Brain Research Bulletin最新文献

{"title":"BACE1 as an early biomarker and its relevance to risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease","authors":"Masuo Ohno","doi":"10.1016/j.brainresbull.2025.111475","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brainresbull.2025.111475","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>While the β-secretase BACE1 is responsible for the rate-limiting initial step to generate amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides, BACE1 inhibitor clinical trials have been halted due to a lack of efficacy and/or safety concerns at symptomatic/prodromal stages of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). These trials were often targeted at high levels of BACE1 inhibition (&gt;70 %) and ended up with signs of mild cognitive worsening instead of expected improvement. BACE1 concentration and activity are elevated in the cerebrospinal fluid and plasma/serum as well as brains of patients with mild cognitive impairment and AD dementia. Interestingly, recent evidence suggests that these fluid-based biomarkers reflective of BACE1 elevation may be associated with yet asymptomatic pathological changes in preclinical AD populations who are at high-risk for developing AD. Consistent with these findings, it has been demonstrated that exposures to major environmental and genetic risks such as diabetes, sleep disturbances, seizure, vascular disorders, stress, apolipoprotein E4, etc. converge on BACE1 elevation in humans and animal models, which may contribute to triggering sporadic AD. Moreover, vicious cycles exist between BACE1/Aβ elevations and certain prognostic conditions, further accelerating disease progression. Conversely, protective factors for AD are associated with reduced BACE1 level/activity. This review provides an overview of BACE1 alterations as common responses to a broad battery of AD risk and protective factors. The findings validate BACE1 as a biomarker for preclinical AD status that may be useful for earlier diagnosis and identifying subpopulations of individuals under AD risks who would benefit from preventive low-dose BACE1 inhibitor treatment with a higher probability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9302,"journal":{"name":"Brain Research Bulletin","volume":"230 ","pages":"Article 111475"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144706409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in auditory cortex subregions and their prediction for sound therapy outcomes in patients with tinnitus","authors":"Ling Wang ,&nbsp;Yu Zhang ,&nbsp;Rui Zhao ,&nbsp;Yan Huang ,&nbsp;Xinghao Wang ,&nbsp;Yuyou Huang ,&nbsp;Jiancheng Zhang ,&nbsp;Han Lv ,&nbsp;Pengfei Zhao ,&nbsp;Zhenghan Yang ,&nbsp;Qian Chen ,&nbsp;Zhenchang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.brainresbull.2025.111477","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brainresbull.2025.111477","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To examine structural and functional changes in auditory cortex(AC) subregions of patients with tinnitus and identify potential predictive indicators for sound therapy.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>63 patients with tinnitus (29 in effective group[EG] and 34 in ineffective group[IG]) and 38 healthy controls(HCs) were included. High-resolution 3D T1-weighted images, diffusion tensor imaging, and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging were obtained before sound therapy. We compared gray matter volume, fractional anisotropy(FA), amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations(ALFF), fractional ALFF(fALFF), regional homogeneity(ReHo) within AC subregions, and functional connectivity(FC) between each subregion and other brain voxels, across the three groups. Spearman’s correlation assessed the relationship between imaging and clinical data, while receiver operating characteristic(ROC) analyses identified sensitive imaging indicators for predicting sound therapy outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The EG and IG exhibited increased FA and decreased ALFF, fALFF, ReHo in AC subregions, especially in the higher subregion TE3.0. The EG showed a significantly higher FC between bilateral TE3.0 and the left inferior temporal gyrus(ITG) than the IG. FC values between bilateral TE3.0 and left ITG were positively correlated with improvements in Tinnitus Handicap Inventory scores following treatment. When the FC values between bilateral TE3.0 and left ITG combined as an indicator, the area under the curve(AUC) reaches the highest of 0.811.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div><strong>:</strong> Our findings demonstrate extensive AC changes in bilateral TE3.0, offering new insights into the mechanism of tinnitus. The sound therapy efficacy may be linked to individual differences in AC subregion reorganization, with combined FC values between bilateral TE3.0 and the left ITG serving as an effective predictor.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9302,"journal":{"name":"Brain Research Bulletin","volume":"229 ","pages":"Article 111477"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144702426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine learning approach effectively discriminates between Parkinson’s disease and progressive supranuclear palsy: Multi-level indices of rs-fMRI","authors":"Weiling Cheng ,&nbsp;Xiao Liang ,&nbsp;Wei Zeng ,&nbsp;Jiali Guo ,&nbsp;Zhibiao Yin ,&nbsp;Jiankun Dai ,&nbsp;Daojun Hong ,&nbsp;Fuqing Zhou ,&nbsp;Fangjun Li ,&nbsp;Xin Fang","doi":"10.1016/j.brainresbull.2025.111476","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brainresbull.2025.111476","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aim</h3><div>Parkinson’s disease (PD) and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) present similar clinical symptoms, but their treatment options and clinical prognosis differ significantly. Therefore, we aimed to discriminate between PD and PSP based on multi-level indices of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) via the machine learning approach.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>A total of 58 PD and 52 PSP patients were prospectively enrolled in this study. Participants were randomly allocated to a training set and a validation set in a 7:3 ratio. Various rs-fMRI indices were extracted, followed by a comprehensive feature screening for each index. We constructed fifteen distinct combinations of indices and selected four machine learning algorithms for model development. Subsequently, different validation templates were employed to assess the classification results and investigate the relationship between the most significant features and clinical assessment scales.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The classification performance of logistic regression (LR) and support vector machine (SVM) models, based on multiple index combinations, was significantly superior to that of other machine learning models and combinations when utilizing automatic anatomical labeling (AAL) templates. This has been verified across different templates.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The utilization of multiple rs-fMRI indices significantly enhances the performance of machine learning models and can effectively achieve the automatic identification of PD and PSP at the individual level.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9302,"journal":{"name":"Brain Research Bulletin","volume":"229 ","pages":"Article 111476"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144686766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Off-targets effects of CNO on somatosensory and anxiety-related behaviors in rats","authors":"Xuan Li ,&nbsp;Juan Yao ,&nbsp;Lian-lin Zeng ,&nbsp;Jia Huang ,&nbsp;Xiao-qian Jiang ,&nbsp;Jin-he Xu ,&nbsp;Bing Wu ,&nbsp;Hong-li Li ,&nbsp;Ke-hui Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.brainresbull.2025.111474","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brainresbull.2025.111474","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADDs) are a powerful chemogenetic tool for controlling targeted cell populations and manipulating brain functions. As a typical chemogenetic actuator in DREADD systems, clozapine-N-oxide (CNO) is widely utilized in neurobiological and pharmacological research. However, the acute off-target effects of CNO on somatosensory (e.g., itch, pain) stimulation-induced and anxiety-related behaviors in rodents have not been systematically investigated. Through classical behavioral paradigms, including evoked itch-scratching, noxious thermal pain assessment, and elevated plus maze testing, we demonstrated that intraperitoneal administration of standard CNO doses (2 and 4 mg/kg) modulates itch/pain perception and anxiety-like behaviors in Sprague-Dawley rats lacking DREADD expression. The key behavioral findings are: (1) High-dose CNO (4 mg/kg) significantly suppressed 5-HT-induced itch-scratching; (2) Both doses of CNO (2 and 4 mg/kg) reduced sensitivity to noxious thermal stimuli; (3) CNO induced an anxious phenotype without altering locomotor activity. Fiber photometry experiments further revealed that CNO enhanced glutamatergic neuronal activity in the prelimbic cortex but not in the central amygdala or the dorsal hippocampus. These results provide robust evidence that commonly employed doses of CNO—designed to activate DREADDs—elicit off-target effects on somatosensory and emotional behaviors in rats. The underlying mechanisms may involve CNO-induced modulation of glutamatergic signaling in key limbic regions, potentially mediated by interactions between the ligand or its metabolites and endogenous brain receptors. Verification of these off-target effects underscores the necessity of including ligand-only control groups in DREADD experiments and necessitates caution against overinterpreting behavioral outcomes attributed solely to chemogenetic manipulations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9302,"journal":{"name":"Brain Research Bulletin","volume":"229 ","pages":"Article 111474"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144702427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Whole brain gray matter volume may mediate the relationship between light physical activity and Body Mass Index in middle-aged Japanese adults","authors":"Juan Cesar D. Pineda ,&nbsp;Keisuke Kokubun ,&nbsp;Yoshinori Yamakawa","doi":"10.1016/j.brainresbull.2025.111471","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brainresbull.2025.111471","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Obesity is a multifactorial condition that cannot be fully explained by traditional energy-balance models. Recent studies highlight the role of brain structure—particularly gray matter volume—as a potential risk factor of obesity. Physical activity (PA) has been shown to enhance gray matter volume, particularly in older adults. While prior studies have linked physical activity (PA) with both brain structure and Body Mass Index (BMI), few have examined whether brain structure may account for the association between PA and obesity. Therefore, this study explored the potential mediating role of brain structure in the association between PA and BMI in a cross-sectional sample of Japanese adults. PA was assessed using the Japanese version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire – Short Form (IPAQ-SF). PA was assessed across three intensity levels (Intense, Moderate, and Light), in terms of duration (minutes per week) and frequency (number of days per week). Brain structure was measured as total gray matter volume, using the Gray Matter Brain Healthcare Quotient (GM-BHQ). Multiple hierarchical linear regression revealed only light PA had individual associations with increased GM-BHQ (R = 0.803, b = 0.188, p = 0.002) and decreased BMI (R = 0.303, b = −0.165, p = -0.096). GM-BHQ also showed a stronger association with BMI than PA alone (R = 0.367, b = −0.313, p = 0.030). Path analysis revealed a potential mediating role of brain structure in the link between PA and BMI (indirect effect = 0.052, p = 0.030). These findings provide preliminary support for the hypothesis that brain health may be involved in the relationship between PA and obesity. Although the cross-sectional design limits causal interpretation, the observed associations point to a potential pathway for future longitudinal or intervention studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9302,"journal":{"name":"Brain Research Bulletin","volume":"230 ","pages":"Article 111471"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144682064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gut microbiota dysbiosis and disturbed tryptophan metabolism mediate cognitive impairment in mice with circadian rhythm disruption","authors":"Haiyue Song ,&nbsp;Huiliang Zhang ,&nbsp;Xuan Qin ,&nbsp;Yi Liu ,&nbsp;Yiwen Lai ,&nbsp;Wenqi Yang ,&nbsp;Lun Zhang ,&nbsp;Wenting Hu ,&nbsp;Xiaochuan Wang ,&nbsp;Ji Zeng ,&nbsp;Rong Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.brainresbull.2025.111473","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brainresbull.2025.111473","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Circadian rhythm disorder (CRD) is a risk factor for cognitive deficits, yet its mechanisms remain unclear. We previously found CRD model mice developed cognitive impairment mediated through gut microbiota disturbance, intestinal barrier damage, and microglia activation, but the signaling pathway was undefined. Here, we show CRD induces cognitive deficits and gut microbiota disturbance in mice. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) from CRD mice to normal mice reproduced intestinal barrier damage, microglia activation, neuronal damage, and cognitive deficits. Notably, gut metabolite analysis revealed significant alterations, with tryptophan metabolism being particularly affected: tryptophan decreased by 26.9 % and 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) by 30.7 % (both <em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Dietary tryptophan supplementation restored serum tryptophan and 5-HTP levels, ameliorating the neuronal damage and cognitive deficits caused by CRD gut microbiota. Collectively, these findings indicate that disturbances in gut microbiota and metabolites play a key role in CRD-induced neurological damage in mice, suggesting targeting the gut microbiota or tryptophan metabolism may prevent CRD-induced cognitive dysfunction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9302,"journal":{"name":"Brain Research Bulletin","volume":"229 ","pages":"Article 111473"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144679959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of autologous fecal microbiota transplantation on fear memory and anxiety abnormalities induced by single prolonged stress – Implication of gut-brain axis regulation","authors":"Yu-Yen Cheng ,&nbsp;Chen-Cheng Lin ,&nbsp;Che-Se Tung ,&nbsp;Cheng-Che Liu ,&nbsp;Yia-Ping Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.brainresbull.2025.111472","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brainresbull.2025.111472","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Increasing evidence suggests that alterations in the gut microbiota play a crucial role in the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders, including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This implies that restoring gut microbiota might serve as a therapeutic strategy, with autologous fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) being the most promising treatment due to its effectiveness and fewer pharmacological side effects. However, the hypothesis that adjusting gut microbiota may help to restore the impairment of fear memory is still less examined. To evaluate this hypothesis, we employed single prolonged stress (SPS) rat model to examine the impact of autologous FMT on PTSD-related fear memory extinction retention deficits and increased anxiety, and to investigate changes in the levels of gut microbiota, central monoamines, and plasma corticosterone. The correlations between gut microbiota and central serotonin (5-HT) with fear extinction retention deficits and anxiety were analyzed. Note that littermates were used in the gut microbiota analysis to minimize individual differences. Our results demonstrated that autologous FMT significantly ameliorated SPS-induced deficits in fear extinction retention and conditioned anxiety but did not mitigate unconditioned anxiety. These improvements were significantly correlated with the restoration of 5-HT levels in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), dorsal hippocampus (dHPC), and hypothalamus (HT). Autologous FMT also reversed SPS-induced reductions in plasma corticosterone level. Additionally, fecal microbiota analysis revealed significant changes at the genus level, with the relative abundance of the <em>Prevotellaceae Ga6A1 group</em> reduced after SPS, and <em>Intestinimonas</em> increased by FMT, as well as some taxa significantly correlated with fear extinction retention deficits. This study suggests that autologous FMT offers potential as a novel therapeutic strategy for PTSD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9302,"journal":{"name":"Brain Research Bulletin","volume":"229 ","pages":"Article 111472"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144673948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role and mechanisms of macrophages in chronic pain: A peripheral-to-central perspective","authors":"Jiao Liu ,&nbsp;Yeru Chen ,&nbsp;Gang Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.brainresbull.2025.111470","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brainresbull.2025.111470","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chronic pain is a worldwide health concern that profoundly impacts patients' quality of life and imposes a substantial economic burden on society. The development is influenced by intricate physiological mechanisms, notably the sensitization of peripheral nociceptors and central sensitization. Macrophages, essential immune cells, are pivotal in the onset and maintenance of chronic pain. This article analyzes the functions of macrophages in peripheral nociceptors, dorsal root ganglia (DRG), and the central nervous system (CNS), particularly in the spinal dorsal horn and brain. Research indicates that peripheral macrophages elevate nociceptor sensitivity via the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and PGE₂; in the DRG, macrophages amplify pain signaling by influencing neuronal excitability; within the (CNS), microglia and border-associated macrophages (BAM) perform unique functions in neuroinflammation and pain perception. Microglia enhance pain perception by facilitating central sensitization, whereas BAMs, located at the borders of the central nervous system, participate in neurovascular connections, immune control, and associated mechanisms. Despite considerable advancements, the precise functional roles of macrophages across many anatomical locations remain inadequately investigated and lack systematic comparison. Future study ought to concentrate on the geographically different processes of macrophages, specifically employing single-cell transcriptomics and other modern technologies to elucidate macrophage heterogeneity and its intricate role in chronic pain. An enhanced comprehension of these pathways may facilitate novel approaches for macrophage-targeted treatments in chronic pain management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9302,"journal":{"name":"Brain Research Bulletin","volume":"229 ","pages":"Article 111470"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144667127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitative study of changes in the hippocampus after whole-brain radiotherapy via multisequence magnetic resonance imaging radiomics","authors":"Rui Liu ,&nbsp;Guan-Zhong Gong ,&nbsp;Shan-Shan Du ,&nbsp;Kang-Ning Meng ,&nbsp;Ruo-Zheng Wang ,&nbsp;Yong Yin","doi":"10.1016/j.brainresbull.2025.111461","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brainresbull.2025.111461","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>Multisequence magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) radiomic features were used to analyze dynamic changes in the hippocampus after whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT), thus providing an objective basis for the early prediction of hippocampal radiation injury.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Seventy-five patients with brain metastases (BMs) who received WBRT underwent MRI scanning (including T1-weighted imaging [T1WI], contrast-enhanced [CE]-T1WI, T2-weighted imaging [T2WI], T2-weighted Fluid-Attenuated Inversion Recovery imaging [T2 FLAIR] and diffusion weighted imaging [DWI]) before WBRT (MRI_pre), after WBRT (MRI_post, 26.22 ± 13.05 days after the MRI_pre scan), and at follow-up WBRT (MRI_follow, 393.45 ± 210.33 days after the MRI_post scan). Radiomics features were subsequently extracted from delineations of the hippocampus on the different sequences. Changes in the hippocampal volume and radiomics features of the sequences were analyzed in the MRI_post and MRI_follow sequences relative to the MRI_pre sequences. The features were then organized as follows: (1) Group₁ features included those features that were significantly different among MRI_pre, MRI_post, and MRI_follow scans; and (2) Group₂ features included those features that were significantly different between MRI_pre and MRI_follow scans and between MRI_post and MRI_follow scans.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>(1) The average MRI_post and MRI_follow hippocampal volumes were 3.32 ± 0.49 cm³ and 2.95±0.45 cm³, respectively, which were 1.68 % and 12.51% lower than the MRI_pre volume (3.41 ± 0.49 cm³), respectively (p &lt; 0.05). (2) Radiomics analysis revealed that 88 features were significantly different (p &lt; 0.05) across the MRI_pre, MRI_post, and MRI_follow scans. The T2WI sequence contained the greatest number of significant features (n = 42). Among Group₁ features (n = 57), enrichment was observed in T2WI (n = 34) and T1WI (n = 22). The feature exhibiting the highest rate of change was GLCM-ClusterShade (range: 83.87–281.62 %). All 12 significant change features in CE-T1WI were observed in Group₂. Although the overall timing difference for T2 FLAIR was not significant (p = 0.064), DWI contained a single Group₂ feature (p = 0.032). Within Group₂, GLCM-ClusterTendency exhibited the largest rate of change (range: 37.16–51.27 %).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Compared with volume, multisequence MRI radiomics features more directly reflect dynamic microscopic hippocampal changes across MRI_pre, MRI_post, and MRI_follow time points. T2WI and T1WI captured early sustained radiomics alterations, whereas CE-T1WI refle","PeriodicalId":9302,"journal":{"name":"Brain Research Bulletin","volume":"229 ","pages":"Article 111461"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144658409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An approach to arousal disorder classification using deformable convolution and adaptive multiscale features in EEG signals","authors":"Andia Foroughi,&nbsp;Fardad Farokhi,&nbsp;Fereidoun Nowshiravan Rahatabad,&nbsp;Alireza Kashaninia","doi":"10.1016/j.brainresbull.2025.111468","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brainresbull.2025.111468","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Diagnosing sleep phases, arousal problems, and apnea episodes using Polysomnography (PSG) signals is often time-consuming. However, automated approaches have demonstrated promising results. Early detection of sleep disturbances can facilitate the diagnosis of neuropathologies before they progress. Given the significance of sleep events in diagnosing and treating sleep disorders, automated arousal disorder classification is increasingly crucial. Timely intervention for arousal disorders, if detected early, can potentially slow the progression of neuropathological illnesses such as Multiple System Atrophy (MSA), Parkinson's, and Alzheimer's disease. While PSG signals are sometimes necessary for clinical diagnoses, Electroencephalography (EEG) is often underutilized due to its labor-intensive nature. Automated methods for detecting, analyzing, and classifying arousal disorders offer significant benefits. In this research, we propose a novel method to classify arousal disorders from EEG data and extract post-classification diagnostic features. To our knowledge, this is the first instance of such categorization achieved using a deformable convergence network. Our proposed model, a hierarchical multiscale deformable attention module, excels at detecting complex and abnormal patterns in EEG data. We apply this model after segmenting EEG data into 30-second windows and generating spectrogram images. This study aims to evaluate our model's effectiveness in handling imbalanced classification and reducing false positive rates in arousal detection. We analyzed data from 994 participants in the 2018 PhysioNet Challenge study who experienced sleep-related micro- and macro-arousal events. Our method achieved an accuracy rate exceeding 96 %, outperforming other multi-scale channel attention modules. This approach enables future studies to objectively, efficiently, and precisely examine various arousal disorders. Additionally, we investigated the effect of multimodal signal fusion and observed that integrating EEG with ECG significantly enhances classification performance, highlighting the value of combining cortical and autonomic information in arousal disorder detection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9302,"journal":{"name":"Brain Research Bulletin","volume":"230 ","pages":"Article 111468"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144658407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}