Ore Geology Reviews最新文献

{"title":"The Lengshuikeng porphyry type Ag-Pb-Zn-Cd deposit: Insights from magmatism-mineralization timing sequence, chemical composition and in-situ Pb isotope of sulfide","authors":"Lifei Yang ,&nbsp;Zherong Liu ,&nbsp;Zenghua Li ,&nbsp;Yongpeng Ouyang ,&nbsp;Qi Chen ,&nbsp;Bin Du ,&nbsp;Rubin Zhang ,&nbsp;Huijuan Zhang ,&nbsp;Chaowei Luo ,&nbsp;Jin Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106460","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106460","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Lengshuikeng deposit is a significant Ag-Pb-Zn-Cd deposits in the Gan-Hang Tectonic Belt (GHTB). Understanding its genesis is crucial for revealing the relationship between the tectonic evolution and the mineralization in this region. However, the metallogenesis of the Lengshuikeng deposit has remained unclear. To address this issue, a systematic analysis of chronological data, mineralogy, lithology, chemistry of sphalerite, and in-situ Pb isotope of the sulfides from the Lengshuikeng deposit are conducted to explore the relationship between magmatism and mineralization, metal sources, and ore-forming feature. The magmatism consists of two major stages: the Late Jurassic (Daguding Formation and a large scale of granite porphyry) and the Early Cretaceous (E’huling Formation and minor acid dyke). The mineralization age is restricted near 155 Ma, which is in keeping with the granite porphyry (158.0 ± 1.0–154.3 ± 3.0 Ma). The sulfides in the major stage (Gn-Sp(−Aca)-Py) (²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb: 38.07–38.44, ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb: 15.48–15.62, ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb: 17.68–17.90, ²³⁸U/²⁰⁴Pb (μ): 9.32–9.58, ²³²U/²⁰⁴Pb (ω): 38.06–40.16) exhibit consistent Pb isotopes with most of the granite porphyry and minor crystal tuff, which indicates that the metals primarily came from the granite porphyry. The crystal temperature of sphalerite is focused on 300–350°C. In consideration of C, H, and O isotopes in previous works, the hydrothermal fluid was primarily derived from the granite porphyry at a high temperature stage. Combined with the trace elements of sphalerite (relatively high Cu, Fe, In, Cd, low Ge and Mn) and the genesis diagrams (based on In, Ga, Ge, Fe, Cd, and Mn), this deposit is classified as a porphyry type deposit. Geochemical data, Nd isotopes in previous works and in-situ Pb isotopes (△β-△γ; V₁-V₂) from this research suggest that the granite porphyry and crystal tuff mainly emplaced by partial melting of the Neoproterozoic basement in compressive setting at the GHTB, resulting from the subduction of the Pacific Plate to the South China Craton. A comprehensive metallogenic model is defined, involving the tectonic setting, the genesis of granite porphyry, ore-controlling factors, and the mineralization process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"177 ","pages":"Article 106460"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143149685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reply to Comment on “Baddeleyite U-Pb age and Hf isotopes, and constraints on genesis of the Panzhihua carbonatite in SW China” by Arndt, Ganino and Li","authors":"Shengwei Wang ,&nbsp;Xiaoming Sun ,&nbsp;Yanguang Li ,&nbsp;Li Xu ,&nbsp;Yu Fu ,&nbsp;Cong Feng ,&nbsp;Guodong Xu ,&nbsp;Zhizhong Hu ,&nbsp;Guotao Ma ,&nbsp;Shenglin Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2024.106428","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2024.106428","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The calcareous rocks adjacent to the Panzhihua intrusion were considered as carbonatite rather than marbles/skarns based on detailed field mapping and profile survey. <span><span>Arndt et al. (2023)</span></span> presented data and figures to compare the difference of trace elements of carbonatite between Panzhihua (they called “dolomite” or “marble”) and other areas in the world and maintained their genesis interpretation. However, carbonatite and carbonate can’t be well distinguished by the trace elements and Hf isotope, because that only approximately 20 % occurrences of global carbonatites contain high contents of rare earth elements. The mineral composition, major element, Ni (avg. 1011.91 ppm), Cr (avg. 1762.73 ppm), and ∑PGE (avg. 12.95 ppm) contents of the dark ultramafic enclaves hosted in the white calcareous rocks indicate that they are mantle-derived xenoliths rather than dolerite (or gabbro and diabase) or metamorphosed peridotite. The large number of mantle xenoliths also implies that their surrounding rock is more likely to be mantle-derived magmatic rock (i.e. carbonatite) rather than skarn. Furthermore, from melanocratic xenolith core and leucocratic surrounding carbonatite to middle zebra rocks, only physical rather than chemical change (i.e. contact metamorphism) happened due to without obvious mineral composition variation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"177 ","pages":"Article 106428"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143148342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The origin of lithium in hydrothermally overprinted Li-rich strata in the Mesoproterozoic Wumishan Formation: Insights from radiogenic and stable isotopes","authors":"Fei Xu ,&nbsp;Hanjie Wen ,&nbsp;Hefan Liu ,&nbsp;Ni Tao ,&nbsp;Yu Chen ,&nbsp;Jianghao Yan ,&nbsp;Baoqiang Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106448","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106448","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Significant lithium (Li) enrichment has been observed in specific strata of the Mesoproterozoic Wumishan Formation in North China, yet the mechanisms and origins of this enrichment remain contentious. Our previous mineralogical microscopic studies suggested that post-depositional hydrothermal fluids are crucial for Li enrichment; however, a lack of macroscale geological evidence, such as metasomatic textures, necessitating further isotopic investigation. This study compares the geochemical characteristics of Li-rich and Li-poor samples, utilizing Sr-Nd-Pb and Li isotopes, along with major and trace elements, to elucidate the enrichment mechanisms and sources of Li. Nd isotopic data reveal that the primary sedimentary sources of the Wumishan Formation strata are predominantly felsic components (ε_Nd(0): –15.64 to –24.83), with an contributions from basic weathering products (ε_Nd(t): –8.13 to 2.63). However, the Li-rich samples exhibit anomalously high enrichments of Sr (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr: 0.7340–0.7844) and Pb isotopes (²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb: 18.939–32.520; ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb: 15.822–17.087; ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb: 38.311–49.381), along with homogeneous positive δ⁷Li values (+5.59 ‰ to + 6.93 ‰). The pronounced enrichment of radiogenic Sr and Pb isotopes, coupled with the absence of Li isotopic fractionation in clay minerals, strongly support the hypothesis that Li enrichment is associated with post-depositional hydrothermal alteration. Additionally, positive correlations between Li and trace elements (e.g., F and Rb), further reinforce this association rather than suggesting a link to chemical weathering. High ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr and ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb ratios, along with positive δ⁷Li values, imply that Li likely originates from the leaching of surrounding rocks. Conversely, differences in Sr, Nd, Pb, and Li isotopes between diorite and diabase confirm minimal contribution from magmatic sources. This study provides new insights into the genesis of Li-rich strata in the Wumishan Formation, further supporting our previous mineralogical evidence and offering significant geological implications for their exploration and exploitation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"177 ","pages":"Article 106448"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143149624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distribution, occurrence and enrichment mechanism of Co in Fe-Ti oxide deposits: An example from the giant Hongge deposit, SW China","authors":"Zhongcheng Zhang ,&nbsp;Xinlu Hu ,&nbsp;Banxiao Ruan ,&nbsp;Xinbiao Lv ,&nbsp;Ruiqin Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106465","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106465","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Magmatic Fe-Ti oxide deposits are recognized as a potential significant source of Co. However, the distribution, occurrence state and enrichment mechanism of Co within these deposits are not well understood. The Hongge deposit, one of the world’s largest Fe-Ti oxide deposits, has an estimated Co reserve of 488,400 tons and an annual production of Co concentrates of 20,000 tons. Based on comprehensive analyses across various scales from lithologies to rocks and minerals, this study aims to elucidate the occurrence state and enrichment mechanism of Co in Fe-Ti oxide deposits. Among different rock types, the highest concentrations of Co are observed in massive ores, with an average of 280 ppm, followed by disseminated ores, olivine pyroxenite, pyroxenite, and gabbro. In silicate and oxide minerals, the abundance of Co decreases in the following order: olivine &gt; magnetite &gt; ilmenite &gt; amphibole &gt; pyroxene &gt; apatite and plagioclase. Among sulfide minerals, the Co content is ranked as follows: cobaltite (with Co contents ranging from 18.42 % to 25.80 %) &gt; pentlandite &gt; pyrite &gt; pyrrhotite &gt; chalcopyrite. Cobalt occurs as three primary forms: (1) an independent mineral, such as cobaltite (As_0.99∼1.10Co_0.55∼0.74Ni_0.20∼0.37S); (2) isomorphous substitution for Fe, Mg and V; (3) microscopic inclusions in magnetite and pyrrhotite. The processes contributing to the enrichment of Co include fractional crystallization, sulfide-silicate immiscibility, and hydrothermal alteration. Sulfide-silicate immiscibility plays a predominant role in the Co enrichment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"177 ","pages":"Article 106465"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143149686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Newly recognized Late Jurassic Nb-Ta pegmatite dikes in the Maoershan-Yuechengling pegmatite district, south China: Their petrogenesis and metallogenesis","authors":"Chuan Zhao ,&nbsp;Wei Fu ,&nbsp;Xijun Liu ,&nbsp;Xiao Liu ,&nbsp;Meng Feng ,&nbsp;Yangyang Feng ,&nbsp;Pansong Gao ,&nbsp;Cheng Xu ,&nbsp;Chunzeng Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106470","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106470","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Maoershan-Yuechengling pegmatite district (MYPD) of south China contains more than 2000 pegmatite dikes, most of which show rare-metal mineralization, for example, Nb, Ta, Be, and Rb mineralization. However, petrogenesis of the pegmatite dikes and their rare metal metallogenesis remain unclear due to lack of reliable geochronological and geochemical constraints. In this paper, we report new data of whole-rock geochemistry, Nd-Pb isotopes, and columbite–tantalite (coltan) and zircon U-Pb ages of the pegmatite dikes and their hosting gneissic granite from the Mao’antang deposit, the largest Nb-Ta deposit known in the district. The Mao’antang pegmatite dikes occur in the Moshishui area in a linear distribution pattern due to fault structural control. The area are dominated by Caledonian granitoids and Neoproterozoic metasedimentary rocks. Two coltan U-Pb ages of the mineralized pegmatites (159.5 ± 5.4 Ma and 155.0 ± 2.7 Ma) obtained in this study distinct them from the well documented, episodic Precambrian to Mesozoic rare-metal pegmatites in south China, for example, the 832–827 Ma, 424–387 Ma, 248–198 Ma, 140–127 Ma, and 70–40 Ma mineralized pegmatites. The Mao’antang Nb-Ta pegmatites are much younger than their hosting granite which is dated at 417.2 ± 2.0 Ma in this study. The large age gap (262–258 million years) indicates no direct petrogenetic association between the pegmatites and their hosting granite. Geochemically, the pegmatites have high Rb/Sr (6.63–215.2) ratios but low Nb/Ta (0.07–0.98) and Zr/Hf (4.02–35.63) ratios, indicating that the pegmatites are highly evolved. The Nd (ε_Nd(t) = -9.8 to −4.6; T_DM2 = 1.35–1.79 Ga) and Pb (²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 18.267–20.497; ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 15.628–15.834) isotopic data suggest that the parental magmas of the pegmatites were originated from a mixed source of Proterozoic crustal material with minor mantle-derived melts. Based on euhedral coltan grains, low ratios of Nb/Ta, and Zr/Hf, and the new geochronological data, it is proposed that the Mao’antang mineralized pegmatites were evolved by fractional crystallization from residual parental magmas. Late Jurassic Nb-Ta rare-metal pegmatites are notably uncommon in south China. Recognition of their occurrence not only confirms the episodic nature of the south China rare-metal mineralized pegmatites, but also guides future exploration strategy for rare metals in south China.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"177 ","pages":"Article 106470"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143148351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simulation-based mineral prospectivity modeling and Gray Wolf optimization algorithm for delimiting exploration targets","authors":"Kamran Mostafaei ,&nbsp;Mahyar Yousefi ,&nbsp;Oliver Kreuzer ,&nbsp;Mohammad Nabi Kianpour","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106458","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106458","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Exploration targeting is a multi-step process concerned with delimiting progressively smaller areas that are prospective for the targeted mineral deposit type, capable of hosting a potentially economic deposit and deserving of exploration funds. In mineral prospectivity modeling (MPM), target delineation represents the final stage of a procedure designed to identify discrete, explorable areas of high discovery potential within a much larger area of interest, typically covering entire camps, districts or provinces. However, defining unbiased thresholds for discriminating between high, moderate and low priority exploration targets is not a straightforward task. To avoid human bias in this thresholding process, a more structured, automated approach is needed. This study presents a simulation-based approach to MPM that adapts the Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO) algorithm, a swarm intelligence method capable of objectively delineating exploration targets from MPM results. Our approach aims to reduce bias by applying Monte Carlo Simulation to the assignment of robust weights to the predictor maps at the core of the MPM procedure. The GWO algorithm facilitates the classification and prioritization and enhances the accuracy and reliability of the resulting targets. The proposed procedure is demonstrated here using a porphyry copper (Cu) example from the Chahargonbad district, SE Iran. The results show that the GWO-based framework not only identifies high-priority exploration zones but also reduces the uncertainty inherent in traditional manual selection methods. As such, this novel approach contributes to both theoretical and practical advancements in the field of mineral exploration, offering a scalable solution that can be adapted to various geological settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"177 ","pages":"Article 106458"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143148352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emplacement depth and uplift-erosion of the Guidong complex in northern Guangdong: Implications for deep prospecting in the Xiazhuang uranium ore field","authors":"Zhuang Min ,&nbsp;Hai-dong Li ,&nbsp;Zheng-le Chen ,&nbsp;Shi-hong Tian ,&nbsp;Jia-yong Pan ,&nbsp;Yue Sun ,&nbsp;Jie Yan ,&nbsp;Hai-long Huo ,&nbsp;Ji-lin Li ,&nbsp;Fu-jun Zhong ,&nbsp;Wei-ping Zhu ,&nbsp;Pei Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2024.106414","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2024.106414","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Xiazhuang uranium ore field, situated on the southeastern side of the Guidong complex in northern Guangdong Province, is an important hard rock uranium resource bases in southern China. In this study, petrography, mineral thermobarometry, and apatite fission track (AFT) methods were used to study the genetic mineralogy and uplift-erosion history of various granites in the mining area. The Donggualing body is characterized by high temperature and pressure, medium to high oxygen fugacity, high water content, and alkalinity, with characteristics typical of a subduction zone supply. The biotite chemistry indicates that the Indosinian bodies have high Mg, low temperature, low oxygen fugacity, and peraluminous characteristics, whereas the Yanshanian bodies are calc-alkaline peraluminous granites of crustal origin. Estimates of emplacement depth suggest that biotite barometry may be more reliable than hornblende barometry, with the Caledonian Donggualing body emplaced at a depth of 11.9 km; the Indosinian Xiazhuang, Luxi, and Shituling bodies at an average depth of 14.5 km; and the Yanshanian Taoshuba, Shishitou, and Zhutongjian bodies at an average depth of 6.8 km. AFT and thermal history modeling showed that the uplift of the Indosinian bodies began earlier than that of the Yanshanian bodies, indicating that the Mesozoic-Cenozoic uplift process in the Guidong area expanded from east to west. Based on the physicochemical conditions of diagenesis, AFT thermal history modeling, and previous studies on diagenesis, mineralization ages, fluid inclusions, and deposits, the high U, rich F, low oxygen fugacity, and peraluminous characteristics of the Indosinian bodies are shown to have significantly controlled U enrichment. The natural absence or severe erosion of Indosinian bodies on the western side of the Guidong complex severely affects the spatial distribution of regional deposits. Furthermore, the combined control of the Huangpi and Mashishanshan faults is a key factor in the preservation of orebodies in the Xiazhuang uranium ore field. The deeper part of this area has better potential for mineral exploration than the western part of the Guidong complex.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"177 ","pages":"Article 106414"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143148353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated geological and geophysical approaches to map structural controls of chromite deposits associated with ultramafic–mafic complexes of the Ingasana in the southwestern Blue Nile metallogenic province, SE Sudan","authors":"Salah Alshareef ,&nbsp;Xiangyun Hu ,&nbsp;Jiahao Wang ,&nbsp;Qing Liang ,&nbsp;Shengbo Liu ,&nbsp;Yong Li ,&nbsp;Harith F. Alkhafaji ,&nbsp;Fayez Harash ,&nbsp;Wakeel Hussain ,&nbsp;Mohamed A. Mohamed-Ali","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106441","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106441","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Ingasana Mafic-Ultramafic Complex (IMUC) located in the southwestern Blue Nile region of Sudan, hosts significant chromite deposits of considerable economic importance. Although some preliminary studies have been conducted, however important genetic details, such as integrated geophysical and geological analyses, have not yet been thoroughly investigated. In this study, we conducted a detailed investigation of field features, petrography, and Integrated geophysical surveys in the ore prospect areas of the IMUC for the first time. The aim was to clarify the geological structures and metallogenic characteristics of the region, particularly focusing on the boundaries of rock units associated with chromite deposits. The results from the three-dimensional gravity inversion analysis identify the boundaries between different rock types, including subsurface density variations and major shear zones, revealing that most known mineralization sites are closely associated with structural features and the fault system of the area. Exploratory drill holes (D.H.) of different depths confirm the subsurface occurrence of thin chromite with serpentinite as ven bodies within the ultramafic rocks of Ingasana.On the other hand, Petrological Examinations (P.E.) results identify boundaries between other rocks. These findings further suggest that areas with high-density anomalies are the most favorable for hosting chromium, whereas regions covered with clay rocks exhibit the opposite potential. Furthermore, the study highlights the critical role of fault zones as conduits for magma and mineralizing fluids, emphasizing their significance in controlling the emplacement of mafic–ultramafic rocks and associated mineralization. The integration of geophysical and geological data not only enhances our understanding of the structural framework but also provides a robust basis for future exploration, guiding targeted prospecting efforts for chromite and other related mineral deposits in the IMUC.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"177 ","pages":"Article 106441"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143149623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genesis and mineralization processes of the Hua’aobaote Pb–Zn–Ag polymetallic deposit in Inner Mongolia: Constraints from in situ sulfur isotopes and trace elements in pyrite","authors":"Hu Wang ,&nbsp;Zhicheng Lü ,&nbsp;Shuyi Dong ,&nbsp;Yongsheng Li ,&nbsp;Hairui Sun ,&nbsp;Banglu Zhang ,&nbsp;Jilong Han ,&nbsp;Hong Liu ,&nbsp;Wange Du ,&nbsp;Yongqiang Liu ,&nbsp;Haiming Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106472","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106472","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Hua’aobaote Pb–Zn–Ag deposit in the Southern Great Xing’an Range (SGXR) was recently discovered, and its orebodies occur in Permian tuffaceous siltstone, sandstone, siltstone, and slate and are strictly controlled by faults. The aim of this study is conduct trace element and sulfur isotope analyses of pyrite to accurately delineate the mineralization process from magmatic to hydrothermal stages, enhancing the understanding of the genesis of the deposit. The research findings reveal that the mineralization process can be categorized into three stages: pyrite + quartz (Py1), quartz + pyrite + arsenopyrite + chalcopyrite + cassiterite + pyrrhotite + galena + sphalerite + silver minerals (Py2), and quartz + pyrite + arsenopyrite + marcasite + calcite (Py3). Within these stages, Py1 displays the highest concentrations of Se and Ni (averages of 352.05 ppm and 28.71 ppm), whereas other trace elements are relatively scarce. Conversely, the total trace element contents in Py2 and Py3 significantly increase, particularly those of Cu, Sn, Ag, Pb, Zn, Bi, Mn, As, and Sb. Notably, Py2 has the highest concentrations of Co (average of 20.39 ppm), Bi (average of 14.34 ppm), and Sn (average of 17.78 ppm), whereas Py3 is characterized by a uniquely high Mn concentration (average of 154.34 ppm). The δ³⁴S values for pyrite, ranging from −2.96 ‰ to 1.55 ‰, are characteristics of deep magma sources. Py1 is distinguished by high Se and low As contents, elevated Se/As and Co/Sb ratios, and comparatively low Sb/Bi and As/Ag ratios. These characteristics suggest that Py1 comprises magmatic pyrite and hydrothermal pyrite, formed through the evolution of porphyry-type magmatic fluids. In contrast, Py2 and Py3 are hydrothermal pyrites that have high As and low Se contents, low Se/As and Co/Sb ratios, and high Sb/Bi and As/Ag ratios. These features indicate their formation in an epithermal environment, likely resulting from interactions between magmatic fluids and host rocks or meteoric water. An analysis of mineral assemblages, trace elements, and sulfur isotopes indicates that the mineralization occurred from mid- to high-temperature, mid-sulfidation porphyry magmatic fluids to low-temperature, low-sulfidation hydrothermal fluids, indicating that the ore-forming materials originated predominantly from porphyry magma. Accordingly, the Hua’aobaote deposit is categorized as a distal, mid- to low-temperature, mid- to low-sulfidation epithermal vein deposit linked to a porphyry-type magmatic–hydrothermal system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"178 ","pages":"Article 106472"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143349148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scandium distribution in the Bayan Obo REE-Nb-Fe deposit, China: A multi-scale geochemical perspective","authors":"Shuang-Liang Liu ,&nbsp;Xuan Liu ,&nbsp;Hong-Rui Fan ,&nbsp;Alan R Butcher ,&nbsp;Yann Lahaye ,&nbsp;Radoslaw M. Michallik ,&nbsp;Ester M. Jolis ,&nbsp;Sari Lukkari ,&nbsp;Kui-Feng Yang ,&nbsp;Qi-Wei Wang ,&nbsp;Zheng-Jie Qiu ,&nbsp;Hai-Dong She","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106466","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106466","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Scandium (Sc) is a dispersed element in average continental crust but can accumulate in carbonatite systems. In the Bayan Obo carbonatite deposit, China, substantial Sc₂O₃ resources have been estimated; however, the occurrence and spatial distribution of Sc remain poorly understood, impeding efforts to explore and extract these resources. This study presents novel results of geochemical, mineral and textural mapping from 270 systematically collected field samples and 13 representative laboratory samples, revealing the Sc distribution at various scales, from deposit down to mineral, within this complex carbonatite system.</div><div>Whole-rock analyses identified Sc anomalies (over 100 ppm) along the lithological contacts between the ore-hosting dolomite intrusion and the surrounding slate/schist. The banded/massive ores and vein-type ores exhibit variable yet relatively high Sc contents, ranging from 2 to 378 ppm (average 67.6 ppm) and 91 to 273 ppm (average 153 ppm), respectively. In contrast, slate/schist shows lower Sc levels (1–218 ppm, average 38.2 ppm), while the ore-hosting dolomite has consistently medium to low Sc contents (17–77 ppm, average 34.0 ppm). Micro-scale analyses reveal that aegirine and Na-amphibole are common Sc carriers in all rock types except slate/schist, in which mica and ilmenite are the major Sc-bearing minerals. Sc-rich domains (over 0.3 wt% Sc₂O₃) are detected in polished thin sections, in which three individual Sc minerals, i.e., thortveitite, aegirine-jervisite solid solution, and bazzite, are documented for the first time in this deposit. Variations in chemical composition and microtexture in these Sc minerals indicate a multi-stage Sc mineralization process. These findings suggest that hydrothermal alteration is the primary mechanism for Sc enrichment in this carbonatite system, laying a solid foundation for future resource utilization of the Bayan Obo deposit.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"177 ","pages":"Article 106466"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143148354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}