Ore Geology Reviews最新文献

{"title":"Characterization of primary geochemical halos for the Hetaoba volcanic-related uranium deposits in Duolun County, Inner Mongolia","authors":"Qiang Wang ,&nbsp;Yong Wang ,&nbsp;Xueqiu Wang ,&nbsp;Zhizhong Cheng ,&nbsp;Xiaojun Jiang ,&nbsp;Hanliang Liu ,&nbsp;Mi Tian ,&nbsp;Dongsheng Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106611","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106611","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Primary geochemical halo is a powerful tool for exploring blind deposits. However, primary geochemical halo studies have seldom been conducted on hydrothermal uranium deposits. This study conducted primary geochemical halo studies on the Hetaoba volcanic-related uranium deposit in the Guyuan–Hongshanzi uranium-polymetallic metallogenic belt based on the 780 core samples with 20 elements analyzed from 13 boreholes. Staged factor analysis (SFA) of the centered log-ratio (CLR) transformed data showed that an ore-related elemental association is F1 (U–Mo–As–Pb–Cd–Sb association). However, scatter plots and anomaly maps based on the thresholds determined by the concentration–number (C–N) fractal model showed that the extent of sulfide-rich zones was larger than that of uranium mineralization, and some sulfide-rich zones were accompanied by low uranium content, although uranium mineralization was always accompanied by sulfide enrichment. Furthermore, uranium minerals were distributed along the metal sulfide edges and even encased them, suggesting that uranium mineralization may have occurred later than the sulfide precipitation. Zoning patterns of indicator elements (from top to bottom) for ore bodies at shallow (AZS₁) and greater (AZS₂) depths determined by Gregorian’s method are Bi–Zn–Cd–Mo–Sb–Cs–Pb–Hg–U–Sc–Be–Li–W–Cu–As–Tl–V–Co–Cr–Ni and Cr–Ni–Sc–Be–W–V–Co–Sb–As–Bi–Cu–Pb–Mo–U–Hg–Zn–Cd–Li–Tl–Cs, respectively. These results are significant for mineral exploration. Sulfide-rich zones may provide favorable space and reducing agents for uranium mineralization and can serve as an auxiliary indicator for uranium exploration. More importantly, strong Hg anomalies at relatively greater depths may represent favorable traps for uranium deposition. Consequently, Hg can serve as a near-ore indicator of uranium exploration at relatively greater depths. In addition, AZS₂ front-halo elements may suggest the superposition of two metallogenetic stages and exploration potential in the up-dip of the fault zone.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"181 ","pages":"Article 106611"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143814829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brownfields exploration using semi-airborne transient electromagnetic surveys at the giant Bayan Obo REE-Nb-Fe deposit, Inner Mongolia, China","authors":"Xin Wu ,&nbsp;Guo-Qiang Xue ,&nbsp;Yun Liu ,&nbsp;Yan-Bo Wang ,&nbsp;Ji-En Zhang ,&nbsp;Wei-Ying Chen ,&nbsp;Lan-Fang He ,&nbsp;Yong-Gang Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106610","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106610","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Bayan Obo deposit is the largest polymetallic rare-earth and Nb deposit in the world. However, the formation of rare earth resources has been controversial for a long time due to the fact that there is still no consensus on the enrichment mechanism of the metal elements and shape of the ore body. In order to address this controversy, we conducted a semi-airborne transient electromagnetic survey covering the Bayan Obo Main- and East-pit areas and thus revealing the shape of the concealed mineralization. A significant induced polarization anomaly was identified forming a narrow band that extends from northwest to the southeast and it is consistent with previous geological interpretations and the shallow nature of the known rare-earth mineralization. By integrating the geological survey data and the inversion results, we further investigated the shape of the orebodies. Using “low resistivity and high chargeability” as the criterion for identifying potential ore-bearing rock, we documented three possible concealed ore bodies, two of which have been intersected by recent drilling data. These findings provide new research materials for studies on the mineralization mechanism of the Bayan Obo deposit and the estimation of its resources.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"181 ","pages":"Article 106610"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143820578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Destruction of the North China Craton account for the Shijia gold deposit in the Jiaodong Peninsula, eastern China","authors":"Jie Li ,&nbsp;Lipeng Zhang ,&nbsp;Mingchun Song ,&nbsp;Junwei Wang ,&nbsp;Maoqiang Yan ,&nbsp;Weidong Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106609","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106609","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Jiaodong Peninsula hosts the largest gold reserves in China, with proven gold reserves exceeding 5000 tons. Although the continuous discovery of new gold deposits in this region, the geodynamic background and the source of ore-forming materials of mineralization remain subjects of debate. Resolving this issue will be of great significance for further mineral exploration. This study focuses on the Shijia quartz vein-type gold deposit, which is hosted in Guojialing-stage granitoids within the Jiaodong Peninsula. We employ a variety of analytical techniques, including zircon LA-ICP-MS U–Pb isotopic dating, pyrite Rb–Sr isochron dating, geochemical analyses of the Shijia granodiorite, in-situ sulfur isotope and trace element analyses of pyrites, in order to obtain the accurate timing of gold mineralization and to uncover the origin of ore-forming materials. Our results show that the Shijia granodiorite was emplaced at 122.9 ± 0.2 Ma. The Rb–Sr isochron analysis of gold-bearing pyrite determines its mineralization age to be 121.3 ± 2.4 Ma, which agrees well with both the crystallization age of the Shijia intrusion and the time of destruction of the North China Craton, implying their genetic connections. Whole-rock geochemical data indicate that the Shijia granodiorite originated from a mixing magma source, primarily composed of ancient lower continental crust with approximately 20 % contribution from asthenospheric mantle, which is possibly formed in the background of the North China Craton destruction. The sulfur isotope values (6.22 to 7.59 ‰) of the gold-bearing pyrites point to a primary contribution from deep mantle sources for the ore-forming fluids. Based on the aforementioned features and the strong spatial and temporal correlation between mafic dykes and gold mineralization, we suggest that the Shijia gold deposit is a product of cratonic destruction. The destruction of the North China Craton is likely responsible for the ascent of asthenospheric material, which in turn triggered the partial melting of the metasomatized subcontinental lithospheric mantle and the ancient lower crust. This process generated large-scale contemporary granitic rocks, mafic dykes, and associated gold mineralization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"181 ","pages":"Article 106609"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143814992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel method for the identification of geochemical anomalies with emphasis on addressing the problem of elemental background variation using Pb deposits in Shaoshan, central China, as a case study","authors":"Qinghao Zhang ,&nbsp;Jilong Lu ,&nbsp;Weiming Dai ,&nbsp;Hui Wu ,&nbsp;Yuchao Fan ,&nbsp;Zhiyi Gou ,&nbsp;Xinyun Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106615","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106615","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Most currently available methods for identifying geochemical anomalies using machine/deep learning algorithms ignore the issue of elemental background variation. This study exemplifies the identification of Pb anomalies in regional stream sediments from Shaoshan, central China, by utilizing a deep autoencoder (DAE). The focus is on applying this algorithm to detect geochemical anomalies in areas with varying geochemical background of elements. Firstly, we grouped the stream sediment samples into seven clusters using the Expectation-Maximization (EM) clustering algorithm, effectively minimizing the influence of elemental background variation. Subsequently, elements associated with Pb mineralization in groups one to seven were determined through robust principal component analysis (RPCA): Bi-Li-Sn-Pb, Li-Pb-MgO, As-Nb-Pb, Nb-Pb-Zn-Al₂O₃, Li-Pb-Al₂O₃-Fe₂O₃, Ag-Pb-CaO, and Ag-Bi-Li-Pb-Sb-SiO₂. The elemental data for each group were then input into the DAE respectively to calculate the reconstruction error, with a threshold value of 0.24 established to delineate Pb anomalies. The identified anomalies corresponded to the known Pb deposits with an accuracy of 89%. In comparison to the DAE method, the combined approach offers a more effective means of identifying geochemical anomalies. This is primarily evident in its ability to eliminate false anomalies in areas with high background while also detecting weak anomalies in regions with low background. The integration of the EM clustering algorithm with machine/deep learning techniques for anomaly detection can significantly enhance the accuracy of geochemical anomaly identification.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"181 ","pages":"Article 106615"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143814830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Malage skarn-type Sn-polymetallic deposit in the vast Gejiu ore field: New data on its age and form","authors":"Ying-Xing Zhu ,&nbsp;Pei Ni ,&nbsp;Ming-Sen Fan ,&nbsp;Jun-Yi Pan ,&nbsp;Wen-Sheng Li ,&nbsp;Zhi-Lin Cheng ,&nbsp;Jun-Ying Ding ,&nbsp;Jian-Ming Cui ,&nbsp;Zhao-Hui Li ,&nbsp;Yi-Han Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106612","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106612","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Malage skarn-type deposit in the world’s largest Gejiu Sn<strong>-</strong>polymetallic ore field contains ore bodies and associated skarns, which typically occurring near the contact zone between the granitic intrusions and the carbonate host rock. In this study, detailed textural analyses and chemical composition data of garnet, combined with U–Pb geochronology of different garnet generations and cassiterite, have been systematically investigated to constrain the evolution of hydrothermal fluids. Three generations of garnets (Grt I, Grt II, and Grt III) are detected in the deposit based on the petrographic characteristics. The U–Pb ages for Grt I, Grt II and Grt III are 81.8 ± 1.1 Ma, 81.1 ± 1.8 and 80.4 ± 2.0 Ma, while the cassiterite show more precise U–Pb age of 80.3 ± 0.2 Ma and 80.2 ± 0.5 Ma. This chronological coherence indicates these minerals formed during the same magmatic-hydrothermal event. Magnetite and hematite inclusions-bearing Grt I exhibits a right-skewed rare earth element (REE) pattern, with light REE/heavy REE (LREE/HREE) ratios (1.04–468.74) and negative Eu anomalies (0.06–0.26). Grt II shows a similar REE pattern, with high LREE/HREE ratios (1.03–416.99) and negative Eu anomalies (0.02–0.21). Grt III exhibits a relatively flat REE distribution, lower LREE/HREE ratios (0.48–25.96) and negative Eu anomalies (0.01–0.10). From Grt I to Grt III, the fluid with high temperature, oxygen fugacity and low fluid-rock transitioned into a fluid with low-oxygen fugacity and high fluid-rock ratio, thereby cooling the magmatic fluid with low-oxygen fugacity and high water–rock ratio. Futhermore, Sn precipitation occurs due to the early high temperature and oxygen fugacity fluid, and the high Sn content (644–16,920 ppm) in garnet may be associated with magma properties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"181 ","pages":"Article 106612"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143806855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genesis and exploration potential of gold deposits in Archean high-amphibolite facies metamorphic rocks of the Jiaodong Peninsula: Geological and geochemical constraints from the Majiayao gold deposit","authors":"Li-Gong Wang ,&nbsp;Li-Qiang Yang ,&nbsp;Wei Yang ,&nbsp;Yun-Bao Zhi ,&nbsp;Dong Xie ,&nbsp;Bin Sun ,&nbsp;Wen Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiu-Zhang Li ,&nbsp;Ying-Peng Wang ,&nbsp;Jin-Hui Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106596","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106596","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;The Jiaodong Peninsula, China, hosts the giant Jiaodong gold province, containing over 5,800 tonnes of proven gold resources. While 87% of these deposits reside in Mesozoic granites, the remaining 11% occur within Archean metamorphic terranes. Notably, the origin, enrichment processes, and genetic model of the Majiayao gold deposit the largest hosted in Archean metamorphic rocks, remain poorly constrained. This study comprehensively analyzes the deposit geology, fluid inclusions, isotopes, and trace elements of the Majiayao deposit, aiming at clarifying the genesis of the deposit and perfecting the overall genetic model of Jiaodong gold deposits.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;The Majiayao mineralization exhibited a four-stage sequence: (1) milky quartz-sericite, (2) quartz-pyrite, (3) quartz-siderite-polymetallic sulfide, and (4) quartz-carbonate. Detailed petrographic analyses identified three fluid inclusion types: H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O-CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;-NaCl ± CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; (Type I), CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; (Type II), and H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O-NaCl (Type III). Homogenization temperatures of fluid inclusions in the four stages (from early to late) ranged from 198-298 °C, 136–289 °C, 112–264 °C, and 139–179 °C, corresponding to salinities of 3.33–11.05 wt%, 2.77–12.51 wt%, 2.41–12.51 wt%, and 0.18–4.03 wt% NaCl equivalent. These data collectively suggest that the ore-forming fluids belong to a medium-temperature, medium–low salinity H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O-CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;-NaCl ± CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; system, enriched in CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; with minor CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;. This system evolved from medium to medium–low temperatures, shifting from CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;-rich to H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O-rich compositions, and from fluid immiscibility to fluid mixing. LA-ICP-MS analysis of pyrite revealed Au concentrations ranging from 0.008 to 12.909 ppm (median = 0.024 ppm) in Py2 and 0.025 to 2.330 ppm (median = 0.129 ppm) in py3. These results indicated extremely low invisible gold content associated with brittle deformation. The key mechanisms for gold mineralization were inferred to be sulfidation, characterized by the saturation and precipitation of abundant low-As pyrite and other sulfide minerals, alongside fluid phase separation.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Lead isotope compositions (&lt;sup&gt;206&lt;/sup&gt;Pb/&lt;sup&gt;204&lt;/sup&gt;Pb = 16.451–16.674, &lt;sup&gt;207&lt;/sup&gt;Pb/&lt;sup&gt;204&lt;/sup&gt;Pb = 15.211–15.353, &lt;sup&gt;208&lt;/sup&gt;Pb/&lt;sup&gt;204&lt;/sup&gt;Pb = 36.979–37.803) indicated that ore-forming materials likely originated from the lower crust. Compared to typical Jiaodong-type gold deposits, the Majiayao deposit exhibited similar fluid inclusion characteristics and H-O-S isotopic signatures, but with slightly lower mineralization temperatures, a narrower range of δ&lt;sup&gt;18&lt;/sup&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;H2O&lt;/sub&gt; values, and distinct lead isotope compositions. Compared to the depth of 5–9 km in Zhaoyuan-Laizhou gold belt, the Majiayao deposit displays a comparatively shallow estimated mineralization depth of 3.3–6.0 km, suggesting that the deep part of this region still has significant explor","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"181 ","pages":"Article 106596"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143792500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detecting mineralization via white mica spectral footprints: From field-based sampling to satellite hyperspectral remote sensing","authors":"Changjiang Yuan ,&nbsp;Jie Zhao ,&nbsp;Zhibo Liu ,&nbsp;Xuefei Liu ,&nbsp;Jie Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106588","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106588","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The utilization of shortwave infrared (SWIR) spectroscopy serves as a potent technique in mineral identification and hydrothermal alteration mapping, and spectral characteristics of some altered minerals have been indicators for targeting porphyry-epithermal deposits. Its application relies on acquiring ground/lab spectral data from surface and/or drill hole samples, with potential satellite remote sensing applications remaining more effort. In this study, the Duolong mineral district served as the test area for alteration mapping, spectral characterization, and mineral exploration. A spectral feature parameterization method and an exploration indication model were proposed based on the SWIR spectra and Gaofen-5 (GF-5) hyperspectral images. The results showed that the hydrothermally altered minerals in the Duolong mineral district are mainly composed of white mica, kaolinite, and chlorite, with minor amounts of sulphate and carbonate. The minerals exhibited characteristic alteration zoning patterns commonly observed in porphyry Cu systems, and there is a clear overlap between the zones. SWIR analysis conducted in the Gaerqin deposit, specifically revealed the spatial variation of both the position (Pos2200) and depth (Dep2200) of the Al-OH absorption feature in white mica surrounding the granodiorite porphyry. That is, the shorter Pos2200 (&lt; 2203 nm) and higher Dep2200 (&gt; 0.32) of white mica in the surface ring zone, the closer to the center. Meanwhile, the support vector regression (SVR) method was used to construct a deposit-scale spectral feature-based exploration indication model for white mica, incorporating the Pos2200 and Dep2200 parameters. Based on the spatial distribution of white mica derived from GF-5 imagery, this model facilitated the prediction of potential hydrothermal and/or mineralization centers, showing good correspondence with the known locations of magmatic rocks and ore deposits in the Duolong mineral district. This study demonstrates that integrating satellite remote sensing and mineral spectral measurement not only reveals the significance of white mica spectral footprints but also enhances the accuracy and convenience of remote sensing mineral exploration prospecting, thereby providing novel insights for future mineral exploration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"181 ","pages":"Article 106588"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143799945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mississippi valley-type Pb–Zn deposits formed by episodic fluid migration in the fold-and-thrust belts of the Tibetan Plateau","authors":"Chang Liu,&nbsp;Jinbao Su","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106597","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106597","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mississippi Valley-type (MVT) Pb–Zn deposits are typically found in the foreland basins and fold-and-thrust belts of orogens, and they form under low–moderate temperatures and high salinities. Deposits in thrust belts typically form in folded strata during strike–slip or extensional stages following early collision, indicating different hydrologic and tectonic controls from deposits in foreland basins. On the basis of the Tanggula thrust belt and the Duocaima deposit, we established a 2D simplified model and employed the finite element method (FEM) to investigate how topographic gradient and faults control fluid migration and temperature changes. We further discuss the implication and prediction of simulation results for MVT mineralization in thrust belts, such as the duration of mineralization, the source–transport–convergence processes of ore-forming fluid, and the factors controlling the metallogenic location and scale. The results indicate that the fluid that migrates from the orogen toward the basin is driven by topographic gradient. Throughout this process, the fluid migrates along the detachment fault and central faults to the surface. The fluid does not stabilize in the central belt but migrates toward the front belt. When the ore-forming fluid reaches the front belt, it ascends rapidly along faults, enters the shallow structure and mineralizes. The temperature variations at the monitoring points indicate episodic upwelling of the fluid. The simulated temperatures correspond to the metallogenetic temperatures. Assuming that structural conditions remain constant, mineralization may be completed within 240–550 kyr, and the calculated fluid volumes are 1.4 × 10⁶–2.8 × 10⁶ m³. High-permeability faults gather high-temperature and high-velocity fluid, acting as conduits that provide the necessary heat and flow for mineralization, thus limiting the metallogenic range and time of MVT deposits. This simulation study provides a good indication for the prediction of the distribution and scale of mineralization of MVT deposits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"181 ","pages":"Article 106597"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143800446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molybdenite Re-Os geochronology, pyrite in-situ trace element and sulfur isotope analysis of the Haigou gold deposit, Northeast China: Implications for the genesis of an intrusion-related lode gold deposit","authors":"Chenghao Ren ,&nbsp;Lujun Lin ,&nbsp;Hongxiang Jia ,&nbsp;Hui Chen ,&nbsp;Zhenshan Pang ,&nbsp;Yi Cao ,&nbsp;Yanwen Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106592","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106592","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Haigou gold deposit (&gt;40 tons Au), situated in eastern Jilin Province within the northeastern segment of the North China Craton (NCC), is one of the largest gold deposits in Northeast China. Hosted within a Paleozoic granitoid stock, the deposit undergoes four successive hydrothermal stages: (1) the pre-ore quartz-K-feldspar stage, (2) the early <em>syn</em>-ore quartz-pyrite stage, (3) the late <em>syn</em>-ore quartz-polymetallic sulfide-gold stage (the main ore-forming stage), and (4) the post-ore carbonate-quartz stage. To constrain the genesis of gold mineralization at Haigou, we conducted molybdenite Re-Os dating and in situ trace element and sulfur isotope analyses using laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). Three generations of pyrite are identified based on their textural and geochemical characteristics. Py1 (Stage I) occurs as euhedral grains with low trace element concentrations. Py2 (Stage II) displays dissolution textures and fragmented grains with distinct Co and Ni zoning patterns. Py3 (Stage III), co-precipitated with galena, chalcopyrite, and visible gold, is enriched in Au, Ag, Cu, Pb and Te, indicating crystallization from a metal-rich ore fluid. The geochemical trends observed provide valuable insights into the oxygen fugacity (<em>f</em>_O2) changes that controlled metal precipitation and pyrite formation throughout the evolution of the Haigou deposit. Sulfur isotope analyses show that the three pyrite generations have δ³⁴S values varying between <strong>−</strong>13.32 ‰ and 0.86 ‰, suggesting a primarily magmatic sulfur source with possible modification in an oxidizing environment. Combined LA-ICP-MS trace element data and sulfur isotope signatures indicate that the Haigou granitoid stock was the primary source of gold in the hydrothermal system. A molybdenite Re-Os age of 309.5 ± 4.1 Ma (weighted mean) constrains gold mineralization to late Paleozoic magmatism, coinciding with the subduction of the Paleo-Asian Ocean beneath the North China Block. Integrating geological, geochemical, and geochronological evidence, we classify the Haigou deposit as an intrusion-related lode gold system, representing a significant episode of late Paleozoic gold mineralization along the eastern margin of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB) and NCC.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"181 ","pages":"Article 106592"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143792502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A DFT study on mechanisms of indium absorption in sphalerite (100), (110), and (111) surfaces: Implications for critical metal mineralization","authors":"Fan Xiao ,&nbsp;Zongcong He ,&nbsp;Yi Zheng ,&nbsp;Suofei Xiong ,&nbsp;Qiuming Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106572","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106572","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As an important critical metal, indium (In) enters sphalerite through isomorphous substitution of Zn. Regarding crystallography and chemical kinetics, In adsorption in sphalerite surfaces is a key factor controlling its occurrence in sphalerite, because this is a prerequisite for triggering the substitution process. Nevertheless, mechanisms of In absorption in sphalerite surfaces remain ambiguous, which hinders our understanding of the physicochemical conditions for forming In-bearing sphalerite. Thus, we employed the first-principles calculations method based on density functional theory to investigate the structural characteristics of the three primary sphalerite surfaces, namely (100), (110), and (111), under In adsorption. As an illustrating purpose, we addressed the substitution process of In³⁺ + Cu⁺ → 2Zn²⁺, one of the most common and important substitution mechanisms for forming In-bearing sphalerite in natural mineralization. We calculated the adsorption energy and electronic structure of In³⁺ and In³⁺–Cu⁺ adsorption in the sphalerite (100), (110), and (111) surfaces, respectively. The results suggest that the (111) surface is notably the most conducive to In entering sphalerite, attributed to the low adsorption energy for both In³⁺ and In³⁺–Cu⁺ onto it. Cu⁺ enhances In³⁺ adsorption in the sphalerite surfaces due to it significantly reduces the adsorption energy. The considerable differences in the electronic structures of the three sphalerite surfaces restrict the charge transfer between In³⁺ and other atoms present, ultimately controlling their In adsorption behaviors. This analysis sheds light on the variations in the In³⁺ adsorption processes on the sphalerite (100), (110), and (111) surfaces at an atomic level. It offers a deep understanding of the mechanisms driving the formation of In-bearing sphalerite, especially in the context of critical metal mineralization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"181 ","pages":"Article 106572"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143792501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}