Ore Geology Reviews最新文献

{"title":"Genesis and metallogenesis of Early Cambrian manganese deposits on the northwestern margin of the Yangtze Platform, South China","authors":"Ji-Min Cai ,&nbsp;Wen-Bin Cheng ,&nbsp;Bo Ran ,&nbsp;Xing-Hai Lang ,&nbsp;Chun-Zhang Wu ,&nbsp;Wen-Li Xu ,&nbsp;Meng-Lin Li ,&nbsp;Zi-Hang Song","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2026.107180","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2026.107180","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Abundant microbially textured “spherical” kutnohorite in the Early Cambrian Maowanli Mn deposit provides new constraints on the precipitation mechanism of Mn carbonates. Here we integrate petrography with EDS, EPMA, and TIMA analyses to document mineral assemblages and Mn-bearing phases, and combine major-trace element geochemistry, TOC-TS data, and C-O isotopes to constrain the sources of ore-forming materials and depositional redox conditions. The Maowanli Mn ores are dominated by kutnohorite, Mn-calcite, and alabandite, with abundant framboidal pyrite (mean diameter &lt; 6 μm), organic matter, barite, and hyalophane. The occurrence of hyalophane, together with hydrothermal-related geochemical signatures (e.g., Al/(Al + Fe + Mn) &lt; 0.35 and (Fe + Mn)/Ti &gt; 20), indicates that ore-forming components were mainly supplied by submarine hydrothermal inputs. Framboidal pyrite size distributions and redox-sensitive proxies (e.g., V/(V + Ni), V/Cr, and Ni/Co) suggest that Mn mineralization occurred under a highly dynamic water-column setting with fluctuating dysoxic-suboxic-euxinic conditions. Elevated TOC (&gt;1 wt%), coupled with Cd-Mo systematics, implies relatively high organic matter input and weakly restricted to restricted depositional conditions. Enrichments in TOC, TS, and redox-sensitive trace metals (U, Mo, and V) further support a “sulfidic wedge” was present in a stratified paleo-ocean. Slightly negative Ce anomalies (average 0.63), negative δ¹³Ccarb values (average −6.21‰), and a strong positive Mn-TOC correlation argue against a dominant transformation from Mn oxides/oxyhydroxides. We propose that “spherical” kutnohorite precipitated directly in an anoxic ferruginous environment, mediated by bacterial sulfate reduction (BSR) and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"190 ","pages":"Article 107180"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147422359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tracing copper mineralisation anomalies using multi-element geochemistry and machine learning in the Okiep Copper District, South Africa","authors":"Musawenkosi Buthelezi,&nbsp;Glen T. Nwaila,&nbsp;Grant M. Bybee,&nbsp;Musa S.D. Manzi","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2026.107147","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2026.107147","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Copper (Cu) remains a critical component of the global energy transition, underpinning technologies from renewable power infrastructure to electric vehicles. As demand continues to increase, the discovery of new Cu deposits becomes increasingly urgent. However, greenfield exploration is becoming riskier and costlier, prompting a renewed focus on brownfield regions, especially those with underutilised historical datasets and proven mineral systems. The Okiep Copper District, located in the Northern Cape Province of South Africa, hosts one of the world’s oldest known Cu districts. It represents a geologically complex, multistage mineralised system within the Mesoproterozoic anorthosite–charnockite–dominated Koperberg Suite. Despite extensive historical mining, the region remains underexplored using modern tools, offering a compelling opportunity to revisit its prospectivity through data-driven approaches. This study aims to refine exploration targeting in the Okiep District by integrating machine learning (ML) based anomaly detection with multivariate geochemical interpretations. In this study, we applied three unsupervised outlier detection algorithms, namely (a) Isolation Forest (IF), (b) Local Outlier Factor (LOF), and (c) Angle-Based Outlier Detection (ABOD), to regional stream sediment geochemical data. Each algorithm provides details of potential Cu hotspots for target exploration, i.e., IF and LOF showed concentration of geochemical anomalies closer to structural boundaries, while ABOD provided spatial zonation patterns. Key findings include (a) a significant spatial correlation (22–30% within 5 km) between Cu occurrences and major faults, particularly the Skelmfontein Thrust Zone; (b) a diagnostic Cu-Fe₂O₃T-Zn association consistent with intermediate sulfidation conditions; and (c) the identification of novel high-temperature pathfinder elements (Sb, U, Th, Co, Y), suggesting a metasomatic overprint potentially linked to hybrid crustal-mantle fluids. Based on these findings, a mineral prospectivity model is proposed for Okiep-type deposits, integrating structural architecture (e.g., fault intersections and dyke margins), geochemical vectors, and metallogenic analogues. This holistic framework underscores the value of coupling domain knowledge with machine learning for copper prospectivity mapping in structurally complex terranes. The results have direct implications for brownfield exploration strategy and highlight the need to incorporate multi-variate/source data.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"190 ","pages":"Article 107147"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146192530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pegmatite evolution and mineralization: insights from tourmaline geochemistry and boron isotopes","authors":"Liu Xuemin ,&nbsp;Wu Xu ,&nbsp;Yang Yuanliang ,&nbsp;Yue Dabin ,&nbsp;Liao Xingjian ,&nbsp;Zhao Pufeng ,&nbsp;Wang Guozhi ,&nbsp;Liu Bingli","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2026.107156","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2026.107156","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>While the magmatic source and evolution significantly influence rare metal mineralization in pegmatites, a critical unresolved question remains: within the same mining district, some spatially close pegmatites are mineralized while others are not. This highlights the existence of other crucial factors governing pegmatite mineralization. Tourmaline, a common borosilicate mineral in pegmatite systems, serves as a key indicator for deciphering mineralization processes. We studied the tourmaline from the Murong Li deposit (Asia’s largest single-vein Li deposit) using geochemistry, boron isotopes, and mineralogy. Three types were identified: BP-Tur (tourmaline in barren pegmatite), FP-Tur (tourmaline in fertile pegmatite), and AC-Tur (tourmaline in altered country rock). BP-Tur and FP-Tur exhibit pronounced zoning textures, indicating magmatic-hydrothermal formation. BP-Tur crystallized in a low-salinity, high-ƒO₂, fluid-rich setting. In contrast, FP-Tur formed under initially low ƒO₂ and low salinity, with both parameters increasing during later crystallization. AC-Tur is fine-grained, non-zoned and formed in a low-temperature, high-pressure, high-salinity, and high-ƒO₂ environment. Its heavier δ¹¹B values stem from ¹¹B-enriched magmatic fluids. Systematic boron isotope variations across growth zones in BP-Tur and FP-Tur record magmatic evolution under open and closed conditions, respectively. This interpretation is corroborated by higher estimated pressures for FP-Tur relative to BP-Tur, consistent with fluid loss and pressure decrease in open systems. Unlike previous studies, we find no direct correlation between the contents of Li, Sn, Nb, or Ta in tourmaline and mineralization. Instead, the closure of the magmatic system is a critical control on Li mineralization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"190 ","pages":"Article 107156"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146122644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ore-forming processes of the Uragen giant sandstone-hosted Zn-Pb deposit in the Ulugqat Basin, Xinjiang, Northwest China: Constraints from sphalerite micro-texture, elemental and in-situ sulfur isotopic compositions","authors":"Rongzhen Gao ,&nbsp;Mingjia Hou ,&nbsp;Chunji Xue ,&nbsp;Guoxiang Chi ,&nbsp;Lin Meng ,&nbsp;Jiale Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2026.107158","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2026.107158","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Uragen giant sandstone-hosted Zn-Pb deposit is located in the Ulugqat basin, Northwest China. The mineralization mainly features disseminated sulfides such as sphalerite, galena, minor pyrite and marcasite in the bleached sandstone and conglomerate, with no discernable crosscutting relationships between different mineral assemblages. It is generally agreed that the deposit is of epigenetic nature and formed from hydrothermal fluids, but the detailed ore-forming processes remain poorly understood. In this study, three generations of sphalerite with different colors, morphologies and micro-textures were identified in hydrothermal mineralization, i.e., Sph1 (coarse-grained, grey, non-fluorescence), Sph2 (coarse-grained, honey-yellow, non-fluorescence), and Sph3 (fine-grained, colorless, yellowish-brown and celeste fluorescence). The micro-textures, major and trace elements, and sulfur isotopes of the different generations of sphalerite were examined with microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, electron probe microanalysis and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The early sphalerites (Sph1 and Sph2) show relatively high Fe-Mn-Ga-Ge-As-Tl contents, low Cd-Cu-Ag contents and high δ³⁴S values (+9.9‰ ∼ +74‰), whereas the late sphalerites (Sph3) display relatively low Fe-Mn-Ga-Ge-As-Tl contents, high Cd-Cu-Ag contents and low δ³⁴S values (−12.91‰ ∼ +5.06‰). Based on the GGIMFis geothermometer and the FeS mol% of sphalerite, the average precipitation temperatures are estimated to be 124.1 ℃ for Sph1, 148 ℃ for Sph2, and 107 ℃ for Sph3, and the average log fS₂ values are calculated to be −17.1 for Sph1, −14.9 for Sph2, and −16.2 for Sph3. These differences among three generations of sphalerite may indicate the hydrothermal mineralization of an early stage, including two pulsed substages, and a late stage under different physicochemical conditions. H₂S in the early stage is primarily derived from thermal sulfate reduction (TSR) of residual aqueous sulfate with high and variable δ³⁴S values in the sulfate-closed sandstone reservoir, while it is likely formed by in situ bacterial sulfate reduction (BSR) of dissolved sulfate from the evaporite sequences of the Paleocene Aertashi Formation in the late stage. We therefore proposed that the multistage mineralization and multiple sulfur sources may account for the formation of the Uragen giant sandstone-hosted Zn-Pb deposit, which involved episodic influx of hydrocarbon and hydrothermal fluids driven by basin inversion due to the far-field effects of the India-Eurasia collision. This study highlights the necessity of basin structure and evaporites in future ore prospecting of the Uragen-style sandstone-hosted Zn-Pb mineralization in comparable foreland basin in front of South Tianshan and elsewhere.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"190 ","pages":"Article 107158"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146192531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “The sources and melting mechanism of granites control large-scale indium mineralization in the southwestern Yangtze Block, China” [Ore Geol. Rev. 189 (2026) 107123]","authors":"Xiaohu He ,&nbsp;Jiaxin Liu ,&nbsp;Taiping Zhao ,&nbsp;Xia Yuan ,&nbsp;Lin Gong ,&nbsp;Hui Chen ,&nbsp;Yan Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2026.107177","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2026.107177","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"190 ","pages":"Article 107177"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147422360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geological, fluid inclusion, and C-H-O-S-Pb isotope constraints on the genesis of the Eastern gold deposit in the Songshunangou gold district, North Qilian orogenic belt, China","authors":"Zifeng Ye ,&nbsp;Xuhui Wang ,&nbsp;Xinghai Lang ,&nbsp;Huanli Gao ,&nbsp;Stephanie Lohmeier ,&nbsp;Weizhe Wu ,&nbsp;Zuopeng Xiang ,&nbsp;Shixin Zhong ,&nbsp;Weicai Dong ,&nbsp;Chao Luo ,&nbsp;Shancai Li ,&nbsp;Ke Li ,&nbsp;Dengke Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2026.107149","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2026.107149","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Eastern deposit in the Songshunangou district is the first discovered intermediate-sulfidation (IS) epithermal gold deposit in the North Qilian orogenic belt. Gold mineralization is associated with sericite-chlorite and phyllic alteration styles. Petrographic observations of veinlets and their crosscutting relationships define three distinct hydrothermal stages (I to III): The stage I is represented by pyrite and carbonates (calcite and manganocalcite), while the stage II is reflected by the mineral assemblage galena, Fe-poor sphalerite, chalcopyrite, pyrite, native gold, and tennantite, with trace tetrahedrite and electrum. Gangue minerals are quartz and carbonates (manganocalcite, calcite, ankerite, and dolomite). The stage III is defined by carbonates (manganocalcite, calcite, ankerite, and dolomite), quartz, pyrite, and minor native gold. Homogenization temperatures and salinities obtained from fluid inclusions decrease from stage II (112–191°C; 2.74–12.96 wt% NaCl eqv.) to stage III (103–144°C; 1.40–10.49 wt% NaCl eqv.), indicating that the ore-forming fluids of the Eastern deposit were low-temperature, medium- to low-salinity fluids of the NaCl-H₂O system. The isotopic signatures of S (δ³⁴S = +1.31‰ to +9.93‰) and Pb (²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, and ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb with 18.391–18.701‰, 15.623–15.635‰ and 38.186–38.414‰, respectively) point to a mantle-derived magmatic source for the ore-forming metals, with minor contributions from the upper crust. Carbon (−2.47‰ to −0.18‰), oxygen (−5.30‰ to −2.70‰), and hydrogen (−83.6‰ to −58.7‰) isotope data indicate that both magmatic fluids and meteoric water have been involved during ore precipitation. Our data suggest that the mineralization at the Eastern gold deposit in the Songshunangou gold district was formed by hydrothermal activity related to Late Ordovician magmatism. The ore-forming components, derived from a mantle magma source, were transported upward by the fluid. During migration, these fluids mixed with meteoric water and cooled, causing the precipitation of large amounts of gold.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"190 ","pages":"Article 107149"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147422366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond fixed thresholds: trend surface modeling of geochemical anomalies in the Shadan porphyry gold–copper deposit, eastern Iran","authors":"Hamid Geranian ,&nbsp;Davood Raeisi ,&nbsp;Saeid Hajsadeghi","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2026.107160","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2026.107160","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Shadan porphyry Au–Cu deposit in eastern Iran has undergone significant erosion, yielding mostly low-grade surface geochemical signatures and a mixture of porphyry- and epithermal-style mineralization. Under such conditions, conventional contouring with a single threshold fails to resolve geochemical anomalies reliably. To overcome this limitation, we applied six trend surface functions-linear, quadratic, cubic polynomials, spline, logistic, and Fourier—to lithogeochemical data (480 rock samples) and generated corresponding trend and residual maps for Au and Cu. Model performance was evaluated against the mineralization production index (derived from 20,111 drill-core assays from 93 boreholes) and the mapped geology. Results show that spline, Fourier, and logistic functions most effectively capture the mineralization trend, while their residual maps amplify anomaly intensity and areal extent by roughly two- to three-fold, improving delineation of mineralized zones. Simpler first- and second-order polynomials are adequate for straightforward mineralization patterns, whereas cubic polynomials and logistic functions provide greater accuracy in moderately complex settings. For multi-stage and telescope mineralization systems such as Shadan, spline and Fourier models are the most suitable. These findings demonstrate that trend–residual decomposition provides a more robust alternative to fixed-threshold mapping for anomaly-background separation in porphyry exploration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"190 ","pages":"Article 107160"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146192594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic study of the Shuangwang gold deposit in the Western Qinling, China: Constraints from monazite dating, S isotope, and Ca isotope compositions","authors":"Chen Binghan ,&nbsp;Liu Shanbao ,&nbsp;Fan Jianfu ,&nbsp;Cheng Jianjun","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2026.107143","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2026.107143","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The West Qinling region hosts a wide variety of gold deposits in China. The genesis of the Shuangwang gold deposit in the Fengxian–Taibai area has long been debated, with multiple interpretations proposed in previous studies. The primary points under debate are the uncertainty in the metallogenic age of the deposit and the ambiguity in the sources of the ore-forming materials. The deposit primarily consists of breccia-type ores, in which the breccia clasts are primarily composed of Devonian albite, while the cement consists mainly of hydrothermal ankerite, calcite, pyrite, and quartz, with hydrothermal monazite developed within. This study investigates the mineralization age of the Shuangwang gold deposit through U–Pb dating of monazite within the cement of the breccia-type ores. Additionally, the S isotopes of pyrite from the main mineralization stages were analyzed using LA–MC–ICP–MS, and Ca isotopes of the cement were determined to constrain the sources of ore-forming materials and fluids. Monazite U–Pb ages of 221.9 ± 1.3 Ma, 216.9 ± 3.3 Ma, and 214.4 ± 2.0 Ma were obtained, corresponding to the mineralization period of nearby magmatic–hydrothermal deposits and aligning with regional Triassic magmatic activity. Four textural types of pyrite were identified microscopically. The in-situ S isotope compositions of euhedral, vein-type, massive, and allotriomorphic pyrites ranged from 11.30‰ to 12.73‰ (average 11.94‰), 5.982‰ to 12.76‰ (average 9.202‰), 7.625‰ to 11.17‰ (average 9.306‰), and 6.988‰ to 12.28‰ (average 10.00‰), respectively. The Ca isotope values of ankerite and calcite ranged from 0.23‰ to 0.29‰ and from 0.22‰ to 0.38‰, respectively. Based on isotopic evidence and dating reuslt, this study proposes that mineralization at Shuangwang is closely related to regional magmatic activity. The ore-forming fluids exhibits characteristics of water–rock interaction between the surrounding Devonian Xinghongpu Formation and the magmatic hydrothermal fluid, during which magmatic hydrothermal fluids leached wallrocks and mobilized ore-forming components that ultimately participated in gold mineralization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"190 ","pages":"Article 107143"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146122643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metal endowment and fertility of Andean porphyry-copper belts","authors":"Osvaldo Rabbia","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2026.107153","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2026.107153","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Andes are among the richest copper-bearing regions globally, hosting significant porphyry copper deposits (PCDs). The Central Andes segment has become a focal point in global copper production, with substantial contributions from Cenozoic PCDs. This study provides an updated assessment of the copper endowment generated over the last 80 million years and its spatial–temporal distribution along the Andean orogen. The new estimates indicate that the total copper is about 1,300 Mt distributed within five major Andean PCD belts, emphasizing the importance of reassessing the region’s copper fertility.</div><div>Focus is placed on the younger and better-preserved Neogene PCD belts, which minimize preservation biases and allow for more accurate comparisons of their metallogenic fertility. The results highlight the heterogeneous distribution of copper, with significant disparities between the Northern and Central Andes despite their similar geodynamic settings. Notably, average copper productivity correlates strongly with PCD belt age in the Central Andes, suggesting a combination of preservation bias and increasing copper fertility with time.</div><div>This work also explores the relationship between slab flattening related to the subduction of buoyant oceanic anomalies and PCD formation. The findings underscore their role as critical geodynamic factors of metallogenic efficiency in Neogene PCD belts.</div><div>This study emphasizes the interplay between tectonic compression, magmatic productivity, and ore preservation, providing valuable insights for future target generation programs in the Andes and analogous subduction settings worldwide. By linking large-scale geodynamic processes to metallogenic outcomes, this work advances understanding of the factors governing copper endowment and fertility. It confirms the fertility of the Andean continental arc as a highly prospective target region for the future exploration of additional, but likely concealed, porphyry Cu systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"190 ","pages":"Article 107153"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146192598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In situ trace element and sulfur isotope characteristics of pyrite from the Dapingzhang Cu − Au polymetallic deposit: Insights into Au mineralization processes","authors":"Shanshan Ru ,&nbsp;Guo Li ,&nbsp;Chuandong Xue ,&nbsp;Feng Li","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2026.107154","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2026.107154","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Dapingzhang Cu − Au polymetallic deposit is a large volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) deposit formed during the Proto − Tethyan stage in western Yunnan Province, SW China, and exhibits a stratified distribution with upper massive orebodies (V1) and lower veinlet orebodies (V2). Au − rich orebodies predominantly occur within the massive orebodies near the 16^# exploration line. This study investigates the microstructures, trace elemental, and sulfur isotopic compositions of pyrite, chalcopyrite, and sphalerite from the Au − rich orebodies at 1150 m and 1130 m levels to constrain the Au-bearing hydrothermal fluid sources, migration, and ore genesis. Four pyrite types were identified, representing three mineralization stages: (1) early-stage Py1 − 1 with sedimentary-formed strawberry − like textures; (2) late-stage Py1 − 2 formed through Py1 − 1 aggregation into irregular or euhedral crystals; and (3) Py2 (first-order zoning on Py1 − 2) and Py3 (second-order zoning on Py2). All Py1 − 2, Py2, and Py3 are hydrothermal in origin. Trace elemental composition reveals higher Sb concentrations in pyrite at the 1150 m level compared to those at the 1130 m level, with similar concentrating trends of Cu, Pb, Au, and Se. Evolutionary sequence analysis shows increasing Cu and Au concentrations but decreasing Co and Se concentrations in Py1 − 2, Py2, and Py3 across both the 1150 m and 1130 m levels. All pyrites are enriched in Au, Cu, Pb, Zn, and Sb but are depleted in Co, Ni, Tl, Se, Ti, and Sn. Sulfur isotope values (δ³⁴S =  − 2.63 to + 1.12‰) of pyrite, chalcopyrite, and sphalerite suggest a magmatic sulfur affinity. Gold mineralization is associated with E − W-trending ore-conducting faults. Au − rich fluids migrated upward through fractures, leaching Py1 − 1 to form inclusion textures and causing localized recrystallization that produced Au − enriched Py1 − 2. Continuous fluid replenishment generated Au − rich Py2. Since Py2 − forming fluids were not fully consumed, Py3 − forming fluids added more Au, reaching supersaturation and precipitating native gold and calaverite within Py2 − Py3 intergrowths and fractures. Sustained fluid supply ultimately formed the Au − rich orebodies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"190 ","pages":"Article 107154"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146122645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}