Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology最新文献

{"title":"The effect of weathering on the variation of geotechnical properties of a granitic rock from Chile","authors":"Nicol E. Flandes, Felipe A. Villalobos, Robert King","doi":"10.1144/qjegh2023-022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1144/qjegh2023-022","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of rock weathering on geotechnical parameters can become substantial in geotechnical design. The weathering degree WD has been normally divided in five levels from fresh rock to completely weathered rock. In this study, the above five WDs are adopted to analyse the variation of several regularly used geotechnical properties. To that aim, a series of laboratory tests to a Chilean granitic rock in different stages of weathering was carried out. The results of the tests have been analysed by normalising each geotechnical parameter respect to the value obtained for slightly weathered samples instead of the fresh rock samples, which is usually adopted. In this way, it was found that the results of unconfined compressive strength UCS reduces steadily and considerably with each WD, which has been previously reported. Conversely, the modulus of deformation and P-wave velocity tend to stabilise the rate of reduction for highly and completely weathered rock samples, which does not agree with the trend and higher rate reductions found by other authors. This stabilisation reduction rate with WD was also found for compaction density, friction angle and Poisson's ratio.","PeriodicalId":20937,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43086261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engineering properties of tropical transported soils: case study from the Republic of the Congo","authors":"G. Brink, M. Brook","doi":"10.1144/qjegh2021-134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1144/qjegh2021-134","url":null,"abstract":"Tropical residual soils are often reported to exhibit highly variable geotechnical characteristics, due to formation by rock weathering under hot, humid conditions. Less is known about the engineering properties of tropical reworked (i.e. transported) soils. The latter soil type is also encountered in tropical regions, but can exhibit sorting and include weak structures formed during transport and deposition, causing instability when exposed in road/rail cuttings. We report a case study of geochemical and engineering properties of tropical reworked soils from the slopes of Mt Lekoumou (Republic of the Congo), a Banded Iron Formation (BIF) ridgeline overlain by loose, unconsolidated clayey gravel. Aside from the upper-most slopes, the area is overlain by colluvium of varying thickness, the target of testing, here. Goethite, kaolinite and hematite are dominant minerals, and the colluvium displays moderately high liquid limits, but comparatively low plasticity index values. Effective cohesion (c') values were 0 and 31 kPa and effective friction angles (ϕ') were 26°-39°. Considerable variation in matric suction pressures for the same sample sites, at the same moisture contents, occurs. Thus, as with tropical residual soils, determining test values that are ‘representative’ of site conditions in tropical transported soils can be problematic, but remains important.","PeriodicalId":20937,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43037672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Well performance in relation to design, construction and wellfield operation: a case study from the fossil Ram sandstone aquifer in Southern Jordan","authors":"A. Charalambous, B.R. Burnet","doi":"10.1144/qjegh2023-039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1144/qjegh2023-039","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The Dubaydib wellfield in Southern Jordan comprises 55 wells up to 600 m in depth, and exploits the fossil Ram sandstone aquifer. It has an average output of 100 MCM a\u0000 -1\u0000 and well yields of 51 - 80 l s\u0000 -1\u0000 . Drilling fluid has affected well performance with lowest specific capacities of 1.56 l s\u0000 -1\u0000 m\u0000 -1\u0000 in bentonite drilled wells, highest ( 5.46 l s\u0000 -1\u0000 m\u0000 -1\u0000 ) in water drilled open hole constructions and in the middle range ( 3.07 l s\u0000 -1\u0000 m\u0000 -1\u0000 ) in polymer drilled wells. Well loss coefficients and skin effect values confirm these results. The productivity of bentonite drilled wells has not improved during production indicating that the damage has been irreversible. Well efficiency evaluations have been found to be sensitive to the method of calculation and not to provide a reliable measure of productivity. During the course of wellfield operation (2013-2021) specific capacities declined from an all well average of 3.78 to 3.13 l s\u0000 -1\u0000 m\u0000 -1\u0000 or c.17 %. The decline reflects the deepening of groundwater levels as a result of aquifer response rather than well deterioration. As groundwater extraction is from storage, specific capacities will continue to fall, tentative estimates suggesting to 2.56 l s\u0000 -1\u0000 m\u0000 -1 \u0000 after 25 years and 2.16 l s\u0000 -1\u0000 m\u0000 -1\u0000 after 50 years.\u0000","PeriodicalId":20937,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45631160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Existing Joint Orientation Parameters and Their Effect on Rock Erodibility in Dam Spillways","authors":"Marie-Hélène Wisse, A. Saeidi, M. Quirion","doi":"10.1144/qjegh2022-042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1144/qjegh2022-042","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Rock mass erosion in unlined spillways causes significant structural damage and necessitates expensive repairs. The rock mass is made up of blocks formed by various arrangements of joint sets. The volume and the protrusion of these blocks, as well as the orientation, opening and roughness of the joints, are all features that can affect rock erodibility. Most of these features are incorporated in parameters developed for rock mass characterization. Three joint orientation parameters are compared in this article using a database containing geological and hydraulic information on scoured spillways. According to the detailed methodology, data is first classified according to rock quality using the GSI\u0000 chart\u0000 index. Then, for each GSI\u0000 chart\u0000 class, data is distributed according to the damage level, stream power and joint orientation parameter chosen. This study shows that no joint orientation parameter is currently able to accurately represent the effect of joint orientation on erosion of excellent- to poor-quality rock mass. Moreover, this study shows that the GSI\u0000 chart\u0000 index is not a rock quality index that completely evaluates rock erosion, since some relevant parameters for evaluating rock erodibility are not considered.\u0000","PeriodicalId":20937,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49501490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Water-blocking characteristics of fault zones with different structural combination of cementation degree","authors":"Yingzhou Chen, Shu-yun Zhu, Zhi-yong Yang","doi":"10.1144/qjegh2023-059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1144/qjegh2023-059","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, deep coal mining has posed a significant challenge due to the threat of water inrush from highly pressured aquifers in the floor strata. Water inrush in the floor strata are often associated with the structural characteristics of the underlying fault zones. The permeability of these fault zones is a critical factor in determining their potential as conduits for water flow. The variation in permeability is attributed to the varying cementation degree across different locations within the fault zones. Hence, this study is based on the key stratum theory and introduces the concept of a water-blocking key stratum within fault zones. This research focuses on the engineering context of the 16th coal seam above the lower coal seam in the 10603 working face of the Yangcun Coal Mine's tenth mining area. The study investigates the activation characteristics of the 10605F5 reverse fault zone, which cuts through the working face. Various methods, including test of simulation of similar materials and numerical simulations, are employed to analyze the hydraulic pressure distribution and the impact of mining activities on the water-blocking key stratum within the 10605F5 reverse fault zone. The research findings will provide valuable insights for preventing fault activation and water inrush.","PeriodicalId":20937,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44562663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Swelling Damage Evolution of Argillaceous Slate in a Water-Rich Environment","authors":"Q. Zuo, Pan Li, Xinyi Li, Fubang Chen","doi":"10.1144/qjegh2022-128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1144/qjegh2022-128","url":null,"abstract":"The swelling of rock is a key issue in engineering. With large infrastructure construction trending toward complex geological conditions, an increasing number of projects could suffer from soft rock swelling. To solve this problem, an understanding of the damage evolution during the swelling process is essential. Argillaceous slate is a typical metamorphic rock and shows strong swelling characteristics in a water-rich environment due to its abundance of hydrophilic minerals. In this paper, argillaceous slate was selected as the research object. The damage evolution of argillaceous slate during swelling was explored via laboratory tests including swelling characteristic tests, soft rock needle penetration tests, and scanning electron microscope tests and damage theory. The research findings reveal that the slate swelling process in a water-rich environment could be divided into three stages. The swelling rate was relatively high in the early stage of the tests, slowed over time, and finally stabilized. However, the argillaceous slate strength decreased rapidly in the early stage, and the degradation rate was generally slow in the later stage. After water absorption, the clay mineral particles began to expand, and the microscopic structure of the argillaceous slate became complicated. The pore area increased, and the pore diameter decreased. A low degree of microscopic damage induced a high degree of macroscopic mechanical degradation. Additionally, the damage mechanism of argillaceous slate during swelling was discussed from micro- and macroscopic perspectives. A relationship between macroscopic mechanical degradation and microscopic damage to argillaceous slate was established, which can provide theoretical support for further research on soft rock swelling characteristics: The microscopic damage drove the macroscopic mechanical degradation.","PeriodicalId":20937,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44698467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The distributions and variations of Quaternary Thames River Terrace deposits of Greater London","authors":"Elizabeth Aston, P. Mason","doi":"10.1144/qjegh2023-016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1144/qjegh2023-016","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 A database containing\u0000 ca\u0000 27000 records of Quaternary lithostratigraphy extracted from\u0000 ca\u0000 5800 individual boreholes drilled to a variety of depths, has been compiled from information contained in logs recorded and held by British Geological Survey (BGS) and from the Crossrail (CR) project. After ‘cleaning’ and quality assessment the raw borehole log data have been investigated for patterns in distribution, and variations in the Quaternary facies across Greater London.\u0000 \u0000 In particular, the analysis of Quaternary River Terrace Deposits has been focused on here and a summary of relevant published terminology and nomenclature is also included in this report, as an aid to understanding. The spatial distributions of each major Quaternary lithostratigraphic interval, as identified in the log descriptions, are also presented as point locations in map form, and in comparison with the corresponding BGS mapped outcrop patterns of the respective lithostratigraphic units.\u0000 The presence of various specific clasts in the log descriptions, e.g. cobbles and chalk clasts, is also presented at stratigraphic member levels against their apparent source outcrops. For instance, cobbles recorded from the Boyne Hill Terrace intervals are concentrated in the eastern outcrops and reflect the Wealden source and former river system of the Darrent – Wid towards the Essex coast at Maldon. Similarly, the presence and distribution of shell and chalk clasts within river terrace sands and gravels reflect the geology of the underlying subcropping strata of Lower Shelly Clay and Chalk respectively.\u0000 The Crossrail data also include some grain size information from sieve analysis and some engineering in situ test values, which require careful analysis beyond the scope of this work but are potentially useful. The grain size distributions for some of the samples from the river terrace sands and gravels show fining up and coarsening up sequences, and geographical grain size trends in various stratigraphic intervals.\u0000 The recorded presence of faults, fractures and fissures, as identified by the drilling contractors or logging geologists, are also extracted and mapped. Supplementary evidence, from repeated stratigraphy or improbable spatial proximity changes in subcrop depths, suggest a cause other than deposition for such changes and on the presumption that their cause is natural, are interpreted as likely to be representative of faulting of some kind, including low angle thrust faults. Faulting is also considered to have controlled the distribution of several interglacial silt members and is the subject of considerable research in the deeper intervals of London stratigraphy, so is only briefly dealt with here. To define the period over which tectonic structures, now known to exist within the strata of the London Basin, were active requires an analysis of Quaternary deposits that overlie them. This Technical Note provides an initial review of the data available from boreholes for su","PeriodicalId":20937,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44681561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural control on Ypresian karstic aquifer revealed by an integrated geophysical and geological approach: the Mateur imbricated thrust zone (Northern Tunisia)","authors":"Sourour Elgattoussi, F. Melki, H. Gabtni, G. B. Rea","doi":"10.1144/qjegh2023-049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1144/qjegh2023-049","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 We present the characterization of a poorly studied karstic aquifer, documenting the geometry, resistivity properties and the control of structural discontinuities affecting the outcropping Ypresian limestone in the Mateur imbricated thrust zone in Northern Tunisia. The karst system was produced by meteoric diagenesis. Geophysical methods and field investigations were useful in extracting geologic features. First, our findings suggest that the N110 to N140 directions are the preferred dissolution paths oriented parallel to strike-slip and extensional faults. Second, the gravity data analysis (regional-residual separation, horizontal gravity gradient, and Euler deconvolution) show a particular tectonic node as a junction of NE-SW and NW-SE directions. Third, the 2D electrical resistivity models exhibit the various karstification typologies with high (more than 1000\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Ω\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 m), medium (between 200 and 1000\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Ω\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 m) to low (less than 100) electrical resistivity zones. These electrical resistivity models contributed to the establishment of the conceptual structural model of the global karst features. Finally, 2D ERT and 1D time domain electromagnetic analysis highlighted the presence of potential water zones integrated into the aquifer.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Thematic collection:\u0000 This article is part of the Karst: Characterization, Hazards & Hydrogeology collection available at:\u0000 https://www.lyellcollection.org/topic/collections/karst\u0000","PeriodicalId":20937,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44241031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Damage evolution process and damage precursor law under cyclic splitting action of different types of rocks","authors":"K. Zhao, Wenqiang Ao, Yajing Yan, Yichen Shi, Jun Wu, Lijie Guo, Lang Liu","doi":"10.1144/qjegh2022-067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1144/qjegh2022-067","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 During the construction of underground projects, different types of rock are often in a cyclic state of loading and unloading. Therefore, cyclic fracturing experiments on metamorphic sandstone, slate and granite from one mine site. Based on the basic parameters of acoustic emission(AE), the damage processes and damage precursor patterns of different types of rock samples are analysed. The results of the study show that there is basically no AE signal generated during the unloading phase of the first two cycles of loading, and less acoustic emission signal is generated in the loading stage; In the experimental process of different types of rock samples, when the value of CV(\u0000 r\u0000 ) is larger, it can be considered as large scale crack dominance; small scale crack dominance when the value of CV(\u0000 r\u0000 ) is small, and CV(\u0000 r\u0000 ) values are more accurate than AE b-values in determining the pattern of cracking within a rock sample. With different internal crack development during cyclic splitting, can focus on the changes in the AE loading energy ratio and CV(\u0000 r\u0000 ) values before damage destabilization occurs. The Felicity ratio, CV(\u0000 r\u0000 ) value and loading energy ratio can be used in combination in practical engineering to improve the accuracy of determining rock stability.\u0000","PeriodicalId":20937,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48596473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the Strength Properties and Micromechanisms of Nano-Al\u0000 2\u0000 O\u0000 3\u0000 -Modified Predisintegrated Carbonaceous Mudstone Based on Orthogonal Design","authors":"Hong-yuan Fu, Xiao Yu, Jie Liu, Ling Zeng, Xiao-wei Chen","doi":"10.1144/qjegh2023-018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1144/qjegh2023-018","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This study aims to improve the mechanical properties of predisintegrated carbonaceous mudstone (PCM) used as an embankment fill. The four factors used in the orthogonal design test are nano-Al\u0000 2\u0000 O\u0000 3\u0000 content, cement content, water content and compaction. Afterward, the strength characteristics and micromechanisms of PCM modified by nano-Al\u0000 2\u0000 O\u0000 3\u0000 and cement are studied through triaxial compression tests, X-ray diffraction analysis and SEM observations. The results show that the failure mode of PCM changes from bulging failure to shear failure when the nano-Al\u0000 2\u0000 O\u0000 3\u0000 and cement contents are increased. The order in which the factors affected the cohesion of PCM is cement content, nano-Al\u0000 2\u0000 O\u0000 3\u0000 content, water content and compaction. At a given cement content, the cohesion of PCM with an optimal compaction of 96% and a water content of 8% increases and then decreases with increasing nano-Al\u0000 2\u0000 O\u0000 3\u0000 content. The increase in the internal friction angle is proportional to the nano-Al\u0000 2\u0000 O\u0000 3\u0000 content when the cement content is between 0 and 4%. Controlling the contents of nano-Al\u0000 2\u0000 O\u0000 3\u0000 and cement to 0.3% and 8% results in a synergistic effect of both materials on shear strength. Nano-Al\u0000 2\u0000 O\u0000 3\u0000 improves the cohesion and friction strength of PCM through accelerating the hydration of cement and optimizing the structure of hydration products.\u0000","PeriodicalId":20937,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46399496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}