solved by the Backward Euler (BE) discretization method with time-step of 10 ns. Subsequently, the effectiveness and accuracy of the modeling method are validated by the simulation and hardware experiments.","PeriodicalId":93182,"journal":{"name":"IEEE open journal of power electronics","volume":"6 ","pages":"344-353"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10877787","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143480799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Three-Level DNPC-LLC Converter With Hybrid Modulation Method for Wide Output Voltage Applications","authors":"Ming-Shi Huang;Jhih-Cheng Hu;Shih-Gang Chen;Wei-Hsiang Hsu;Chun-Wei Huang","doi":"10.1109/OJPEL.2025.3539667","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJPEL.2025.3539667","url":null,"abstract":"Three-level diode-neutral-point-clamped (DNPC)-LLC resonant converter is usually utilized for high input voltage applications, whereas its output voltage is regulated using three-level (3L) modulation method. However, 3L modulation makes it difficult to address the requirement of a wide output voltage range. Therefore, this paper presents a hybrid modulation method for the DNPC-LLC converter, incorporating the traditional 3L modulation and a proposed two-level (2L) modulation, which allows lower output voltages, reduces the switching frequency and the number of switching operations of the primary-side switches. Furthermore, the operating principles and voltage gains of both modulation methods are analyzed. Finally, a 3.7 kW SiC-based DNPC-LLC converter with synchronous rectification at an 800 V input is implemented. The output voltage ranges from 20 V to 450 V, and smooth transitions between different modulation modes are verified. The proposed converter achieves a maximum efficiency of 97.3% at an output of 360 V and 10.3 A. Furthermore, compared to the 3L method, the 2L method improves efficiency by at least 0.5% when the output voltage is below 200 V. Additionally, the voltage balance between two series dc-link capacitors is fulfilled after applying voltage balancing control.","PeriodicalId":93182,"journal":{"name":"IEEE open journal of power electronics","volume":"6 ","pages":"354-370"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10878305","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143480802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Robust Control of Modular Multiport DC–DC Converter","authors":"Shahriar Farajdadian;Amin Hajizadeh;Mohsen Soltani;Pavol Bauer;Hani Vahedi","doi":"10.1109/OJPEL.2025.3538992","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJPEL.2025.3538992","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a robust control approach for non-isolated Modular Multiport Converters (MMPC) capable of integrating multiple energy sources and loads. The objective of this robust control approach is to mitigate cross-coupling challenges inherent in MIMO systems and effectively manage the parametric uncertainties associated with the converter as well as input and output disturbances. To achieve this objective, the paper begins with deriving the general nonlinear dynamic equations of an n-level step-up multi-port DC/DC converter (<inline-formula><tex-math>${MPDC}_{nL}^{SU}$</tex-math></inline-formula>). Subsequently, for a case study involving a 3-level step-up multi-port DC/DC converter (<inline-formula><tex-math>${MPDC}_{3L}^{SU}$</tex-math></inline-formula>) the equations are linearized to obtain the state-space model. Following the derivation of the converter model, a controller comprising two control loops is designed. The outer loop, responsible for regulating the voltage of output ports, is synthesized through a robust μ-optimal method using the <inline-formula><tex-math>${D} - mathcal{G} - mathcal{K}$</tex-math></inline-formula> iterative procedure, while the inner loop, responsible for regulating the current sharing among the parallel modules and generating PWM signals, is stabilized via multiple PI controllers. Finally, hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) test results derived from OPAL-RT 4610, and experimental results from a prototype are used to validate this control approach. The proposed decoupled mixed <inline-formula><tex-math>${mu }$</tex-math></inline-formula> synthesis method ensures robust performance and stability and results in a less conservative controller design for the <inline-formula><tex-math>${MPDC}_{3L}^{SU}$</tex-math></inline-formula>.","PeriodicalId":93182,"journal":{"name":"IEEE open journal of power electronics","volume":"6 ","pages":"300-313"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10878119","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143455322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amr Ahmed A. Radwan;Mahmoud Awad Elshenawy;Yasser Abdel-Rady I. Mohamed;Ehab F. El-Saadany
{"title":"Grid-Forming Current-Source Converter for a Full-Scale Wind Energy Conversion System","authors":"Amr Ahmed A. Radwan;Mahmoud Awad Elshenawy;Yasser Abdel-Rady I. Mohamed;Ehab F. El-Saadany","doi":"10.1109/OJPEL.2025.3537939","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJPEL.2025.3537939","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a grid-forming (GFM) current-source (CSC)-based full-scale wind energy conversion system with detailed small-signal modeling, dynamic analysis, and systematic control design approach. The system comprises 1) a machine-side vector-controlled CSC to regulate the power extracted from the permanent-magnet synchronous generator-based wind turbine, where a practical two-mass drivetrain model is adopted, and 2) a grid-side CSC controlled by a GFM scheme to support the grid and regulate the dc-link current to maintain a stable delivery of the extracted wind power. A detailed small-signal state-space model of the overall CSC-based system is developed to investigate the system's stability under different practical parameters, such as wind power reserve, control parameter, and short-circuit ratio variation. The equivalent dc-side impedances of the grid and machine-side CSCs are also developed and used to characterize the dc-link stability using the Nyquist stability criterion. A systematic design approach for the control parameters is presented. Nonlinear-model time-domain simulations are presented to verify the analytical results and assess the performance under various operating conditions, such as grid disturbances, faults, and parameter uncertainty. This study shows that the GFM CSC system provides stable operation under weak and very weak grid conditions and robust performance under fault conditions compared to a similar GFM voltage-source converter system.","PeriodicalId":93182,"journal":{"name":"IEEE open journal of power electronics","volume":"6 ","pages":"327-343"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10870106","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143455233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An Efficient Autonomous Increased Input Range SSHI Interface for a Variable Amplitude Vibration","authors":"Saman Shoorabi Sani","doi":"10.1109/OJPEL.2025.3535761","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJPEL.2025.3535761","url":null,"abstract":"This article proposes a new interface circuit for Piezoelectric Energy Harvesters (PEHs), which improves the startup issue of the Synchronized Switch Harvesting on Inductor (SSHI) technique in variable amplitude vibration environments. In the proposed Increased Input Range Synchronized Switch Harvesting on Inductor (IIR-SSHI), once the SSHI scheme stops operating because of the change in the excitation amplitude, a low-power peak detector is activated to accumulate the charge of the parasitic capacitance of the PEH by successive bias-flipping actions, without requiring any external energy investment, i.e., energy kick start. Therefore, the proposed circuit can autonomously maintain the energy extraction procedure active at the highest performance of energy extraction, i.e., FoM<sub>MOPIR</sub>, when the excitation amplitude is reduced considerably. The proposed circuit is simulated and verified using a 0.18-μm CMOS standard technology, ensuring energy extraction performance and robustness. Based on the post-layout simulation results, the proposed circuit can extract energy from PEH significantly for a minimum input excitation amplitude of only 800 mV. The maximum output power improvement relative to the Standard Energy Harvesting (SEH) and standard SSHI circuits is 5.5 and 2.75 in decreased input amplitude scenarios, respectively.","PeriodicalId":93182,"journal":{"name":"IEEE open journal of power electronics","volume":"6 ","pages":"314-326"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10856550","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143455323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Magnetic-Field-Editable Wireless Power Transfer System With DD2 Magnetic Couplers for Position Detection and Misalignment Tolerance","authors":"Xuxing Duan;Wei Han;Youhao Hu;Hanlei Tian;Jinliang Huang;Zhen Zhang","doi":"10.1109/OJPEL.2025.3534245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJPEL.2025.3534245","url":null,"abstract":"Misalignment tolerance and receiver positioning are critical in designing wireless charging systems for electric vehicles. This study presents a magnetic field editable wireless power transfer (MFE-WPT) system equipped with the orthogonally-stacked double-D (DD<sup>2</sup>) magnetic coupler and a new control strategy, equivalently modifying the magnetic field distribution to tolerate misalignments without physically adjusting the receiver position. In this paper, the detailed analysis of circuit modeling, transfer characteristics, magnetic field distribution and position recognition strategy of the MEF-WPT system are given. Besides, an experimental prototype with the output power of 2.3 kW and the system efficiency of 87.99% has been built and four different receiver positions are selected to validate the effectiveness of the proposed system. By comparing with the traditional DD coil based WPT system, the measured results of the proposed system can maximumly improve the output power and system efficiency up to 2667.39% and 62.29%, when the receiver misalignment happens in the 200 × 200 mm charging plane.","PeriodicalId":93182,"journal":{"name":"IEEE open journal of power electronics","volume":"6 ","pages":"266-276"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10854645","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143361029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"High Step-Up DC–DC Converter With Low Switch Voltage Stress, Continuous Input Current, and ZVS Operation","authors":"Maryam Hajilou;Hosein Farzanehfard;Hani Vahedi","doi":"10.1109/OJPEL.2025.3532878","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJPEL.2025.3532878","url":null,"abstract":"This article introduces a new fully soft switched ultra-high step-up quadratic converter. The proposed converter benefits from several advanced features including high voltage gain at low duty cycle, low switch voltage stress, low sum of diodes voltage stress, switching at ZVS condition for switches, low ripple continuous input current, and common ground between the input and load. These advantages are achieved by integrating the quadratic structure with an auxiliary circuit consisting of coupled inductors, switched capacitors, and active clamp techniques. Furthermore, the presented converter mitigates the reverse recovery problem of all diodes especially the input side diodes which is a challenge in many quadratic base converters. These properties have contributed to providing an efficient converter with wide applicability. The converter is fully analyzed, its superiority to other structures is shown, and a 200 W laboratory prototype validates the theoretical analysis.","PeriodicalId":93182,"journal":{"name":"IEEE open journal of power electronics","volume":"6 ","pages":"277-285"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10851403","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143379551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Samantha Coday;Elisa Krause;Margaret E. Blackwell;Rahul K. Iyer;Nathan M. Ellis;Ansel Barchowsky;Robert C.N. Pilawa-Podgurski
{"title":"Design and Implementation of a GaN-Based Composite Hybrid Switched-Capacitor DC-DC Converter for Space Applications","authors":"Samantha Coday;Elisa Krause;Margaret E. Blackwell;Rahul K. Iyer;Nathan M. Ellis;Ansel Barchowsky;Robert C.N. Pilawa-Podgurski","doi":"10.1109/OJPEL.2024.3471670","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJPEL.2024.3471670","url":null,"abstract":"To enable next generation robotic space exploration, innovations in the area of high step-down voltage converters is necessary. This work explores the use of multilevel hybrid switched-capacitor power converters which have unique advantages in mass-critical and harsh radiation space environments. A composite converter topology is presented which utilizes two different hybrid switched-capacitor converters in a partial power processing system. First, a fixed-ratio capacitively-isolated resonant Dickson converter is designed for a high step-down conversion ratio and to process the majority of the system power. In addition, a flying capacitor multilevel (FCML) converter is designed to provide regulation over a wide range of input voltages. The optimization of each converter is discussed, with careful attention dedicated to the minimization of passive component mass. The hardware results for each converter and the full composite system are presented, showcasing a system efficiency of over 96% for a nominal 15:1 conversion ratio with regulation capability.","PeriodicalId":93182,"journal":{"name":"IEEE open journal of power electronics","volume":"6 ","pages":"150-161"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10841370","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142993086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Implementing Two Dimensions Decentralized Carrier Phase Shift Method for Multicell Serial-Parallel Inverters","authors":"Phu Cong Nguyen;Quoc Dung Phan;Dinh Tuyen Nguyen","doi":"10.1109/OJPEL.2025.3529520","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJPEL.2025.3529520","url":null,"abstract":"With regard to the research and application of power converters, scientists have focused on finding structures and researching control solutions for multilevel multiphase power converters (MMC). Connecting cells in series, parallel (2 Dimension-2D) to the MMC allows easy adjustment of the power and output voltage. The design of MMCs must ensure that the switching voltage is less than the switching voltage limit of the insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT), and that the 2D structure can easily adjust the voltage at each level by adding or removing several cells in series. A 2D structure can be designed for a wide power range, which can be quickly achieved by adjusting the number of cells (or multicell branches) in parallel. Currently, the use of 2D structures has only a few published studies on the aspect of DC/DC modulation. This study implements a decentralized carrier phase angle shift algorithm for multicell power converters coupled in series and parallel to supply single-phase alternating current (AC) loads. This paper proposes and verifies an algorithm to ensure that the carrier phase angles of cells in the 2D structure are evenly alternating, thereby improving the algorithm to balance the alternating current between parallel branches connecting the load. Reviews, analyses, and assessments were verified on a 2D structure simulation model including six parallel branches, each of which has six cells in Matlab/Simulink software, and verified by an experimental model including four branches, each of which has four cells using digital signal processing (DSP) TMS320F28379D as the controller.","PeriodicalId":93182,"journal":{"name":"IEEE open journal of power electronics","volume":"6 ","pages":"243-265"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10840202","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143106171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Lie Theory-Based Control Scheme for a Solar-Fed Encoderless SPMSM","authors":"Abirami Kalathy;Arpan Laha;Praveen Jain;Majid Pahlevani","doi":"10.1109/OJPEL.2025.3529284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJPEL.2025.3529284","url":null,"abstract":"This article proposes a novel Lie group controller for speed sensorless control of a surface-mounted Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (SPMSM) fed by a solar microinverter. Solar-fed motor drive poses significant challenges due to the inherent solar power fluctuations and small storage capability of solar microinverters. Thus, the reliable operation of a solar-powered motor drive requires a control methodology that delivers optimal performance for the fluctuating solar power along with fast dynamic behavior to handle source/load transients. The proposed control strategy quickly modulates the drive frequency based on Lie theory in response to any transients, maximizing the motor's torque output. The proposed control method has better dynamic performance, ease of start-up, and is simpler to implement compared to existing observer-based vector control methods. Theoretical analysis as well as simulation and experimental results prove the effectiveness of the proposed control method.","PeriodicalId":93182,"journal":{"name":"IEEE open journal of power electronics","volume":"6 ","pages":"176-195"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10840303","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143106736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}