International journal of disaster risk reduction最新文献

Low-GWP flammable refrigerants and fire risk: The importance of leakage-induced vs reaction-influenced scenarios

IF 4.2 1区地球科学

International journal of disaster risk reduction Pub Date : 2025-04-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2025.105453

Rocco di Filippo , Gianluca Maracchini , Daniel Colbourne , Rosa Di Maggio , Oreste S. Bursi

{"title":"Low-GWP flammable refrigerants and fire risk: The importance of leakage-induced vs reaction-influenced scenarios","authors":"Rocco di Filippo , Gianluca Maracchini , Daniel Colbourne , Rosa Di Maggio , Oreste S. Bursi","doi":"10.1016/j.ijdrr.2025.105453","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijdrr.2025.105453","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>HFCs became the predominant refrigerant type after the Montreal Protocol ban on CFCs and HCFCs due to ozone depletion characteristics. Whilst HFCs do not affect the ozone layer, they have significant global warming potential. Thus, the Kigali Amendment established a global phase-down of high-GWP HFCs. Low-GWP alternatives for applications in residential environments include hydrocarbons, HCs, such as R290, propane. The HCs present, however, higher flammability characteristics. Hence, international standards limit their allowable charge in residential applications. In 2022 these standards eased certain limits focusing on leakage control within closed spaces. Leakage of flammable refrigerants has been considered the primary fire hazard in research and regulations on this topic. Conversely, the reaction of components filled with refrigerants to an independent fire has not received the same attention, despite their key role in the energy transition. This study reviews the current research on the fire risk of flammable refrigerants and the relevant regulatory approach. The review and the analysis of relevant empirical evidence from past accidents highlight the importance of fire reaction compared to leakage hazards. The yearly probability of a leaked refrigerant ignition is seven orders of magnitude less likely than an independent fire. The heat release rate from components engulfed in fire is not negligible and refrigerants can increase it. Data show that external refrigerant units may support fires on building façades and involve combustible thermal insulation. Finally, novel event trees for quantitative fire risk assessment and possible mitigation measures are provided.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13915,"journal":{"name":"International journal of disaster risk reduction","volume":"122 ","pages":"Article 105453"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143820960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A data-driven framework for an efficient block-level coastal flood risk assessment

IF 4.2 1区地球科学

International journal of disaster risk reduction Pub Date : 2025-04-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2025.105478

Farnaz Yarveysi , Keighobad Jafarzadegan , Shrabani S. Tripathy , Hamed Moftakhari , Hamid Moradkhani

{"title":"A data-driven framework for an efficient block-level coastal flood risk assessment","authors":"Farnaz Yarveysi , Keighobad Jafarzadegan , Shrabani S. Tripathy , Hamed Moftakhari , Hamid Moradkhani","doi":"10.1016/j.ijdrr.2025.105478","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijdrr.2025.105478","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The escalating global frequency and severity of disasters highlight the need for regional to national risk assessments, necessary for risk-informed decision-making. The susceptibility of the Gulf Coast of the United States to flooding underscores the urgency of this need. Here, we introduce a framework for fine-scale (i.e. block-level) flood risk assessment in low-lying coastal regions prone to compound hazards that systematically addresses limitations in existing approaches. Focused on reducing subjectivity and enhancing spatial resolution down to the block level, our proposed framework integrates hydroclimatic, geomorphological, socio-economic, and infrastructure variables, and incorporates indicators including land use, soil type, elevation, and demographic data to ensure a comprehensive evaluation of flood vulnerability. Additionally, we capture the multidimensional nature of compounding hazards by accounting for both precipitation probability and storm surge height in our analysis. To minimize subjectivity in determining the contribution of various risk indicators, a supervised machine-learning algorithm classifies flood risk levels based on reported damages since 2006. The results highlight that 60 % of the studied Gulf Coast blocks face high to very high flood risk, necessitating proactive risk management. Such high-resolution risk factorization could provide insights for informed decision-making in emergency responses, land use planning, and resilience assessment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13915,"journal":{"name":"International journal of disaster risk reduction","volume":"122 ","pages":"Article 105478"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143815623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Earthquake vulnerability assessment of non-engineered URM residential buildings

IF 4.2 1区地球科学

International journal of disaster risk reduction Pub Date : 2025-04-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2025.105476

Alejandro Cruz , Nicola Chieffo , Shaghayegh Karimzadeh , Albert Ortiz , Eimar Sandoval , Paulo B. Lourenço

{"title":"Earthquake vulnerability assessment of non-engineered URM residential buildings","authors":"Alejandro Cruz , Nicola Chieffo , Shaghayegh Karimzadeh , Albert Ortiz , Eimar Sandoval , Paulo B. Lourenço","doi":"10.1016/j.ijdrr.2025.105476","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijdrr.2025.105476","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In many developing countries, unreinforced masonry (URM) buildings are often constructed without following established engineering practices, increasing the risk in seismically active areas. It is therefore imperative to develop a practical and cost-effective method for assessing the seismic vulnerability of these types of residential structures. This study focuses on the development of an approach to assess the seismic vulnerability of non-engineered URM residential buildings in earthquake-prone urban areas. The methodology modifies the macroseismic vulnerability method by using existing fragility curves to simulate local damage scenarios. In addition, it incorporates multi-criteria decision making techniques, namely: (i) the Analytical Hierarchy Process; and, (ii) the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution. These MCDM techniques are used to weigh key structural parameters and develop a comprehensive vulnerability index. Applied to developing countries, this approach provides a detailed vulnerability assessment and simulates various damage scenarios. The results confirm the robustness of the proposed methodology and highlight its potential for wider application in places with similar URM building stock and seismic context.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13915,"journal":{"name":"International journal of disaster risk reduction","volume":"122 ","pages":"Article 105476"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143820959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Road network accessibility assessment during flood events by using infrastructure facility-based indices

IF 4.2 1区地球科学

International journal of disaster risk reduction Pub Date : 2025-04-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2025.105475

Lambros Mitropoulos, Christos Karolemeas, Stefanos Tsigdinos

{"title":"Road network accessibility assessment during flood events by using infrastructure facility-based indices","authors":"Lambros Mitropoulos, Christos Karolemeas, Stefanos Tsigdinos","doi":"10.1016/j.ijdrr.2025.105475","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijdrr.2025.105475","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increase in flood events due to climate change leads to significant loss of connectivity and heightens the vulnerability of several areas, disrupting infrastructure and isolating communities. Therefore, there is a need for methods and tools to assess accessibility and enable timely action to mitigate the impacts. This research aims to develop a model to assess accessibility to infrastructure facilities during flood scenarios of varying severity, using data from hydrological models, road networks, and Geographic Information System (GIS) analysis. The model evaluates three infrastructure facilities types: resources (e.g., pharmacies), equipment (e.g., fire departments), and health facilities (e.g., hospitals), by developing and using two indices to support local decision-making during floods. The method is applied in the transboundary Axios River at north Greece. The results highlight significant accessibility reduction to infrastructure facilities at different spatial levels and particularly in specific settlements and municipalities under moderate to extreme flood events.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13915,"journal":{"name":"International journal of disaster risk reduction","volume":"122 ","pages":"Article 105475"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143820956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The relationship between sociotechnical vulnerability and coastal erosion in rural Alaska

IF 4.2 1区地球科学

International journal of disaster risk reduction Pub Date : 2025-04-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2025.105466

Meredith J. Brown , Kasey Faust , Paola Passalacqua , Leif Albertson

{"title":"The relationship between sociotechnical vulnerability and coastal erosion in rural Alaska","authors":"Meredith J. Brown , Kasey Faust , Paola Passalacqua , Leif Albertson","doi":"10.1016/j.ijdrr.2025.105466","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijdrr.2025.105466","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Arctic Alaska is warming quickly, resulting in the disruption of water-ice patterns, permafrost destabilization, and severe weather. As such, coastlines erode at increasing rates, compromising vulnerable communities’ infrastructure systems. However, despite the intersection of vulnerability and erosion, disaster literature typically focuses on this intersection in acute, rather than chronic (i.e., erosion), disaster contexts. Here, a natural disaster is defined as a severe disruption of the functioning of a community due to hazards interacting with exposure, vulnerability, and capacity, leading to significant losses and impacts (human, economic, etc.). As a result, the correlation between vulnerability and erosion in rural Alaska is largely unknown, limiting the effectiveness of disaster planning. This study identifies the sociotechnical components of vulnerability most strongly correlated with the presence of erosion. Equipped with LANDSAT imagery and a machine learning approach, we quantify erosion in 44 coastal Alaska communities from 2005 to 2020. We employ Kendall Tau-<em>b</em> correlation to quantify the correlation between coastal erosion and sociotechnical data from the 2020 American Community Survey. Results demonstrate that erosion here is correlated with: (1) percent of the population that is Alaska Native, (2) the percent of the population that is 65 and older, and (3) the percent of total housing units built between 1940 and 1949. Policy suggestions include incorporation local input and Indigenous knowledge into adaptation activity and disaster response, as well as dedicated resources to support the elderly population in chronic disaster scenarios.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13915,"journal":{"name":"International journal of disaster risk reduction","volume":"122 ","pages":"Article 105466"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143824324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An earthquake rapid warning system for railway bridges

IF 4.2 1区地球科学

International journal of disaster risk reduction Pub Date : 2025-04-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2025.105473

I. Nuzzo , C. Riascos , E. Chioccarelli , D. Losanno , N. Caterino , A. Occhiuzzi

{"title":"An earthquake rapid warning system for railway bridges","authors":"I. Nuzzo , C. Riascos , E. Chioccarelli , D. Losanno , N. Caterino , A. Occhiuzzi","doi":"10.1016/j.ijdrr.2025.105473","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijdrr.2025.105473","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In Italy, railway networks are highly spread and often connect densely populated urban centers and historical cities more effectively than road networks, playing a key role in everyday economic and social life. However, the whole Italian territory is prone to seismic hazard and the seismic risk of Italian critical infrastructures, such as railway networks, is of increasing research interest. The seismic risk of railway networks can be efficiently reduced through emergency management strategies that leverage earthquake warning systems to reduce the social and economic losses induced by the seismic events. Alternative methodologies and applications of warning systems exist, and one of the main differences is the length of the time window in which the warning is issued. In an earthquake early warning system, alerts are issued before the damaging seismic waves reach the protected site. Conversely, rapid warning systems conduct damage estimations immediately after the earthquake occurs to mitigate potential subsequent losses associated with unsafe network operation or unnecessary service interruption. This study develops a railway rapid warning system which is applied to a case study viaduct managed by the Ente Autonomo Volturno (EAV) agency, in southern Italy. Particular attention is dedicated to the decisional stage of the warning protocol that involves an economic-loss minimization strategy based on a multi-cost analysis, which accounts for the urban context and includes the structural damages and the environmental consequences. The system, implemented as a prototype, is able to inform about the viaduct state by updating a dedicated web page, and/or sending e-mail and SMS. The provided information includes the estimation of the damage level induced by an earthquake, and the identification of the seismic risk mitigation actions to be activated.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13915,"journal":{"name":"International journal of disaster risk reduction","volume":"122 ","pages":"Article 105473"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143823855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Risk mitigation: Numerical analysis of COVID-19's impact on major global construction economies

IF 4.2 1区地球科学

International journal of disaster risk reduction Pub Date : 2025-04-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2025.105471

V.E.G. Vilchis , S.J. Antony , S. Munjal

{"title":"Risk mitigation: Numerical analysis of COVID-19's impact on major global construction economies","authors":"V.E.G. Vilchis , S.J. Antony , S. Munjal","doi":"10.1016/j.ijdrr.2025.105471","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijdrr.2025.105471","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Learning from the past is a key risk mitigation strategy, as it involves analysing previous experiences to identify mistakes or successes. By understanding these lessons, organisations can take proactive measures to address potential risks in the future, minimising both their likelihood and impact. By using high-performance computing, this study combines economic and pandemic predictors to enhance the understanding, modelling and quantification of disaster risks within major global construction industries during COVID-19. By systematically identifying key variables and developing a robust risk index through predictive modelling and empirical validations, the research presents the relative risk index for managing crisis responses and resilience strategies at global and continental levels. The framework used here aligns with the globally recognised disaster risk management initiatives, such as the Sendai Framework, and leverages real-time data and automation to facilitate proactive, data-driven decision-making in the face of global crises. Using the Arellano test specification, the study identified 10 significant explanatory variables pertaining to the productivity of the construction industry. FDI, share prices and total spending had positive regression coefficients. An increment in such explanatory variables is beneficial for the productivity of the construction industry. The analysis of the causal effect found that employment rate, inflation, pandemic growth, reproduction number R and the transmission rate had a negative link with the construction industry productivity. This study remarks that when excluding statistically independent pandemic variables, the model did not obtain valid regressors, emphasising the importance of accounting for both the economic and pandemic data for the causal effect detections.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13915,"journal":{"name":"International journal of disaster risk reduction","volume":"122 ","pages":"Article 105471"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143815624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Characteristics and adaptive structure of urban flood governance network: the 'July 20th′ flooding event in Zhengzhou, China

IF 4.2 1区地球科学

International journal of disaster risk reduction Pub Date : 2025-04-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2025.105465

Dandan Wang , Gaofeng Liu , Huimin Wang , Jing Huang , Yixin Wang

{"title":"Characteristics and adaptive structure of urban flood governance network: the 'July 20th′ flooding event in Zhengzhou, China","authors":"Dandan Wang , Gaofeng Liu , Huimin Wang , Jing Huang , Yixin Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijdrr.2025.105465","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijdrr.2025.105465","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With urbanization, the complexity and uncertainty of flood disasters have grown, rendering traditional emergency management approaches insufficient to fulfill expectations. There is an urgent need for creative governance models that improve emergency capabilities and governance effectiveness. This research investigates a novel adaptive governance model for urban flood management that combines Complex Adaptive System (CAS) theory with Social Network Analysis (SNA). The goal is to optimize the emergency organizational structure, increasing the adaptability of emergency reactions. Conducted using the SNA, this study examines the density and centrality of urban flood disaster governance network, as well as the importance of actors and how they can play a role. The Exponential Random Graph Model (ERGM) is used to simulate the urban flood adaptive network, illustrating how network endogeneity and interaction promote the generation of adaptive networks. A study is conducted on the 'July 20th′ flooding event in Zhengzhou to uncover the flexible adjustment trend and adaptive governance process. The results show that endogeneity and interactivity both influence the establishment of adaptive networks. Networks with significant endogeneity and high interactivity are more likely to build tight collaborative links and enable information flow, increasing the network's adaptive capability. Based on these findings, the study advocates the formation of network committees or collaborative alliances to optimize actor participation and assist cities in developing effective adaptive organizational response models. This study offers suggestions for clarifying organizational collaboration ties within emergency networks and strengthening adaptive linkage mechanisms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13915,"journal":{"name":"International journal of disaster risk reduction","volume":"122 ","pages":"Article 105465"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143815622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Stakeholder compound flood hazard communication and decision making in Mobile, AL

IF 4.2 1区地球科学

International journal of disaster risk reduction Pub Date : 2025-04-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2025.105469

Evan Cass , Ce’Ne Harris , Wanyun Shao , Elissa Yeates , Hamid Moradkhani , Jessica Lyons

{"title":"Stakeholder compound flood hazard communication and decision making in Mobile, AL","authors":"Evan Cass , Ce’Ne Harris , Wanyun Shao , Elissa Yeates , Hamid Moradkhani , Jessica Lyons","doi":"10.1016/j.ijdrr.2025.105469","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijdrr.2025.105469","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Coastal communities along the United States Gulf Coast experience elevated vulnerability to compound flooding from hurricane and other flood events. Effective mitigation of compound flood hazards is essential to prevent harm to coastal residents and infrastructure, which can be difficult for cities facing increased coastal hazard risk intensity alongside rapidly increasing populations and development. It is critical for these cities to identify successful strategies employed by other coastal communities so that they can apply them to their own mitigation projects and plans. In this study, we construct a framework for compound flooding preparation, mitigation, and recovery from focus groups including public and private expert stakeholders involved in coastal hazard mitigation and recovery. The focus groups identified effective communication, planning, and management of the public as the three main responsibilities that coastal expert stakeholders are tasked with to ensure successful flood hazard mitigation. In addition, notable challenges were identified that should be considered in the event of a major coastal hazard event. This study includes limitations to the variety of stakeholders involved, as municipal planners and elected officials in the study area were not able to be recruited for the focus groups. In addition, the findings are highly contextualized by the geographic location of the focus group participants in Mobile, AL. Nonetheless, this framework can be applied in other coastal communities to improve communication and collaboration and aid in the development of new plans for communities at risk for compound flooding along the US Gulf Coast in the future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13915,"journal":{"name":"International journal of disaster risk reduction","volume":"122 ","pages":"Article 105469"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143815620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Decoding health-related disasters through sociodemographic characteristics: Does Arab cultural context matter? Lessons from COVID-19

IF 4.2 1区地球科学

International journal of disaster risk reduction Pub Date : 2025-04-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2025.105468

Mohammad Suleiman Awwad

{"title":"Decoding health-related disasters through sociodemographic characteristics: Does Arab cultural context matter? Lessons from COVID-19","authors":"Mohammad Suleiman Awwad","doi":"10.1016/j.ijdrr.2025.105468","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijdrr.2025.105468","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed to investigate the relationship between sociodemographic characteristics and psychological distress within the context of the Arab culture, specifically Jordan, during the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. A cross-sectional survey was conducted to assess the stress levels among Jordanian citizens in rural and urban areas. This study revealed interesting findings. In accordance with the literature, females experienced higher stress levels than males, and higher education led to less stress. However, contrary to the literature, unmarried individuals experience less stress, higher income does not lead to less stress, younger age groups experience higher stress, and unemployed individuals experience higher stress than employed individuals do. There was no significant difference in stress levels between urban and rural areas. This study demonstrated the significant role of cultural context in the mechanics of the relationship between demographic and social characteristics and psychological distress by challenging dominant perspectives, especially in foreign cultures compared with Arab cultures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13915,"journal":{"name":"International journal of disaster risk reduction","volume":"122 ","pages":"Article 105468"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143791214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0