Ore Geology Reviews最新文献

{"title":"Formation mechanism of the Yangchang Cu-Mo vein-type deposit, Inner Mongolia, NE China: Constraints from fluid inclusions and O-H-S-Pb isotopes","authors":"Yicun Wang ,&nbsp;Dadi Cao ,&nbsp;Siwen Fan ,&nbsp;Bei Xu ,&nbsp;Mingchun Song ,&nbsp;Jie Li ,&nbsp;Junhao Zhang ,&nbsp;Jingfu Wu ,&nbsp;XueBing Zhang ,&nbsp;Shunda Li","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106777","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106777","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Yangchang deposit, located in the central Xilamulun Metallogenic Cu-Mo Polymetallic Belt in NE China, is a typical vein-type Cu-Mo deposit. The orebodies, hosted in silicified and sericitized Cretaceous monzogranite, are controlled by a NE-trending fault. Although vein-type deposits represent an important in the Xilamulun Cu-Mo system, questions remain regarding their genetic relationship to regional magmatism, similarity to porphyry deposits, and the presence of a concealed magma chamber. This study investigates the pressure–temperature conditions, sources, and evolution of ore-forming fluids in the Yangchang deposit. Based on orebody crosscutting relationships, three paragenetic stages were identified: (1) Stage I: pyrite–quartz; (2) Stage II: pyrite–chalcopyrite–molybdenite–quartz; and (3) Stage III: sphalerite–galena–quartz. Primary fluid inclusions (FIs) were classified into three types: pure CO₂ (PC-type), CO₂-NaCl-H₂O (C-type), and NaCl-H₂O (L-type). Homogenization temperatures ranged from 360 to 310 °C (Stage I), 333–208 °C (Stage II), and 233–152 °C (Stage III), with salinities consistently below ∼ 12 wt% NaCl_equiv Trapping pressures during Stage I were 1,000–1,250 bar, corresponding to a depth of approximately 2.10 km (km). The O-H isotope analyses indicated an evolving fluid source, with δD values ranging from (−14.4 to –116.6 ‰) and δ¹⁸O_water values 3.88 to 14.82 ‰, reflecting a transition from magmatic to meteoric water. Sulfur (δ³⁴S_V-CDT = 0.4–1.2 ‰) and lead isotopic data suggest a magmatic origin of metals with additional crustal input. These findings indicate that the Yangchang vein-type Cu-Mo deposit is genetically associated with regional magmatism formed during the Early Cretaceous Paleo-Pacific tectonic regime.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"185 ","pages":"Article 106777"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144633865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gold enrichment of the Guilaizhuang Au-Te deposit, the southeastern margin of the North China Craton: Constraints from petrography, composition and in-situ sulfur isotope of pyrite","authors":"Li Jiang ,&nbsp;Xuefeng Yu ,&nbsp;Shaocong Lai ,&nbsp;Zengsheng Li ,&nbsp;Dapeng Li ,&nbsp;Ke Geng ,&nbsp;Wei Xie ,&nbsp;Renchao Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106779","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106779","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Guilaizhuang Au-Te deposit is the most representative alkaline igneous-rock-related epithermal Au deposit on the southeastern margin of the North China Craton (NCC). Key aspects regarding the occurrence states and enrichment mechanisms of Au remain unclear. Pyrite, as a principal gold-hosting mineral, plays a crucial role in deciphering the ore-forming process; however, detailed data on its textural characterization and <em>in</em>-<em>situ</em> geochemistry are scarce. In this study, the ore-forming process is divided into three stages, (1) quartz-pyrite (stage I), (2) Au-polymetallic sulfide-telluride (stage II), and (3) carbonate (stage III). Two types of pyrite are identified, including euhedral disseminated pyrite (Py1) from the early stage (stage I) and coarse-grained anhedral pyrite (Py2) from the main mineralization stage (stage II). In addition, LA(-MC)-ICP-MS is employed for the first time to conduct <em>in-situ</em> trace element spot/mapping and S isotope analyses on these two types of pyrite. Through comprehensive petrography, EPMA, and LA-ICP-MS analyses, four main occurrence states of Au are determined, including auriferous telluride, native Au, “invisible gold” and electrum. “Invisible gold” occurs as both solid solution (Au⁺) within the crystal lattice of pyrite and micro-scale mineral inclusions enclosed within pyrite. Py2 shows higher concentrations of As, Au, Ag, and Te compared to Py1. In As-pyrite, As substitutes for S⁻ as As⁻ rather than for Fe²⁺ as As^2+/3+ and is incorporated into the pyrite. The coupled distribution and positive correlation between Au and As indicate that As facilitates the incorporation of Au into the pyrite lattice. Tellurium mainly occurs as solid solution within pyrite, whereas Pb exists as galena and minor altaite inclusions within pyrite. Py1 exhibits δ³⁴S values ranging from −2.60 to +3.1 ‰ (mean = −1.1 ‰), whereas Py2 yields values from −10.6 to +2.0 ‰ (mean = −4.5 ‰), indicating that the S in pyrite is of magmatic origin. The lower δ³⁴S values in Py2 result from isotopic fractionation during fluid boiling, where ³⁴S is preferentially partitioned into sulfate while ³²S enriches in sulfide phases. Furthermore, the concentric zoning of Co-Ni and As-Au-Te within the pyrite provides additional evidence for fluid boiling. Based on the comprehensive analyses above, this study proposes that the gold enrichment at Guilaizhuang is not only influenced by the changes of physicochemical conditions (e.g., temperature and pH) but also facilitated by Te-rich metallic melts that enhance Au scavenging and deposition during the ore-forming process. These findings are of considerable significance for understanding trace element incorporation into pyrite, and for revealing the mechanism of Au enrichment and hydrothermal evolution processes in alkaline igneous-rock-related epithermal Au deposit.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"184 ","pages":"Article 106779"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144632402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-accuracy mineralization evaluation of VMS deposits using machine learning and basalt geochemistry","authors":"Jiachen Li ,&nbsp;Xiang Sun ,&nbsp;Ke Xiao ,&nbsp;Qiuyun Wang ,&nbsp;Xiaoya Liang ,&nbsp;Limeng Cui","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106780","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106780","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Basalt is a common volcanic rock in volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) deposits, and its geochemical composition provides critical insights into magmatic source characteristics, thereby serving as an essential proxy for evaluating the mineralization potential of VMS deposits. However, traditional assessment approaches often suffer from low efficiency due to the lack of clearly defined geochemical indicators and an overreliance on empirical interpretations. To address these limitations, we compiled a comprehensive global database of geochemical data for both mineralized and unmineralized basalts, and applied three machine learning algorithms—Adaptive Boosting (AdaBoost), Gradient Boosting Decision Tree (GBDT), and Random Forest (RF)—to develop predictive models for VMS mineralization potential. All three models yielded high prediction performance, with both accuracy and F1-scores exceeding 99.63 %. Among them, the AdaBoost model achieved the best results, with an accuracy and F1-score of 99.79 %. Despite the strong predictive capabilities of these models, their “black-box” nature often limits the interpretability of feature importance. To enhance model transparency, we employed SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) to quantify the contribution of each geochemical variable and to construct geochemically meaningful discrimination diagrams. The effectiveness of these indicators was further validated through logistic regression analysis. Our results indicate that Fe₂O₃, TiO₂, and Co are among the most influential elements for distinguishing barren from fertile basalts. We developed classification diagrams based on key element ratios, notably Co/Fe₂O₃ vs. V/Tm and Fe₂O₃ vs. TiO₂, which yielded classification accuracies of 95.51 % and 84.90 %, respectively. These diagrams offer intuitive and effective tools for rapid assessment of VMS mineralization potential. Overall, this study establishes a novel framework for objective, data-driven mineralization evaluation in VMS exploration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"184 ","pages":"Article 106780"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144632403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Generation and metallogenetic potentiality of cenozoic highly fractionated cuonadong leucogranite in the Tethyan Himalaya: evidence from U-Pb dating and in-situ B-Nd isotopes of accessory minerals","authors":"Meng Liu ,&nbsp;Da Wang ,&nbsp;Zian Liu ,&nbsp;Huchao Ma ,&nbsp;Adama Berte ,&nbsp;Kegang Dai ,&nbsp;Shoucai Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106740","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106740","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Leucogranite as a window to understanding crustal evolution and associated metallogeny. The Cuonadong Sn-W-Be polymetallic deposit, located in the Tethyan Himalayan metallogenic belt, is the first newly discovered deposit with significant metallogenic potential in this region. This study aims to provide new insights into the origin and evolution of Himalayan leucogranites, addressing ongoing debates regarding their formation and the implications for regional metallogeny. We conducted U-Pb dating, Nd and B isotopic analyses, and elemental geochemistry on leucogranite and pegmatite from the Cuonadong gneiss dome to better understand the magmatic evolution and potential sources of the deposit. U-Pb dating of monazite from leucogranite and pegmatite yielded ages of 22.0 Ma and 28.9 Ma, respectively, while titanite from leucogranites provided ages of 40.6 Ma and 30.9 Ma. Notably, this is the first discovery of Late Eocene magmatism in the Cuonadong gneiss dome, significantly predating the previously recognized magmatic activity in the area. The B isotopic compositions of tourmaline in leucogranite and pegmatite range from –12.48 ‰ to –8.05 ‰, with an average of –9.88 ‰, similar to the mean δ¹¹B values of continental crust, indicating a dominant crustal source. Additionally, the εNd(t) values of monazite range from –13.16 to –11.95, with old two-stage Nd model ages (T_DM2) of 1.75–2.24 Ga, suggesting a source of partial melting from metamorphic sedimentary rocks. The discovery of Late Eocene magmatism (40.6 Ma) in the Cuonadong gneiss dome is a significant finding that revises the previously established magmatic timeline for the region. This finding implies greater mineralization potential not only for the Cuonadong gneiss dome but across the entire Tethyan Himalayan Belt, providing a new reference for the search exploration of rare metal.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"184 ","pages":"Article 106740"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144614147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low-H2O zircons record fluid saturation-exsolution and formation of fertile porphyries in the Yulong mineralization Belt, southeast Tibet","authors":"Ying Luo ,&nbsp;Xiao-Ping Xia ,&nbsp;Ze-Xian Cui ,&nbsp;Chuan-Mao Yang ,&nbsp;Xue-Ping Yang ,&nbsp;Jian-Lin Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106773","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106773","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The exsolution of aqueous fluids during the medium- to high-temperature stages of magmatism is required for porphyry ore mineralization, but the occurrence and nature of this process remain unclear. Zircon, crystallizes at high temperatures (&gt;550 °C) in granitic magmas and, is a reliable indicator of the magmatic evolution and volatile saturation due to its low hydrogen diffusion rates and resistance to alteration. The Machangqing porphyry Cu–Mo–(Au) (MCQ) deposit in the Yulong mineralization belt, southeast Tibet, is ideal for investigating fluid saturation and exsolution, and its role in mineralization. This study compared the geochemical compositions and H₂O contents of zircons from the MCQ deposit with those from the fertile Yulong and Gangdese porphyry Cu belt porphyries, and barren granites. Although the fertile porphyries have whole-rock Sr/Y and 10,000 × (Eu/Eu*)/Y ratios indicative of H₂O-rich melts, their zircon H₂O contents (MCQ = 480 ppm; Yulong = 473 ppm) are lower than those of the Gangdese batholith (699 ppm). Zircons from MCQ and Yulong porphyries have negative correlations between 10,000 × (Eu/Eu*)/Yb_N and Ce/√(U × Ti) ratios, indicating fluid-saturated mineralizing magmas. In contrast, the barren granite shows no evidence of fluid saturation. These findings indicate that the low zircon H₂O contents in post-collisional porphyry deposits reflect fluid-saturation-induced exsolution, with fluid saturation being essential for mineralization. High zircon crystallization temperatures (550–800 °C) confirm that the magmas reached water saturation and initiated exsolution during medium- to high-temperature stages. Magmas rich in H₂O undergo shallow magma emplacement and degassing, leading to the formation of large porphyry deposits, whereas H₂O-poor systems are less favorable for significant mineralization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"184 ","pages":"Article 106773"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144634147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-model decision system: An ensemble deep learning model to enhance predictive power in mineral prospectivity mapping","authors":"Zeinab Soltani ,&nbsp;Hossein Hassani ,&nbsp;Saeid Esmaeiloghli","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106768","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106768","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Deep learning (DL) models have emerged as cutting-edge technologies in the recent decade and have shown remarkable capabilities for metal exploration and mineral prospectivity mapping (MPM). The relevance of DL architectures for MPM applications is attributed to their robust competencies in auto-identifying non-linear features and handling big exploration data in complex Earth systems. However, depending on the use of different models, DL-based MPM procedures may result in diverse mineralization-related spatial patterns. This instability can introduce uncertainty into DL-derived MPM predictions, making it challenging to select the appropriate DL architecture. Here, we conceptualize and discuss an innovative ensemble system designed to create synergies between multiple DL-based predictions, thereby mitigating instabilities from mineralization-related spatial patterns derived from different DL models. The proposed methodology, a multi-model decision system (MMDS), entails a decision-making protocol to fuse MPM predictions from deep neural network, deep belief network, deep forest, and one-dimensional convolutional neural network-type DL models. A decision-making engine inspired by the MARCOS model was also implemented, whereby high-performance DL models are allowed to play a more significant role in generating final MPM predictions based on their corresponding generalizability (i.e., delivered F1-Score values). The relevance of MMDS in MPM was demonstrated through its application to the exploration targeting of IOCG-type mineralization within a brownfield terrain in NE Iran. Success-rate curves and corresponding areas under the curves indicated that the resulting MMDS-derived prospectivity map performed better with regards to vectoring toward mineral exploration targets than stand-alone prospectivity models. The findings of this study suggest that the newly developed ensemble-based decision system can give weight to high-performance DL models more efficiently, thereby enhancing the definition of lower-risk target areas for further exploration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"184 ","pages":"Article 106768"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144597594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Petrogenesis of Mesozoic ore-related granites in the West 509-Daoban Li–Be rare metal deposit, West Kunlun orogenic belt, NW China: Implications for magmatic evolution and associated Li mineralization","authors":"Wukeyila Wutiepu ,&nbsp;Wenjiao Xiao ,&nbsp;Shanshan Wang ,&nbsp;Qigui Mao ,&nbsp;Junming Yao ,&nbsp;Shuguang Zhou ,&nbsp;Shaole An ,&nbsp;Jun Hu ,&nbsp;Weiguang Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106769","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106769","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The West Kunlun orogenic belt (WKOB) is one of the largest economically rare metal metallogenic belts in NW China. The newly discovered West 509-Daoban Li–Be rare metal deposit is located in the eastern part of the WKOB. However, the genetic link between the petrogenesis of ore-related granites and associated Li mineralization has remained equivocal. We conducted a geochemical, isotopic, and geochronological study on the West 509-Daoban two-mica granites and metasedimentary rocks to determine their magma sources, petrogenesis, and tectonic setting and their implications for Li mineralization. Zircon and monazite U–Th–Pb dating revealed that the West 509-Daoban two-mica granites formed at 206–205 Ma. The 509-Daoban two-mica granites, characterized by high-K calc-alkaline to shoshonite series and strongly peraluminous affinity, are classified as S-type granites with initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr (I_Sr) ratios of 0.71532 ∼ 0.71661, ε_Nd(t) values of −9.96 ∼ −9.52, ε_Hf(t) values of −9.73 ∼ −2.36, and δ⁷Li values of −0.7 ∼ +1.9 ‰, likely resulting from the partial melting of Triassic clay-rich pelitic metasedimentary rocks and subsequent extensive fractional crystallization. Given the regional geological setting, we propose that the 509-Daoban two-mica granites and corresponding Li mineralization formed in an extensional setting controlled by the consumption and closure of the Paleo-Tethys Ocean during the Late Triassic. A comprehensive discriminant analysis suggested that clay-rich pelitic metasediments, an external heat source, and a highly fractionated rare metal-enriched fertile granitic magma were favourable factors for Li mineralization in the WKOB.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"184 ","pages":"Article 106769"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144571726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mineralogical and geochemical study of Nb mineralization in the giant Bayan Obo deposit","authors":"Qian Chen ,&nbsp;Wenlei Song ,&nbsp;Cheng Xu ,&nbsp;Shanna Xue ,&nbsp;Danni Xu ,&nbsp;Biao Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106771","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106771","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Bayan Obo deposit is the world’s largest rare earth (REE) and second-largest niobium (Nb) deposit. It contains more than 70 % of China’s present Nb resources. Most published papers deal with the origin of the H8 ore-hosting carbonatite and its REE mineralization of the deposit. However, few studies focus on the Nb mineralization. The nature and ore-forming process of Nb mineralization, as well as its relationship with REE mineralization, are still poorly constrained. This study conducted petrographic, mineralogical, and geochemical work on representative Nb ores (i.e., primary calcite and dolomite carbonatite, veined calcite and dolomite ores) in the Bayan Obo deposit. The carbonatites are calcite and dolomite carbonatites. Their carbonates and apatites were characterized by high Sr contents and mantle-derived depleted ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr_i (0.70272–0.70327) isotopes, confirming the carbonatitic origin. Pyrochlore and columbite are the main Nb minerals in carbonatites, and the former was marginally overgrown by the latter due to post-magmatic alterations. U-Pb dating suggests that the columbites were formed at 1321 ± 53 Ma, consistent with the reported carbonatite intrusion age. In veined calcite ores, aeschynite is the dominant Nb mineral, associated with bastnäsite, apatite, aegirine, and barite, and occurs as veinlets that infiltrate calcites. In veined dolomite ores, columbite aggregates occur along the edge of the monazite-fluorite veins. Various Nb (rutile-Nb, columbite, baotite, fersmite, etc.) and REE minerals intergrow with each other, occur as biotite-dominated veinlets or patches overprinted on the dolomites. These mineralogical textures of veined ores indicate the obvious hydrothermal origin of Nb mineralization. Based on the above results, we suggest that primary Nb mineralization at the Bayan Obo originated from the Mesoproterozoic carbonatite magmatism. Later, Nb was remobilized and transported via external F-bearing hydrothermal fluid alteration, and subsequently precipitated due to an ore-forming fluid-rock reaction, leading to the present complex Nb mineralization. The Nb mineralization was usually associated with REE mineralization, and the different nature of the metasomatic fluids could explain their decoupling.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"184 ","pages":"Article 106771"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144604691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geochronological, geochemical and isotopic constraints on the genesis of Cu mineralization in the giant Zhuxi W–Cu deposit, South China","authors":"Yongpeng Ouyang ,&nbsp;Zengqian Hou ,&nbsp;Xiaolong He ,&nbsp;Xiaofei Pan ,&nbsp;Jin Wei ,&nbsp;Runling Zeng ,&nbsp;Qi Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106767","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106767","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The reported coexisting Cu and W mineralization of economic significance in single ore deposit worldwide is rare. However, both Cu and W mineralization have been discovered in the giant Zhuxi W-Cu deposit in South China. To address the genetic relations between the shallow Cu and deep W mineralization in this giant ore system, here we report U-Pb dating, trace element and Hf isotope data of zircon from the Cu-related granodiorite porphyry, U-Pb dating and trace element data for hydrothermal titanite and S isotopic data for sulfide related to Cu mineralization. The U-Pb ages of zircons from two granodiorite porphyry samples are 155.7 ± 0.8 Ma and 152.5 ± 0.7 Ma, respectively, which are consistent with the U-Pb age of the hydrothermal titanites of 154.5 ± 5.0 Ma, suggesting that the shallow Cu mineralization formed in the late Jurassic and was simultaneously associated with the deep giant W mineralization at Zhuxi. Trace element composition of titanites favor a high <em>f</em>H₂O and relatively low <em>f</em>O₂ environment for Cu formation. Sulfides exhibit δ³⁴S values ranging from –0.9 ‰ to 3.5 ‰, indicating a magmatic origin. Zircons from the granodiorite porphyry present ε_Hf(<em>t</em>) values of − 9.9 to 1.3, suggesting that the Cu ore-related granodiorite magmas were derived mainly from the partial melting of Cu-enriched metavolcanoclastic rocks with minor mantle sources. Trace element composition of zircons indicate a magma mixing process with high-temperature melts &gt; 750 °C that are relatively rich in Y, Th and rare earth elements but with lower Hf concentrations, being added to relatively low-temperature ∼ 700 °C crustal-derived granodiorite magmas. Combining the above data and previously determined zircon Lu–Hf isotopes, we propose that the Cu and W in Zhuxi may have been derived mainly from the partial melting of Cu-enriched metavolcanoclastic rocks and W-enriched metasedimentary sequences of the Neoproterozoic juvenile crust, respectively. The intrusion of the Cu-related granodiorite porphyry should have been triggered by the upwelling of heated mafic magmas from the asthenospheric mantle during the Late Jurassic lithospheric compressional–extensional conversion stage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"184 ","pages":"Article 106767"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144571725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Late Variscan tectonic orogenic collapse as a trigger for Sn-W mineralizing systems. U-Pb ore geochronology across the Martinamor gneissic dome (Salamanca, Spain)","authors":"Daniel Bermejo ,&nbsp;Lorena Ortega ,&nbsp;Santos Barrios Sánchez ,&nbsp;Lorenzo Tavazzani ,&nbsp;Pedro Castiñeiras ,&nbsp;Cyril Chelle-Michou ,&nbsp;Elena Crespo ,&nbsp;Kelvin dos Santos Alves ,&nbsp;Juan Gómez-Barreiro","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106762","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106762","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Regional tectonothermal evolution is a primary factor for many mineral deposits formation. Late orogenic gravitational collapse has been widely recognized across different orogens, including the Variscan belt. The Martinamor gneissic dome is a well constrained structure related to the late-Variscan orogenic collapse in the Iberian Massif. We have investigated Sn-W mineralization spatially related to the Martinamor dome by LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating of cassiterite and wolframite, revealing a wide mineralization timespan of 40 Myr. Our results show: a) an early (338.1 ± 5.8 Ma), minor mineralization phase, (W-dominated), potentially related to Variscan compressive phases; b) a second, major stage which lasted from 324.1 ± 5.9 to 300.7 ± 5.4 Ma, which includes Sn-bearing pegmatites and Sn-W veins formed under the <em>syn</em>-collisional extensional collapse. Structural evidence highlights the role of extensional detachments in channeling mineralizing fluids and creating suitable traps under ductile and ductile–brittle conditions; it also explains the temporal and spatial distribution of the Sn-W vein-type mineralizations in the zone.</div><div>Comparisons with other Variscan deposits in the Iberian Massif and European counterparts suggest a regional metallogenic cycle linked to late-Variscan extensional collapse, heat advection, and crustal partial melting processes. These findings underscore the Martinamor dome as a unique structure recording a protracted Variscan tectono-magmatic-metallogenic event, with implications for understanding Sn-W deposit formation in orogenic settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"184 ","pages":"Article 106762"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144580703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}