Ore Geology Reviews最新文献

{"title":"Dating a sedimentary manganese ore deposit using U-Pb geochronology of hausmannite (Mn3O4) by LA-ICP-MS: An example from Heqing Mn deposit, Yunnan Province, Southwestern China","authors":"Wen-Tian Li ,&nbsp;Shao-Yong Jiang ,&nbsp;Hui-Min Su ,&nbsp;Qin Huang ,&nbsp;Dao-Hui Pi ,&nbsp;Wei Wang ,&nbsp;Shugang Xiao","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106711","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106711","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurately dating sedimentary manganese (Mn) deposits remains challenging due to the scarcity of suitable geochronometers. Mn oxide minerals—which host relatively high uranium (U) and low lead (Pb) concentrations—offer significant potential as a viable geochronometric tool.<!--> <!-->In this study, we report the first accurate direct measurements of in-situ U-Pb ages of hausmannite (Mn₃O₄) from the Heqing sedimentary Mn deposit (Yunnan Province, Southwestern China), obtained via laser ablation-inductively coupled mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). The U-Pb age of 229.5 ± 4.5 Ma for U-bearing hausmannite aligns remarkably with the 226 ± 3.4 Ma age of interbedded basalt in the Late Triassic Mn-bearing Songgui Formation, confirming a sedimentary-diagenetic origin for this deposit. This concordance validates Mn oxide U-Pb geochronology as a novel and reliable method for dating sedimentary Mn deposits. Furthermore, these ages provide direct support for the oxic ore genetic model, indicating primary deposition of Mn as oxides in sediments. By enabling direct dating of hausmannite and other Mn oxides, this research fills a critical gap in Mn mineralization chronology. Applied globally to sedimentary Mn deposits across geological time, and leveraging Mn’s redox sensitivity, this method promises new insights into Earth’s exogenic environmental evolution.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"183 ","pages":"Article 106711"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144205720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Origin and tectonic architecture of the Dargai ophiolitic peridotites and chromitites: A geochemical perspective on platinum-group elements","authors":"Tehseen Zafar ,&nbsp;Abiola Oyebamiji ,&nbsp;Irfan Maqbool Bhat ,&nbsp;Zaheen Ullah ,&nbsp;Hafiz Ur Rehman ,&nbsp;Umar Farooq Jadoon ,&nbsp;Mohamed Zaki Khedr ,&nbsp;Fatemeh Nouri ,&nbsp;Fatemeh Sepidbar ,&nbsp;Shuguang Song ,&nbsp;Cheng-Biao Leng ,&nbsp;Muhammad Farhan ,&nbsp;Zahid Hussain ,&nbsp;Mabrouk Sami","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106706","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106706","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Dargai ophiolites in northern Pakistan are characterized by extensive peridotite and chromitite exposures, however, their geochemical evolution remains debated. Here we investigate the mineral chemistry and platinum-group elements (PGEs) of the Dargai ophiolitic peridotites and associated chromitites to elucidate their genesis and tectonic evolution. Olivine, pyroxenes, and spinel compositions suggest a forearc setting, with Dargai peridotites representing refractory mantle residues formed through two stages of melting. Initial low-degree melting produced less depleted peridotites and high-Al chromitites with mid-ocean ridge affinity, followed by high-degree melting resulting in the formation of high-Cr chromitites and highly depleted peridotites in a supra-subduction zone. The depletion of Palladium and Platinum in high-Cr chromitites suggests that they were formed from sulfur-undersaturated melts, while enrichment in high-Al chromitites reflects that they were formed from sulfur-saturated parental melts. Melt impregnation after partial melting influenced the geochemical signatures, revealing interactions between peridotite and infiltrating melts. The geochemical evolution, combined with melt modeling, suggests the formation of MORB-like melts during proto-forearc spreading and the formation of boninitic melts during mature arc formation, explaining the co-occurrence of high-Al and high-Cr chromitites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"183 ","pages":"Article 106706"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144194845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing porphyry copper prospectivity mapping: A deep autoencoder-based approach to identify non-deposit points in varzaghan region, NW Iran","authors":"Mobin Saremi ,&nbsp;Abbas Maghsoudi ,&nbsp;Ardeshir Hezarkhani ,&nbsp;Amin Beiranvand Pour ,&nbsp;Zohre Hoseinzade ,&nbsp;Seyyed Ataollah Agha Seyyed Mirzabozorg ,&nbsp;Mahyar Yousefi","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106705","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106705","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Supervised machine learning algorithms have shown enormous potential to predict mineral prospectivities and to identify mineral exploration targets within study areas. However, accurately selecting non-deposit points remains a critical challenge, as improper selection can mitigate the prediction rate and introduce systematic bias. This study describes the idea of leveraging and comparing deep autoencoder (DAE) network (as a first experiment) with expert knowledge (as a second experiment) to tackle the problem of non-deposit selection in predictive modeling of mineral prospectivity. For this, according to the conceptual model of porphyry copper deposits evidence layers of fault density, multi-element geochemical signatures, proximity to phyllic and argillic alterations, and proximity to intrusive rocks, were first generated to represent ore-forming subsystems. Within the first experiment, a DAE technique was used to integrate multiple exploration criteria whereby non-deposit locations within the recognized non-prospective regions were determined. Within the second experiment, expert opinions were set as criteria to define non-deposit locations. Both sets of non-deposit points were fed into a random forest (RF) algorithm, generating two prospectivity models. The effectiveness of these models was evaluated using the prediction-area (P-A) plot and the normalized density index (Nd). The Nd values for all models exceed one, indicating their effectiveness in integrating exploration evidence to delineate potential targets. However, the DAE-based experiment improved the prediction rate of RF and reduced systematic uncertainties. The proposed methodology was shown to be a robust approach to enhance the relevance of mineral prospectivity mapping, and it may possess the potential to predict new porphyry copper exploration targets in analogous mineral systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"183 ","pages":"Article 106705"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144194850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Apatite U-Pb ages, trace elements, and in situ Sr-Nd isotopes and pyrite S isotopes of the Saima alkaline complex: Implications for the petrogenesis and tectonic setting of Nb-Ta-REE mineralization in Northeast China","authors":"Nan Ju ,&nbsp;Bo Liu ,&nbsp;Yanan Gong ,&nbsp;Kunfeng Qiu ,&nbsp;Yue Wu ,&nbsp;Xin Liu ,&nbsp;Lu Shi ,&nbsp;Zhe Nan ,&nbsp;Danzhen Ma ,&nbsp;Haoheng Wang ,&nbsp;Mingyi Jiang ,&nbsp;Yuhui Feng","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106704","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106704","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Alkaline complexes host economically strategic deposits of rare metals such as niobium (Nb) and tantalum (Ta) and rare earth elements (REEs). However, their enrichment and metallogenic processes remain poorly understood. The discovery of the Saima alkaline complex-hosted Nb-Ta-REE deposit (also referred to as the Saima deposit) in the eastern Liaoning Province in Northeast China provides an ideal opportunity to address these challenges. Petrographic analysis indicates that the Saima deposit occurs in aegirine nepheline syenite, with primary ore minerals including loparite, columbite-tantalite, fergusonite, fersmite, betafite, and bastnaesite. These characteristics are consistent with typical alkaline rock-hosted rare metal and REE deposits. Using petrography, mineralogy, apatite U-Pb, trace element, and &lt;em&gt;in situ&lt;/em&gt; Sr-Nd isotopic analyses, and pyrite S isotopic analysis of aegirine nepheline syenite associated with Nb-Ta-REE mineralization, this study explored the metallogenic ages and mechanisms, source, and tectonic setting of the Saima deposit. The apatites associated with Nb-Ta-REE mineralization exhibit uniform, concentric, and oscillatory zoning in cathodoluminescence (CL) images, as well as high (La/Yb)&lt;sub&gt;N&lt;/sub&gt; ratios (124.62–11440.84) and nonsignificant Eu anomalies (δEu values: 0.68–0.85). These characteristics indicate a magmatic origin, suggesting that the Nb-Ta-REE mineralization occurred primarily during the early-stage crystallization of alkaline magmas. The laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) apatite U-Pb dating results indicate that the aegirine nepheline syenite has lower intercept ages of 232 ± 7 Ma and 224 ± 17 Ma. In combination with previous geochronological studies, this study proposed that the Nb-Ta-REE mineralization in the Saima deposit might have occurred during the early Late Triassic. The &lt;em&gt;in situ&lt;/em&gt; apatite Sr-Nd isotopic analysis reveals that the apatites feature high &lt;sup&gt;87&lt;/sup&gt;Sr/&lt;sup&gt;86&lt;/sup&gt;Sr ratios (0.70835 to 0.70879) and negative ε&lt;sub&gt;Nd&lt;/sub&gt;(t) values (–17.21 to –10.71), while the pyrites associated with Nb-Ta-bearing minerals exhibit positive δ&lt;sup&gt;34&lt;/sup&gt;S values (+1.3 ‰ to + 3.5 ‰). These findings suggest that the mineralized alkaline rocks originated from the partial melting of a metasomatized Nb-, Ta-, and REE-rich lithospheric mantle. Based on the regional geological setting, this study proposed that the ore-bearing aegirine nepheline syenite in the Saima deposit was formed in an extensional tectonic setting after the closure of the oceanic basin. The recycled continental crust of the ancient Yangtze Craton played a key role in the formation of the Triassic Nb-Ta-REE-bearing alkaline rocks, exemplified by the Saima alkaline complex, in the eastern Liaoning Province. The entire Triassic alkaline complex in the eastern North China Craton (NCC) possesses great potential for Nb-Ta-REE mineralization, necessitating further prospecting and expl","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"183 ","pages":"Article 106704"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144205719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Origin of Ligongling ore-bearing breccia pipe in the Yangchuling porphyry W-Mo deposit, South China: Constraints from apatite chemistry and U–Pb dating","authors":"Jia-Xiang Dong ,&nbsp;Suo-Fei Xiong ,&nbsp;Shao-Yong Jiang ,&nbsp;Xiao-Fei Pan","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106697","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106697","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Yangchuling district, located within the Jiangnan tungsten belt (JNB), hosts a porphyry-style W–Mo deposit that includes an ore-bearing breccia pipe at Ligongling. This breccia pipe is situated at the contact between granodiorite and the Neoproterozoic Shuangqiaoshan Group metasedimentary rocks. The breccia exhibits a complex assemblage of clasts, including granite porphyry, greisen, siltstone, and weakly altered granodiorite. The evolution of the Ligongling breccia pipe can be subdivided into three stages: a pre-ore stage (Stage I), a breccia-type ore stage (Stage II), and a vein-type ore stage (Stage III). During Stages II and III, scheelite and molybdenite occur as fine-grained disseminations within both the mineralized breccias and associated hydrothermal veins.</div><div>Apatite is ubiquitous in various lithologies of the deposit and serves as a sensitive recorder of magmatic and hydrothermal processes. In this study, we present a comprehensive investigation of apatite from the Ligongling breccia pipe, including petrographic observations, <em>In situ</em> U–Pb geochronology, and major and trace element geochemistry. Based on textural and mineralogical characteristics observed under optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and cathodoluminescence (CL), apatite grains were classified into six types: Ap1 and Ap2 from Stage I; Ap3 and Ap4 from Stage II; and Ap5 and Ap6 from Stage III.</div><div>Major and trace element compositions of all apatite types were analyzed using electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) and laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (LA–ICP–MS). Total rare earth element (REE) concentrations in apatite systematically decrease from Stage I to Stage III. REE distribution patterns indicate that hydrothermal fluids responsible for ore formation inherited magmatic REE signatures from the granitic source. Apatite associated with W mineralization within the Ligongling granitoids is characterized by low Cl and high F contents, consistent with a F-rich magmatic–hydrothermal system. <em>In situ</em> U–Pb dating of hydrothermal Ap6 apatite from Stage III vein-type mineralization yielded an age of 147.5 ± 4.8 Ma (MSWD = 0.26; n = 17), interpreted as the timing of mineralization for the Ligongling breccia pipe. This age suggests that breccia pipe formation and associated mineralization were coeval with the development of the Yangchuling porphyry W–Mo deposit.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"183 ","pages":"Article 106697"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144205722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of deep-sourced metamorphic fluids in Au enrichment: A case study of the Bangbu Au deposit, southern Tibet (Western China)","authors":"Jian Li ,&nbsp;Wen-Yan Cai ,&nbsp;Qing-Yi Cui ,&nbsp;Hong-Jiang Shi ,&nbsp;Kai-Lei Xu ,&nbsp;Le Yang ,&nbsp;Ming Lei ,&nbsp;Kang-Nan Song","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106699","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106699","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Accurately identifying the evolutionary process and source of ore-forming fluids is essential for elucidating the mineralization mechanisms of large-scale gold deposits and is pivotal in discerning the genetic types of lode gold deposits. The Bangbu gold deposit (&gt;40 t @ 7.0 g/t), situated in southern Tibet within the eastern segment of the Yarlung Tsangpo metallogenic belt, represents a significant gold repository that originated from the main collision stage of the Tibetan Plateau. This deposit provides an excellent opportunity for examining the genesis of large lode gold deposits within a compressional tectonic environment. The orebodies are predominantly associated with faults systems, while the hosts rock comprise the sedimentary-metamorphic rock of the Langjiexue Group. Petrographic analysis and crosscutting relationships identify three ore-forming stages: (I) quartz + coarse-grained pyrite, (II) quartz + fine-grained pyrite + native gold + polymetallic sulfide, (III) ore-barren calcite. The He and Ar isotopic compositions indicates that the mineralization fluids are of a hybrid crust-mantle origin (&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;He/&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;He = 0.12–0.63 Ra; &lt;sup&gt;40&lt;/sup&gt;Ar*/&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;He = 0.27–2.67), with mantle contributions ranging from 1.65 % to 10.93 % (He&lt;sub&gt;mantle&lt;/sub&gt;). The hydrogen–oxygen isotope data corroborates the deep-derived metamorphic origin of the ore-forming fluids, aligning with the proposed genetic model. In-situ sulfur isotopic compositions of pyrite (δ&lt;sup&gt;34&lt;/sup&gt;S&lt;sub&gt;V-CDT&lt;/sub&gt; = +1.82 ‰ to + 5.27 ‰) systematically document mantle reservoir contributions.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Fluid inclusion (FI) studies identified four FI types in quartz from these stages: liquid (H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O)-rich two-phase (L-type), vapor (H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O)-rich two-phase (V-type), and CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; (liquid and gas)-bearing inclusions (C1- and C2-types). Further identification of four types of fluid inclusion assemblages (FIA), designated as A (L + V-types), B (L + C1-types), C (L + V + C1-types), and D (only L-type). The development of stage I is characterized by four distinct types of FIAs, exhibiting homogenization temperatures from 234 °C to 334 °C and salinities ranging between 2.40 and 6.29 wt% NaCl equivalent. This corresponds to a medium-temperature, low-salinity NaCl–H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O–CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; hydrothermal system (mol% CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; = 7.48–9.21). In contrast, stage II encompasses two types of FIAs (A and D), with homogenization temperatures between 198 °C and 282 °C and salinities from 0.53 to 5.85 wt% NaCl equivalent, indicative of a NaCl–H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O-dominated hydrothermal system. Stages I and II pyrite related to native gold, and can be divided into four generations (Py1a, Py1b, Py2a, and Py2b). The porous/sieve-like textures of Py1a and Py2a indicate Au remobilization, predominantly governed by coupled dissolution-reprecipitation (CDR). Elevated As concentrations (up to 1.81 wt%) in pyrite, positively correlated with Au, further de","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"183 ","pages":"Article 106699"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144222303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gold exploration using multi-source remote sensing data in the northern part of the Wa State, Myanmar","authors":"Zhifang Zhao ,&nbsp;Geng Zhang ,&nbsp;Qi Chen ,&nbsp;Dayu Cai ,&nbsp;Fujun Meng ,&nbsp;Xingyue Long ,&nbsp;Tao Zhang ,&nbsp;Yiyang Wang ,&nbsp;Ting Xu ,&nbsp;Haiying Yang ,&nbsp;Lei Miao","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106703","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106703","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gold mining plays a vital role in the economic development of many countries, and Myanmar is known for its rich mineral deposits. Preliminary exploration suggests that the northern region of Wa State in Myanmar is a prospective area for gold mineralization. However, detailed geological investigations are currently lacking, and the target range for mineral exploration remains unclear. Remote sensing technology can provide significant guidance for cross-border mineral exploration. This study developed a multi-source remote sensing methodology to delineate Carlin-type gold deposits in northern Wa State, Myanmar. Landsat 8 OLI and ASTER data were used to interpret fault information. ASTER data were employed to extract iron-stained and silicified alteration information using the iCrosta method. Based on the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform, lithological classification information was obtained using the random forest method. By comprehensively analyzing the fault, alteration, and lithological information extracted from remote sensing data, two gold exploration target areas were delineated. Taking the No. 1 exploration target area as an example, the pyrite information was further extracted by China’s ZY1-02D hyperspectral data based on spectral angle method, the scope of exploration target area is further narrowed. Through field investigations and petrographic analysis conducted in the narrowed exploration target areas, gold mineralization was indeed identified, demonstrating the effectiveness of the mineral exploration methodology based on multi-source remote sensing data. This study can provide an important reference for the exploration of mineral resources in other similar geological settings worldwide.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"183 ","pages":"Article 106703"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144177736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Remote sensing and aeromagnetic data integration for mapping Cu, Mn, Co, Ba, and Fe Mineralization: A Case study from Aït Semgane, Anti-Atlas, Morocco","authors":"Mohamed Ali El-Omairi ,&nbsp;Abdelkader El Garouani ,&nbsp;Mahmoud Abdellatif ,&nbsp;Manal El Garouani ,&nbsp;Mohammed Boumehdi ,&nbsp;Ali Shebl","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106701","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106701","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a comprehensive exploration of mineralization patterns in the Aït Semgane region of the Anti-Atlas, Morocco, through the integration of remote sensing (Sentinel-2 and PRISMA hyperspectral data), aeromagnetic surveys, field observations and petrographic investigations. The study reveals strong spatial correlations between spectral anomalies, lithological formations, and tectonic structures, highlighting the geological controls on the distribution of copper, manganese, cobalt, baryte, and iron mineralization. Sentinel-2 spectral indices identified key anomalies aligned with major faults and shear zones, particularly within volcanosedimentary (NP3, NP2) and Ouarzazate Group formations, suggesting hydrothermal fluid circulation as a primary mineralization mechanism. PRISMA hyperspectral data enhanced lithological mapping and hydrothermal alteration detection, with spectral analysis Sequential Maximum Angle Convex Cone (SMACC), independent component analysis (ICA), and constrained energy minimization (CEM) techniques identifying alteration minerals and minerals associated with the mineralized zones such as serpentine, baryte, chalcopyrite, and iron oxides. Aeromagnetic data analysis revealed a highly deformed structural framework, with NE-SW, NW-SE, E-W, and N-S trending magnetic anomalies, further corroborating the structural control on mineralization. Field validation confirmed the presence of mineralization in predicted zones, with microscopic analysis revealing mineralogical associations such as malachite, pyrolusite, cobaltite, and hematite. Despite the effectiveness of the integrated approach, the spectral resolution of Sentinel-2 and the limited availability of extensive geochemical datasets suggest opportunities for further refinement. Future detailed remote sensing analysis and advanced geophysical investigations could enhance the accuracy and depth of exploration of the explored zones. This study underscores the value of multidisciplinary data integration for efficient mineral exploration and provides a robust framework for sustainable resource development in structurally complex terrains.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"183 ","pages":"Article 106701"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144147116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of the genesis of typical antimony deposits in the Xiangzhong Antimony Ore Belt, South China","authors":"Lin-Yan Kang ,&nbsp;Jun-Wei Xu ,&nbsp;Xiang-Hua Liu ,&nbsp;Xiang-Fa Song ,&nbsp;Nan-Xing Li ,&nbsp;Bin Li","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106695","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106695","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Xiangzhong Antimony Ore Belt (XAOB), located in the central part of South China, is the most concentrated area of antimony mineralization in the world. However, the genesis of the deposits is still widely disputed. To investigate the ore-forming mechanisms and compare the genetic relationships among different antimony deposits in XAOB, we analyzed the trace element compositions of hydrothermal quartz in six typical deposits (Xikuangshan Sb, Banxi Sb, Woxi Sb-Au-W, Zhazixi Sb-W, Longkou Sb, and Longshan Au-Sb deposits) by <em>fs</em>LA-ICP-MS. The data show that Al, Sb, Ge, Li, Na, and K are the most enriched trace elements in quartz, and the main possible replacement mechanisms in these deposits are (Al³⁺, Sb³⁺) + (Li⁺, Na⁺, K⁺, H⁺) ↔ Si⁴⁺ and Al³⁺ + Ge⁴⁺ + (Li⁺, Na⁺, K⁺, H⁺) ↔ Si⁴⁺. The significant variations in trace element compositions of quartz from the six deposits reveal differences in their ore-forming mechanisms. The Xikuangshan deposit stands out with high Al, Rb, and Sr contents and a limited variation in Al, suggesting that acidic fluids may have facilitated a water–rock reaction. In contrast, quartz from the Woxi deposit shows low Al, Rb, and Sr contents with variations in Ti and Ge contents, indicating fluid boiling may have been responsible for Sb mineralization. Quartz from the Banxi, Zhazixi, Longkou, and Longshan deposits display low, variable Al and variable Ti and Ge contents, suggesting the Sb mineralization was caused by fluid mixing. The magmatic-hydrothermal system likely contributed to Sb mineralization in all deposits except the Xikuangshan deposit. In the Longkou and Longshan deposits, higher B and Ga contents in quartz suggest that a closer relationship with magmatic-hydrothermal system, with Indosinian granite providing both heat and fluids. The XAOB comprises distinct Sb metallogenic systems, which are differentiated by quartz characteristics: (1) the Xikuangshan mineralization system, primarily controlled by water–rock reactions and unrelated to the magmatic-hydrothermal system; (2) the Banxi-Woxi-Zhazixi mineralization system, where the magmatic-hydrothermal system contributed heat; and (3) the Longkou-Longshan mineralization system, granite provided both heat and fluids. This study refines existing metallogenic models for the XAOB and provides valuable insights for future exploration and prospecting.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"183 ","pages":"Article 106695"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144168564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neoproterozoic hydrothermally altered zircons reveal ca. 750 Ma post-magmatic overprint and elemental behaviors in the western Yangtze block, South China","authors":"Yanpei Dai ,&nbsp;Shengxian Liang ,&nbsp;Yudi Zhu ,&nbsp;Qing Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106696","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106696","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Geochemical criteria of hydrothermal zircons and behaviors of immobile elements in hydrothermal processes lack systematic investigation. The Neoproterozoic western Yangtze block is featured by long-lasting magmatism, diverse metal deposits and multiple hydrothermal events. Here we report zircon U-Pb-Hf isotope data of two granitoids in this region, to decode the impacts of hydrothermal alteration on zircons. The Shimian monzogranite markedly suffered subsequent alterations, and contains both ca. 807 Ma magmatic zircons and ca. 750 Ma hydrothermally altered zircons. The latter zircon population has diffuse border, spongy texture and mineral inclusions, and exhibits flat LREE patterns and insignificant Ce anomalies (Ce/Ce* = 0.89–3.53). Importantly, their age slightly postdates ca. 764 Ma Kangding tonalite in the periphery, indicating post-magmatic modification and a newfound hydrothermal event in the Neoproterozoic western Yangtze block. All the zircon categories yield ε_Hf(t) values of 2.9–9.6, implying their dominant derivation from juvenile crust. Specifically, ca. 750 Ma hydrothermally altered zircons show superchondritic Y/Ho ratios of 33.6, low log<em>f</em>O₂ values of –17.2 and ΔFMQ of –2.9, indicating fluorine-rich and low oxygen fugacity signatures. When compared with other geochemical criteria, e.g., Th/U and (Sm/La)_N ratios, LREE-I values (LREE-I = Dy/Nd + Dy/Sm) are more reliable for distinguishing hydrothermally altered zircons (LREE &lt; 30) from magmatic ones (LREE &gt; 30). Our integrated data further indicate that LREEs, Th, U and P of zircons are highly mobile in fluorine-rich hydrothermal fluids, and these elements should be discreetly employed for geochemical tracing. In contrast, HREEs, Ti, Nb, Ta, Y, Hf and Hf isotope compositions are hardly modified.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"183 ","pages":"Article 106696"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144147115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}