Ore Geology Reviews最新文献

{"title":"Protracted hydrothermal alteration of the Burgundy alkalic porphyry prospect determined by in situ U-Pb and Rb-Sr petrochronology, northwestern British Columbia, Canada","authors":"Carl J. Beno ,&nbsp;Joanna Dlugosz ,&nbsp;Kyle P. Larson ,&nbsp;Brendan Dyck ,&nbsp;Ali Wasiliew ,&nbsp;Phoenix Karadimas ,&nbsp;Mark Button ,&nbsp;Sudip Shrestha","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106557","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106557","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Late Triassic Burgundy porphyry system in the Golden Triangle of northwest British Columbia, Canada hosts Cu-Au mineralization in multiple prospective centers. Preliminary geologic mapping of the surface expression of the prospect and a cross section through the southern extension at The Ridge provide a preliminary structural understanding of the system with respect to the surrounding host rocks. The porphyries that make up the Burgundy prospect are emplaced into Upper Stikine Assemblage to Lower Stuhini Group strata with discrete episodes of texturally and geochemically distinct porphyry emplacement and igneous/hydrothermal brecciation. Lithogeochemical data indicate the prospect is a silica-undersaturated alkalic porphyry system consistent with the ubiquitous absence of quartz. A complex history of potassic, calc-potassic, phyllic, and propylitic alteration events overprint the porphyries, breccias, and wallrocks. The age of alteration was determined using <em>in situ</em> U-Pb and Rb-Sr geochronology. Titanite U-Pb (212.8 [±2.6] to 208.6 [±1.9] Ma), apatite U-Pb (216.7 [±2.9] to 208.2 [±4.1] Ma), garnet U-Pb (215.1 [±1.3] to 211.4 [±0.95] Ma), and biotite Rb-Sr (218.9 [±5.4] to 200.5 [±0.5] Ma) ages are interpreted alongside trace and major element geochemistry to reflect the timing of hydrothermal precipitation and/or equilibration of the dated phases during infiltration of hydrothermal fluids.</div><div>The geochronology results define a minimum emplacement age for the porphyry suite and outline a protracted period (&gt;10 Myr) of localized, likely episodic, post-emplacement hydrothermal alteration/equilibration. The oldest ages from apatite (216.7 ± 2.9 Ma), garnet (215.1 ± 1.3 Ma), and biotite (218.9 ± 5.4 Ma) indicate emplacement of Burgundy porphyries began before emplacement of the neighboring Galore Creek alkalic suite (212–205 Ma). In addition, the youngest biotite date (200.5 ± 0.5 Ma) indicates Burgundy experienced localized high-T hydrothermal fluid infiltration associated with either a long-lived hydrothermal system related to cooling of structurally deeper Burgundy melts and/or externally derived fluids during the onset of local Tatogga/Texas Creek suite magmatism. The new age data from Burgundy indicate alkalic magmatism in the Golden Triangle began earlier than is currently recognized within the working regional framework model and that Burgundy was a conduit for protracted hydrothermal activity during this critical metallogenic epoch near the Triassic-Jurassic boundary.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 106557"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143686014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Attention-driven graph convolutional neural networks for mineral prospectivity mapping","authors":"Changjie Cao ,&nbsp;Xiuliang Wang ,&nbsp;Fan Yang ,&nbsp;Miao Xie ,&nbsp;Bingli Liu ,&nbsp;Yunhui Kong ,&nbsp;Cheng Li ,&nbsp;Zhongli Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106554","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106554","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mineral Prospectivity Mapping (MPM) is a fundamental technique in the field of geosciences for identifying regions with high mineral potential. Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have been extensively utilized in MPM, particularly excelling in handling non-Euclidean spatial data, effectively addressing the limitation of traditional deep neural networks, which struggle to capture and utilize spatial information. However, they often rely on direct geographic connections, which limit their ability to recognize long-distance geological relationships. This constraint impacts the understanding of mineralization processes and prediction accuracy, while feature smoothing in multi-layer graph convolution operations further weakens the aggregation of distant features. To address these challenges, this study proposes an Attention-Driven Graph Convolutional Network (ADGCN) that leverages an attention mechanism to select highly correlated nodes for connection and aggregates features from distant nodes for representation learning. Building upon the spatial information-capturing capabilities of traditional Graph Neural Networks, ADGCN further optimizes the process by dynamically prioritizing critical nodes, capturing complex spatial patterns and nonlinear relationships while alleviating feature smoothing and enhancing the aggregation of geographically distant but geologically related units. In tests conducted in the Lhasa region, ADGCN achieved an AUC of 91.67%, surpassing GAT by 2.65%, demonstrating superior prediction accuracy in MPM.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 106554"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143716095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geological characteristics, mechanism, and metallogenic model of the Benbatu uranium deposit, Bayingobi basin, North China","authors":"Bo Liu ,&nbsp;Xujie Guo ,&nbsp;Peng Hao ,&nbsp;Linfei Qiu ,&nbsp;Pengfei Zhang ,&nbsp;Peng Li","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106552","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106552","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Benbatu sandstone-type uranium deposit is in the southeast part of the Bayingobi basin. This study examines the geological characteristics, geochemistry, C-O isotopes, micro area scanning, and fluid inclusions in the ore-bearing sandstones of the Benbatu uranium deposit. It classifies the alteration mineral combination, defines the stage of uranium mineralization and establishes both the mineralization laws and the uranium mineralization model. The favorable stratigraphic structure of the Lower Cretaceous lower member of the Bayingobi Formation (falling stage system tract), 1st and 2nd members of the upper Bayingobi Formation (lowstand + transgressive system tract) laid a foundation for migrating the ore-forming fluids along faults and the inflation of supergene fluids into the basin. The uranium mineralization period can be divided into two stages. The early alteration mineral combinations primarily include hematite, calcite, automorphic dolomite, automorphic fluorapatite, and pyrite. The late stage of mineralization includes limonite, fine-grained dolomite, fine-grained fluorapatite, pyrite, calcite, and illite. The early ore-forming fluids with the faults mainly originated from the deep part of the basin, with temperatures of 105–165 ℃ and salinity levels of 5 %–9%. In<!--> <!-->the late stage of<!--> <!-->mineralization,<!--> <!-->the ore-forming fluid is<!--> <!-->primarily<!--> <!-->epigenetic fluid, with a temperature of 60–105 °C<!--> <!-->and a salinity of 1.5 %–5%.<!--> <!-->The temperature and salinity of the ore-forming fluids have the characteristic of gradually evolving from high to low from the early to late stages of mineralization. The ore has undergone significant water and rock interaction, where uranium, lithophile, chalcophile, and rare earth elements were substitute the elements in the fine crystalline fluorapatite or adsorbed on its surface by fine-crystalline fluorapatite during the mineralization process. The U content of ore is negatively correlated with SiO₂, Al₂O₃, K₂O, and NaO content and positively correlated with other elements (P, Sr, Ca, and Fe²⁺).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 106552"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143654524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shallow crustal velocity structure beneath the Xiangshan and Yuhuashan volcanic basins in South China: Implications for the metallogenic setting of the volcanic-related uranium deposit","authors":"Binjun Zhai ,&nbsp;Juzhi Deng ,&nbsp;Hui Yu ,&nbsp;Xiangteng Wang ,&nbsp;Hui Chen ,&nbsp;Qingfei Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106551","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106551","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Xiangshan volcanic basin hosts the largest volcanic-related uranium deposit in China, while the adjacent Yuhuashan volcanic basin contains only one small uranium deposits. To better understand the metallogenic setting of volcanic-related uranium deposit in the study area, ambient noise data was collected from 142 mobile stations with average spacing about 4 km and 2128 phase velocity dispersion curves were extracted by the two-station method. A shallow crustal shear velocity model was obtained by the direct inversion method of surface wave dispersion. As imaged by the velocity model, the shallow (1.0–2.0 km) high-velocity anomalies correspond to the metamorphic rocks exposed in the Xiangshan and Yuhuashan volcanic basins, whereas the low-velocity anomalous zone with NE trending matches well with the distribution range of the Late Cretaceous red beds. With the deepening of the depth, the Xiangshan volcanic basin exhibits medium to high velocities, while the Yuhuashan volcanic basin demonstrates low velocities. These noticeable structural variations are interpreted to the different tectonic-magmatic activities had occurred in two regions. Based on the inferred basement faults and the strike-slip pull-apart process originated from the NE-trending Fuzhou-Yongfeng Fault, we reveal that the contact zone between the basement faults could have contributed to the emplacement of the uranium-producing volcanic basin, while the faults developed within volcanic cover could have provided favorable conditions for the migration and enrichment of ore-forming fluids. Given that the thickness of overlying volcanic rocks in the Yuhuashan volcanic basin is thicker than that in the Xiangshan volcanic basin, it is speculated that the deep part of the Yuhuashan volcanic basin has better uranium mineralization potential.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 106551"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143641760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comment on “Mineralization age of the Xiangshan uranium ore field, South China redefined by hydrothermal apatite U-Pb geochronology” by Wang et al., (Ore Geology Reviews, 2023, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2023.105586)","authors":"Suwen Zhu ,&nbsp;Guangrong Li ,&nbsp;Yun Wang ,&nbsp;Fusheng Guo ,&nbsp;Ao Qin","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106549","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106549","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recently，Wang et al., (2023) published their apatite U-Pb ages from Xiangshan uranium ore field, South China and concluded that uranium mineralization age is synchronously formed to the hosting rock. This conclusion presents a significant departure from traditional views and offers novel insights into the timing of uranium mineralization. This paper raises evidence based on our research results in Xiangshan area in the past decade. Firstly, field observations indicate that uraniferous veins cut the well crystallized volcanic complex, suggesting a later hydrothermal event. Additionally, the synchronicity of apatite formation with uranium enrichment is questioned, as type 2 apatite crystals show complex relationships with uranium minerals. Discrepancies in previous U-Pb dates on U-minerals and Ar-Ar dates are discussed as well, and the result suggests that the age of volcanic complex hosting uranium minerals is mainly concentrated between 130 and 145 Ma, and the time difference between mineralization and diagenesis varies greatly. The paper emphasizes the need to reconcile the differences between various dating methods to accurately determine the mineralization age.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 106549"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143641768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dual length-scale modelling of the formation mechanism relevant to the Caixiashan Pb-Zn deposit, Xinjiang, China: Effects of regional-model bottom boundary-conditions on mineralization patterns","authors":"Yao Liu ,&nbsp;Gaozhi Liu ,&nbsp;Chongbin Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106547","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106547","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Caixiashan Pb-Zn deposit is located in the polymetallic metallogenic belt, which belongs to the Central Tianshan Terrane, Xinjiang, China. Although extensive field observation and laboratory experiment studies of using traditional geological, geochemical and geophysical methods were carried out for investigating the mineralization system relevant to the Caixiashan Pb-Zn deposit, no research work has been conducted, to date, to simulate the ore-forming processes of this particular deposit through using advanced numerical-modelling methods. In order to fill this gap, this study utilizes the recently-proposed numerical-modelling approach of utilizing dual length-scale models, which contains a deposit (small length-scale) model and a regional (large length-scale) model and uses the finite element method (FEM) as well, to numerically simulate the hydrothermal ore-forming processes relevant to the Caixiashan Pb-Zn deposit. Special consideration is concentrated on investigating the effects of the regional-model bottom boundary-conditions on the formation of the Caixiashan Pb-Zn deposit. The key findings of this study have elucidated that: (1) the convection of pore-fluid is the predominant dynamic mechanism, which controls the formation of the Caixiashan Pb-Zn deposit; (2) although the numerically-simulated grade of the Caixiashan Pb-Zn deposit may depend on the regional-mode bottom boundary-conditions, the numerically-simulated location of this deposit does not; (3) the numerical-modelling approach of utilizing dual length-scale models is very useful in numerically modelling the formation mechanism relevant to the Caixiashan Pb-Zn deposit.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 106547"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143632230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coloration mechanism of Fe in sphalerite based on LA-ICP-MS and DFT: A case study of the Huize super-large Ge-rich Ag–Pb–Zn deposit in Sichuan–Yunnan–Guizhou","authors":"Yanhong Liu,&nbsp;Runsheng Han,&nbsp;Yan Zhang,&nbsp;Yi Chen,&nbsp;Jianbiao Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106550","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106550","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Fe content is a crucial factor influencing the color of sphalerite. This study focuses on sphalerite from the Huize super-large Ge-rich Ag–Pb–Zn deposit in the Sichuan–Yunnan–Guizhou border region. Based on LA-ICP-MS in-situ analysis and quantum chemical calculations using Density Functional Theory (DFT), we investigated the Fe–Zn substitution patterns and their impact on sphalerite color, identified the isomorphous and interstitial doping modes of iron in sphalerite, and further elucidated the coloration mechanism and mineralization process of sphalerite. The research shows that black sphalerite from the Baizuo Formation in this deposit has the highest Fe content, while red-brown sphalerite from the Dengying Formation has the highest Fe content among its counterparts. When the number of Fe atoms in the ZnS electronic structure exceeds six, the reflection coefficient in the red-brown spectral range is significantly higher than that in other visible light bands, while the absorption coefficient is lower. The isomorphous substitution and interstitial insertion of Fe in sphalerite are key factors leading to its color variation. Fe predominantly enters the (110) and (100) cleavage planes in the form of isomorphous substitution, forming isomorphous mixed crystals, with the (110) cleavage plane being more sensitive to Fe substitution. The study suggests that the mineralization temperature corresponding to different mineralization stages affects the Fe content in sphalerite, which in turn determines its color presentation. This further supports the evolution process of the ore-forming fluid from medium–to–high temperature, and low salinity to medium temperature, and medium salinity, and finally to low temperature, and medium–to–low salinity. This paper provides a new theoretical perspective for revealing the coloration mechanism of sphalerite.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 106550"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143704698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Formation of the Mahuaping Be–W–F deposit in South China: Evidence from beryl chemistry, wolframite and monazite U–Pb dating","authors":"Wen-Chang Li ,&nbsp;Qing-Gao Yan ,&nbsp;Hua-Wen Cao ,&nbsp;Sheng Li ,&nbsp;Fu-Cheng Yang ,&nbsp;Xiao-Jun Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106553","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106553","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Mahuaping deposit, hosted within metasedimentary rocks, is a large-scale Be–W–F deposit in the Sanjiang region, distinguished by a unique mineral assemblage that includes beryl, scheelite, wolframite euclasite, fluorite, calcite, and quartz, among others. However, its genetic model remains a subject of debate, particularly regarding whether mineralization was sourced from granite-derived fluids or metamorphic hydrothermal systems. The precise formation age of the Mahuaping deposit can be reliably determined through in-situ U–Pb dating of wolframite and monazite using laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). Wolframite U–Pb dating yield an age of 30.6 ± 0.5 Ma (2σ, MSWD = 0.74), closely aligning with the monazite U–Pb age of 29.4 ± 0.3 Ma (2σ, MSWD = 0.63). These results indicate that the Mahuaping deposit formed during the Late Paleogene. Given its temporal similarity to porphyry-related Cu–Au–Mo deposits associated with intracontinental transpression in the Sanjiang region, as well as multi-stage mineral textures and the variability in FeO (0.09–1.68 wt%) and Na₂O (0.59–2.05 wt%) contents in beryl, we propose that the Mahuaping Be–W–F deposit was formed by magmatic-hydrothermal fluids. Under this magmatic-hydrothermal model, we suggest that the Sanjiang region holds significant potential for additional economic Be–W–F mineralization. Furthermore, this study highlights that, in addition to the well-documented Cu–Au–Mo mineralization event, the Late Paleogene also witnessed a notable Be–W–F mineralization episode, thereby expanding the metallogenic framework of the Sanjiang region and providing critical insights for future exploration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"179 ","pages":"Article 106553"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143620269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gallium- and germanium-rich sphalerite in the Sichuan-Yunnan-Guizhou region: Insights from the Fule carbonate-hosted Pb-Zn deposit","authors":"Lei Wang ,&nbsp;Yan Zhang ,&nbsp;Runsheng Han ,&nbsp;Dianwen Liu ,&nbsp;Yi Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106555","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106555","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Sichuan-Yunnan-Guizhou (SYG) region hosts significant resources of critical metals gallium (Ga) and germanium (Ge), which are essential to the development of green technologies. The content and distribution of Ga and Ge in sphalerite from the carbonate-hosted Pb-Zn Fule deposit in this region need to be evaluated. Based on laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry analysis, we investigate Ga, Ge, and other minor and trace element composition in different types of sphalerite from this deposit. Two major mineralization stages (I and II) were recognized in hydrothermal period. The highest Ga (mean 218 ppm) and Ge (mean 760 ppm) contents were both found in reddish-brown sphalerite (Sp1<em>rb</em>) formed in stage I. Varicolored sphalerite (Sp2) deposited in stage II and white sphalerite (Sp1<em>w</em>) formed in stage I exhibit the lowest Ga (mean 0.25 ppm) and Ge (mean 13.2 ppm) contents, respectively. Trace element content correlations reveal Ga incorporation via direct substitution and Ge incorporation via substitution coupled to monovalent copper ion. Additionally, the sphalerite color variations (reddish-brown, yellow, and white) at Fule are related to the contents of Cu, Ga, Ge, As, and Sb. Compared to sphalerite in the other typical Pb-Zn deposits in the SYG region, sphalerite from the Fule deposit is more enriched in Ga and Ge. Considering the close spatial relationship between the Fule deposit and the Emeishan basalts, we propose that the Emeishan basalts may have contributed additional Ga and Ge to this deposit.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"179 ","pages":"Article 106555"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143620270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ridge subduction identified within the ancient Tianshan Ocean: Evidence from temporal variations of magmatism in the Tuwu-Yandong porphyry Cu belt, NW China","authors":"Yun-feng Wang ,&nbsp;Bing Xiao ,&nbsp;Shuqi Gao ,&nbsp;Wei Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106548","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106548","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Our knowledge of the many magmatic episodes and porphyry Cu belts north of the Kangguer Shear Zone in the Eastern Tianshan region is complicated by the ongoing controversy over the mechanism of the Tianshan Oceanic plate subducting during the Carboniferous epoch. Within the well-known Tuwu–Yandong porphyry Cu belt, we offer new zircon U–Pb dates, Hf isotopes, whole-rock geochemistry, and whole-rock Sr–Nd isotopes for granite porphyry, quartz diorite porphyry, and diorite. These findings shed light on I- and A-type granitoids as well as slab-derived adakites, offering fresh perspectives on the Tianshan Oceanic plate’s subduction process. The majority of the adakites are diorite and quartz diorite porphyry (334–331 Ma), which have low Y and Yb contents, high Sr concentrations, and higher Sr/Y ratios. These rocks yielded high positive zircon ε_Hf(t) values (+10.3 to +14.1) and whole-rock ε_Nd(t) (+6.8 to +7.5) values. The adakitic diorite is thought to originate from the melting of the oceanic slab, while the subsequent quartz diorite porphyry formed through fractional crystallization of the dioritic magma. The A-type granite porphyry (331 Ma) displays high contents of SiO₂ and Fe₂O₃^T, along with increased Zr concentrations and zircon saturation temperatures. This rock type also possesses zircon ε_Hf(t) (+10.5 to +11.8) and whole-rock ε_Nd(t) (+6.4 to +6.6) values, derived from the partial melting of the juvenile crust. The late I–type granite porphyry (322 Ma) is characterized by high SiO₂ and low P₂O₅ contents, as well as positive ε_Hf(t) values (+9.5 to +13.2) and whole-rock ε_Nd(t) values (+5.9 to +7.0). These rocks originated from the juvenile crust and underwent significant fractional crystallization. Our new data suggest that the ancient Tianshan Oceanic plate experienced a slab window during its northward subduction in the Carboniferous, creating a regional extensional setting. Through a detailed analysis of temporal variations in the regional magmatic rocks, we identified a distinguishable rock association of Nb-enriched, high-Mg, slab-derived adakites, and A-type rocks in the northern area of the Kangguer Shear Zone between 340 and 330 Ma. These rocks, along with the coeval regional porphyry Cu deposits, indicate the occurrence of a ridge subduction during that time.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 106548"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143654523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}