Ore Geology Reviews最新文献

{"title":"Geochronology and petrogenesis of late triassic-early jurassic LCT pegmatites from the Yamon-Kazat area, southern Myanmar: Implications for magmatic evolution","authors":"Aye Pyae Phyo , Huan Li , Aung Zaw Myint , Xiao-Jun Hu , Mohamed Faisal","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106633","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106633","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Mesozoic granitoids in the Southeast Asia Tin Belt, stretching over 2800 km from Myanmar to Indonesia, represent a significant geological and economic resource due to their association with diverse mineral resources and complex tectonic history. Despite the extensive documentation of magmatic phases within this belt, there have been no records of Late Triassic to Early Jurassic magmatism in southern Myanmar until recent investigations. A systematic geological study in the Yamon-Kazat (YK) area of the Myeik Sn-W district in southern Myanmar addresses this gap by focusing on the age, petrogenesis, and tectonic context of Jurassic magmatism. This study integrates field work, petrographic identification, bulk geochemistry data, in situ zircon U-Pb-Lu-Hf isotopic analyses, and zircon trace element chemistry. Field studies in the YK area identified granitic pegmatites occurring as small-scale intrusions, veins, and dyke swarms. These pegmatites display mineralogical assemblages dominated by quartz, alkali-feldspar, plagioclase, lepidolite, and muscovite with minor alteration minerals (sericite, chlorite, and iron oxides). Geochemically, the parental magma of YK pegmatites is derived from S-type granitic sources and exhibits a moderately peraluminous affinity. They are enriched in Li (178–>10,000 ppm), Sn (93–>10,000 ppm), Rb (325–>10,000 ppm), Cs (21–1800 ppm), Ta (20–173 ppm), Nb (42–167 ppm), and Be (23–407 ppm). They show a negative Eu anomaly (average Eu/Eu*<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->∼0.69) and moderate enrichment of light rare-earth elements, revealing geochemical signatures similar to Lithium–Cesium–Tantalum (LCT) pegmatite. The zircon chemistry displays high contents of U, Th, Pb, Y, and REEs, suggesting generation through extensive fractional crystallization from a residual parental granitic source. Geochronologically, three types of zircons have been identified in the YK samples. The first group consists of xenocrystic zircons with <sup>206</sup>Pb/<sup>238</sup>U ages ranging from 3619.4 ± 61.97 Ma to 339.6 ± 7.8 Ma, characterized by anhedral-subhedral crystal morphologies. These zircons exhibit oscillatory zoning in their inherited cores and are surrounded by overgrowth rims. The second group comprises magmatic zircons, which are observed as euhedral prismatic to subhedral circular grains with distinct oscillatory zoning, commonly surrounded by bright, thin recrystallized rims. These grains yielded concordia ages ranging from 201.6 ± 1.5 Ma to 199.1 ± 1.4 Ma, indicating the emplacement of YK pegmatites in the Late Triassic to Early Jurassic. The third group consists of younger secondary zircons, dated from overgrowth rims, with <sup>206</sup>Pb/<sup>238</sup>U ages ranging from 180.6 ± 3.91 Ma to 46 ± 1.09 Ma. These grains contain elevated concentrations of Nb, Ta, Ti, and P (avg. 286.2, 103.5, 105.4, and 1415 ppm, respectively) compared to the inherited and magmatic zircons. The <sup>176</sup>Hf/<sup>177</sup>Hf ratios (0","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"181 ","pages":"Article 106633"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143873312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-stage evolution of a gold mineralization from southern China: Implications for the ore-forming processes","authors":"Yayun Liang ,&nbsp;Wenhao Xue ,&nbsp;Long Li ,&nbsp;Christoph Beier ,&nbsp;Hongsheng He ,&nbsp;Jincheng Xiao ,&nbsp;Jun Deng","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106618","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106618","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Jinshan gold deposit is hosted in the Neoproterozoic metasedimentary rocks in the central part of the Jiangnan Orogen in southern China. Multiple generations of arsenopyrite and pyrite were formed: Stage 1 arsenopyrite- pyrrhotite, Stage 2 quartz–arsenopyrite–gold and Stage 3 quartz–carbonate–pyrite. Here, we present <em>in situ</em> major element, trace element, trace element mapping, and <em>in situ</em> sulfur isotope analyses of sulfides. Gold enrichment is not dependent on As, but may be transmitted through the low melting chalcophile element (LMCE) such as Pb, Bi, Sb, Te. The ore-forming fluids of gold mineralization were likely derived from a magmatic source. We analyze the detailed enrichment process that the early fluid has low contents of Au but as a result of decreasing in temperature the ore-forming fluids; the dissolution and reprecipitation process of arsenopyrite caused by late magmatic-hydrothermal fluid with elevated Au content led to the local change of <em>f</em>o₂ in the fluid, thereby promoting the release of Au.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"181 ","pages":"Article 106618"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143873313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Triassic gold-polymetallic mineralization in the middle section of the Central Asian orogenic belt: In-situ garnet U-Pb dating and composition analyzing on the garnets from Laodonggou deposit","authors":"Weidong Tang ,&nbsp;Yongbao Gao ,&nbsp;Liyong Wei ,&nbsp;Zhanlin Ge ,&nbsp;Huanhuan Wu ,&nbsp;Tianhang Liu ,&nbsp;Cheng Ma ,&nbsp;Xuepeng Duan","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106617","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106617","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Beishan Orogenic Belt, situated in the middle section of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB), is a key region for endogenous metal mineralization. Within this belt, the Laodonggou gold–polymetallic deposit is a representative example of such deposits. Skarn-type ore is the most important ore type, and the skarn stage represents the initial phase of enrichment and mineralization of metallic minerals, including gold and copper. Garnet, the dominant alteration mineral during the skarn stage, provides crucial insights into the physicochemical characteristics, fluid environment, and timing of the early mineralization at Laodonggou. Two generations of garnets were identified in the deposit. Garnets formed during the prograde skarn stage primarily belong to the andradite-grossular transitional series, while those formed during the retrograde skarn stage are predominantly andradite. Findings revealed that the early zoned garnets from the prograde skarn stage developed under relatively neutral, weakly oxidizing to weakly reducing conditions, with a low water–rock ratio and relatively closed fluid conditions. During the retrograde skarn stage, the fluid environment became weakly acidic and weakly oxidizing, with an open fluid system, higher water–rock ratios, and increased oxygen fugacity. Moreover, fluid metasomatism during this stage was characterized by infiltrative metasomatism, which facilitated gold enrichment and mineralization. Garnet in-situ U–Pb ages of 243.5 ± 9.1 Ma and 245.6 ± 5.3 Ma were obtained for the Laodonggou deposit for the first time, which serves as a representative example of the Triassic gold–polymetallic mineralization event in the middle section of the CAOB. During the Triassic, the middle CAOB experienced three major subduction phases, namely, 258–247 Ma, 234–230 Ma, and 222–211 Ma. Similarly, regional intermediate-felsic magmatic intrusions occurred in three phases, namely, 248–233 Ma, 225–217 Ma, and 207–209 Ma. The prolonged and intermittent subduction provided abundant deep-seated metallogenic materials, making the Triassic one of the most critical periods for metal mineralization in the region, which can be divided into two relatively concentrated phases. The period of 250–220 Ma saw the peak for gold and polymetallic mineralization, while 213–203 Ma experienced weaker gold–polymetallic mineralization, with rare metal mineralization dominating. Isotope studies of S, Pb, and C–O indicate that the metallogenic materials of the deposit originated from a mixed source, including deep-seated magmas and country rocks, with magmatic fluids playing a dominant role in the mineralization process. Based on the characteristics of rare earth elements, we conclude that the skarn, gold ore bodies, and diorite porphyrite of the deposit are products of the same magmatic-hydrothermal mineralization system. Therefore, the Laodonggou gold–polymetallic deposit is interpreted as having a magmatic origin.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"181 ","pages":"Article 106617"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143873314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geochemical constraints on the genesis of Au mineralization at the Wangzhuang deposit, South Qinling, China: Insights from fluid inclusion, trace elements, and H–O–S–Fe–Pb isotopic studies","authors":"Wuyi Meng ,&nbsp;Jiajun Liu ,&nbsp;Emmanuel John M. Carranza ,&nbsp;Faqiao Li ,&nbsp;Yongbao Gao ,&nbsp;Liyong Wei ,&nbsp;Zhen Zhang ,&nbsp;Huanhuan Wu ,&nbsp;Bin Jia ,&nbsp;Xin Zheng ,&nbsp;Ningbo Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106593","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106593","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Zhen’an–Xunyang Basin, a rifted basin in the South Qinling orogenic belt, hosts significant Hg–Sb–Au deposits, including Gongguan, Qingtonggou, and recently discovered Carlin-type gold deposits like the Wang Zhuang deposit. The Wang Zhuang gold deposit, characterized by bedding-parallel fault zone control, providing the setting to study the genetic mechanisms of Au deposits. Current assessments indicate a potential Au resource of 2.57 tons within the Wangzhuang gold deposit, highlighting promising prospects. The alteration and mineralization processes of the Wangzhuang deposit are divided into three stages: (Ⅰ) arsenopyrite–quartz vein stage, (Ⅱ) quartz veins with arsenian pyrite stage, and (Ⅲ) quartz-carbonate stage. The initial two stages, reflecting the principal phase of ore formation, are closely interconnected, while Stage III encompasses a subsequent phase of mineralization characterized by relatively weaker alteration and mineralization. This study reveals magmatic involvement in ore formation through H–O–S–Fe–Pb isotope analyses. Fluid inclusion analyses of quartz reveal that the Au mineralization is associated with medium– to low–temperature (112–330 °C) and medium– to low–salinity (1.3–11.4 wt% NaCl equivalent) fluids enriched with organic components. The H–O isotopes of quartz show δD_V-SMOW values ranging from −83.8 ‰ to −75.4 ‰, decreasing from early to late mineralization stages. S isotopic analyses of pyrite and arsenopyrite reveal δ³⁴S values of 8.4 ‰ to 10.9 ‰ in arsenopyrite, significantly lower than the δ³⁴S values of 35.6 ‰ to 60.4 ‰ in the surrounding strata, indicating a non-stratigraphic sulfur source. Fe isotopes suggest that δ⁵⁶Fe values range from 0.2 ‰ to 2.1 ‰ before mineralization and 0.6 ‰ to 2.0 ‰ during mineralization, indicating Fe was primarily derived from adjacent strata. Pb isotopic ratios of pyrite and arsenopyrite exhibit the following ranges: ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb from 39.700 to 40.368, ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb from 15.977 to 16.073, and ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb from 18.543 to 18.811. When integrated with Pb isotopic data from the Jinlongshan and Gongguan deposits in the same region, the isotopic evolution trend aligns with that of Late Jurassic granites, indicating that Pb originated from a mixture of magmatic and stratigraphic sources. In summary, magmatic fluids mobilized metals from Cambrian strata, serving as the primary ore-forming source. Fluid mixing and changes in physical and chemical conditions likely facilitated gold precipitation. The Au–Hg–Sb deposits in this region may share a common ore-forming process, with host rock characteristics and the distinct properties of Au, Hg, and Sb determining their segregation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"181 ","pages":"Article 106593"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143859618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geochemical and mineralogical investigation of germanium-rich chalcopyrite veins from the Cu-Ag Kupferschiefer deposit, Poland","authors":"Krzysztof Foltyn ,&nbsp;Dariusz Węgrzynek ,&nbsp;Viktor Bertrandsson Erlandsson ,&nbsp;Eligiusz Gugała ,&nbsp;Gabriela A. Kozub-Budzyń ,&nbsp;Frank Melcher ,&nbsp;Magdalena Szczerbowska-Boruchowska ,&nbsp;Adam Piestrzyński","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106636","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106636","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The underlying geological processes responsible for germanium enrichment across various mineralization types remain elusive, posing a significant obstacle to the development of a comprehensive genetic models. The investigation of germanium-rich epigenetic sulfide-calcite veins from the Cu-Ag Kupferschiefer deposit in Lubin-Sieroszowice ore district in Poland provides new insights into the mechanisms of germanium concentration in sulfide ores. Petrographic observations at macro- and microscale levels suggest that this mineralization style is consistent with single or multiple brecciation episodes likely related to natural hydraulic fracturing by overpressured fluids. Electron microprobe microanalysis (EPMA), TESCAN Integrated Mineral Analyzer (TIMA), and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) reveal that chalcopyrite, a predominant mineral in the veins, is also the primary host of germanium, containing up to 5 016 mg/kg of Ge. Typical associations include calcite, bornite, sphalerite, galena, and tennantite, with less common occurrences of luzonite, gersdorffite, betekhtinite, and anhydrite. Micro X-ray fluorescence (micro-XRF) mapping of massive chalcopyrite demonstrates that germanium distribution is inhomogeneous exhibiting two distinct spatial distribution patterns: dendrite-like and apparent oscillatory zoning. It is hypothesized that a rapid fluid pressure drop could be an important factor in formation of germanium-enriched sulphide ores.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"181 ","pages":"Article 106636"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143850552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potassium isotope constraints on brine sources and evolution in Qaidam Basin, Tibetan Plateau","authors":"Mao-Yong He ,&nbsp;Yuan Yuan Cheng ,&nbsp;Jianzhou Chen ,&nbsp;Zheng Yan Li ,&nbsp;Li Deng ,&nbsp;Tong Xiang Ren ,&nbsp;Jia Xin Luo ,&nbsp;Hui Hui Rao","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106632","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106632","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The genesis and evolutionary pathways of potassium resources in salt lakes form the scientific foundation for sustainable exploration and utilization of these critical mineral reserves. Potassium isotope system (δ⁴¹K), characterized by significant mass-dependent fractionation, has emerged as an effective tracer for investigating geological processes and material sources. This study presents a comprehensive geochemical investigation of brine salts, intercrystalline brines, and river waters collected from the Qaidam Basin on the northern Tibetan Plateau, China. The ion compositions, hydrochemical characteristics, and potassium isotopic compositions of the samples were analyzed. Analytical results reveal substantial spatial heterogeneity in potassium concentrations ([K⁺]) across different sample types, ranging from less than 0.01 × 10³ mg L⁻¹ to ∼21.12 × 10³ mg L⁻¹. A distinct [K⁺] hierarchy emerges: river samples &lt; freshwater lakes &lt; semi saline lakes &lt; brine lakes &lt; intercrystalline brines. Concurrent δ⁴¹K values exhibit significant variability (−0.77 ‰ to + 1.31 ‰), demonstrating systematic correlations with both [K⁺] concentrations and basin-scale structural features, as evidenced by comparative analysis with published δ⁷Li and δ¹¹B datasets. Multivariate isotopic analysis (δ⁴¹K-δ⁷Li-δ¹¹B) coupled with hydrochemical fingerprinting reveals a polygenetic potassium origin for Qaidam’s brine systems, involving: multiple mixture of rivers, deep groundwater via fractures (oil field brines, hot springs, etc.), and low-temperature weathering processes of K-rich rock. Notably, δ⁴¹K signatures show systematic differentiation between two major brine types. The δ⁴¹K values of chloride type salt lakes is relatively small (−0.57 ‰ to 0.22 ‰), whereas those in sulfate type salt lakes is much larger (−0.77 ‰ to 1.31 ‰). The results suggest that δ⁴¹K is a powerful tracer not only for indicating changes in sources but also for reflecting the evolutionary processes of brine.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"181 ","pages":"Article 106632"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143864719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genesis of Early-Cambrian barite deposits in the southeastern margin of the Yangtze Platform","authors":"Xinzheng Li ,&nbsp;Ruidong Yang ,&nbsp;Yanbing Ji ,&nbsp;Lei Gao ,&nbsp;Xiaorui Wang ,&nbsp;Xingyou Xie ,&nbsp;Yonggang Li ,&nbsp;Yuexin Zeng","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106622","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106622","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Tianzhu barite deposit in Guizhou, South China, is the world’s largest barite deposit, hosted within the chert of the Lower Cambrian Liuchapo Formation. Its genesis has long been debated, with proposed models suggesting either submarine hydrothermal or cold-seep origins. To clarify its formation process, comprehensive mineralogical, sedimentological, paleontological, and geochemical analyses were conducted. The deposit exhibits distinct vertical zoning, including columnar and pie-like barite at the base, massive and granophyric barite in the middle, laminar and banded barite at the top, associated with barite nodules, hyalophane and small-shell fossils. Trace element data, along with sulfur, carbon, oxygen, and silicon isotope compositions, suggest that the Tianzhu barite deposit is unlikely to have formed through submarine hydrothermal processes. Instead, it primarily precipitated in confined basins in a shallow-water, oxidizing environment. Ba-rich fluids erupted along faults near ancient islands and accumulated in these basins. During transgressions, deep-sea sulfate ions mixed with Ba-rich fluids, triggering extensive barite precipitation. In later stages, sulfate depletion in seawater facilitated hyalophane formation at the uppermost layers. These findings provide new insights into the genesis of the Tianzhu barite deposit and suggest that large-scale barite precipitation played a significant role in reducing toxic Ba concentrations in Cambrian oceans, potentially contributing to the Cambrian explosion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"181 ","pages":"Article 106622"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143847825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trace element geochemistry and genetic implications of sphalerite and pyrite from the Lower Cambrian Dahebian stratiform barite deposit and its associated deep-seated sulfide mineralization, South China","authors":"Yu Zhu ,&nbsp;Zhengbing Zhou ,&nbsp;Hanjie Wen ,&nbsp;Ling Liu ,&nbsp;Dongguang Yang ,&nbsp;Lin Xu ,&nbsp;Tiantian Liu ,&nbsp;Shuang Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106621","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106621","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The southeastern margin of the Yangtze Block hosts significant stratiform barite deposits within the early Cambrian black shales. Various models, including submarine exhalative hydrothermal activity, cold seep, and biological enrichment, have been proposed to explain their genetic types. Recently, substantial Zn-Pb-Fe sulfide ores mainly hosted by the Doushantuo Formation were discovered beneath the early Cambrian stratiform barite ores. The sulfide and barite ores along this belt demonstrated a common characteristic of close spatial relationship; however, it remains unclear whether a genetic relationship also exists. Nevertheless, this shed newly light on to decoding the genetic mechanism of massive barite deposition during this period. The mineralogy and trace element concentrations of sphalerite and pyrite in both deep-seated sulfide ores and stratiform barite ores at the Dahebian region were determined in this study. Hyalophane intergrown with apatite was frequently observed in both types of ores. This association contrasts with the Mississippi Valley Type (MVT) zinc-lead mineralization hosted in the Qinxudong Formation within this region, where apatite is predominantly surrounded by hydrothermal calcite. Furthermore, a covariant trend of minor concentrations of sphalerite and/or pyrite has been observed between sulfide ores and barite ores, indicating their precipitation within evolving hydrothermal fluids. This observation is corroborated by the decreasing temperatures of sphalerite during precipitation: the early-stage sulfide mineralization, late-stage mineralization, and stratiform barite deposit have recorded hydrothermal fluid temperatures in the ranges of 109 °C to 235 °C, 99 °C to 231 °C, and 38 °C to 199 °C, respectively. Furthermore, a comparable decreasing trend in sulfur fugacities was observed during the transition from sulfide to barite ore mineralization. The elevated concentrations of Ni, Cu, Se, and V in the late-stage pyrite of deep-seated sulfide deposits suggest that anoxic-euxinic bottom seawater infiltration along extensional faults likely facilitated mineralization. The enhanced influx of infiltrating seawater into mineralization zones significantly reduced the temperature of hydrothermal fluids, leading to a decrease in the rates of thermochemical sulfate reduction. Therefore, it can be reasonably inferred that the sulfide ore underlying the stratiform barite ores likely originated from sedimentary exhalative hydrothermal fluids. The Zn-Pb-Fe sulfide ores, which are deeply seated, underwent mineralization within the feeder zone at depth. Conversely, the stratiform barite deposits represent the uppermost expression of sedimentary-exhalative mineralization. These findings collectively suggest intense venting of Zn-Pb-Fe-Ba-bearing hydrothermal fluids into the rift basin along the southeastern margin of the Yangtze Block during the early Cambrian period.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"181 ","pages":"Article 106621"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143847827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mineralogy and geochemistry of two stages of uranium mineralization in the Jiling albitite-hosted uranium deposit, northwest China","authors":"Chi-Da Yu ,&nbsp;Kai-Xing Wang ,&nbsp;Xiao-Dong Liu ,&nbsp;Gui Wang ,&nbsp;Wen-Heng Liu ,&nbsp;Li-Qiang Sun ,&nbsp;Gang Wang ,&nbsp;Wei Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106616","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106616","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Jiling Na-metasomatism uranium deposit in northwest China was initially regarded as a low-temperature mineralized system. Recent exploration has identified high-temperature mineralization at depth. However, the genesis of high-temperature U mineralization at Jiling remains unclear, resulting in the absence of a comprehensive genetic model for the Jiling deposit. This study integrates whole-rock geochemistry, mineral paragenesis and chemistry, and stable and radioactive isotope compositions from unaltered, altered, and ore-bearing samples to characterize five stages of magmatic and hydrothermal evolution at Jiling: (1) the first stage involved the emplacement of the Jiling high-K calc-alkaline granitoids, representing the primary uranium source for mineralization; (2) Na-metasomatism stage is characterized by the albitization accompanied by ductile deformation. The alteration assemblage includes albite, hematite, and chlorite. U–Pb dating of apatite from ore-barren albitite yielded an age of 433 ± 14 Ma. Stable isotopes of albite and chemical compositions of apatite indicate that the metasomatic fluids were high-temperature, Na-enriched, and alkaline, likely exsolved from the mafic dykes in the Jiling area; (3) Na-Ca-metasomatism followed immediately after Na metasomatism. This stage, characterized by weak brittle deformation of the albitite, is associated with high-temperature uranium mineralization. Alteration assemblage includes albite and calcite, with uraninite as the primary uranium mineral. Uranium was transported by a high-temperature, alkali-rich, alkaline, and reducing fluid, primarily as hydroxide complexes. The removal of Na and Ca from the fluids destabilized uranium complexes, leading to uraninite precipitation; (4) Ca-Fe-Mg-metasomatism, occurring during the Middle Devonian, is associated with the low-temperature uranium mineralization. Alteration minerals include calcite, chlorite, hematite, and barite. Pitchblende is the dominant uranium mineral. Metasomatic fluids were primarily meteoric water with a minor magmatic component. Uranium was likely transported as uranyl sulfide complexes; (5) the post-ore alteration stage contains calcite, chlorite, illite, and quartz. During this stage, uraninite and pitchblende were partially or totally altered into coffinite. By delineating these five stages, this study provides a comprehensive genetic model for the Jiling deposit, elucidating the processes and conditions leading to high- and low-temperature uranium mineralization. These findings highlight the crucial role of initial high-temperature, alkali-rich magmatic fluids in high-temperature uranium mineralization and subsequent meteoric water in low-temperature uranium mineralization of the Jiling deposit. This understanding will facilitate the development of precise ore-forming models for future exploration at the Jiling deposit.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"181 ","pages":"Article 106616"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143864718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Constraining the fluid sources of gold-bearing veins in orogenic belts using sulfur and lead isotopes: A case study from Loch Tay, Scotland (UK)","authors":"Shane Webb ,&nbsp;Taija Torvela ,&nbsp;Rob Chapman ,&nbsp;Lucia Savastano ,&nbsp;Robert Jamieson ,&nbsp;Adrian Boyce ,&nbsp;Andrew Tait ,&nbsp;Steven Hollis ,&nbsp;Vanessa Pashley","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106619","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106619","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Unpicking the fluid and metal sources, and the number of mineralizing events, can be challenging because fluids from different origins mix and can overprint existing mineralization. Crustal and/or basinal fluids may play a role in “diluting” magmatic or mantle fluids and can have a significant impact on the isotope composition of the precipitated phases in an ore deposit, which ultimately leads to difficulties in classifying the deposit style. We present a case study of this problem from the southern margin of Loch Tay (Scotland). The results from sulfur and lead isotope studies indicate that magmatic-hydrothermal processes were responsible for the establishment of the mineralizing system, but this signature gets progressively obscured in some localities due to mixing between magmatic-hydrothermal and crustal fluids. Indications of two separate mineralization events have been observed, but differentiating the first stage from the second one is challenging. Our study demonstrates the need to understand the characteristics of the mineral system and the geological setting to support robust interpretation. The results also have implications for regional exploration models: we suggest that the majority of the auriferous vein occurrences at Loch Tay are probably of a magmatic origin, rather than of an “orogenic gold” type. Furthermore, the veins around Loch Tay provide a case study of how vein-hosted gold mineralization with some orogenic characteristics may be related to magmatism, suggesting that isotope data from other auriferous veins globally may be misinterpreted due to fluid mixing, particularly if the regional context is poorly understood.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"181 ","pages":"Article 106619"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143844914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}