Ore Geology Reviews最新文献

{"title":"New data on the geology and geochronology of the Sarsuk deposit, a Au–bearing VMS deposit in the Ashele Basin, Altay Orogenic Belt, Xinjiang, Northwest China","authors":"Zhenlong Zhang ,&nbsp;Xinxia Geng ,&nbsp;Chengdong Yang ,&nbsp;Chengwen Li ,&nbsp;Ning Li ,&nbsp;Fuquan Yang ,&nbsp;Dongming Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106700","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106700","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Sarsuk polymetallic gold deposit, located in the Ashele Basin of the Chinese Altay Orogenic Belt in the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB), Xinjiang, China, is a gold–bearing volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) deposit. This deposit primarily consists of veins within the rhyolitic porphyry and tuff of the Ashele Formation, with a minor occurrence of stratiform mineralization within the tuff. Chronometric studies of ores at various depths and volcanic rocks in the deposit, suggest that the vein mineralization hosted in the upper rhyolitic porphyry is dated at 383–386 Ma, whereas vein mineralization within the tuff is dated at 387–388 Ma. The veins in the rhyolitic porphyry formed slightly later than the veins that mineralized in the tuff. Additionally, LA–ICP–MS dating of zircons indicates that the basalts of the Ashele Formation formed at 405.7 ± 4.8 Ma, with andesites forming at 403.4 ± 8 Ma, and SHRIMP U–Pb dating reveals that basaltic andesites were formed at 397.5 ± 4.1 Ma. Integrating these findings with those of previous studies indicates that the Sarsuk deposit is a complex VMS deposit that is closely related to regional volcanic activity. The ore-forming processes are divided into an exhalative-sedimentary period, corresponding to mineralization within the volcanic rocks of the Ashele Formation, and a subvolcanic hydrothermal period, associated with the rhyolitic porphyry. The two periods of mineralization are products of the same VMS mineralization system. The Sarsuk polymetallic gold deposit is a product of the main mineralization period of the Altay VMS deposits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"183 ","pages":"Article 106700"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144147279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quartz textures and compositions of the Axi epithermal gold deposit, Xinjiang, NW China: Implications for coprecipitation mechanism of silica and metals","authors":"Ling Li ,&nbsp;Xuexiang Gu ,&nbsp;Yongmei Zhang ,&nbsp;Yiwei Peng ,&nbsp;Shiyue Yao","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106680","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106680","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The textural characteristics of quartz are crucial for understanding the evolution of ore-forming fluids and the mechanisms of mineral precipitation, as they can record hydrothermal physicochemical conditions. The Axi deposit is one of the largest low-sulfidation epithermal gold deposits in the Western Tianshan, Xinjiang, where four ore-forming stages with various quartz textures developed, but the coprecipitation mechanism between quartz and metals remains enigmatic. In this contribution, scanning electron microscope cathodoluminescence (SEM-CL) and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) were conducted to study the formation process of these textures and their composition variations. Four generations of quartz were identified: (1) spheroidal, colloform SiO₂ (Qz_1s), and crustiform quartz (Qz_1c) exhibiting oscillatory CL intensity accompanied by bladed ankerite and electrum; (2) cryptocrystalline/mosaic quartz (Qz₂) with dark CL; (3) microcrystalline quartz (Qz₃) coprecipitated with abundant ankerites and sulfides displaying relatively bright CL; (4) euhedral comb/zonal quartz (Qz₄). Integrated studies suggests that the development of these textures is a record of fluctuations in the fluid boiling degree. The coprecipitation of metals and colloidal silica within stages I and III indicates that metal nanoparticles could be mechanically transported with the protection of colloidal silica in hydrothermal solution. Boiling-induced turbulence could enhance the collision and aggregation of colloidal particles, which might be the principal mechanism leading to mineral precipitation. Simultaneously, quartz composition reveals that ore precipitation is always accompanied by a considerable reduction in Al content, which could be ascribed to the fluid degassing-induced escape of acid volatiles (e.g., CO₂, H₂S) and the precipitation of carbonate minerals, thereby leading to an increase in fluid pH. The Al content in the four generations of quartz exhibited a pattern of initial increase followed by a subsequent decrease, represents a multi-stage injection pattern of hydrothermal fluids. In consequence, the variation of Al content quartz might be the fingerprint parameter contributing to the ore precipitation process in the epithermal deposit.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"183 ","pages":"Article 106680"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144177803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Formation of deep brine in the Qaidam Basin, north Qinghai-Xizang Plateau: Constraints from Ca isotopes and geochemistry","authors":"Li Jun ,&nbsp;Zhang Xiying ,&nbsp;Meng Fanwei ,&nbsp;Zhou Lian ,&nbsp;Yuan Xiaolong ,&nbsp;Miao Weiliang ,&nbsp;Yuan Wenhu","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106676","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106676","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ca-rich deep brines in Qaidam Basin (QB) are an important source of lithium, potassium and rubidium. But the initial source of water and mecahnisms of geochemical evolution through interaction with rock hydrothermal systems is still unclear. Ca²⁺ is the dominant elements in deep brines, the sources and enrichment processes are crucial for the correct interpretation of the formation mechanism of deep brines. This brine is an ideal carrier for researching the fractionation mechanism and tracing significance of Ca isotopes in high-salinity deep groundwater, and it is expected to expand the application of Ca isotopes. Ca isotopes and hydrochemistry were studied in deep paleo-brine from the Yahu, Jianshishan, Jianshan, Eboliang and Lenghu anticlinal structures of the Yiliping and Lenghu areas in the middle and north parts of QB respectively. The values of soluble-phase <em>δ</em>^44/40Ca in nine deep brines ranged from 0.59 ‰ to 0.86 ‰, with an average 0.71 ‰. Values of insoluble-phase <em>δ</em>^44/40Ca in six deep brines were 0.80 ‰, and were consistently higher than those of the soluble phase in the same sample because light Ca isotopes diffuse more easily compared to heavy Ca isotope. <em>δ</em>^44/40Ca values of deep brine are lower than those of salt lake water and inter-brine, but close to those of volcanic rocks, carbonates and precipitation. These results indicate that the deep water with significant Ca-enrichment is associated with local hydrothermal activity, including dolomitization and partial calcite dissolution, and the initial water mainly originates from atmospheric precipitation. Hydrochemical analysis shows that leaching evaporite and evaporation process still play a key role in the formation of deep brine. In this study, it is the first time that the <em>δ</em>^44/40Ca data of deep brine in the QB have been reported. It appears that <em>δ</em>^44/40Ca is a good tracer for determining the deep brine origin and the key controlling factors in Ca accumulation processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"183 ","pages":"Article 106676"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144105271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In-situ trace element and sulfur isotope analyses of sulfides as indicators of ore-forming fluid evolution in the Lakang’e porphyry Mo-Cu deposit, Tibet, China","authors":"Jing Qi ,&nbsp;Guoxiang Chi ,&nbsp;Juxing Tang ,&nbsp;Yumeng Wang ,&nbsp;Pan Tang ,&nbsp;Mengdie Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106690","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106690","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;The Lakang’e Mo-Cu deposit is a Mo-dominated porphyry deposit located in the Gangdese metallogenic belt of southern Tibet, which is known for Cu-dominated porphyry deposits such as Jiama and Qulong. The magmatic-hydrothermal evolution responsible for the development of ore-forming fluids in this deposit has not been systematically examined, thus limiting our understanding of the genetic link between Cu and Mo mineralization throughout the metallogenic belt. This study addresses this problem through in-situ analysis of S isotopes and trace elements of pyrite, chalcopyrite and molybdenite from hydrothermal veins of different stages (A, B1, B2, D), which reflect the evolution of the hydrothermal system in terms of S source and temperature, pH and redox condition. The overall range of δ&lt;sup&gt;34&lt;/sup&gt;S&lt;sub&gt;CDT&lt;/sub&gt; values (–7.68 ‰ to +0.75 ‰) of the sulfides and the lack of systematic variation from one stage to another are consistent with a common magmatic source for the sulfur. The decrease of Co/Ni ratios in pyrite from A and B1 to B2 and D veins indicates an overall cooling trend. The elevated As concentrations in sulfides and the lack of calcite in A and B1 veins versus the relatively low As in sulfides and presence of calcite in the D and B2 veins suggest that the fluids became less acidic from early to late stages. The relatively elevated Te concentration in pyrite in B1 and B2 veins compared to those in A and D veins suggests that B1 and B2 veins formed under relatively reducing conditions, whereas A and D veins formed under relatively oxidizing conditions. The consumption of Fe&lt;sup&gt;3+&lt;/sup&gt; due to precipitation of large amounts of magnetite in A vein may be responsible for the decrease in &lt;em&gt;f&lt;/em&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;, which induced significant Mo mineralization in B1 veins. As the hydrothermal system continued to evolve with decreasing temperature and increasing influx of meteoric water, the &lt;em&gt;f&lt;/em&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; increased again, which promoted the precipitation of pyrite-chalcopyrite instead of molybdenite in the D veins. At last, another phase of distinct Mo mineralization may have been triggered by the release of residual metalliferous fluids from a dormant magma chamber due to tectonic reactivation, subsequently migrating upward and forming the B2 veins. Our study highlights the dynamic evolution of magmatic-hydrothermal fluids during the formation of the Lakang’e Mo–Cu deposit and demonstrates that fluid temperature, oxygen fugacity (&lt;em&gt;f&lt;/em&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;), and the involvement of meteoric water were the primary controls on mineralization. Molybdenite precipitation in the B1 and B2 veins was driven by decreasing temperature and &lt;em&gt;f&lt;/em&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;, whereas chalcopyrite precipitation in the D vein was triggered by fluid cooling due to mixing with meteoric water. Such dynamic magmatic-hydrothermal processes may have also operated in other Cu-Mo deposits within the Gangdese metallogenic belt, implying that separate episodes of M","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"183 ","pages":"Article 106690"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144147280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New precipitation mechanism in the Permian manganese ore belt in the central south China block: a case study of the Dongxiangqiao manganese deposit","authors":"Zhaozhao Tan ,&nbsp;Junwei Xu ,&nbsp;Fengchu Liao ,&nbsp;Yizhou Luo ,&nbsp;Suxin Li ,&nbsp;Hantao Wei ,&nbsp;Juan Liao ,&nbsp;HaiFeng Fan","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106693","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106693","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Qiling Basin in southern Hunan hosts widely developed Permian marine sedimentary manganese (Mn) deposits, but their genesis or metallogenic mechanism remain poorly understood. This study investigates one core from the Dongxiangqiao Mn deposit using mineralogical, major and trace element, carbon isotopes, and Sr isotopes to elucidate the metallogenic process. The Mn-rich rocks exhibit high Mn/Fe ratios and low Al and Ti contents, and contain typical hydrothermal minerals (e.g., halcopyrite, galena, sphalerite, barite, and nickel–cobalt sulfides), with geochemical data suggesting a primary origin of metallogenic fluids from subaqueous volcanic-related hydrothermal activities. The ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios of the Mn-rich rocks are generally lower than those of the host rocks, with some samples slightly lower than Guadalupian seawater but comparable to values associated with early stage Emeishan Large Igneous Province subaqueous volcanism, indicating contributions from both Mn-rich hydrothermal fluids and Permian seawater. This interpretation is further supported by the negative correlation between the ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios and MnO content. Additionally, the δ¹³C_carb values of the Mn carbonate (–0.14 ‰) are slightly lower than those of contemporaneous seawater (1.61 ‰, from host rocks), suggesting a mixed carbon source from seawater and hydrothermal inorganic carbon, consistent with direct precipitation of hydrothermal Mn in anoxic bottom waters. Redox conditions evolved from sub-oxidized during the Xiaojiangbian Formation to sub-reduced and an anoxic sulfidic environment during the Gufeng Formation, playing a critical role in ore formation. Mn carbonates show dissolution structures with calcite cores, which is key evidence that Mn carbonates precipitated directly from calcite nucleation sites. When calcite is introduced into metal-rich hydrothermal waters, it dissolves, increasing the water’s alkalinity and providing nucleation sites for Mn carbonate precipitation. Simultaneously, the reduction of Mn oxides and sulfates in the anoxic water significantly increases Mn carbonate saturation, driving extensive Mn carbonate precipitation and ore formation. This study provides new insights into the genetic mechanism of marine sedimentary Mn deposits and highlights the critical role of hydrothermal and redox processes in ore formation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"183 ","pages":"Article 106693"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144105226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Controlling factors for Co enrichment in mineral deposits: Insights from magnetite trace element big data","authors":"Jun-Wu Zhang ,&nbsp;Lin Li ,&nbsp;Fang-Yue Wang ,&nbsp;Si-Da Niu ,&nbsp;Ju-Quan Zhang ,&nbsp;Xian Liang","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106694","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106694","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Magnetite is a common mineral in mineral deposits and plays a crucial role in genetic interpretations. However, cobalt (Co) enrichment in magnetite and its effect on the distribution of Co between magnetite and sulfide in mineral deposits are still poorly understood. This study compiles a dataset of 9,218 trace element analyses of magnetite from 166 deposits worldwide. Using statistical analysis and machine learning-based feature importance evaluations, we investigate the controlling factors of Co content in magnetite across various deposit types. The results reveal a significant impact of magnetite on the economic Co resources within the deposits. The correlation analysis between Co and other elements in magnetite supports the conclusion that higher Co concentrations in magma and fluids, elevated temperatures, and lower oxygen fugacity are favorable conditions for the formation of Co-rich magnetite. Feature importance evaluations of Light Gradient Boosting Machine models were employed to identify the primary factors controlling Co enrichment in magnetite across porphyry, iron oxide-apatite, iron oxide-copper–gold, magmatic Ni-Cu sulfide, skarn, and banded iron formation deposits. These models exhibit strong performance in classifying Co content in magnetite across various deposit types, achieving accuracies of 0.91–0.94 and minimum area under the curve exceeding 0.969. The evaluations identify the composition of the magma and fluid as the primary controlling factors for Co content in magnetite, followed by temperature and oxygen fugacity. In addition, considering skarn and porphyry deposits as examples, skarn Fe and Cu deposits typically contain higher Co content in magnetite compared to skarn W, Sn, Pb, and Zn deposits. Similarly, porphyry Cu and Au deposits generally show higher Co content in magnetite than porphyry Pb and Zn deposits. These observations suggest that variations in the initial compositions of magmatic-hydrothermal systems exert a significant influence on Co enrichment in mineral deposits. Moreover, the extensive crystallization of magnetite at higher temperatures, which precedes the formation of sulfides, tends to reduce the amount of Co available for incorporation into the sulfide phase. This study underscores the importance of considering the distribution between magnetite and sulfides when evaluating Co resources in magnetite-bearing deposits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"183 ","pages":"Article 106694"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144117071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Apatite and garnet geochronological and geochemical constraints on the properties and evolution of the Tielukan Cu polymetallic deposit, Jiangxi Province","authors":"Hai Wang ,&nbsp;Ying Wang ,&nbsp;Hairui Sun ,&nbsp;Haiping Fu ,&nbsp;Daoshui Feng ,&nbsp;Lin Xu ,&nbsp;Qingfei Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106677","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106677","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>During the forming process of magmatic rocks and related skarns, apatite and garnet typically accommodate various trace elements, whose variation could be utilized to monitor the ore-forming conditions within the magmatic-hydrothermal system. Situated in the Jiurui district, which lies along the Middle-Lower Yangtze River Metallogenic Belt (MLYRMB), the Tielukan copper polymetallic deposit represents a newly identified large-scale skarn deposit. Nevertheless, the age and the process of ore formation have not been well defined. In this study, analyses using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Electron Probe X-ray Micro-Analyzer (EPMA), and Laser Ablation inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) were conducted to investigate the textures, geochemistry, and ages of apatite and garnet from the Tielukan deposit, aiming to illustrate its formation mechanism. Garnet in the Tielukan deposit is classified into two generations, including anhedral Grt-Ⅰ and euhedral Grt-Ⅱ. U-Pb isotope dating using LA-ICP-MS reveals that apatite, Grt-Ⅰ, and Grt-Ⅱ were formed at 145 Ma, 140 Ma, and 141 Ma, respectively. These ages are in alignment, suggesting a genetic link between the skarn formation and granodiorite. The geochemistry shows that granodiorite is adakitic and the primitive magma had high F content and elevated ƒO_2, sourced from the interaction between enriched lithospheric mantle and thickened lower crust. The normalized REE pattern of garnet indicates that the fluid system evolved from the closed state to an open state, resulting elevation of acidity and salinity, reduction of ƒO₂ and precipitation of ore-forming materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"183 ","pages":"Article 106677"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144134840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ore-prospecting breakthrough and research advances on the fully concealed super-large Shuiyindong Carlin-type gold deposit in Guizhou Province, China","authors":"Songtao Li ,&nbsp;Chengfu Yang ,&nbsp;Zhuojun Xie ,&nbsp;Qinping Tan ,&nbsp;Zepeng Wang ,&nbsp;Faen Chen ,&nbsp;Xiaoye Jin ,&nbsp;Junhai Li ,&nbsp;Liangyi Xu ,&nbsp;Daiwei Tan ,&nbsp;Wei Gao ,&nbsp;Wenxing Tai ,&nbsp;Jianzhong Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106674","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106674","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Shuiyindong gold deposit (SGD) is the tenth largest Carlin-type gold deposit (CTGD) globally and the largest in Asia, which has undergone over 40 years of gold prospecting and exploration and more than 10 years of gold exploitation and utilization. However, the metallogenesis of the SGD remains controversial. Herein, we systematically reviewed the gold prospecting process and comprehensively analyzed the available research data on the SGD. The results demonstrate that (1) the SGD is a fully concealed super-large gold deposit with cumulative proven gold reserves of 308 t and orebody burial depths of 150–1,400 m, (2) the tectono-geochemical weak information extraction method can effectively reveal deep mineralization signatures and promote the discovery of deep orebodies, (3) the invisible gold in pyrite primarily occurs as lattice gold, (4) the chronological data of the SGD are primarily concentrated in 230–200 and 150–130 Ma and the gold mineralization may have been formed in the Early Cretaceous, and (5) the sources of ore-forming fluids and materials of the SGD are multi-source and related to magmatic hydrothermalism. Based on these findings, this study proposes a magmatism-driven metallogenic model for the SGD, providing a theoretical basis for further research and deep ore-prospecting of CTGDs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"183 ","pages":"Article 106674"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144105272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mineral prospectivity mapping of orogenic gold deposits using a mineral systems approach in the Huangling region, western Hubei","authors":"Huimin Wang ,&nbsp;Qinglin Xia ,&nbsp;Zhou Zhou ,&nbsp;Li Lei ,&nbsp;Yaqi Meng ,&nbsp;Changliang Chen ,&nbsp;Yin Gong ,&nbsp;Peng Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106681","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106681","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Huangling region hosts the only documented Precambrian gold metallogenic event within the Yangtze craton. However, dense vegetation significantly hinders direct-detection exploration techniques, necessitating a predictive targeting approach. This study proposes a mineral systems model for the gold deposits in the Huangling region, comprising four key components: geodynamics, fertility, architecture, and preservation. Geological, geophysical, and geochemical proxies corresponding to these components were identified. Regional tectonics associated with collisional processes are crucial geodynamic factors, elucidated through geomagnetic data analysis. Mantle-derived materials, consistent with the prevalence of mafic dykes, are considered the primary gold source, with coeval mafic dykes serving as a spatial proxy for architecture. Mineralization is structurally controlled by secondary NW- to NNW-trending faults, interpreted as fluid conduits and employed as a spatial proxy for architecture. While deposit preservation is reflected in post-formation geochemical signatures, the transported nature of stream sediment geochemical anomalies presents interpretational challenges. To address this challenge, the weighted drainage catchment basin method was implemented to refine anomaly patterns. For predictive modeling, both random forests (RF) and convolutional neural networks (CNN) were employed to integrate the four spatial proxies. The CNN model demonstrated superior performance, achieving an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.855, marginally outperforming the RF model (AUC = 0.797). Analysis of the success rate curve further revealed that the CNN model successfully predicted all known mineral occurrences within the top 50 % of the highest-probability zones. The application of deep learning methodologies exhibited remarkable efficacy in forecasting orogenic gold deposits. CNN-based mapping identified NW- to NNW-trending high-mineralization zones, which align with the known spatial distribution of gold deposits in the region. These results not only validate the model but also suggest promising exploration targets in adjacent and deeper areas. The majority of known deposits are situated within zones exceeding 80 % probability, while the model also identifies previously unexplored high-probability areas. These findings underscore the mineral systems approach as a robust and effective tool for prospectivity mapping of orogenic gold deposits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"183 ","pages":"Article 106681"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144105230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of gold precipitation processes between disseminated and quartz vein ores of orogenic gold deposits: insights from the Linglong gold field, Jiaodong Peninsula, China","authors":"Xian-Fa Xue ,&nbsp;Yue-Chuan Feng ,&nbsp;Murat Taner Tamer ,&nbsp;Tao Liu ,&nbsp;Kang Li ,&nbsp;Jia-Dong Ma ,&nbsp;Jia-Hui Zhou ,&nbsp;Hao-Cheng Yu ,&nbsp;Zheng-Jiang Ding","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106639","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106639","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The presence of disseminated ores and quartz vein ores in orogenic gold deposits, has given rise to an ongoing discourse surrounding the mechanisms of gold precipitation. This study employs trace element analysis and sulfur isotope analysis of pyrite in the orogenic Linglong gold field to comparatively assess the gold precipitation processes. Pyrite in disseminated ores (Pyd) is classified into Pyd1 and Pyd2, with gold primarily hosted in Pyd2, followed by Pyd1. In the context of quartz vein ores (Pyv), pyrite is subdivided into Pyv1, Pyv2, and Pyv3, with gold predominantly hosted in Pyv3. In the context of disseminated ores, the Au and As content is below the solid solubility limit of Au in pyrite, thereby suggesting that gold primarily exists as a solid solution (Au¹⁺). The lg (Co)/lg (Ni) ratios in Pyd are −0.11 ± 1.23, predominantly below 1, suggesting water–rock interactions. The significantly lower ratios observed in Pyd2 (−0.26 ± 1.21) suggest intense water–rock interaction. The Ag/Co ratios in Pyd1 and Pyd2 are 0.074 and 23.65, with relative standard deviations (RSD) of 31.57 and 25.91, respectively, indicating weak fluid boiling. Furthermore, the sulfur isotope values (medians of 5.51 ‰ ± 0.81 ‰) indicate stable oxygen fugacity in disseminated ores. The presence of visible gold in the quartz veins ores of Pyv2 and Pyv3, in contrast to the low gold content observed in the pyrite (median value of 0.03 ppm), further substantiates these observations. The lg (Co)/lg (Ni) ratio for Pyv is 0.98 ± 2.04, which is close to 1, indicating weak water–rock reactions. The Ag/Co ratios in Pyv1, Pyv2, and Pyv3 are 0.0008, 0.009, and 0.09, with RSD values of 10.5, 63.55, and 89.86, respectively. The values of Pyv2 and Pyv3 are significantly higher than those in Pyv, indicating fluid boiling. Furthermore, a decline in sulfur isotope values from 7.6 ‰ ± 0.2 ‰ in Pyv1 to 5.0 ‰ ± 1.2 ‰ in Pyv3 is indicative of an increase in oxygen fugacity. The analysis of pyrite indicates that gold precipitation in disseminated ore is predominantly attributable to water–rock reactions. In contrast, precipitation in quartz vein ores is primarily driven by fluid boiling, which is concomitant with elevated oxygen fugacity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"183 ","pages":"Article 106639"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144177735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}