Brain Research Bulletin最新文献

{"title":"Alterations of regional homogeneity and functional connectivity in different hoehn and yahr stages of Parkinson's disease","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.brainresbull.2024.111110","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brainresbull.2024.111110","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>Using regional homogeneity (ReHo) and functional connectivity (FC) to assess alterations in brain function and their potential relation to different Hoehn and Yahr (H&amp;Y) stages in Parkinson's disease (PD).</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>66 patients with PD and 57 age- and sex-matched healthy control (HC) participants were recruited. All subjects underwent clinical assessments and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) scanning. We analyzed alterations in regional brain activity using ReHo analyses in all subjects and further explored their relationship to disease severity. Finally, the brain region significantly associated with disease severity was used as a seed point to analyze the FC changes between it and other brain regions in the whole brain.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Compared with HC participants, PD patients showed a significant decrease ReHo in the sensorimotor network (bilateral precentral and postcentral gyrus). The ReHo value of the left precentral gyrus in PD patients decreased with increasing H&amp;Y stage and correlated negatively with Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) III scores. Further, FC analysis of the left precentral gyrus as a region of interest showed that functional activity between the left precentral gyrus and sensorimotor network, default network, and visual network was decreased.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The left precentral gyrus plays an important role in the pathophysiological mechanisms of PD patients, and this finding further highlights the potential of the primary motor cortex (M1) as a non-invasive therapeutic target for neuromodulation in PD patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9302,"journal":{"name":"Brain Research Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142563997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of clozapine on immune-related biomarkers in schizophrenia patients","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.brainresbull.2024.111104","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brainresbull.2024.111104","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Globally, schizophrenia is one of the main causes of disability. Approximately 1 % of the general population suffers from schizophrenia, and 30 % of cases are unresponsive to therapy. Clozapine is the gold standard for therapy-resistant schizophrenia (TRS), yet it has limited effectiveness and serious adverse events in some patients. Because of the possibility of severe neutropenia, clozapine administration requires monthly hematological monitoring in the first four months. Previous investigations have demonstrated the immune system alteration after clozapine treatment in schizophrenia patients. Besides, it has been proposed that clozapine changes the cytokines profile in schizophrenia patients. These findings highlighted the need to learn more about the disease's etiology and investigate the relationship between peripheral immune system markers and clozapine response to support strategies for better treatment outcomes. The time decision-making to start clozapine could be significantly decreased if some biomarkers were developed to assist physicians in anticipating whether a particular patient will respond to the medication. Therefore, this study aimed to comprehensively review the effect of clozapine on immune-related biomarkers in schizophrenia patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9302,"journal":{"name":"Brain Research Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142458537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of asymmetrical abnormalities in functional connectivity and brain network topology for migraine sufferers: A preliminary study based on resting-state fMRI data","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.brainresbull.2024.111109","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brainresbull.2024.111109","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Research on the neural mechanisms underlying brain asymmetry in patients with migraine patients using fMRI is insufficient. This study proposed using lateralized algorithms for functional connectivity and brain network topology and investigated changes in their lateralization in patients with migraine. In study 1, laterality indices of functional connectivity (LFunctionCorr) and brain network topological properties (LBetweennessCentrality, LDegree, and LStrength) were defined. Differences between migraineurs and normal subjects were compared at whole-brain, half-brain, and region levels. In study 2, laterality indices were used to classify migraine and were validated using independent samples and the segment method for repeatability. In study 3, abnormal brain regions related to migraine were extracted based on the classification results and differences analysis. Study 1 found no significant differences related to in for migraine at the whole-brain level; however, significant differences were identified at the half-brain level for the hemispheric lateralization of the LFunctionCorr, while 11 significantly different brain regions were also identified at the brain region level. Furthermore, the classification accuracy in study 2 was 0.9366. With repeated validation, the accuracy reached 0.8561. Furthermore, after extending the samples according to the segmentation strategy, the classification accuracies were improved to 0.9408 and 0.8585. Study 3 identified 10 crucial brain regions with asymmetrical specificity based on laterality indices distributed across the visual network, the frontoparietal control network, the default mode network, the salience/ventral attention network and the limbic system. The results revealed novel insights and avenues for research into the mechanisms of migraine asymmetry and showed that the laterality indices could be used as a potential diagnostic imaging marker for migraine.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9302,"journal":{"name":"Brain Research Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142564020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EEG microstate in people with different degrees of fear of heights during virtual high-altitude exposure","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.brainresbull.2024.111112","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brainresbull.2024.111112","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Previous neuroimaging studies based on electroencephalography (EEG) microstate analysis have identified abnormal neural electric activity in patients with psychiatric diseases. However, the microstate information in individuals with different degrees of fear of heights (FoH) remains unknown so far. The aim of the study was therefore to explore the changes of EEG microstate characteristics in different FoH individuals when exposed to high-altitude stimulated by virtual reality (VR). First, acrophobia questionnaire (AQ) before the experiment and 32-channel EEG signals under the virtual high-altitude exposure were collected from 69 subjects. Second, each subject was divided into one of three levels of FoH including no-FoH, mild or moderate FoH (m-FoH) and severe FoH (s-FoH) groups according to their AQ scores. Third, using microstate analysis, we transformed EEG data into sequences of characteristic topographic maps and computed EEG microstate features including microstate basic parameters, microstate sequences complexity and microstate energy. Finally, the extracted features as inputs were sent to train and test an support vector machine (SVM) for classifying different FoH groups. The results demonstrated that five types of microstates (labeled as A, B, C, D and F) were identified across all subjects, of which microstates A-D resembled the four typical microstate classes and microstate F was a non-canonical microstate. Significantly decreased occurrence, coverage and duration of microstate F and transition probabilities from other microstates to microstate F in m-FoH and s-FoH groups were observed compared to no-FoH group. It was also demonstrated that both m-FoH and s-FoH groups showed a notable reduction in sample entropy and Lempel-Ziv complexity. Moreover, energies of microstate D for m-FoH group and microstate B for s-FoH group in right parietal, parietooccipital and occipital regions exhibited prominent decreases as comparison to people without FoH. But, no significant differences were found between m-FoH and s-FoH groups. Additionally, the results indicated that AQ-anxiety scores were negatively correlated with microstate basic metrics as well as microstate energy. For classification, the performance of SVM reached a relatively high accuracy of 89 % for distinguishing no-FoH from m-FoH. In summary, the findings highlight the alterations of EEG microstates in people with fear of heights induced by virtual high-altitude, reflecting potentially underlying abnormalities in the allocation of neural assemblies. Therefore, the combination of EEG microstate analysis and VR may be a potential valuable approach for the diagnosis of fear of heights.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9302,"journal":{"name":"Brain Research Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142564012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to \"Correlations among serum alpha-(1,6)-fucosyltransferase and early symptoms associated with Parkinson's disease: A cross-sectional retrospective study\" [Brain Res. Bull. 212 (2024) 110959].","authors":"Qi-Rong Wang, Xue Yu, Yang Li, Ming-Zhen Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.brainresbull.2024.111099","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brainresbull.2024.111099","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9302,"journal":{"name":"Brain Research Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142406152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ablation of NAMPT in dopaminergic neurons leads to neurodegeneration and induces Parkinson’s disease in mouse","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.brainresbull.2024.111114","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brainresbull.2024.111114","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) is the key enzyme in the salvaging synthesize pathway of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD). The neuroprotective roles of NAMPT on neurodegeneration have been explored in aging brain and Alzheimer’s Disease. However, its roles in Parkinson’s Disease (PD) remain to be elucidated. We found that the dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra expressed higher levels of NAMPT than the other types of neurons. Using conditional knockout of the <em>Nampt</em> gene in dopaminergic neurons and utilizing a NAMPT inhibitor in the substantia nigra of mice, we found that the NAMPT deficiency triggered the time-dependent loss of dopaminergic neurons, the impairment of the dopamine nigrostriatal pathway, and the development of PD-like motor dysfunction. In the rotenone-induced PD mouse model, nicotinamide ribose (NR), a precursor of NAD, rescued the loss of dopaminergic neurons, the impairment of dopamine nigrostriatal pathway, and mitigated PD-like motor dysfunction. In SH-SY5Y cells, NAD suppression induced the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial impairment, and cell death, which was reversed by N-acetyl cysteine, an antioxidant and ROS scavenger. Rotenone decreased NAD level, induced the accumulation of ROS and the impairment of mitochondria, which was reversed by NR. In summary, our findings show that the ablation of NAMPT in dopaminergic neurons leads to neurodegeneration and contributes to the development of PD. The NAD precursors have the potential to protect the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons, and offering a therapeutic approach for the treatment of PD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9302,"journal":{"name":"Brain Research Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142567590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field (50 Hz) can establish a new “set-point” for the activity of the locus coeruleus–noradrenergic (LC-NA) system in rat","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.brainresbull.2024.111111","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brainresbull.2024.111111","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Exposure of organisms to extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF; 50 Hz) has been increasing in recent decades, which is connected with dynamic technological development. ELF-EMF is considered a stress factor and its effects on organisms are still being investigated. We aimed to determine its impact on the locus coeruleus–noradrenergic (LC-NA) system enabling adaptation to stressful conditions. For this purpose, we exposed rats to 50 Hz ELF-EMF of 1 and 7 mT, 1 h/day for 7 days. The procedure was repeated three times to examine the organism's adaptive capabilities. Subsequently, the concentration of adrenaline, noradrenaline and its metabolite MHPG as well as the expression of the β2-adrenergic receptor was assessed. After the end of each exposure, part of the animals were subjected to a behavioural test to assess the influence of repeated ELF-EMF exposure on stress response to subsequent stress factors. Our research proved that mechanisms underlying the effects of ELF-EMF on stress response include the LC-NA system. ELF-EMF of 1 mT induced adaptive changes in the NA-LC system. However, exposure to 7 mT caused increased activity of the stress system which resulted in sensitization to subsequent, heterotypic (different from the one previously acting) stress factor. As ELF-EMF of 7 mT caused a profound decrease in β2-AR level would strongly inhibit the potential for neuroplastic processes in the hippocampus. Moreover, rats exposed to ELF-EMF of 7 mT showed moderately increased anxiety-related behaviour. Disturbances in NA-LC transmission may underlie the development of some neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases which indicates the possible involvement of ELF-EMF in the pathogenesis of these disorders.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9302,"journal":{"name":"Brain Research Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142564038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cognitive dysfunction induced by cranial radiotherapy: mechanisms and therapeutic methods","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.brainresbull.2024.111106","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brainresbull.2024.111106","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cranial radiotherapy can damage normal brain tissues, inducing cognitive dysfunction in patients. Radiotherapy-induced cognitive dysfunction is associated with hippocampal injury, white matter damage and microvascular injury. In this study, the mechanisms of cognitive dysfunction induced by cranial radiotherapy and combined chemoradiotherapy are reviewed, and the advances in therapeutic methods for radiotherapy-induced brain injury are summarized. The mechanisms of radiotherapy-induced brain injury include a decline of neurogenesis, impairment of neurons and glial cells, vascular injury, oxidative stress and DNA damage, cell death, and inflammatory response. Disruption of the blood<img>brain barrier (BBB) increases the exposure of the brain to chemotherapeutic agents, thus exacerbating radiotherapy-induced brain damage. The current methods used to prevent radiotherapy-induced brain injury mainly include precision radiotherapy, stem cell transplantation, and treatment with neuroprotective drugs. The combined application of precision radiotherapy and neuroprotective drugs, including antioxidants, anti-inflammatory agents and other drugs, might exert better neuroprotective effects. To resolve the issues of neuroprotective drugs, such as difficulty in crossing the BBB, nanoenzymes and drug delivery nano-systems could be applied in the future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9302,"journal":{"name":"Brain Research Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142495539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuroprotective effects of Daphnetin on hippocampal neurons and blood-brain barrier integrity in a mouse model of cerebral ischemia","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.brainresbull.2024.111103","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brainresbull.2024.111103","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The purpose of this research was to assess the impact of different doses of Daphnetin (DAP, a natural compound derived from coumarin) on hippocampus neuronal injury, neurobehavioral function, blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity, expression of claudin-5, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and inflammatory markers in a mouse model of cerebral ischemia. Cerebral ischemia was induced in mice through 30 minutes of bilateral common carotid occlusion (BCCAO), followed by 48 hours of reperfusion. The viability of hippocampal neurons was assessed using Cresyl violet staining and BBB function was determined by measuring Evans blue (E.B) dye leakage. Spatial memory was tested using the Radial Arm Water Maze (RAWM) task. Claudin-5 and BDNF were measured by immunofluorescence, while SOD, interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) expression were determined through western blotting. Administering DAP significantly increased neuron survival in the hippocampus CA1, CA3, and dentate gyrus (DG) regions and improved spatial memory dose-dependently (P&lt;0.0001). Treatment with DAP (40 mg/kg IP) significantly reduced E.B leakage and brain water content (P&lt;0.001). Furthermore, it increased the claudin-5, BDNF, and SOD levels and diminished NF-κB and IL-1β expression (P&lt;0.0001). The research found that DAP protected neurons in the CA1, CA3, and DG areas of the hippocampus, enhanced behavioral functions, and preserved BBB integrity in a cerebral ischemia model. This positive impact is achieved by increasing the expression of claudin-5, BDNF, and SOD and diminishing neuroinflammation. Further research is required to clarify the mechanisms and possible clinical uses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9302,"journal":{"name":"Brain Research Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142495542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Orexin A protects against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by enhancing reperfusion in ischemic cortex via HIF-1α-ET-1/eNOS pathway","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.brainresbull.2024.111105","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brainresbull.2024.111105","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective effect and underlying mechanism of orexin A on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury, specifically through vasodilation mediated by the hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α)-Endothelin-1(ET-1)/endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) pathway. A model of middle cerebral artery occlusion was established in both wild-type SD rats with exogenous orexin A intervention and in orexin A transgenic rats. Neurological deficit scores and cerebral infarction areas were assessed, and ischemic cortical blood flow was monitored. Gene and protein expression levels of HIF-1α, HIF-2α, ET-1, and three types of NOS were detected using real-time RT-qPCR and Western blot analysis, respectively. Additionally, nitric oxide (NO) levels in the cortex were analyzed through biochemical detection methods. Orexin A demonstrated a protective effect by reducing cerebral infarction and improving neurological deficits, which was achieved by increasing cortical blood flow during reperfusion. This protective mechanism was associated with upregulated HIF-1α expression, downregulated ET-1 expression, upregulated eNOS expression, and increased NO production. This study demonstrates the protective effect of orexin A on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury, achieved by regulating the release of vasomotor substances to enhance cortical blood flow during reperfusion. These findings suggest that orexin A may represent a potential therapeutic strategy for ischemic stroke.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9302,"journal":{"name":"Brain Research Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142495543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}