Periodico Di Mineralogia最新文献

{"title":"Effect of Binary Basicity (CaO/SiO2) on Selective Reduction of Lateritic Nickel Ore","authors":"F. Nurjaman, Khulud Saekhan, F. Bahfie, W. Astuti, B. Suharno","doi":"10.13133/2239-1002/17045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13133/2239-1002/17045","url":null,"abstract":"Selective reduction methods are being developed to process lateritic nickel ore to produce nickel with high content with low temperature or energy consumption. This research was carried out to study the effect of binary basicity (CaO/SiO 2 ) in the lateritic nickel ore's selective reduction process. The lateritic nickel ore with 1.38% Ni and 38.2% Fe content was used in this study. The reduction was conducted at 1150°C for 60 minutes in a muffle furnace with 10 wt.% additives of sodium sulfate, bituminous coal as reductant, and calcium oxide addition to modify its binary basicity. The results showed that the nickel grades generates from the 0,1 basicity due to the breakage of magnesium, iron, and nickel silicate into metallic iron and nickel. However, the next increase of basicities decreased the nickel grade due to the formation of a high melting point compound. lateritic nickel ore, selective reduction, binary basicity, reductant, additive.","PeriodicalId":20006,"journal":{"name":"Periodico Di Mineralogia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49453208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Calamine of the Bergamasque Alps as a possible source of zinc for Roman brass: Theoretical considerations and preliminary results","authors":"S. Merkel","doi":"10.13133/2239-1002/16993","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13133/2239-1002/16993","url":null,"abstract":"The origins of brass are obscure and begin long before the Romans, however, it was the Romans who brought this gold-coloured alloy of copper and zinc from obscurity and placed it at the forefront of monetary policy and military power. Under the Romans, brass was produced on a scale never seen before, but until now there is little clarity on where brass was made and where they obtained zinc ore. Studies in the past focused on potential sources in Germany, but the lack of investigation on Italian sources represents a significant research gap. The major zinc source in Northern Italy (Gorno Pb-Zn district) could be the source mentioned by Pliny the Elder and may have played a major role in the Roman brass industry. Recent surveys around the area of Dossena, in the Gorno Pb-Zn district, have brought to light substantial traces of pre-modern calamine mining of unknown age. This study presents results from the mineralogical and geochemical characterisation of calamine ore from the Dossena area. A theoretical discussion on the sourcing of Roman brass through chemical and lead isotope analysis is provided along with a case study comparing analyses of brass with zinc ore sources. While the currently available lead isotope dataset on brass alloys is not ideal for exploring this issue, the lead isotope analyses confirm that the calamine from Dossena could have been used by the Romans for brass making and suggestions for future research are provided.","PeriodicalId":20006,"journal":{"name":"Periodico Di Mineralogia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42738317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reply to Deevsalar and Shinjo (2020) comments on \"Petrogenesis of gabbroic rocks from the Malayer plutonic complex, Sanandaj-Sirjan zone, west Iran)\" (Esna-Ashari and Tiepolo, PERIODICO di MINERALOGIA (89) 91-104, 2020)","authors":"A. Esna-Ashari","doi":"10.13133/2239-1002/17099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13133/2239-1002/17099","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20006,"journal":{"name":"Periodico Di Mineralogia","volume":"90 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42694934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Micro-Raman spectroscopy of selected Mo minerals from Su Seinargiu (Sardinia, Italy)","authors":"D. Mauro, C. Biagioni, P. Orlandi","doi":"10.13133/2239-1002/16940","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13133/2239-1002/16940","url":null,"abstract":"Raman spectra of selected molybdenum minerals, represented both by bismuth-molybdenum oxides (sardignaite, gelosaite, and mambertiite) and by molybdates [tancaite-(Ce), ichnusaite, nuragheite, and suseinargiuite] from the Su Seinargiu Mo-Bi prospect (Sardinia, Italy) are reported. Raman spectra were collected using samples previously characterized through X-ray diffraction and electron-microprobe analyses. Bismuth-molybdenum oxides are mainly characterized by bands in the range between 300 and 1000 cm -1 , related to stretching modes of Mo–O and to Bi–O bonds. Broad bands related to O–H stretching modes were observed in the range between 3000 and 4000 cm -1 . Raman spectra of molybdates are characterized by the four fundamental modes of MoO 4 groups occurring between 250 and 1000 cm -1 . Additionally, bending and stretching bands related to O–H bonds were observed. Micro-Raman spectroscopy may usually be an efficient tool for the discrimination of these rare phases, with some exceptions discussed in the text.","PeriodicalId":20006,"journal":{"name":"Periodico Di Mineralogia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47087980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of recently discovered common green opals from Anosy (Madagascar)","authors":"F. Caucia, L. Marinoni, M. Gilio, Eleonora Dal Corso","doi":"10.13133/2239-1002/16982","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13133/2239-1002/16982","url":null,"abstract":"The physical, chemical and gemological properties of recently discovered common green opals from Anosy (South-Eastern Madagascar) have been investigated using different analytical methods such as standard optical and gemological analyzes, X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Micro-Raman Spectroscopy and Laser Ablation Microprobe (LA-ICP-MS). Anosy opals have a yellowish green color with a light yellowish rim, translucent / opaque diaphaneity with greasy luster, red oxide spots and are inert to long and short wavelength UV radiation (366–254 nm). The values for refractive index and specific gravity range between 1.435–1.460 and 2.03-2.07, respectively. According to XRPD and Raman analyses, the opals are CT type with tridymite more abundant than cristobalite and also contain clay minerals (saponite). Iron and, subordinately, V and Cu appear the main chromophores that determine the green-yellowish color, while Ni and Cr are very subordinate. Other detected trace elements are Mg, Al, Ca, K, and Na. The high contents of Ba are noteworthy since this element is rarely reported in opals worldwide. SEM observations show three types of structures already observed in the CT opals: homogeneous and very fine microspheres, lepispheric cauliflower structures and globular aggregates of different sizes formed by laminae.","PeriodicalId":20006,"journal":{"name":"Periodico Di Mineralogia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43222703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bronze Age metallurgical slags from the South Urals: types, mineralogy and copper sources","authors":"M. Ankushev, D. Artemyev, I. Blinov, S. Bogdanov","doi":"10.13133/2239-1002/17314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13133/2239-1002/17314","url":null,"abstract":"In the paper, an investigation of copper metallurgical slags found in the South Urals and dating to the Bronze Age between 4000 and 1300 BCE is carried out. Four main mineralogical types are distinguished according to their mineral composition: Cr-rich spinel containing olivine, sulphide-containing olivine, sulphide containing glassy and pyroxene type. First type of slags is composed of zoned olivine, magnetite and glass having relicts of Cr-rich spinels and serpentinites that indicate the use of azurite-malachite ores from ultrabasic rocks. These finds were determined in sites of the Early Yamna period in the Cis-Urals and are widespread in Sintashta culture. The second type is composed of skeletal olivine crystals, magnetite and wustite with copper sulphides droplets. It type belongs to Alakul period. The raw material sources are sulphide ores from a secondary enrichment zone of VMS, skarn and Cu-porphyry deposits. The sulphide containing glassy type is mainly composed of glass with copper and sulphide droplets. The slags were recovered in the Srubna sites. The raw material sources were rich sulphide ores of cupriferous sandstones. The pyroxene type is composed of augite, pigeonite and/or wollastonite with a small amount of glass and sulphide inclusions. According to the composition of glass, slags can be distinguished into the Cis-Uralian type, including cupriferous sandstones, and Trans-Uralian type having various volcanogenic-hydrothermal deposits as raw materials. Essential Ca, P, Ba and REE impurities in slag glass demonstrate the use of barite, calcite and bone fluxes. The phase diagrams, crystallisation temperatures and experimental data revealed that slag melt temperatures ranged between 1150–1300 ° C.","PeriodicalId":20006,"journal":{"name":"Periodico Di Mineralogia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45182012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Introducing Semi-gem quality blue corundum from the Alvand complex, Hamedan, west Iran","authors":"Fariba Sajjadi Alehashem, M. Moazzen, A. Jahangiri","doi":"10.13133/2239-1002/17315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13133/2239-1002/17315","url":null,"abstract":"Semi-gem quality corundum crystals are formed in a syenite pegmatite dyke in the Alvand igneous-metamorphic complex in west Iran. The dyke is intruded the igneous rocks and the surrounding hornfelses. Corundum is mainly associated with K-feldspar in the rocks and makes crystals 2 to 60 mm across. It shows gray, bluish-gray, pale blue, ink blue and dark blue colours. The crystals show colour zoning and trapiche-like zoning in hand specimens and under the microscope. The main mineral phase inclusions in corundum crystals are muscovite, phlogopite, hercynite and Nb-Ta oxides. LA-ICP-MS and electron microprobe analyzes indicate wide range of Fe/Mg, Fe/Ti, Ti/Mg and Ga/Mg ratios for the analyzed crystals while variation of Cr/Ga ratio is limited. The high Fe and Ga and low Mg and Cr contents suggest a magmatic origin for these corundums. Ti content was found as the main factor controlling the colour.","PeriodicalId":20006,"journal":{"name":"Periodico Di Mineralogia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45576218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Host rock peculiarities and influence of major structures on gold and base metal sulfide mineralization in northern Pakistan","authors":"Muhammad Farhan, M. Arif, Ye Ying, Xuegang Chen, D. Garbe‐Schönberg, Z. Ullah, Izhar Sadiq","doi":"10.13133/2239-1002/16621","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13133/2239-1002/16621","url":null,"abstract":"For decades, the streams and rivers in northern areas of Pakistan are being explored for gold but the source rock for primary gold is yet to be located. Recent geological surveys have identified several areas for follow-up study for Cu-Au mineralization in Chitral and Gilgit-Baltistan regions. The rocks exposed at various localities are variably altered and/ or mineralized and intensely deformed, which mostly include diorite, granodiorite, greenschists, limestones and undeformed volcanic rocks and granitoids of the Kohistan island arc. The results of petrographic and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses of a variety of representative rock samples from a number sites have revealed that mineralization in the Chitral and Gilgit-Baltistan regions is dominantly in the form of pyrite, tetrahedrite, chalcopyrite and galena with subordinate amounts of magnetite, malachite and azurite. The associated/ gangue minerals include albite, quartz, actinolite, biotite, chlorite, epidote, calcite, garnet, illite and titanite (sphene). Diffraction patterns of glycolated samples did not show the existence of swelling clay (e.g., smectite). Sericitic, chloritic and carbonatic alterations have been observed in the studied altered rocks. Mass balance calculations indicate that most of the sulfide-bearing samples are enriched in Cu, Au, Sb, As and Pb and depleted in the rest of the metals reflecting differences in elements mobility during the ore-forming processes. Some of the mineralized rocks especially limestone have experienced a significant volume change due to mobilization of some of the major element oxides e.g. CaO, Fe2O3, SiO2 and ore-forming components e.g. Cu and Pb. The mineralization is of epithermal type in most of the investigated sites, however a few areas show ore formation though orogenic processes and very rarely the ore deposit displays features of the volcanogenic massive sulfide type. Some of the areas are quite promising with respect to their ore element contents and the highly mineralized zones lie in close proximity to major structures in the region. Besides, results from the current study indicate that the mineralization shows close spatial association and hence a strong genetic link with strike slip faults especially where they bend and merge together.","PeriodicalId":20006,"journal":{"name":"Periodico Di Mineralogia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45298598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Petrological characterization of the Cenozoic igneous rocks of the Tafresh district, central Urumieh-Dokhtar Magmatic Arc (Iran)","authors":"Giulia Salari, M. Lustrino, M. Ghorbani, S. Agostini, L. Fedele","doi":"10.13133/2239-1002/16620","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13133/2239-1002/16620","url":null,"abstract":"We report a petrographic and whole-rock geochemical characterization of the Cenozoic volcanic rocks cropping out in the Tafresh area of the central Urumieh-Dokhtar Magmatic Arc of Iran. The investigated rocks range mainly from basaltic andesite to dacite, and are considered to be genetically linked by (mostly) closed-system evolutionary processes involving fractionation of ferromagnesian minerals and plagioclase first, then of plagioclase and lesser amphibole (plus minor clinopyroxene) and finally of plagioclase with lesser alkali feldspar and minor amphibole. These represent a typical calcalkaline series emplaced in a subduction-related setting, producing the observed LILE-enriched and HFSE-depleted geochemical signature. The basaltic andesite compositions likely derived from an unsampled hydrous primitive melt equilibrated in a spinel-bearing metasomatized peridotite source, evolving at shallow to moderate crustal depths.","PeriodicalId":20006,"journal":{"name":"Periodico Di Mineralogia","volume":"90 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66230942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mineralogy and elemental composition of urinary stones: a preliminary study in northwest of Iran","authors":"F. Khaleghi, Roya Rasekhi, M. Mosaferi","doi":"10.13133/2239-1002/16764","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13133/2239-1002/16764","url":null,"abstract":"The Formation of Urinary Calculi [or Kidney stones (renal lithiasis, nephrolithiasis)] is a serious disease among Iran’s population, inasmuch as renal stone prevalence rate is annually about 145 cases per 100000 men and women. In this study, the mineralogy and elemental composition of urinary stones were studied in East Azerbaijan province, located in northwest of Iran. X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) analyses were used to investigate the mineralogy of different types of Urinary Calculi. The results showed that the collected Urinary Calculi samples can be divided into four groups, based on their mineralogical aspect: mono-hydrated calcium oxalate, di-hydrated calcium oxalate, uric acid and urate/calcium oxalate/cystine, in which whewellite and uricite were the most abundant mineral phases. The oxalate stone types were characterized by the high concentrations of zinc, phosphorus and magnesium. Common minerals in the studied renal stones indicated that calcium oxalate urinary stones have a similar prevalence ratio as in Middle East countries. However, urate compounds were significantly higher in Iran compared to other countries; The niahite mineral was not found in studied samples. In the cities having very hard and hard drinking water, uric acid and oxalate type stone were the main phases in East Azerbaijan province with Mediterranean climate, urate urinary stones were dominant. XRF results indicated that the frequency of Ca was from 0.11 to 25.63%,­ which has the highest concentration among other elements. The strong positive correlation between Ca and P indicated that calcium tends to be participated in the structure of phosphorus–bearing urinary stones.","PeriodicalId":20006,"journal":{"name":"Periodico Di Mineralogia","volume":"90 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66230976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}