Brain Research Bulletin最新文献

{"title":"An automated approach for predicting HAMD-17 scores via divergent selective focused multi-heads self-attention network","authors":"Jing Qin ,&nbsp;Zhiguang Qin ,&nbsp;Zhen Qin ,&nbsp;Fali Li ,&nbsp;Yueheng Peng ,&nbsp;Yue Zhang ,&nbsp;Yutong Yao","doi":"10.1016/j.brainresbull.2024.110984","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brainresbull.2024.110984","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study introduces the Divergent Selective Focused Multi-heads Self-Attention Network (DSFMANet), an innovative deep learning model devised to automatically predict Hamilton Depression Rating Scale-17 (HAMD-17) scores in patients with depression. This model introduces a multi-branch structure for sub-bands and artificially configures attention focus factors on various branches, resulting in distinct attention distributions for different sub-bands. Experimental results demonstrate that when DSFMANet processes sub-band data, its performance surpasses current benchmarks in key metrics such as mean square error (MSE), mean absolute error (MAE), root mean square error (RMSE), and coefficient of determination (<span><math><msup><mrow><mi>R</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></math></span>). This success is particularly evident in terms of MSE and MAE, where the performance of sub-band data is significantly superior, highlighting the model's potential in accurately predicting HAMD-17 scores. Concurrently, the experiment also compared the model's performance with sub-band and full-band data, affirming the superiority of the selective focus attention mechanism in electroencephalography (EEG) signal processing. DSFMANet, when utilizing sub-band data, exhibits higher data processing efficiency and reduced model complexity. The findings of this study underscore the significance of employing deep learning models based on sub-band analysis in depression diagnosis. The DSFMANet model not only effectively enhances the accuracy of depression diagnosis but also offers valuable research directions for similar applications in the future. This deep learning-based automated approach can effectively ascertain the HAMD-17 scores of patients with depression, thus offering more accurate and reliable support for clinical decision-making.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9302,"journal":{"name":"Brain Research Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0361923024001175/pdfft?md5=9fb4bcef8156424acaa9dcac32020496&pid=1-s2.0-S0361923024001175-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141098165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thyroid hormones and stroke, the gap between clinical and experimental studies","authors":"Sakineh Shafia ,&nbsp;Ashraf Khoramirad ,&nbsp;Kobra Akhoundzadeh","doi":"10.1016/j.brainresbull.2024.110983","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brainresbull.2024.110983","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Despite plenty of human studies on changes in thyroid hormones after stroke and some animal studies that assessed the effects of thyroid hormone administration on stroke, conclusive evidence for clinical application is lacking. This review aimed to determine the consistency of the results between clinical and preclinical studies. This article reviewed the PubMed, Embase, web of Knowledge, and Google Scholar databases up to June 2023 using the MeSH terms “stroke, cerebral ischemia, cerebral infarction, brain ischemia, brain infarction, triiodothyronine (T₃), tetraiodothyronine (T₄), thyroxine (T₄), and thyroid hormone\". The results of clinical and preclinical studies related to T₃ substantially confirm each other. That is, in most human studies lower T₃ was associated with poor outcomes, and in experimental studies, T₃ administration also had therapeutic effects. However, the results of experimental studies related to T₄ could not support those of clinical studies. There seem to be some conflicts between experimental and human studies, especially regarding changes and effects of T₄ after stroke. The gap between experimental and clinical studies may lead to non-applicable results, wasting time and money, and unnecessary killing of animals.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9302,"journal":{"name":"Brain Research Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0361923024001163/pdfft?md5=8fd7c538060f235e348799e68d4e1cfe&pid=1-s2.0-S0361923024001163-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141131842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chronic restraint stress induces depression-like behaviors and alterations in the afferent projections of medial prefrontal cortex from multiple brain regions in mice","authors":"Ming-Jun Ge ,&nbsp;Geng Chen ,&nbsp;Zhen-Qiang Zhang ,&nbsp;Zong-Hao Yu ,&nbsp;Jun-Xian Shen ,&nbsp;Chuan Pan ,&nbsp;Fei Han ,&nbsp;Hui Xu ,&nbsp;Xiu-Ling Zhu ,&nbsp;Ya-Ping Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.brainresbull.2024.110981","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brainresbull.2024.110981","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) forms output pathways through projection neurons, inversely receiving adjacent and long-range inputs from other brain regions. However, how afferent neurons of mPFC are affected by chronic stress needs to be clarified. In this study, the effects of chronic restraint stress (CRS) on the distribution density of mPFC dendrites/dendritic spines and the projections from the cortex and subcortical brain regions to the mPFC were investigated.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>In the present study, C57BL/6 J transgenic (Thy1-YFP-H) mice were subjected to CRS to establish an animal model of depression. The infralimbic (IL) of mPFC was selected as the injection site of retrograde AAV using stereotactic technique. The effects of CRS on dendrites/dendritic spines and afferent neurons of the mPFC IL were investigaed by quantitatively assessing the distribution density of green fluorescent (YFP) positive dendrites/dendritic spines and red fluorescent (retrograde AAV recombinant protein) positive neurons, respectively.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The results revealed that retrograde tracing virus labeled neurons were widely distributed in ipsilateral and contralateral cingulate cortex (Cg1), second cingulate cortex (Cg2), prelimbic cortex (PrL), infralimbic cortex, medial orbital cortex (MO), and dorsal peduncular cortex (DP). The effects of CRS on the distribution density of mPFC red fluorescence positive neurons exhibited regional differences, ranging from rostral to caudal or from top to bottom. Simultaneously, CRS resulted a decrease in the distribution density of basal, proximal and distal dendrites, as well as an increase in the loss of dendritic spines of the distal dendrites in the IL of mPFC. Furthermore, varying degrees of red retrograde tracing virus fluorescence signals were observed in other cortices, amygdala, hippocampus, septum/basal forebrain, hypothalamus, thalamus, mesencephalon, and brainstem in both ipsilateral and contralateral brain. CRS significantly reduced the distribution density of red fluorescence positive neurons in other cortices, hippocampus, septum/basal forebrain, hypothalamus, and thalamus. Conversely, CRS significantly increased the distribution density of red fluorescence positive neurons in amygdala.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Our results suggest a possible mechanism that CRS leads to disturbances in synaptic plasticity by affecting multiple inputs to the mPFC, which is characterized by a decrease in the distribution density of dendrites/dendritic spines in the IL of mPFC and a reduction in input neurons of multiple cortices to the IL of mPFC as well as an increase in input neurons of amygdala to the IL of mPFC, ultimately causing depression-like behaviors.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9302,"journal":{"name":"Brain Research Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S036192302400114X/pdfft?md5=8b7da38f5ec584423f6841c0aff558f8&pid=1-s2.0-S036192302400114X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141080725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-lasting effects of disturbing the circadian rhythm or sleep in adolescence","authors":"Gretchen C. Pifer ,&nbsp;Nicole C. Ferrara ,&nbsp;Janine L. Kwapis","doi":"10.1016/j.brainresbull.2024.110978","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brainresbull.2024.110978","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Circadian rhythms are endogenous, near 24-hour rhythms that regulate a multitude of biological and behavioral processes across the diurnal cycle in most organisms. Over the lifespan, a bell curve pattern emerges in circadian phase preference (i.e. chronotype), with children and adults generally preferring to wake earlier and fall asleep earlier, and adolescents and young adults preferring to wake later and fall asleep later than their adult counterparts. This well-defined shift speaks to the variability of circadian rhythmicity over the lifespan and the changing needs and demands of the brain as an organism develops, particularly in the adolescent period. Indeed, adolescence is known to be a critical period of development during which dramatic neuroanatomical changes are occurring to allow for improved decision-making. Due to the large amount of re-structuring occurring in the adolescent brain, circadian disruptions during this period could have adverse consequences that persist across the lifespan. While the detrimental effects of circadian disruptions in adults have been characterized in depth, few studies have longitudinally assessed the potential long-term impacts of circadian disruptions during adolescence. Here, we will review the evidence that disruptions in circadian rhythmicity during adolescence have effects that persist into adulthood. As biological and social time often conflict in modern society, with school start times misaligned with adolescents’ endogenous rhythms, it is critical to understand the long-term impacts of disrupted circadian rhythmicity in adolescence.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9302,"journal":{"name":"Brain Research Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0361923024001114/pdfft?md5=643c64fbaf25f957b0c052348bc211f1&pid=1-s2.0-S0361923024001114-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140956315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hemisphere lateralization of graph theoretical network in end-stage knee osteoarthritis patients","authors":"Bingxin Kang ,&nbsp;Jie Ma ,&nbsp;Jun Shen ,&nbsp;Chi Zhao ,&nbsp;Xuyun Hua ,&nbsp;Guowei Qiu ,&nbsp;Xinyu A ,&nbsp;Hui Xu ,&nbsp;Jianguang Xu ,&nbsp;Lianbo Xiao","doi":"10.1016/j.brainresbull.2024.110976","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brainresbull.2024.110976","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Hemisphere functional lateralization is a prominent feature of the human brain. However, it is not known whether hemispheric lateralization features are altered in end-stage knee osteoarthritis (esKOA). In this study, we performed resting-state functional magnetic imaging on 46 esKOA patients and 31 healthy controls (HCs) and compared with the global and inter-hemisphere network to clarify the hemispheric functional network lateralization characteristics of patients. A correlation analysis was performed to explore the relationship between the inter-hemispheric network parameters and clinical features of patients. The node attributes were analyzed to explore the factors changing in the hemisphere network function lateralization in patients. We found that patients and HCs exhibited “small-world” brain network topology. Clustering coefficient increased in patients compared with that in HCs. The hemisphere difference in inter-hemispheric parameters including assortativity, global efficiency, local efficiency, clustering coefficients, small-worldness, and shortest path length. The pain course and intensity of esKOA were positively correlated with the right hemispheric lateralization in local efficiency, clustering coefficients, and the small-worldness, respectively. The significant alterations of several nodal properties were demonstrated within group in pain-cognition, pain-emotion, and pain regulation circuits. The abnormal lateralization inter-hemisphere network may be caused by the destruction of regional network properties.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9302,"journal":{"name":"Brain Research Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0361923024001096/pdfft?md5=47e3bab8e0a702b0ef638602b3b67927&pid=1-s2.0-S0361923024001096-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140944061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Terminalia chebula attenuates restraint stress-induced memory impairment and synaptic loss in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus and the basolateral and central nuclei of the amygdala by inhibiting oxidative damage","authors":"Hossein Khazani ,&nbsp;Bahman Jalali Kondori ,&nbsp;Hedayat Sahraei ,&nbsp;Gholam Hossein Meftahi","doi":"10.1016/j.brainresbull.2024.110975","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainresbull.2024.110975","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Chronic restraint stress induces cognitive abnormalities through changes in synapses and oxidant levels in the amygdala and hippocampus. Given the neuroprotective effects of fruit of <em>Terminalia chebula</em> (Halileh) in different experimental models, the present investigation aimed to address whether <em>Terminalia chebula</em> is able to reduce chronic restraint stress-induced behavioral, synaptic and oxidant markers in the rat model. Thirty-two male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups as follows: control (did not receive any treatment and were not exposed to stress), stress (restraint stress for 2 h a day for 14 consecutive days), <em>Terminalia chebula</em> (received 200 mg/kg hydroalcoholic extract of <em>Terminalia chebula</em>), and stress + <em>Terminalia chebula</em> groups (received 200 mg/kg extract of <em>Terminalia chebula</em> twenty minutes before stress) (n = 8 in each group). We used the shuttle box test to assess learning and memory, Golgi-Cox staining to examine dendritic spine density in the dentate gyrus region of the hippocampus and the basolateral and central nuclei of the amygdala, and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total oxidant status (TOS) in the brain. The shuttle box test results demonstrated that <em>Terminalia chebula</em> treatment had a profound positive effect on memory parameters, including step-through latency (STL) and time spent in the dark room, when compared to the stress group. Daily oral treatment with <em>Terminalia chebula</em> effectively suppressed the loss of neural spine density in the dentate gyrus region of the hippocampus and the basolateral and central nuclei of the amygdala caused by chronic restraint stress, as demonstrated by Golgi-Cox staining. Additionally, the results indicate that <em>Terminalia chebula</em> significantly reduced the TOS and increased TAC in the brain compared to the stress group. In conclusion, our results suggest that <em>Terminalia chebula</em> improved memory impairment and synaptic loss in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus and the basolateral and central nuclei of the amygdala induced by restraint stress via inhibiting oxidative damage.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9302,"journal":{"name":"Brain Research Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0361923024001084/pdfft?md5=7f4e5cb0aa0248bd200eb28b49eba5ea&pid=1-s2.0-S0361923024001084-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140905887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The compelling role of allopurinol in hyperuricemia-induced epilepsy: Unrecognized like tears in rain","authors":"Ali Abdullah AlAseeri ,&nbsp;Hayder M. Al-kuraishy ,&nbsp;Ali I. Al-Gareeb ,&nbsp;Naif H. Ali ,&nbsp;Athanasios Alexiou ,&nbsp;Marios Papadakis ,&nbsp;Mostafa M. Bahaa ,&nbsp;Mubarak Alruwaili ,&nbsp;Gaber El-Saber Batiha","doi":"10.1016/j.brainresbull.2024.110973","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brainresbull.2024.110973","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Epilepsy is a common neurological disease characterized by the recurrent, paroxysmal, and unprovoked seizures. It has been shown that hyperuricemia enhances and associated with the development and progression of epilepsy through induction of inflammation and oxidative stress. In addition, uric acid is released within the brain and contributes in the development of neuronal hyperexcitability and epileptic seizure. Brain uric acid acts as damage associated molecular pattern (DAMP) activates the immune response and induce the development of neuroinflammation. Therefore, inhibition of xanthine oxidase by allopurinol may reduce hyperuricemia-induced epileptic seizure and associated oxidative stress and inflammation. However, the underlying mechanism of allopurinol in the epilepsy was not fully elucidated. Therefore, this review aims to revise from published articles the link between hyperuricemia and epilepsy, and how allopurinol inhibits the development of epileptic seizure.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9302,"journal":{"name":"Brain Research Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0361923024001060/pdfft?md5=813d7f392b1f44a731f45ecf54a339c3&pid=1-s2.0-S0361923024001060-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140896475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating cortical excitability and inhibition in patients with schizophrenia: A TMS-EEG study","authors":"V. Santoro ,&nbsp;M.D. Hou ,&nbsp;I. Premoli ,&nbsp;P. Belardinelli ,&nbsp;A. Biondi ,&nbsp;A. Carobin ,&nbsp;F. Puledda ,&nbsp;P.G. Michalopoulou ,&nbsp;M.P. Richardson ,&nbsp;L. Rocchi ,&nbsp;S.S. Shergill","doi":"10.1016/j.brainresbull.2024.110972","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainresbull.2024.110972","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) combined with electromyography (EMG) has widely been used as a non-invasive brain stimulation tool to assess excitation/inhibition (E/I) balance. E/I imbalance is a putative mechanism underlying symptoms in patients with schizophrenia. Combined TMS-electroencephalography (TMS-EEG) provides a detailed examination of cortical excitability to assess the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. This study aimed to investigate differences in TMS-evoked potentials (TEPs), TMS-related spectral perturbations (TRSP) and intertrial coherence (ITC) between patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls.</p></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><p>TMS was applied over the motor cortex during EEG recording. Differences in TEPs, TRSP and ITC between the patient and healthy subjects were analysed for all electrodes at each time point, by applying multiple independent sample t-tests with a cluster-based permutation analysis to correct for multiple comparisons.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Patients demonstrated significantly reduced amplitudes of early and late TEP components compared to healthy controls. Patients also showed a significant reduction of early delta (50–160 ms) and theta TRSP (30-250ms),followed by a reduction in alpha and beta suppression (220–560 ms; 190–420 ms). Patients showed a reduction of both early (50–110 ms) gamma increase and later (180–230 ms) gamma suppression. Finally, the ITC was significantly lower in patients in the alpha band, from 30 to 260 ms.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Our findings support the putative role of impaired GABA-receptor mediated inhibition in schizophrenia impacting excitatory neurotransmission. Further studies can usefully elucidate mechanisms underlying specific symptoms clusters using TMS-EEG biometrics.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9302,"journal":{"name":"Brain Research Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0361923024001059/pdfft?md5=b97d247b0e48e4794959f698602168df&pid=1-s2.0-S0361923024001059-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140843608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Co-activation patterns during viewing of different video game genres","authors":"Ruifang Cui ,&nbsp;Zihao Zheng ,&nbsp;Lijun Jiang ,&nbsp;Weiyi Ma ,&nbsp;Diankun Gong ,&nbsp;Dezhong Yao","doi":"10.1016/j.brainresbull.2024.110974","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brainresbull.2024.110974","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Past research has revealed cognitive improvements resulting from engagement with both traditional action video games and newer action-like video games, such as action real-time strategy games (ARSG). However, the cortical dynamics elicited by different video gaming genres remain unclear. This study explored the temporal dynamics of cortical networks in response to different gaming genres. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data were obtained during eye-closed resting and passive viewing of gameplay videos of three genres: life simulation games (LSG), first-person shooter games (FPS), and ARSG. Data analysis used a seed-free Co-Activation Pattern (CAP) based on Regions of Interest (ROIs). When comparing the viewing of action-like video games (FPS and ARSG) to LSG viewing, significant dynamic distinctions were observed in both primary and higher-order networks. Within action-like video games, compared to FPS viewing, ARSG viewing elicited a more pronounced increase in the Fraction of Time and Counts of attentional control-related CAPs, along with an increased Transition Probability from sensorimotor-related CAPs to attentional control-related CAPs. Compared to ARSG viewing, FPS viewing elicited a significant increase in the Fraction of Time of sensorimotor-related CAPs, when gaming experience was considered as a covariate. Thus, different video gaming genres, including distinct action-like video gaming genres, elicited unique dynamic patterns in whole-brain CAPs, potentially influencing the development of various cognitive processes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9302,"journal":{"name":"Brain Research Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0361923024001072/pdfft?md5=611266d96220f607b72e5d4ac185951a&pid=1-s2.0-S0361923024001072-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140851527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dl-3-n-butylphthalide promotes microglial phagocytosis and inhibits microglial inflammation via regulating AGE-RAGE pathway in APP/PS1 mice","authors":"Jin Lu ,&nbsp;Jiawei Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiuzhe Wang ,&nbsp;Fang Yuan ,&nbsp;Bo Xin ,&nbsp;Jie Li ,&nbsp;Quanjun Yang ,&nbsp;Xingxia Li ,&nbsp;Jianping Zhang ,&nbsp;Xingyan Wang ,&nbsp;Jianliang Fu ,&nbsp;Cheng Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.brainresbull.2024.110969","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainresbull.2024.110969","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Alzheimer's disease (AD) stands as the most prevalent neurodegenerative condition worldwide, and its correlation with microglial function is notably significant. Dl-3-n-butylphthalide (NBP), derived from the seeds of Apium graveolens L. (Chinese celery), has demonstrated the capacity to diminish Aβ levels in the brain tissue of Alzheimer’s transgenic mice. Despite this, its connection to neuroinflammation and microglial phagocytosis, along with the specific molecular mechanism involved, remains undefined. In this study, NBP treatment exhibited a substantial improvement in learning deficits observed in AD transgenic mice (APP/PS1 transgenic mice). Furthermore, NBP treatment significantly mitigated the total cerebral Aβ plaque deposition. This effect was attributed to the heightened presence of activated microglia surrounding Aβ plaques and an increase in microglial phagocytosis of Aβ plaques. Transcriptome sequencing analysis unveiled the potential involvement of the AGE (advanced glycation end products) -RAGE (receptor for AGE) signaling pathway in NBP’s impact on APP/PS1 mice. Subsequent investigation disclosed a reduction in the secretion of AGEs, RAGE, and proinflammatory factors within the hippocampus and cortex of NBP-treated APP/PS1 mice. In summary, NBP alleviates cognitive impairment by augmenting the number of activated microglia around Aβ plaques and ameliorating AGE-RAGE-mediated neuroinflammation. These findings underscore the related mechanism of the crucial neuroprotective roles of microglial phagocytosis and anti-inflammation in NBP treatment for AD, offering a potential therapeutic target for the disease.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9302,"journal":{"name":"Brain Research Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0361923024001023/pdfft?md5=fba9d00a46d10deee1104cd3ba5a0073&pid=1-s2.0-S0361923024001023-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140824004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}