{"title":"Limited accountability and awareness of corporate emissions target outcomes","authors":"Xiaoyan Jiang, Shawn Kim, Shirley Lu","doi":"10.1038/s41558-024-02236-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-024-02236-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Firms are increasingly announcing targets to reduce their carbon emissions, but it is unclear whether firms are held accountable for these targets. Here we examine emissions targets that ended in 2020 to investigate the final target outcomes, the transparency of target outcomes and potential consequences for missed emissions targets. A total of 1,041 firms had emissions targets ending in 2020, of which 88 (9%) failed and 320 (31%) disappeared. We find limited accountability and low awareness of the target outcomes. Only three of the failed firms are covered by the media. After a firm fails its 2020 emissions target, we do not observe significant market reaction, changes in media sentiment, environmental scores and environment-related shareholder proposals. In contrast, initial announcements of these 2020 emissions targets are rewarded with significant improvements in media sentiment and environmental scores. Our findings raise concerns for the accountability of emissions targets ending in 2030 and 2050.</p>","PeriodicalId":18974,"journal":{"name":"Nature Climate Change","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":30.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142991013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Empty promises for emissions targets","authors":"Dragon Tang, Jiahang Zhang","doi":"10.1038/s41558-024-02239-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-024-02239-0","url":null,"abstract":"Accountability serves as an adhesive that binds commitment to results. Now, a study on corporate carbon emissions targets reveals that firms hold limited accountability to their targets, with little public backlash against missed targets.","PeriodicalId":18974,"journal":{"name":"Nature Climate Change","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":30.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142991012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anna-Maria Virkkala, Brendan M. Rogers, Jennifer D. Watts, Kyle A. Arndt, Stefano Potter, Isabel Wargowsky, Edward A. G. Schuur, Craig R. See, Marguerite Mauritz, Julia Boike, M. Syndonia Bret-Harte, Eleanor J. Burke, Arden Burrell, Namyi Chae, Abhishek Chatterjee, Frederic Chevallier, Torben R. Christensen, Roisin Commane, Han Dolman, Colin W. Edgar, Bo Elberling, Craig A. Emmerton, Eugenie S. Euskirchen, Liang Feng, Mathias Göckede, Achim Grelle, Manuel Helbig, David Holl, Järvi Järveoja, Sergey V. Karsanaev, Hideki Kobayashi, Lars Kutzbach, Junjie Liu, Ingrid T. Luijkx, Efrén López-Blanco, Kyle Lunneberg, Ivan Mammarella, Maija E. Marushchak, Mikhail Mastepanov, Yojiro Matsuura, Trofim C. Maximov, Lutz Merbold, Gesa Meyer, Mats B. Nilsson, Yosuke Niwa, Walter Oechel, Paul I. Palmer, Sang-Jong Park, Frans-Jan W. Parmentier, Matthias Peichl, Wouter Peters, Roman Petrov, William Quinton, Christian Rödenbeck, Torsten Sachs, Christopher Schulze, Oliver Sonnentag, Vincent L. St. Louis, Eeva-Stiina Tuittila, Masahito Ueyama, Andrej Varlagin, Donatella Zona, Susan M. Natali
{"title":"Wildfires offset the increasing but spatially heterogeneous Arctic–boreal CO2 uptake","authors":"Anna-Maria Virkkala, Brendan M. Rogers, Jennifer D. Watts, Kyle A. Arndt, Stefano Potter, Isabel Wargowsky, Edward A. G. Schuur, Craig R. See, Marguerite Mauritz, Julia Boike, M. Syndonia Bret-Harte, Eleanor J. Burke, Arden Burrell, Namyi Chae, Abhishek Chatterjee, Frederic Chevallier, Torben R. Christensen, Roisin Commane, Han Dolman, Colin W. Edgar, Bo Elberling, Craig A. Emmerton, Eugenie S. Euskirchen, Liang Feng, Mathias Göckede, Achim Grelle, Manuel Helbig, David Holl, Järvi Järveoja, Sergey V. Karsanaev, Hideki Kobayashi, Lars Kutzbach, Junjie Liu, Ingrid T. Luijkx, Efrén López-Blanco, Kyle Lunneberg, Ivan Mammarella, Maija E. Marushchak, Mikhail Mastepanov, Yojiro Matsuura, Trofim C. Maximov, Lutz Merbold, Gesa Meyer, Mats B. Nilsson, Yosuke Niwa, Walter Oechel, Paul I. Palmer, Sang-Jong Park, Frans-Jan W. Parmentier, Matthias Peichl, Wouter Peters, Roman Petrov, William Quinton, Christian Rödenbeck, Torsten Sachs, Christopher Schulze, Oliver Sonnentag, Vincent L. St. Louis, Eeva-Stiina Tuittila, Masahito Ueyama, Andrej Varlagin, Donatella Zona, Susan M. Natali","doi":"10.1038/s41558-024-02234-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-024-02234-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Arctic–Boreal Zone is rapidly warming, impacting its large soil carbon stocks. Here we use a new compilation of terrestrial ecosystem CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes, geospatial datasets and random forest models to show that although the Arctic–Boreal Zone was overall an increasing terrestrial CO<sub>2</sub> sink from 2001 to 2020 (mean ± standard deviation in net ecosystem exchange, −548 ± 140 Tg C yr<sup>−1</sup>; trend, −14 Tg C yr<sup>−1</sup>; <i>P</i> < 0.001), more than 30% of the region was a net CO<sub>2</sub> source. Tundra regions may have already started to function on average as CO<sub>2</sub> sources, demonstrating a shift in carbon dynamics. When fire emissions are factored in, the increasing Arctic–Boreal Zone sink is no longer statistically significant (budget, −319 ± 140 Tg C yr<sup>−1</sup>; trend, −9 Tg C yr<sup>−1</sup>), and the permafrost region becomes CO<sub>2</sub> neutral (budget, −24 ± 123 Tg C yr<sup>−1</sup>; trend, −3 Tg C yr<sup>−1</sup>), underscoring the importance of fire in this region.</p>","PeriodicalId":18974,"journal":{"name":"Nature Climate Change","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":30.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142991014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carlos M. Duarte, Antonio Delgado-Huertas, Elisa Marti, Beat Gasser, Isidro San Martin, Alexandra Cousteau, Fritz Neumeyer, Megan Reilly-Cayten, Joshua Boyce, Tomohiro Kuwae, Masakazu Hori, Toshihiro Miyajima, Nichole N. Price, Suzanne Arnold, Aurora M. Ricart, Simon Davis, Noumie Surugau, Al-Jeria Abdul, Jiaping Wu, Xi Xiao, Ik Kyo Chung, Chang Geun Choi, Calvyn F. A. Sondak, Hatim Albasri, Dorte Krause-Jensen, Annette Bruhn, Teis Boderskov, Kasper Hancke, Jon Funderud, Ana R. Borrero-Santiago, Fred Pascal, Paul Joanne, Lanto Ranivoarivelo, William T. Collins, Jennifer Clark, Juan Fermin Gutierrez, Ricardo Riquelme, Marcela Avila, Peter I. Macreadie, Pere Masque
{"title":"Carbon burial in sediments below seaweed farms matches that of Blue Carbon habitats","authors":"Carlos M. Duarte, Antonio Delgado-Huertas, Elisa Marti, Beat Gasser, Isidro San Martin, Alexandra Cousteau, Fritz Neumeyer, Megan Reilly-Cayten, Joshua Boyce, Tomohiro Kuwae, Masakazu Hori, Toshihiro Miyajima, Nichole N. Price, Suzanne Arnold, Aurora M. Ricart, Simon Davis, Noumie Surugau, Al-Jeria Abdul, Jiaping Wu, Xi Xiao, Ik Kyo Chung, Chang Geun Choi, Calvyn F. A. Sondak, Hatim Albasri, Dorte Krause-Jensen, Annette Bruhn, Teis Boderskov, Kasper Hancke, Jon Funderud, Ana R. Borrero-Santiago, Fred Pascal, Paul Joanne, Lanto Ranivoarivelo, William T. Collins, Jennifer Clark, Juan Fermin Gutierrez, Ricardo Riquelme, Marcela Avila, Peter I. Macreadie, Pere Masque","doi":"10.1038/s41558-024-02238-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-024-02238-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Seaweed farming has emerged as a potential Blue Carbon strategy, yet empirical estimates of carbon burial from such farms remain lacking in the literature. Here, we quantify carbon burial in 20 seaweed farms distributed globally, ranging from 2 to 300 years in operation and from 1 to 15,000 ha in size. The thickness of sediment layers and stocks of organic carbon accumulated below the farms increased with farm age, reaching 140 tC ha<sup>−1</sup> for the oldest farm. Organic carbon burial rates averaged 1.87 ± 0.73 tCO<sub>2</sub>e ha<sup>−1</sup> yr<sup>−1</sup> in farm sediments, twice that in reference sediments. The excess CO<sub>2</sub>e burial attributable to the seaweed farms averaged 1.06 ± 0.74 CO<sub>2</sub>e ha<sup>−1</sup> yr<sup>−1</sup>, confirming that seaweed farming in depositional environments buries carbon in the underlying sediments at rates towards the low range of that of Blue Carbon habitats, but increasing with farm age.</p>","PeriodicalId":18974,"journal":{"name":"Nature Climate Change","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":30.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142987620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Katherine M. Nigro, Kristen Pelz, Monique E. Rocca, Miranda D. Redmond
{"title":"Trailing edge contractions common in interior western US trees under varying disturbances","authors":"Katherine M. Nigro, Kristen Pelz, Monique E. Rocca, Miranda D. Redmond","doi":"10.1038/s41558-024-02235-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-024-02235-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p>As climate warms, trees are expected to track their ideal climate, referred to as ‘range shifts’; however, lags in tree range shifts are currently common. Disturbance events that kill trees may help catalyse tree migrations by removing biotic competition, but can also limit regeneration by eliminating seed sources, and it is unknown whether disturbance will facilitate or inhibit tree migrations in the face of climate change. Here we use national forest inventory data to show that seedlings of 15 dominant tree species in the interior western United States occupy historically cooler areas than mature trees, as expected with climate warming. However, the climatic differences between adults and seedlings are the result of widespread regeneration failures in the hottest portions of species’ ranges. Disturbances did not uniformly catalyse climatic range shifts; differences were species- and disturbance-specific. Assisted migration programmes may thus be needed to help trees adapt their ranges to climate change.</p>","PeriodicalId":18974,"journal":{"name":"Nature Climate Change","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":30.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142934806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Laurent Oziel, Özgür Gürses, Sinhué Torres-Valdés, Clara J. M. Hoppe, Björn Rost, Onur Karakuş, Christopher Danek, Boris P. Koch, Cara Nissen, Nikolay Koldunov, Qiang Wang, Christoph Völker, Morten Iversen, Bennet Juhls, Judith Hauck
{"title":"Climate change and terrigenous inputs decrease the efficiency of the future Arctic Ocean’s biological carbon pump","authors":"Laurent Oziel, Özgür Gürses, Sinhué Torres-Valdés, Clara J. M. Hoppe, Björn Rost, Onur Karakuş, Christopher Danek, Boris P. Koch, Cara Nissen, Nikolay Koldunov, Qiang Wang, Christoph Völker, Morten Iversen, Bennet Juhls, Judith Hauck","doi":"10.1038/s41558-024-02233-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-024-02233-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Arctic experiences climate changes that are among the fastest in the world and affect all Earth system components. Despite expected increase in terrigenous inputs to the Arctic Ocean, their impacts on biogeochemical cycles are currently largely neglected in IPCC-like models. Here we used a state-of-the-art high-resolution ocean biogeochemistry model that includes carbon and nutrient inputs from rivers and coastal erosion to produce twenty-first-century pan-Arctic projections. Surprisingly, even with an anticipated rise in primary production across a wide range of emission scenarios, our findings indicate that climate change will lead to a counterintuitive 40% reduction in the efficiency of the Arctic’s biological carbon pump by 2100, to which terrigenous inputs contribute 10%. Terrigenous inputs will also drive intense coastal CO<sub>2</sub> outgassing, reducing the Arctic Ocean’s carbon sink by at least 10% (33 TgC yr<sup>−1</sup>). These unexpected reinforced feedback, mostly due to accelerated remineralization rates, lower the Arctic Ocean’s capacity for sequestering carbon.</p>","PeriodicalId":18974,"journal":{"name":"Nature Climate Change","volume":"82 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":30.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142929428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Climate change is projected to drive renewed spongy moth attacks on North American forests","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/s41558-024-02206-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-024-02206-9","url":null,"abstract":"For almost 30 years, an insect fungal disease has repressed defoliation caused by the spongy moth in North American hardwood forests. The fungus needs cool, moist weather, but computer models project that the effects of climate change will prevent the fungus from killing spongy moths, which could lead to a resurgence of this devastating forest pest.","PeriodicalId":18974,"journal":{"name":"Nature Climate Change","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":30.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142929484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Smoother sailing for Arctic ice","authors":"Ted Maksym","doi":"10.1038/s41558-024-02225-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41558-024-02225-6","url":null,"abstract":"As Arctic sea ice thinned, it was thought that a weaker, more dynamic ice cover might become more heavily deformed and ridged. Now, analysis of three decades of airborne observations shows instead that the Arctic ice cover has smoothed.","PeriodicalId":18974,"journal":{"name":"Nature Climate Change","volume":"15 1","pages":"18-19"},"PeriodicalIF":29.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142929457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thomas Krumpen, Luisa von Albedyll, H. Jakob Bünger, Giulia Castellani, Jörg Hartmann, Veit Helm, Stefan Hendricks, Nils Hutter, Jack C. Landy, Simeon Lisovski, Christof Lüpkes, Jan Rohde, Mira Suhrhoff, Christian Haas
{"title":"Smoother sea ice with fewer pressure ridges in a more dynamic Arctic","authors":"Thomas Krumpen, Luisa von Albedyll, H. Jakob Bünger, Giulia Castellani, Jörg Hartmann, Veit Helm, Stefan Hendricks, Nils Hutter, Jack C. Landy, Simeon Lisovski, Christof Lüpkes, Jan Rohde, Mira Suhrhoff, Christian Haas","doi":"10.1038/s41558-024-02199-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41558-024-02199-5","url":null,"abstract":"Pressure ridges, formed by sea ice deformation, affect momentum transfer in the Arctic Ocean and support a larger biomass than the surrounding-level ice. Although trends in Arctic sea ice thickness and concentration are well documented, changes in ridge morphology remain unclear. This study provides airborne-based evidence of a shift towards a smoother ice surface, with fewer pressure ridges and reduced surface drag, attributed to the loss of old ice. Furthermore, an increase in seasonal ice cover enhances overall deformation in the Arctic and acts as a negative feedback mechanism on pan-Arctic ridge morphology: the greater the proportion of seasonal ice, the higher the pan-Arctic mean ridge rate, dampening an overall decline in ridges with age. While thinner and less frequent ridges benefit industries such as shipping, these changes are likely to have profound impacts on the energy and mass balance and the ecosystem of the Arctic Ocean. Pressure ridges, a characteristic feature of Arctic sea ice, play an important role in the ecosystem but pose challenges to shipping. Here the authors use aircraft measurements to document a decline in both the frequency and height of these pressure ridges in recent decades.","PeriodicalId":18974,"journal":{"name":"Nature Climate Change","volume":"15 1","pages":"66-72"},"PeriodicalIF":29.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41558-024-02199-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142929789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jiawei Liu, Colin Kyle, Jiali Wang, Rao Kotamarthi, William Koval, Vanja Dukic, Greg Dwyer
{"title":"Climate change drives reduced biocontrol of the invasive spongy moth","authors":"Jiawei Liu, Colin Kyle, Jiali Wang, Rao Kotamarthi, William Koval, Vanja Dukic, Greg Dwyer","doi":"10.1038/s41558-024-02204-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-024-02204-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The effects of climate change on forest-defoliating insects are poorly understood, but could severely reduce forest productivity, biodiversity and timber production. For decades following its introduction in 1869, the spongy moth (<i>Lymantria dispar</i>) severely defoliated North American forests, but the introduction of the fungal pathogen <i>Entomophaga maimaiga</i> in 1989 suppressed spongy moth defoliation for 27 years. <i>E. maimaiga</i>, however, needs cool, moist conditions, whereas climate change is bringing hot, dry conditions to the range of the insect. Here we use an empirically verified eco-climate model to project that climate change will sharply reduce <i>E. maimaiga</i> infection rates, thereby increasing spongy moth defoliation. Recent rebounds in defoliation are consistent with our projections. Our work demonstrates that the effects of climate change on species interactions can have important consequences for natural ecosystems.</p>","PeriodicalId":18974,"journal":{"name":"Nature Climate Change","volume":"203 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":30.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142929657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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