Ore Geology Reviews最新文献

{"title":"Implications for tectono-magmatic evolution and tin mineralization in Tengchong terrane, western Yunnan, China: Evidence from geochemistry and Sr-Nd-Hf isotope of Cretaceous granitoids","authors":"Wen-Bin Jia ,&nbsp;Shi-Min Zhen ,&nbsp;Hui Shen ,&nbsp;Zhi-Cheng Lv ,&nbsp;Zhi-Hui Han ,&nbsp;Guangsheng Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106651","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106651","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The early to late Cretaceous granitoids of the Tengchong terrane offer key insights into the tectonic evolution of the Meso-Tethys and Neo-Tethys Oceans and associated polymetallic mineralization. This study employs petrological, geochemical, and isotopic analyses (Sr-Nd, zircon U-Pb, Lu-Hf) to investigate the Diantan, Guyong, and Xiaolonghe plutons and their tectonic evolution. Zircon U-Pb dating reveals ages of 116.5 Ma for the Diantan granite porphyry, 71.8 Ma for the Guyong biotite granite, 76.5 Ma for the Xiaolonghe monzogranite, and 66.4 Ma for the Xiaolonghe granodiorite. Geochemical data show that the Early Cretaceous granites are S-type, while the Late Cretaceous granites are A-type, reflecting a transition from <em>syn</em>-collisional to post-collisional extension. Negative zircon εHf_(t) values (−3.1 to −14.9) and two-stage model ages (T_DM2 = 1.17–2.03 Ga) indicate incorporation of Mesoproterozoic and Paleoproterozoic crustal material. Sr isotope ratios (initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr_(i) values ranging from 0.709662 to 0.725917) suggest formation via melting of heterogeneous sources, including igneous and metamorphosed sedimentary rocks. The significant contribution of remelted tin-rich strata and multi-stage fractional crystallization explains variations in ore-bearing properties of the tin-bearing granites at Xiaolonghe and Lailishan. These findings highlight the strong tin mineralization potential of the Tengchong-Lianghe region, driven by multi-phase magmatism and substantial deep-seated tin resources.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"182 ","pages":"Article 106651"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143941910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Texture, geochemistry and U–Pb geochronology of monazite of different origins: Implications for the magmatic–hydrothermal evolution of the Guilingou porphyry Mo-W deposit, South Qinling Orogen, central China","authors":"Xiao Xiong ,&nbsp;Laimin Zhu ,&nbsp;Peng Yang ,&nbsp;I.Tonguç Uysal ,&nbsp;Jian-xin Zhao ,&nbsp;Shitao Zhang ,&nbsp;Lele Ding ,&nbsp;Bei Li ,&nbsp;Yuanbo Ma ,&nbsp;Guowei Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106648","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106648","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Traditional methods for constraining the chronology of magmatic&lt;strong&gt;–&lt;/strong&gt;hydrothermal processes in porphyry deposits involve the use of two or three isotopic systems (such as zircon U&lt;strong&gt;–&lt;/strong&gt;Pb, molybdenite Re&lt;strong&gt;–&lt;/strong&gt;Os, or K-rich mineral &lt;sup&gt;40&lt;/sup&gt;Ar/&lt;sup&gt;39&lt;/sup&gt;Ar). However, the durations of such processes estimated using different chronometers with different closure temperatures could reflect fundamental methodological biases and have large uncertainties. The south Qinling Orogen in central China contains several potential porphyry Mo&lt;strong&gt;–&lt;/strong&gt;W deposits. In the Guilingou deposit, the Mo-W mineralization is closely related to the emplacement of the Sihaiping two-mica monzogranite, which hosts the mineralization and whose emplacement drove hydrothermal processes. Orebodies hosted in the Sihaiping pluton include ore-bearing quartz (± sericite) veins and ore-bearing granitoid ores, which are locally rich in monazite. In this study, we provide reliable distinctions in terms of texture, mode of occurrence and geochemistry between magmatic and hydrothermal monazite, as follows: (1) Monazites in orebodies are relatively small and have patchy or unzoned structure, in contrast to magmatic monazites, which are generally large in size and have oscillatory zoning or core&lt;strong&gt;–&lt;/strong&gt;rim structure, and are consistent with the features of typical hydrothermal monazites. (2) High concentrations of hydrothermal monazite grains are found within small regions, where they display paragenetic relationships with ores and other hydrothermal mineral assemblages. They generally occur as subhedral to anhedral, sub-rounded grains and commonly appear as irregular and discontinuous overgrowths. In contrast, magmatic monazites occur as single crystals with a euhedral pyramidal shape and are relatively sparse but uniformly distributed, filling small pore spaces between diagenetic biotites, subhedral feldspars, and quartz. (3) Compared to magmatic monazite, hydrothermal monazite shows steeper REE patterns, greater enrichment in LREEs and depletion in HREEs, with higher LREE/HREE ratios, and less intense and variable Eu anomalies. Magmatic monazites have concentrated Th/U and Gd/Yb&lt;sub&gt;N&lt;/sub&gt; ratios and show some correlations between the corresponding trace elements, whereas hydrothermal monazites have variable ratios and no correlation between the elements. (4) Elemental mapping by electron microprobe analysis shows homogeneous and high Ce contents in the hydrothermal monazite, together with extremely low Th, U, Y and SiO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; contents in the whole grains, in contrast to magmatic monazites, which have high Y contents and are strongly oscillatory zoned with respect to Ce, Th and SiO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;. The magmatic monazite crystals obtained a weighted mean &lt;sup&gt;206&lt;/sup&gt;Pb/&lt;sup&gt;238&lt;/sup&gt;U age of 205 ± 0.6 Ma, indicating a magmatic event prior to ore formation. Hydrothermal monazite crystals have weighted mean &lt;sup&gt;206&lt;","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"182 ","pages":"Article 106648"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143931492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nature and origin of dolomite-hosted Th-U-HREE mineralization in the Tethyan Metallogenic Belt, Biga Peninsula, Northwestern Türkiye","authors":"Ayetullah Tunc ,&nbsp;Zhenbing She ,&nbsp;Yuxiang Zhu ,&nbsp;Kenan Cao ,&nbsp;Reza Deevsalar ,&nbsp;Yuzhou Feng ,&nbsp;Yuanming Pan","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106671","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106671","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Biga Peninsula in northwestern Türkiye, a metallogenic province in the Tethyan Metallogenic Belt, hosts economically significant gold-copper deposits and thorium-uranium-rare earth elements (Th-U-REE) occurrences, including both light REE (LREE) and heavy REE (HREE) styles of mineralization. This contribution focuses on the nature and origins of Th-U-REE mineralization in the Arıklı district, Biga Peninsula, where three zones of Th-U-REE mineralization (A, B, and C) each extends only a few meters along faults in Cenozoic volcanic rocks. Zones A and C of U-Th-LREE mineralization are hosted by fluorapatite-sulfide-hematite and dolomite-fluorapatite assemblages and have U-Th-REE concentrations up to 1,152 ppm and 2,221 ppm, respectively, with fluorapatite as the principal U-Th-REE-bearing mineral. In contrast, Zone B of Th-U-HREE mineralization is hosted by a dolomite-dominant assemblage, with Th, U, and total HREE + Y concentrations up to 25,600 ppm, 4,100 ppm, and 3,535 ppm, respectively, with cheralite (CaTh(PO₄)₂) as the principal ore mineral. Four stages of dolomite have been identified in the main mineralization Zone B: fine to medium-crystalline dolomite (D1; anhedral), pervasive medium-grained dolomite (D2; subhedral to anhedral), dolomite rhombs (D3), and void-/vein-filling coarse-crystalline dolomite (D4). Two stages of void-/vein-filling cheralite coincide with dolomite D3 and D4. The first stage cheralite shows intense hydrothermal modification, resulting in a disturbed U-Th-Pb isotopic system. Secondary cheralite of minimal hydrothermal disturbance yielded ²⁰⁶Pb-²³⁸U age of 18.8 ± 1.6 Ma (2σ, MSWD = 1.3) and ²⁰⁸Pb-²³²Th age of 18.15 ± 0.08 Ma (2σ, MSWD = 2.3). Carbon and oxygen isotope compositions differ significantly from those of primary igneous carbonatites but are close to sedimentary rocks, indicating that all dolomites have a hydrothermal origin with sedimentary sources. These results collectively suggest that Early Miocene hydrothermal fluids most likely originated from mantle-derived alkaline magmatism and interacted with carbonate sedimentary rocks, facilitating the mobilization, enrichment, and precipitation of dolomite-hosted Th, U, and HREE mineralization in fault zones.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"182 ","pages":"Article 106671"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143935630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The age of the Yuanjiacun banded iron formation in the North China Craton revisited","authors":"Yang Bai ,&nbsp;Changle Wang ,&nbsp;Lianchang Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhiguo Dong ,&nbsp;Xin Zhang ,&nbsp;Shangjun Xie ,&nbsp;Wenjun Li ,&nbsp;Kunyuan Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106667","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106667","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Banded iron formations (BIFs) represent an iron-rich rock type that typifies Archean and Paleoproterzoic supracrustal successions, with nearly the absence of BIFs deposited during the Great Oxidation Event (GOE; 2.4–2.2 Ga). This paucity renders us difficult to apply BIFs to understand a shift of paleoenvironmental conditions in time and space and its specific control mechanism on BIF deposition. In this regard, we focus on the Yuanjiacun BIF in the Lüliang area of the North China Craton (NCC), because it is a potential BIF that might be deposited during the GOE. If the formation age of this BIF is confirmed, it would hold great potential as a good archive to record the redox conditions and transitions in the atmosphere–ocean system and reveal its genetic relationship to the paleoenvironmental evolution. Here, we present a detailed compilation of all previously published zircon U-Pb ages of metamorphosed sedimentary rocks within the Lüliang Group to assess the formation age of the Yuanjiacun BIF. In combination with our newly obtained SHRIMP zircon U-Pb ages of sericite-quartz phyllites intercalated with this BIF, we can further clearly recognize the major detrital zircon age distribution of the Lüliang Group to get a good understanding of its provenance. Results show that the youngest detrital zircon population of associated metamorphosed sedimentary rocks occurs between 2.23 and 2.20 Ga, representing the maximum depositional age of these rocks. This age, coupled with the formation ages of overlying volcanic rocks, further provides a well constraint on the depositional age of the Yuanjiacun BIF to ∼2.23–2.21 Ga, clearly during the GOE. In addition, the detrital zircon age distribution yields a dominant 2.5–2.6 Ga age population and subordinate age peaks at ∼2.2 Ga, 2.3–2.5 Ga, 2.6–2.8 Ga, and ∼3.0 Ga, suggesting that detrital zircons were sourced predominantly from weathering of Archean igneous rocks, possibly located in both Lüliang and adjacent Fuping-Wutai-Hengshan regions. By further constructing a comparision with other Paleoproterozoic strata in the NCC, we highlight the significance and uniqueness of the Yuanjiacun BIF. Its deposition is slightly older than nearly all Paleoproterozoic successions distributed in other regions of the NCC.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"182 ","pages":"Article 106667"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143931491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Large-scale Permian-Jurassic rare-metal mineralization in the Altai Orogenic Belt: A review","authors":"Ping Shen ,&nbsp;Hao-Xuan Feng ,&nbsp;Chang-Hao Li ,&nbsp;Keiko Hattori ,&nbsp;Hua-Dong Ma ,&nbsp;Hong-Di Pan ,&nbsp;Wei Wang ,&nbsp;Yao-Qing Luo ,&nbsp;Qing-Yu Suo ,&nbsp;Xiang-Kai Chu","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106669","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106669","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Altai Orogenic Belt, a key part of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt, is an important rare-metal (Li–Be–Nb–Ta–Sn–W) metallogenic province in the world, containing pegmatite deposits enriched in LCT (Li, Cs, Ta), granite-hosted Li-Rb deposits, ongonite Li deposits, greisen and quartz-vein hosted Sn-W deposits. The Altai provinde comprises three metallogenic belts in three mineralization periods: early Permain (297–272 Ma) Kalba-Narym belt, late Permian (274–253 Ma) South Altai belt and late Triassic–early Jurrasic (230–180 Ma) North Altai belt from south to north, and the largest number of deposits occurred in the last period North Altai belt. The rare metal mineralization is contemporaneous with granitic intrusions where some intrusions are barren, and the other are mineralized. Barren granites are less fractionated and large (&gt;10 km² on the surface), and were emplaced at high temperature (700–850 °C), whereas the mineralized granites, related to the mineralization, are strongly fractionated and small (&lt;5 km² on the surface), and were emplaced at low temperature (600–650 °C)_. Hf and Nd isotope data suggest that barren and mineralized magmas were derived from juvenile and ancient crust. The predominant rare-metal mineralzation is associated with granites derived from ancient crust. The magmatic fractionation model has been widely accepted for the genesis of the rare metal deposits, including LCT pegmatite deposits, granite-hosted Li-Rb deposits, greisen and quartz-vein hosted Sn-W deposits. Our data suggest melting of Devonian granite with enrichment in rare metals and magmatic fractionation explains the mineralization in the North Altai belt.</div><div>The mineralization in the Kalba-Narym and South Altai belts took place during the Permian collision between Siberia Craton and Kazakhstan-Junggar Block after the closure of the Irtysh-Zaisan Ocean. In contrast, the deposits in the North Altai belt formed during the Mesozoic intraplate extension. The sites for pegmatite and granite deposits coincide with the transitional zone of positive and negative gravity anomalies in the proximity to the regional fault, suggesting that this zone is favourable for the intrusion of the mineralized magma. On the other hand, the areas with negative gravity anomalies host greisen-quartz-vein Sn-W deposits, confirming that the Sn-W deposits are hosted by low-density rocks. Therefore, except for strongly magmatic fractionation, the existence of enriched Devonian granite, site of steep gravity anomaly gradient, derivation of magma from ancient crustal rocks and the tectonic setting from the contraction to extension in the Mesozoic played a key role in the formation of large-scale rare metal mineralzation in the North Altai belt.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"182 ","pages":"Article 106669"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143946941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geology and genesis of the Shenshuitan deposit in the Wulonggou gold district, Qinghai Province, China","authors":"Zhong Zhenhai ,&nbsp;Wang Shiwei ,&nbsp;Zhou Taofa ,&nbsp;Yuan Feng ,&nbsp;Fan Yu ,&nbsp;Deng Yufeng ,&nbsp;Xia Chulin ,&nbsp;Li Shanping ,&nbsp;Xu Haiquan ,&nbsp;Zhang Lejun","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106665","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106665","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Wulonggou gold district in the Eastern Kunlun region of Qinghai Province, China, hosts several gold deposits, yet the origin and nature of the ore-forming fluids remain debated. This study focuses on the Shenshuitan deposit in the Wulonggou gold district, integrating field observations with petrographic and geochemical analyses to constrain its genesis. Geological observations indicate that the deposit preserves three types alteration (skarn, propylitic and phyllic alteration). LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating of hydrothermal garnet and magmatic zircon from the mineralization-related quartz diorite porphyry yielded ages of 220 ± 2 Ma and 218 ± 2 Ma, respectively. These overlapping ages indicate a close temporal relationship between magmatism and gold mineralization during the Late Triassic. The close spatial and temporal association among porphyry intrusion, alteration, and mineralization points to a magmatic-hydrothermal origin for the Shenshuitan deposit. The quartz diorite porphyry exhibits adakitic geochemical signatures and ε_Hf(t) values from −6 to −0.9, with two-stage model ages (TDM₂) ranging from 0.89 to 1.09 Ga. These features suggest the magma was derived from the partial melting of thickened, juvenile lower crust of Mesoproterozoic age. This magmatic event likely occurred in the post-collisional extensional setting following the closure of the Paleo-Tethys Ocean.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"183 ","pages":"Article 106665"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143947825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Formation of the Huxingshan tungsten deposit by pulsed magmatic-hydrothermal fluids: Insights from scheelite mineral assemblage, texture, and trace elements","authors":"Lei Zhu ,&nbsp;Bin Li ,&nbsp;An-Huai Lu ,&nbsp;De-Xian Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106649","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106649","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Huxingshan tungsten deposit, located in the Jiangnan tungsten belt of South China, consists of scheelite-quartz-muscovite-calcite (SQMC) and scheelite-quartz-muscovite-fluorite (SQMF) vein-type mineralization hosted by the Yalan-Yuantang fault and the Niutitang Formation carbonate rocks. The textures and compositions of Sch-A (from SQMC veins) and Sch-B (from SQMF veins) were revealed by cathodoluminescence (CL) imaging and in situ LA-ICP-MS to decipher the nature and origin of the ore-forming fluids. CL images show that Sch-A is homogeneous, while Sch-B exhibits oscillatory zoning. The presence of quartz-muscovite assemblages in both vein types—common in greisen and vein-type W-Sn deposits—and the LREE-enriched patterns in Sch-A/Sch-B cores jointly indicate a magmatic-hydrothermal origin for the ore-forming fluids. However, Sch-A and Sch-B exhibit different REE patterns and yield two markedly distinct compositional clusters, with Sch-B having lower Sr, Nb, Mo, and higher Mn and REE contents than Sch-A. These mineral chemical differences, combined with the fact that fluorite exclusively occurs in Sch-B-bearing SQMF veins, suggest that Sch-A and Sch-B formed from two distinct magmatic-hydrothermal fluid pulses: a F-poor pulse and a F-rich pulse. The cores of Sch-A and Sch-B provide the earliest records of the two mineralizing fluid pulses, showing that (1) both fluid pulses initially exhibited LREE-enriched patterns, with the F-rich fluid pulse having lower LREE/HREE ratios than the F-poor fluid pulse, and (2) the F-poor fluid pulse is Sr-rich and REE-poor, while the F-rich fluid pulse is Sr-poor and REE-rich. The shift from LREE-enriched to MREE-enriched patterns from core to rim in Sch-A and Sch-B grains, accompanied by progressively decreasing REE and Sr contents, results from closed-system crystallization of scheelite during the two mineralization pulses. Sch-A and Sch-B have low Mo content (4.9–203 ppm) with variable Eu anomalies (0.56–2.89 for Sch-A and 0.87–4.21 for Sch-B), similar to those of scheelite from reduced skarn, indicating reduced conditions of the ore-forming fluids. Based on published geochronological data of the Huxingshan district, the overlapping Y/Ho ratios of both scheelite types indicate the mineralizing fluid pulses were likely sequentially released from a concealed granitic magma system emplaced at ca. 132.9 Ma. Our study at Huxingshan reveals that pulsed ore formation by multiple magmatic-hydrothermal fluid pulses is likely crucial for the formation of intrusion-related tungsten deposits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"182 ","pages":"Article 106649"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143924856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evidence for metal sources, fluid-mixing processes, and S isotope recycling within the feeder zone of an Irish type Zn-Pb deposit","authors":"Aileen L. Doran ,&nbsp;Steven P. Hollis ,&nbsp;Julian F. Menuge ,&nbsp;Connor Lyons ,&nbsp;Stephen J. Piercey ,&nbsp;Adrian J. Boyce ,&nbsp;Paul Slezak ,&nbsp;Koen Torremans ,&nbsp;John Güven","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106660","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106660","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The origin and evolution of fluids in Irish-type Zn-Pb deposits remains debated, particularly regarding the mobility of metals such as Cu and Ni, sources of sulphur, and the role of fluid mixing and replacement. The Lisheen Zn-Pb deposit, Ireland, offers a well-defined natural laboratory to investigate these questions. While most studies have focused on the Waulsortian Limestone Formation, the primary sulphide host, less is known about mineralisation in underlying units, such as the Lisduff Oolite Member (LOM). The LOM displays enrichment in Cu and Ni and displays intense replacement textures compared to other hosts at Lisheen, making it an ideal target for studying metal mobility and sulphur recycling in carbonate-hosted systems. Through characterising and studying LOM-hosted sulphides, valuable insights into mineralisation processes, especially related to Cu-Ni metals, can be defined. This study integrates petrography, EMPA, and in situ sulphur isotope (δ³⁴S) analysis to investigate sulphide paragenesis, mineral chemistry, and fluid evolution across LOM ore zones. Results reveal a multistage mineralising system involving extensive replacement of early pyrite (Py0, δ³⁴S = −28.4 to −21.9 ‰) by sphalerite and galena, with zoned pyrite (Py1) enriched in As-Cu-Ni-Tl. The δ³⁴S values and trace element trends indicate mixing between hydrothermal and bacteriogenic sulphur-rich fluids, with evidence for sulphur recycling during replacement. Pyrite textures and compositions capture this evolving fluid regime, with trace element enrichment linked to paragenetic stage. The steel ore region, adjacent to major fault intersections, records intense hydrothermal fluid interaction, hosting Ni- and As-rich phases such as nickeline, gersdorffite, and arsenopyrite. These findings highlight the importance of structural controls and fluid mixing in metal transport and deposition, positioning the LOM as a key stratigraphic unit for understanding ore-forming processes in Irish-type systems. These results have implications for targeting similar carbonate-hosted systems globally, especially where deeper or structurally complex ore zones remain underexplored.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"182 ","pages":"Article 106660"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143935628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Formation of the Heishan magmatic Ni-Cu sulfide deposit in the Central Asian Orogenic Belt: Implications from magma oxygen fugacity and sulfur isotopes","authors":"Wen-Bin Ji ,&nbsp;Zhong-Jie Bai ,&nbsp;Jian-Feng Gao ,&nbsp;Wei Xie ,&nbsp;Wei-Guang Zhu ,&nbsp;Shuai Wei ,&nbsp;Shi-Ji Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106666","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106666","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The genesis of magmatic Ni-Cu sulfide deposits in convergent tectonic settings is primarily controlled by magmatic oxygen fugacity (<em>f</em>O₂) reduction and/or external sulfur assimilation. To test two competing genetic hypotheses for the Heishan magmatic Ni-Cu deposit in the Central Asian Orogenic Belt, we employ sulfur isotope analysis of sulfide minerals and <em>f</em>O₂ estimates derived from olivine-orthopyroxene-spinel (Ol-Opx-Spl) equilibria to constrain the sources of sulfur and the redox conditions during mineralization. The δ³⁴S values of sulfide minerals vary from –1.1 to + 7.5 ‰, showing systematic variations among lithologies. The δ³⁴S values of sulfides from sparsely disseminated mineralized harzburgite (–1,1 to + 1.6 ‰) fall within the range of mantle-derived sulfur, whereas those from disseminated mineralized lherzolite (1.1 to + 7.5 ‰) indicate crustal sulfur contributions. Magmatic <em>f</em>O₂ conditions span a range of ΔFMQ + 0.69 to ΔFMQ + 1.03. The measured values are &gt; 1 order of magnitude lower compared to those observed in the Xiadong sulfide-barren ultramafic intrusion within the Central Asian Orogenic Belt. Combining geochemical constraints from sulfur concentrations in primitive arc basalts (2,000–3,000 ppm) with thermodynamic modeling of sulfur solubility under variable redox conditions in hydrous basaltic systems, we confirm that exogenous sulfur input alone is insufficient to achieve sulfide segregation in the primary magma of the Heishan deposit. A substantial decrease in primary magma <em>f</em>O₂ is necessary to trigger sulfide saturation for the Heishan deposit, while the introduction of external sulfur can enhance the degree of mineralization. This study establishes a dual-control paradigm: <em>f</em>O₂ reduction governs the initiation of sulfide melt segregation, whereas external sulfur influx modulates metal endowment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"182 ","pages":"Article 106666"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143935629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Origin of ferromanganese deposits in the Jurassic to Cretaceous accretionary complex: Implications for the deep-sea environment around ocean anoxic events","authors":"Keishiro Azami ,&nbsp;Koichiro Fujinaga ,&nbsp;Naoto Hirano ,&nbsp;Yasuhiro Kato","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106661","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106661","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the Tokoro Belt, which is a Jurassic to Cretaceous accretionary complex in Japan, Fe and Mn deposits are distributed along basaltic rocks and chert. This study proposes the origin of these Fe and Mn deposits and reconstructs marine Os isotope ratios. The samples were found to exhibit negative Ce anomalies and low transition metal contents other than Fe and Mn, which are typical of submarine hydrothermal ferromanganese oxides. The Fe deposit samples were enriched in rare-earth elements due to apatite accumulation. Several Mn deposit samples showed positive Eu anomalies, suggesting high-temperature water–rock interactions. The radiolarian ages of red cherts in previous studies and the distributions of mid-ocean ridge (MOR) and oceanic island basalts indicate that Fe deposits were formed by hydrothermal activity at an MOR in the Callovian or older. In contrast, Mn deposits were formed by hydrothermal activity on oceanic islands approximately 5 × 10³ km from the MOR at approximately 120 Ma. The low initial Os isotope ratios of the Fe deposit samples (0.411–0.445) suggest that volcanism in the MOR was active before the Late Jurassic oceanic anoxic event (OAE). The initial Os isotope ratios of the Mn deposit samples from the western and southern sections correspond to the marine Os isotope ratios observed before and during OAE1a (∼124–119.55 Ma and 119.5–118.5 Ma, respectively). As the Mn deposits are interbedded with red chert, it can be inferred that an oxic environment was maintained in the deep-sea pelagic regions throughout OAE1a.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"182 ","pages":"Article 106661"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143924857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}