Ore Geology Reviews最新文献

{"title":"Structural analysis of magmatic Ni-Cu sulfide deposit based on high-precision magnetic surveying: A case study of the Baixintan Ni-Cu deposit in eastern Tianshan, NW China","authors":"Shaole An ,&nbsp;Changli Yao ,&nbsp;Zhixin Zhang ,&nbsp;Jinlin Wang ,&nbsp;Wei Wang ,&nbsp;Qingqing Qiao ,&nbsp;Shanshan Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106916","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106916","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Baixintan deposit is one of newly discovered magmatic Ni-Cu sulfide deposit in eastern Tianshan nickel belts, NW China. As exploration progresses, the understanding of the whole subsurface structure and unexposed deposits in this area remains insufficient to meet the challenges of deep exploration. In this study, a cost-effective and high-precision ground magnetic surveying was employed to investigate the underground structures of the mining area, primarily due to the frequent presence of ferromagnetic minerals. Utilizing the high-precision magnetic data, the main fault structures were delineated based on robust edge detectors such as horizontal derivative, tilt angle and analytic signal. Additionally, the extensions of the primary mineralization zones and the burial depths of the ore-bearing rock bodies were determined through 3D physical property inversion technology. The target area for ore exploration was defined based on the available geological and drilling information. Our findings suggest that the primary magnetic anomalies in the study area are attributed to shallow geological bodies, specifically those less than 400 m in depth, and their morphology agrees well with the mafic–ultramafic rocks exposed on the surface. The predominant magnetic structures are oriented in the NE-SW and NW-SE directions, of which the NE direction is closely related to mineralization. The Ni-Cu mineralization bearing mafic–ultramafic rocks extends eastward along the NE-trending fault. This study not only enhances mineral exploration efforts in the Baixintan mining area but also serves as a valuable reference for exploring similar deposits covered by the Gobi Desert.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 106916"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145219659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ore-forming processes of the Dafulou tin deposit in the Dachang orefield: Evidence from geological, petrographic, fluid inclusion, and sulfur isotope analyses","authors":"XinYu Wang ,&nbsp;HengQing Zhang ,&nbsp;LiangXi Wei ,&nbsp;RongXing Zhou ,&nbsp;Yan Gong ,&nbsp;PinZhong Zhao ,&nbsp;ChangHao Xiao","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106909","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106909","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;The Dafulou tin deposit, a representative deposit in the eastern ore zone of the Dachang tin orefield (located in the Youjiang Basin of South China), exhibits distinctive geological features that provide important insights into the ore-forming processes and genetic model of tin-polymetallic mineralization. Based on petrographic observations, sulfur isotope analysis, and fluid inclusion studies—integrated with the geological characteristics of the deposit—the following findings were obtained: The spatial distribution of ore bodies in the Dafulou deposit is jointly controlled by NW-trending deep faults and an interstratified fracture zone within the first segment of the Devonian Tangding Formation. The ore-forming process can be divided into three stages: (1) the sulfide stage (Stage 1: pyrrhotite + pyrite + sphalerite + stannite + minor cassiterite and arsenopyrite); (2) the cassiterite-sulfide stage (Stage 2: cassiterite + arsenopyrite + pyrrhotite + pyrite + stannite); and (3) the calcite stage (Stage3: minor pyrrhotite + pyrite with calcite). High-grade cassiterite-sulfide and quartz stockwork-type ore bodies formed during Stage 2 are superimposed upon or crosscut the lower-grade sulfide-type ore bodies formed during Stage 1. Although fluid inclusions in quartz from Stages 1 and 2 show broadly similar homogenization temperatures and salinities (344–380 °C and 16.62–20.27 wt%, respectively), a higher abundance of hydrocarbon-bearing inclusions (10–15 %) is observed in Stage 1. In addition, the δ&lt;sup&gt;34&lt;/sup&gt;S values of sulfides from Stage 1 (−14.9 ‰ to −9.0 ‰) differ significantly from those of Stage 2 (centered around −3 ‰), indicating the involvement of organic matter in the sulfur cycle, including bacterial sulfate reduction, thermochemical sulfate reduction, and pyrolysis of organic matter. These data suggest that the Stage 1 ore-forming fluid was generated by the mixing of stratum-derived, organic sulfur-rich fluids with magmatic fluids, while the Stage 2 fluid was derived solely from a magmatic source. Mineralogical evidence indicates a paragenetic sequence from stannite to cassiterite, reflecting a transition from a strongly reducing environment in Stage 1—characterized by high sulfur fugacity (ƒS&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;) and low oxygen fugacity (ƒO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;)—to a more oxidizing and alkaline environment with decreasing ƒS&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; and increasing ƒO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; and pH. Moreover, the assemblage of cassiterite with arsenopyrite and calcite suggests that fluid boiling (CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; escape) and redox reactions involving As(III) complexes were the primary mechanisms responsible for large-scale cassiterite precipitation. In summary, the Dafulou deposit is classified as a distal magmatic-hydrothermal system, whose formation likely involved pulsating ascent of tin-rich fluids driven by a concealed deep pluton, followed by differential unloading during fluid mixing with organic sulfur-rich fluids from the surrounding strata (Stage 1) and subs","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 106909"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145219525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brannerite identification in the Louzhuangzi sedimentary U deposit and implications for deposit genesis or post-ore alteration","authors":"Qing Wang ,&nbsp;Fengjun Nie ,&nbsp;Yiping Yang ,&nbsp;Haiyang Xian ,&nbsp;Fei Xia ,&nbsp;Zhaobin Yan ,&nbsp;Xin Zhang ,&nbsp;Dong-guang Yang ,&nbsp;Wei-Wei Jia ,&nbsp;Fanmin Meng ,&nbsp;Da Sun ,&nbsp;Jingjing Yan ,&nbsp;Song Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106908","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106908","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Brannerite (UTi₂O₆) is typically considered indicative of hydrothermal conditions in uranium mineral systems. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive mineralogical investigation of uranium-bearing sandstones from the Louzhuangzi area along the southern margin of the Junggar Basin. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron microprobe analysis (EMPA) were used to characterize the alteration features of titanium oxides. However, we recognize that SEM-EDS data alone are not sufficient for the conclusive identification of brannerite, as similar spectra may be produced by other titanium-uranium-bearing phases.</div><div>To overcome this limitation, focused-ion-beam (FIB) sample preparation combined with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was employed to examine the crystal structure and nanoscale chemistry of selected titanium-uranium mineral particles. Selected-area electron diffraction (SAED) patterns and high-resolution TEM imaging, together with EDS elemental mapping, confirm the presence of discrete nanocrystalline brannerite aggregates. The identification of brannerite in the Louzhuangzi deposit suggests that hydrothermal activity played a role during ore formation or post-ore modification in this sandstone-type setting.</div><div>A comprehensive investigation indicates that uranium mineralization in the Louzhuangzi area is controlled by the coupled effects of oxidation, superimposed hydrothermal processes, and hydrocarbon-mediated fluid interactions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 106908"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145219521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inversion of magnetic and transient electromagnetic data for the characterization of skarn polymetallic mineralization in the Qimantagh Metallogenic Belt, China","authors":"Ahmed M. Beshr ,&nbsp;Hai Li ,&nbsp;Mubashir Hussain ,&nbsp;Farhad Ali Memon","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106902","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106902","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The growing demand for mineral resources in China underscores the critical importance of advanced exploration techniques. This study investigates the Yemaquan area within the polymetallic resource-rich Qimantagh Metallogenic Belt (QMB), using an integrated approach that combines total magnetic intensity (TMI) and grounded-wire short-offset transient electromagnetic (SOTEM) data to identify potential skarn-hosted mineralization. A 3D inversion of magnetic data revealed distinct subsurface zones with varying magnetic susceptibilities (0.01–0.18SI) at depths ranging from 25 to 350 m, indicating potential iron-rich accumulations. A quasi-2D inversion of SOTEM data, focused on a magnetically promising location, revealed a conductive zone (∼10 Ωm), indicating skarn alteration along the contact between a granodiorite intrusion and carbonate rocks. The integration of the inverted magnetic and SOTEM models facilitated the classification of the subsurface into seven distinct geological and mineralization units. Notably, the interpreted skarn zone (R5) was spatially related to two mineralization styles: Pb–Zn (R6) at depths of 50–150 m and Fe–Cu (R7) at a depth of 350 m. These findings were supported by mining drillholes in the area. This study demonstrates the efficacy of combining magnetic and electromagnetic geophysical methods for targeted mineral exploration in complex geological terrains, providing critical information for resource assessment and development in the QMB.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 106902"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145219656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genesis of the Xiling gold deposit, Jiaodong Peninsula, eastern China: Constraints from in situ trace elements and s-pb isotopes of pyrite","authors":"Jiepeng Tian ,&nbsp;Jinhui Wang ,&nbsp;Wen Zhang ,&nbsp;Bin Sun ,&nbsp;Junjin Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiaowei Yu ,&nbsp;Yingpeng Wang ,&nbsp;Ligong Wang ,&nbsp;Xue Dong","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106895","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106895","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Xiling gold deposit, a newly discovered ultra-large-scale gold deposit in the Jiaoxibei ore concentration area, has a proven gold reserves of 592 tons and is classified as a fault-related hydrothermal alteration type gold deposit. This study presents in-situ trace element and sulfur-lead isotope data of pyrite from different mineralization stages in the Xiling gold deposit, providing new insights into the genesis of giant gold deposits from the Early Cretaceous. Based on petrographic observation of rocks extracted from drill holes and analysis of backscattered electron (BSE) images, the development of pyrite in the Xiling gold deposit can be divided into 4 stages and 6 subclasses. In situ trace element analysis of pyrite shows that except for stage III, the gold content in the pyrite lattice is very low, mostly less than 1 ppm, with gold mainly existing as invisible gold (lattice gold). From Py1 to Py4, there is a good positive correlation between Au and Ag, As, Sb, Cu, Pb, and Bi, with a trend of increasing content. The trace element analysis results of pyrite indicate that the initial ore-forming fluid originated from the enriched lithospheric mantle. The in situ δ³⁴S values of pyrite indicate a transition in the mineralization environment from compression and reduction to extension and oxidation. In situ Pb isotope results show that the ore-forming fluid extracted lead from the surrounding rocks during migration and mineralization. During the upward migration of the fluid, the tectonic environment experienced a transition from compression to extension, and extracted the ore-forming materials from the surrounding rocks, resulting in the deposition of a huge amount of gold.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 106895"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145219524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geochronology and pyrite geochemistry of the early Neoproterozoic Shuiyuesi orogenic gold deposit, northern Yangtze Craton: Implications for ore-forming fluid source and enrichment processes","authors":"Mingzheng Shen ,&nbsp;Feng Yuan ,&nbsp;Zhou Zhou ,&nbsp;Peng Yang ,&nbsp;Zhibo Luo ,&nbsp;Dejian Ai ,&nbsp;Zeyu E ,&nbsp;Jiawang Liu ,&nbsp;Jinyu Li","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106905","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106905","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gold deposit formation related to the Neoproterozoic orogeny were unusual throughout Earth’s history. As the most productive gold deposit in the metamorphic basement of the Huangling gold field, the Early Neoproterozoic Shuiyuesi deposit is characterized by high Au grade and abundant Au–Te minerals, providing a natural lab to investigate ore-forming fluid source and gold enrichment processes in response to Neoproterozoic orogeny. Based on in-situ U–Pb dating of hydrothermal monazite and apatite in paragenesis with pyrite, this study precisely constrains the mineralization age to ca. 806 Ma. Trace element compositions of pyrite from pre-, main-, late-, and post-ore stages indicate that they have low Au contents, reflecting Au mineralization is predominantly expressed as visible gold. Combined with the widespread occurrence of Te minerals and contemporaneous mafic dikes derived from metasomatized lithospheric mantle, in-situ S isotopic (δ³⁴S values of −0.84 to 5.24 ‰), and Pb isotopic (²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, and ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb ratios of 15.53–16.08, 15.16–15.28, and 37.05–37.83, respectively) compositions of pyrites from different stages reflect a deep fluid source related to metasomatized lithospheric mantle. Petrographic observations and trace element mapping of pyrite reveal that the precipitation of early-formed Te–Au minerals and electrum metallic droplets as inclusions in pyrites are related to efficient gold extraction by Te-rich LMCE (low-melting point chalcophile elements) melt from hydrothermal fluid; late-formed fracture gold (native gold and electrum) precipitates from the residual fluid. This study promotes a deeper understanding of ore genesis of the Au mineralization related to the Neoproterozoic orogeny.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 106905"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145219662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ore-forming processes of the Ketelegaole Cu-W polymetallic deposit, East Kunlun Orogenic Belt, China: Constraints from textures, trace elements, and sulfur isotopes of pyrite, pyrrhotite and sphalerite","authors":"Ming-Yu Tang ,&nbsp;Shi-Jiong Han ,&nbsp;Cheng-Gang Cao ,&nbsp;Rong-Qiang Guo ,&nbsp;Yi-Chen Chen ,&nbsp;Yu-Rui Yuan ,&nbsp;Jin-Xin Yuan ,&nbsp;Jun-Jun Han ,&nbsp;Shi-Gui Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106900","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106900","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Ketelegaole Cu-W polymetallic deposit (1.11 Mt at 0.50% Cu, 0.50% WO₃, 1.22% Pb, and 3.60% Zn) is situated in the Qimantagh area, eastern East Kunlun Orogenic Belt. As the first systematic study of this deposit, we integrate field geology with LA-ICP-MS trace element analysis and sulfur isotopes of sulfides from different mineralization stages, supplemented by regional comparisons. These results provide initial constraints on its genetic type, mineralization processes, and fluid evolution.</div><div>LA-ICP-MS trace element data of sulfides indicate that Po1 is enriched in Co and Ni with high Co/Ni ratios, suggesting a high-temperature origin. Co, Ni, and Bi decrease from Py1 to Py3 suggest a cooling trend in the ore-forming fluid, possibly due to increased meteoric water influx. Py1 and Py3 exhibit As and Cu enrichment but Co and Ni depletion, along with low Co/Ni, Tl/Cu, high As/Sb (&gt;20) ratios, and elevated Ag/Co (&gt;0.01), indicating vigorous fluid boiling during this stage. Sphalerite is enriched in Fe, Mn, Co, In, and Sn, but depletion in Ga and Ge. The Ga/In (0.001 ∼ 0.05) and Zn/Cd (155 ∼ 223) ratios, combined with Fe/Zn geothermometry (255 ∼ 380 °C, avg. 322 °C), confirm that the Ketelegaole Cu-W polymetallic deposit formed in a high-temperature hydrothermal system.</div><div>LA-ICP-MS sulfur isotope data reveal the majority of sulfides (Po1, Po2, Py1, Py3, Sp) display a narrow δ³⁴S range (−0.14 ‰ to 4.12 ‰, n = 29), consistent with magmatic sulfur signatures. Early sulfides from the pyrite stage (Py1, Po2) show moderately negative δ³⁴S values (Py1: −6.4 to − 6.2 ‰, n = 4; Po2: −5.9 to 0.6 %, n = 8), interpreted as resulting from vigorous fluid boiling. Conversely, late sulfides from the pyrite stage (Py3) show the slightly enriched δ³⁴S values are attributed to potential mixing with diagenetic sulfur derived from wall rocks. The δ³⁴S values of sphalerite (Sp = 0.4 ∼ 3.5 ‰, n = 17) from the Pb-Zn sulfide stage clearly reflect remarkable magmatic sulfur source. Combined geological and geochemical evidence conclusively classifies the Ketelegaole deposit as a skarn-type deposit.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 106900"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145219526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magma differentiation and rare metal mineralization of the Qongjiagang area, Himalayan orogen: evidence from trace element and boron isotope compositions of tourmaline","authors":"Haiquan Li ,&nbsp;Youye Zheng ,&nbsp;Kirsten Drüppel ,&nbsp;Peng Kang ,&nbsp;Sonam Dolgar ,&nbsp;Zongyang Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106898","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106898","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Strongly fractionated granitic-pegmatitic rocks of the Qongjiagang area, Himalayan orogen are associated with economically important rare metal (e.g., Li, Nb, Be, and Ta) mineralization. Tourmaline is a frequent mineral in both the granites and pegmatites, which makes it an ideal candidate for investigating magmatic to hydrothermal processes that led to the rare metal enrichment. However, a systematic investigation of the response patterns of tourmaline compositions to differentiation processes is still lacking. In this study, we present petrographic and characteristics of the granitic-pegmatitic rock suites, as well as the chemical and boron isotopic compositions of tourmaline. Tourmalines in all samples exhibit schorl characteristics. Those from part of the muscovite granites exhibit pronounced zoning with highest MgO contents and δ¹¹B ratios being recorded by their cores (δ¹¹B: −10.0 ∼ −7.74 ‰) whereas the rims trend to lower δ¹¹B (−11.8 ∼ −10.5 ‰). The δ¹¹B ratios of the tourmaline rims are close to those of unzoned tourmalines of the other muscovite granite samples (−12.5 ∼ −12.1 ‰). Tourmalines of tourmaline granite (−14.5 ∼ −13.9 ‰) and barren pegmatite (−14.0 ∼ −12.9 ‰) exhibit comparably low δ¹¹B ratios. The ones in beryl pegmatites are characterized by the lowest δ¹¹B ratios (−15.7 ∼ −14.3 ‰) but at the same time high concentrations of B₂O₅ and enrichment in Pb, Nb, Ta, and the light rare earth elements. Notably, tourmalines of spodumene pegmatites show variable δ¹¹B ratios (−14.6 ∼ −10.3 ‰) and at the same time high values of Al₂O₃, B₂O₅, Li, Be, Sn, Cr, La, Ce, Pb, and Zn, yet low SiO₂. The textural position, as well as element and B isotope composition of tourmaline suggest a magmatic origin of all tourmalines, and record the magma differentiation from early muscovite granite to the subsequently formed pegmatites, with tourmaline of the spodumene pegmatite being subsequently altered by hydrothermal fluids. The variable composition of the tourmalines records independent enrichment of different rare metals during differentiation. Following this, tourmaline is a useful tool to reconstruct rare metal enrichment and mineralization processes controlled by granite magma differentiation and during interaction with externally derived fluids at the magmatic–hydrothermal transition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 106898"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145219661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genesis of cookeite, the primary lithium mineral in the Late Carboniferous strata of the North China Craton","authors":"Ruixue Wang ,&nbsp;Erick Ramanaidou ,&nbsp;Christopher L. Kirkland ,&nbsp;Bobby Pejcic ,&nbsp;Carsten Laukamp ,&nbsp;Michael Verrall ,&nbsp;Louise E. Schoneveld ,&nbsp;Nick Owen ,&nbsp;Shu Huang ,&nbsp;Adam Bath ,&nbsp;Lei Zhao ,&nbsp;Qingfei Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106903","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106903","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lithium (Li) is essential for advancing the global green energy transition. As demand for this critical element grows, identifying new and unconventional Li resources has become increasingly important. Here we investigate a bauxitic sedimentary Li deposit in the Late Carboniferous strata of the North China Craton (NCC), where Li-enriched phyllosilicate layers contain up to 6782 ppm Li. Mineralogical and geochemical analyses show that Li is mainly hosted in cookeite, with significant contributions from Muscovite II and minor amounts from elbaite. Cookeite was identified by characteristic X-ray diffraction (XRD) peaks (14.03, 7.03, 3.51, and 1.49 Å), supported by spatial correlations between Li-enriched domains revealed by Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) and Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) mapping, and by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) signatures. Broad FTIR bands at 3532–3516 and 3355–3335 cm⁻¹ in Li-rich domains reflect OH stretching in Li–Al brucite-like layers, confirming cookeite. TESCAN Integrated Mineral Analyzer (TIMA) provided textural context, showing cookeite as discrete grains and intergrowths with kaolinite and muscovite, commonly forming starburst aggregates of authigenic origin. Lithium enrichment in the NCC bauxites reflects a three-stage evolution: weathering release from detrital silicates, diagenetic crystallization of cookeite and K-deficient Muscovite II, and late hydrothermal overprint that upgraded Li along fractures and pisolitic/oolitic structures with Ti oxides. This sequence underscores the combined roles of weathering, diagenesis, and hydrothermal processes in concentrating Li. These findings emphasize the significance of cookeite as the primary Li-bearing mineral in Late Carboniferous bauxitic deposits of the NCC. More broadly, this study provides a framework for exploring similar karst-hosted deposits worldwide, where cookeite, Li-muscovite, and Ti oxides may serve as key exploration indicators. LIBS and FTIR are shown to be efficient tools for identifying Li-bearing phases in fine-grained samples, offering rapid and cost-effective support for targeted Li exploration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 106903"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145219520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distribution of orebodies and gold grades and their structural controls at the Chaihulanzi gold deposit, NE China: constraints from 3D modeling and fractal analysis","authors":"Kexin Zhao ,&nbsp;Lin Yang ,&nbsp;Zhao Liu ,&nbsp;Zhuang Zhang ,&nbsp;Huajian Li ,&nbsp;Emmanuel John M. Carranza ,&nbsp;Chuan Xu ,&nbsp;Dong Xu ,&nbsp;Wen Li ,&nbsp;Kang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106901","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106901","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The multi-scale controls on the spatial distribution of orebodies and gold grades at the Chaihulanzi gold deposit remain enigmatic. The orogenic gold mineralization is hosted by graphite-bearing schists, gneisses, and diorites. Our study employed Surpac 3D modeling technology to define the spatial morphology of orebodies and applied the number–size fractal model to analyze the gold grade distribution, quantitatively characterizing the influence of ore-controlling fault systems. Our 3D model is based on geological profiles, outcrop observations and drill hole data. It reveals that the NW–SE-trending and nearly E–W-trending ore-controlling faults are compatible with a Riedel shear system. The NW–SE-trending transpressional faults controlled continuous, tabular orebodies that extend into deep en-echelon veins, whereas the nearly E–W-trending transtensional faults formed discontinuous, lens-shaped orebodies. Fractal analysis indicates that gold grades in most cross-cuts display a bifractal pattern. The orebodies controlled by transpressional faults with more intense mineralization have higher fractal dimensions (D2: 0.59–5.75; median 1.84) and thresholds (median 3.1 g/t) compared to those controlled by transtensional faults (D2: 0.75–5.25; median 1.4; threshold median 1.03 g/t). This can be explained by the dense and interconnected ore-controlling microfractures in transpressional faults associated with variable gold grade distribution, relative to sparse and dispersed microfractures in transtensional faults associated with uniform gold grade distribution. The gold grades of orebodies are decreasing in wall rocks from graphite-bearing schist to gneiss to diorite porphyry, which, together with a decreasing intensity of quartz-sericite alteration, can be attributed to the influence of fluid–rock reactions. Our study contributes to the better understanding of deposit-scale and micro-scale controls on mineralization and gold grades at the Chaihulanzi deposit with significant implications for optimizing deep and regional exploration strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 106901"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145219527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}