Brain Research Bulletin最新文献

{"title":"The effects and mechanisms of far-infrared ray on depression-like behavior induced by CRS in mice","authors":"Yian Ling ,&nbsp;Yejun Gao ,&nbsp;Wanbin Liu ,&nbsp;Jing Li ,&nbsp;Lijuan Nie ,&nbsp;Cuizhen Zhu ,&nbsp;Qingrong Xia","doi":"10.1016/j.brainresbull.2025.111348","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brainresbull.2025.111348","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>Far-infrared ray (FIR) is an electromagnetic wave known to impart health benefits against various pathophysiological conditions, including diabetes mellitus, renocardiovascular disorders, stress, and depression, among others. However, the precise impact of FIR on major depressive disorder (MDD) and the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we aimed to investigate the effects and elucidate the molecular mechanisms of FIR on depression-like behavior in mice.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A mouse model of depression was established using chronic restraint stress (CRS). Behavioral tests were performed to assess alterations in depression-like behaviors. Biochemical methods were employed to measure the levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, S100β, IL-17, melatonin (MT), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and corticosterone (CORT) in mice serum. Similarly, the levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, S100β, IL-17, and MT in mice brains were measured using biochemical methods. Hematoxylin-eosin and Nissl staining were utilized to detect morphological changes in the mice hippocampus. In addition, the structure and mitochondrial morphology of hippocampal neurons and microglia were studied using transmission electron microscopy (TEM).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The results of behavioral tests revealed that FIR mitigated the depression-like behaviors induced by CRS. FIR also reversed the levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and related cytokines in the periphery and brain. The results of hematoxylin-eosin and Nissl staining showed that FIR improved the damage of mice's hippocampus. Additionally, TEM revealed that FIR alleviated the damage of CRS to hippocampal neurons and microglia.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Our findings suggest that FIR can ameliorate depression-like behavior induced by CRS in mice. FIR can reverse the levels of related cytokines in the periphery and brain, and alleviate damage to neurons and microglia, which may constitute its underlying molecular mechanism.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9302,"journal":{"name":"Brain Research Bulletin","volume":"225 ","pages":"Article 111348"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143843264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glutamatergic dysfunction in neurodegenerative diseases focusing on Parkinson's disease: Role of glutamate modulators","authors":"Najlaa Hamed Almohmadi ,&nbsp;Hayder M. Al-kuraishy ,&nbsp;Ali I. Al-Gareeb ,&nbsp;Ali K. Albuhadily ,&nbsp;Ahmed M. Abdelaziz ,&nbsp;Majid S. Jabir ,&nbsp;Athanasios Alexiou ,&nbsp;Marios Papadakis ,&nbsp;Gaber El-Saber Batiha","doi":"10.1016/j.brainresbull.2025.111349","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brainresbull.2025.111349","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Parkinson's disease (PD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder resulting from the degeneration of dopamenergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). Research has predominantly centered on understanding the dysfunction of dopaminergic neurotransmission in PD. Recently, more studies discussed the potential role of other neurotransmitters in PD neuropathology. One of the most important non-dopaminergic neurotransmitters involved in the pathogenesis of PD is glutamate, which is widely involved in glutamatergic neurotransmission in different brain regions, including SNpc. The development and progression of PD neuropathology and levodopa-induced dyskinesias (LID) are associated with glutamate neurotoxicity. Therefore, this review seeks to explore the possible involvement of glutamatergic signaling in PD development and assess the therapeutic potential of glutamate receptor antagonists in treating the disorder.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9302,"journal":{"name":"Brain Research Bulletin","volume":"225 ","pages":"Article 111349"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143850080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmacological inhibition of Kv1.3 channel reduces sevoflurane-induced cognitive impairment through NLRP3-dependent microglial modulation","authors":"Bowen Li ,&nbsp;Ying Gao ,&nbsp;Huiyue Han ,&nbsp;Zhu Wang ,&nbsp;Yang Zhang ,&nbsp;Li Yu ,&nbsp;Yunzhi Ling","doi":"10.1016/j.brainresbull.2025.111351","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brainresbull.2025.111351","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sevoflurane anesthesia is frequently linked to cognitive dysfunction in elderly individuals, with neuroinflammation, particularly microglial activation, playing a critical role in this pathology. Although the potassium channel Kv1.3 has been shown to regulate microglial activation, its involvement in sevoflurane-induced cognitive dysfunction remains poorly understood. In this study, cognitive dysfunction was induced in 17-month-old C57BL/6J mice by exposing them to 3 % sevoflurane for 5 h. Kv1.3 expression and cellular distribution were analyzed using RT-qPCR, Western blot, and immunofluorescence. To investigate the mechanisms underlying this process, mice were pretreated with the selective Kv1.3 inhibitor 5-(4-phenoxybutoxy)psoralen (PAP-1) or the NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor MCC950 prior to sevoflurane exposure. Behavioral tests, hematoxylin-eosin (H&amp;E) staining, nissl staining, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, Western blot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were performed for further assessment. Sevoflurane exposure led to a significant increase in Kv1.3 expression, which was strongly correlated with cognitive impairments and neuronal damage. Pharmacological inhibition of Kv1.3 with PAP-1 alleviated learning and memory deficits, reduced neuronal damage, and inhibited microglial activation. PAP-1 treatment also promoted the transition of microglia from a pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype to an anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype and suppressed NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Furthermore, the NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor MCC950 also reduced microglial activation and phenotypic shift following sevoflurane exposure. These results suggest that Kv1.3 channel play a critical role in sevoflurane-induced cognitive dysfunction in aged mice through NLRP3-dependent microglial modulation. Targeting Kv1.3 could provide a potential therapeutic strategy for alleviating postoperative cognitive dysfunction associated with sevoflurane anesthesia.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9302,"journal":{"name":"Brain Research Bulletin","volume":"225 ","pages":"Article 111351"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143854769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring neural changes associated with suicidal ideation and attempts in major depressive disorder: A multimodal study","authors":"Juan Deng ,&nbsp;Maomao Zhang ,&nbsp;Guangxiang Chen ,&nbsp;Xiaofei Lu ,&nbsp;Xiaotong Cheng ,&nbsp;Cheng Qin ,&nbsp;Mingyuan Tian ,&nbsp;Ke Gong ,&nbsp;Kezhi Liu ,&nbsp;Jing Chen ,&nbsp;Wei Lei","doi":"10.1016/j.brainresbull.2025.111336","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brainresbull.2025.111336","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Suicidal ideation (SI) and suicide attempts (SA) are highly prevalent in individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD). To explore the structural and functional neural changes associated with SI and SA, we analyzed multimodal Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) data from 159 participants, including those with MDD with suicide attempts (SA group, n = 34), those with MDD with suicidal ideation but not attempts (SI group, n = 53), those with MDD without suicidal ideation (NSI group, n = 14), and healthy controls (HC, n = 59). Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) analysis was performed to estimate and compare gray matter volume (GMV) across groups. Subsequently, a seed-based resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) analysis was conducted to explore the functional networks associated with the structural brain changes related to suicidal ideation and suicide attempts. Compared with the HC and NSI groups, the SI group showed decreased GMV in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), insula, fusiform gyrus, right posterior cerebellum, and right middle temporal gyrus. Additionally, when compared to the HC and SI groups, the SA group demonstrated smaller GMV in the right superior medial frontal gyrus (SFGmed), left superior and inferior occipital gyri, and superior temporal gyrus (STG), and right cuneus, but larger GMV in the right STG. Moreover, GMV in the insula, cerebellum posterior lobe, and SFGmed was negatively correlated with the scores of the Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation (BSSI). The rsFC analysis revealed weaker rsFC between the left insula and the left SFG as well as between the bilateral middle frontal orbital gyrus and the right SFGmed and the left middle occipital gyrus, but stronger rsFC of the right cerebellum posterior lobe with the left precentral gyrus and right parahippocampal gyrus among the SI group compared to the NSI group and HCs. Additionally, the SA group demonstrated weaker rsFC between the right cerebellum posterior lobe and the left cerebellum posterior lobe as well as the right lingual gyrus, but stronger rsFC between the right SFGmed and the left middle temporal gyrus and right inferior parietal lobule compared to the SI group. Our results indicate that structural and functional changes related to insula, DLPFC and cerebellum posterior lobe are associated with the generation and escalation of SI in MDD, while the structural and functional changes related to SFGmed and STG play a crucial role in the transformation from SI to SA in MDD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9302,"journal":{"name":"Brain Research Bulletin","volume":"225 ","pages":"Article 111336"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143833464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fiber connectivity density in subcortical stroke patients with behavioral dysexecutive symptoms","authors":"Lisha Wang ,&nbsp;Lin Shi ,&nbsp;Edward S. Hui ,&nbsp;Yan Liang ,&nbsp;Wai-Kwong Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.brainresbull.2025.111315","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brainresbull.2025.111315","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Subcortical stroke induces widespread connectivity changes between cortical and subcortical regions, which may underpin the ensuing behavioral dysexecutive symptoms. This study therefore investigated the cortical structural connectivity that were related to behavioral dysexecutive symptoms using fiber connectivity density (FiCD) mapping, an approach which combines white matter (WM) fiber tractography and cortex reconstruction. The relationships between cortical structural connectivity of significant clusters and its corresponding cortical thickness (CT), and clinical variables were also evaluated based on region-of-interest analysis. Sixty-four subcortical stroke patients with high-resolution T1-weighted imaging and diffusion tensor imaging were enrolled and the behavioral dysexecutive symptoms were assessed using the dysexecutive questionnaire. The FiCD of the left superior parietal gyrus was positively associated with cognitive executive processing (CTT1 time, <em>r</em> = 0.570, <em>p</em> = 0.047; CVFT total correct, <em>r</em> = 0.582, <em>p</em> = 0.047; CVFT total response, <em>r</em> = 0.605, <em>p</em> = 0.040). Similary, the FiCD of the right superior parietal gyrus was also positively associated with cognitive executive processing, (CTT1 time, <em>r</em> = 0.639, <em>p</em> = 0.034). Conversely, negative correlations were observed between the FiCD and CT of the right (<em>r</em> = -0.612 <em>p</em> = 0.045) superior parietal gyrus.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9302,"journal":{"name":"Brain Research Bulletin","volume":"225 ","pages":"Article 111315"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143860115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of cerebellar repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on stroke rehabilitation: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Xin Wang ,&nbsp;Guilan Huang ,&nbsp;Daoran Wang ,&nbsp;Lu Sun ,&nbsp;Haobo Leng ,&nbsp;Kai Zheng ,&nbsp;Xinlei Xu ,&nbsp;Guofu Zhang ,&nbsp;Caili Ren","doi":"10.1016/j.brainresbull.2025.111341","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brainresbull.2025.111341","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Cerebellum has been a emerging target for non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) on post-stroke patients in recent years. While research is emerging on the impact of cerebellar repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on post-stroke patients, and its integrated effect remain unclear.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The objective of this review is to evaluate the efficacy of cerebellar rTMS on stroke rehabilitation.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases from inception to 31 March 2024 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and case studies reporting effects of cerebellar rTMS on patients with stroke.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>This review included 18 studies (n = 638 participants), consisting of 14 RCTs and 4 case reports. A total of 6 studies focused on post-stroke dysphagia, while 12 studies investigated post-stroke motor dysfunction. Comparative analysis between treatment and control groups revealed statistically significant improvements in swallowing function, as measured by the Fiberoptic Endoscopic Dysphagia Severity Scale (FEDSS) (P = 0.02), the Penetration Aspiration Scale (PAS) (P &lt; 0.001), and the Standardised Swallowing Assessment (SSA) (P &lt; 0.001). Moreover, cerebellar rTMS treatment showed significant enhancements in balance abilities and activity of daily living among stroke patients, as indicated by significant increases in the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) (P = 0.003) and the Barthel Index (BI) (P = 0.04) compared to the control group.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Existing evidence suggests that cerebellar rTMS holds promise in mitigating post-stroke swallowing dysfunction and motor dysfunction. Stimulation by cerebellar rTMS appears to be an efficacious technique for enhancing stroke rehabilitation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9302,"journal":{"name":"Brain Research Bulletin","volume":"225 ","pages":"Article 111341"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143828096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serum exosomal hsa-miR-142–5p, hsa-miR-1908–5p, and hsa-miR-450b–5p as candidate biomarkers for recurrent depressive disorder diagnosis and ECT treatment response: A preliminary investigation","authors":"Meng Liu ,&nbsp;Ke Fang ,&nbsp;Xiao-Rui Wang ,&nbsp;Kun Wang ,&nbsp;Li-Hong Zhang ,&nbsp;Man-Yun He ,&nbsp;Yan-Yan Xu ,&nbsp;Yuan Wu ,&nbsp;Jin-Fang Ge","doi":"10.1016/j.brainresbull.2025.111345","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brainresbull.2025.111345","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>This study investigated the differential expression of serum exosomal miRNAs in female patients with recurrent depressive disorder (RDD) before and after non-convulsive electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), aiming to explore potential diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>Serum samples were collected from three groups: healthy female volunteers aged 30–50, female patients with RDD prior to ECT, and female patients post-ECT who had achieved remission. Exosomes were isolated from serum, identified through transmission electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking analysis, and Western blot analysis of exosomal markers. Total RNA was extracted from exosomes, and miRNA sequencing was conducted to identify differentially expressed miRNAs. Gene target prediction, Gene Ontology, and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses were also performed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>miRNA sequencing revealed significant differences in exosomal miRNA profiles among the three groups. Compared to controls, 69 miRNAs were upregulated and 98 downregulated in the model group, while the recovery group showed 41 upregulated and 51 downregulated miRNAs compared to the model group. Furthermore, the recovery group exhibited 35 upregulated and 59 downregulated miRNAs compared to controls. Analysis identified hsa-miR-142–5p, hsa-miR-1908–5p, and hsa-miR-450b-5p as potential biomarkers for RDD diagnosis and ECT treatment response, with functional roles likely related to inflammation, neurotransmission, and synaptic plasticity.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Serum exosomal miRNAs, particularly hsa-miR-142–5p, hsa-miR-1908–5p, and hsa-miR-450b-5p, emerged as promising candidates for further investigation as biomarkers for RDD diagnosis and treatment monitoring. Larger, multi-center studies are warranted to validate these findings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9302,"journal":{"name":"Brain Research Bulletin","volume":"225 ","pages":"Article 111345"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143828095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"BTX-A inhibited trigeminal neuralgia by blocking the NLRP3 pathway in rats","authors":"Se-Kyung Park ,&nbsp;Jo-Young Son ,&nbsp;Yu-Mi Kim,&nbsp;Jin-Sook Ju,&nbsp;Dong-Kuk Ahn","doi":"10.1016/j.brainresbull.2025.111344","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brainresbull.2025.111344","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Few studies have examined the mechanisms underlying the development of trigeminal neuralgia involving the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain, leucine-rich repeat, and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3). The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the role of NLRP3 in the antinociceptive effects of botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) in trigeminal neuralgia. We used a trigeminal neuralgia animal model induced by injecting 1-acyl-2-lyso-sn-glycero-3-phosphate (LPA) into the trigeminal nerve root of rats. Rats treated with LPA showed a significant increase in the expression of NLRP3 in the trigeminal ganglion 9 days after LPA injection. Furthermore, the levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-18, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α increased on postoperative day 9. Subcutaneous administration of BTX-A (3 U/kg) in the vibrissa pad resulted in a significant attenuation of mechanical allodynia, and the antiallodynic effects lasted for 7 days. The upregulated NLRP3 expression in the trigeminal ganglion was suppressed 2 days after the injection of BTX-A. Moreover, the BTX-A injection significantly reduced the concentrations of IL-1β, IL-18, and TNF-α in the trigeminal ganglion. Intraganglionic injection of an NLRP3 inhibitor blocked mechanical allodynia and attenuated the upregulated cytokine concentrations in the LPA-treated rats. These results indicate that BTX-A induces its antinociceptive effects in the LPA-induced trigeminal neuralgia animal model by attenuating the NLRP3-cytokine pathway in the trigeminal ganglion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9302,"journal":{"name":"Brain Research Bulletin","volume":"225 ","pages":"Article 111344"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143839794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lycium barbarum polysaccharide ameliorates corticosterone-induced cognition decline with modulation of CRHR1","authors":"Xiao-Xiao Shi ,&nbsp;Xiao-Feng Tian ,&nbsp;Bin He ,&nbsp;Su-Na Liu ,&nbsp;Cui-Ge Shi ,&nbsp;Ying Shi ,&nbsp;Yi-Shu Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.brainresbull.2025.111346","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brainresbull.2025.111346","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP) has anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidation and anti-aging properties, but the mechanism of LBP on stress-induced cognitive dysfunction caused by elevated GC level is still unclear.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the mechanism of LBP on corticosterone-injected（CORT-injected） cognitive impairment.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The rat model was induced by corticosterone in vivo. Water maze test and HE staining were used to observe the effect of LBP on cognitive function and brain morphology in CORT-injected rats. RT-qPCR, Western blot, and immunofluorescence were used to detect the expression of proteins. SH-SY5Y cells were treated with CORT and D-gal in vitro, respectively. The effect of LBP on cell proliferation was observed, and western blotting was detected in the protein expressions.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In this study, LBP treatment ameliorated CORT-induced learning and cognitive function and protected hypothalamic and hippocampal neurons from injury in vivo. In addition, LBP reduced plasma corticosterone concentrations in CORT-injected rats. The results also indicated that LBP enhanced the expression of synapsis-related proteins PSD95 and SYN by up-regulating the expression of CRHR1 and RGS2 in the hippocampus and hypothalamus of the model group. Meanwhile, we confirmed that LBP enhanced CORT - and D-Gal-induced proliferation of SH-SY5Y cells in vitro, and further verified the expression changes of CRHR1, RGS2, and synapse-related proteins.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study demonstrates that LBP ameliorated CORT-induced cognition decline by regulating CRHR1. Therefore, LBP may represent a potential drug for the prevention of cognition dysfunction in patients caused by increased GCs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9302,"journal":{"name":"Brain Research Bulletin","volume":"225 ","pages":"Article 111346"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143829099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acipimox mitigates depression like behavior following high fat rich diet in rats","authors":"Natasha Manzoor ,&nbsp;Noreen Samad ,&nbsp;Saima Khaliq ,&nbsp;Bakar Bin Khatab Abbasi ,&nbsp;Saara Ahmad ,&nbsp;Ali Irfan ,&nbsp;Mohammad Raish ,&nbsp;Yousef A. Bin Jardan","doi":"10.1016/j.brainresbull.2025.111342","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brainresbull.2025.111342","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Acipimox (ACPX), a niacin derivative, has demonstrated antioxidant activity <em>In vitro</em> and <em>In vivo;</em> however, it has not been widely used in treating neurological problems. The present study examined the effects of Acipimox on body weight, dietary intake, depressive symptoms, oxide-neuroinflammation, 5-HT metabolism, and 5-HT1A receptor expression in hypothalamus of rats. Forty eight (n = 8) male albino rats were randomly divided into six groups (i) Vehicle (Veh)+ normal diet (ND) (ii) ND + ACPX (25 mg/mL/kg; low dose) (iii) ND+ ACPX (50 mg/mL/kg; high dose) (iv) Veh +High fat rich diet (HFRD) (v) HFRD+ACPX (25 mg/mL/kg; low dose (vi) HFRD+ACPX (50 mg/mL/kg; high dose). Animals were given their respective treatment for 8 weeks. After that, behavioral tests i.e. tail suspension test (TST) and forced swim test (FST) performed for depression-like behavior assessment. Animals were decapitated and the hypothalamus was isolated from the brain for biochemical and neurochemical analysis. Results showed that, HFRD induced depression like behavior and increased body weight and food intake was prevented by repeated administration of ACPX (both doses). HFRD induced increased oxido-neuroinflammation, altered serotonin metabolism and serotonin-1A receptor relative expression in the hypothalamus were regulated by ACPX (both doses). In conclusion, HFRD-induced behavioral deficits (depression like behavior) mitigated by ACPX through its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuromodulatory properties. It is recommended that use of ACPX could be helpful for HFRD-induced behavioral impairment i.e. depression.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9302,"journal":{"name":"Brain Research Bulletin","volume":"225 ","pages":"Article 111342"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143829094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}