Ore Geology Reviews最新文献

{"title":"Brownfields exploration using semi-airborne transient electromagnetic surveys at the giant Bayan Obo REE-Nb-Fe deposit, Inner Mongolia, China","authors":"Xin Wu ,&nbsp;Guo-Qiang Xue ,&nbsp;Yun Liu ,&nbsp;Yan-Bo Wang ,&nbsp;Ji-En Zhang ,&nbsp;Wei-Ying Chen ,&nbsp;Lan-Fang He ,&nbsp;Yong-Gang Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106610","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106610","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Bayan Obo deposit is the largest polymetallic rare-earth and Nb deposit in the world. However, the formation of rare earth resources has been controversial for a long time due to the fact that there is still no consensus on the enrichment mechanism of the metal elements and shape of the ore body. In order to address this controversy, we conducted a semi-airborne transient electromagnetic survey covering the Bayan Obo Main- and East-pit areas and thus revealing the shape of the concealed mineralization. A significant induced polarization anomaly was identified forming a narrow band that extends from northwest to the southeast and it is consistent with previous geological interpretations and the shallow nature of the known rare-earth mineralization. By integrating the geological survey data and the inversion results, we further investigated the shape of the orebodies. Using “low resistivity and high chargeability” as the criterion for identifying potential ore-bearing rock, we documented three possible concealed ore bodies, two of which have been intersected by recent drilling data. These findings provide new research materials for studies on the mineralization mechanism of the Bayan Obo deposit and the estimation of its resources.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"181 ","pages":"Article 106610"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143820578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Destruction of the North China Craton account for the Shijia gold deposit in the Jiaodong Peninsula, eastern China","authors":"Jie Li ,&nbsp;Lipeng Zhang ,&nbsp;Mingchun Song ,&nbsp;Junwei Wang ,&nbsp;Maoqiang Yan ,&nbsp;Weidong Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106609","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106609","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Jiaodong Peninsula hosts the largest gold reserves in China, with proven gold reserves exceeding 5000 tons. Although the continuous discovery of new gold deposits in this region, the geodynamic background and the source of ore-forming materials of mineralization remain subjects of debate. Resolving this issue will be of great significance for further mineral exploration. This study focuses on the Shijia quartz vein-type gold deposit, which is hosted in Guojialing-stage granitoids within the Jiaodong Peninsula. We employ a variety of analytical techniques, including zircon LA-ICP-MS U–Pb isotopic dating, pyrite Rb–Sr isochron dating, geochemical analyses of the Shijia granodiorite, in-situ sulfur isotope and trace element analyses of pyrites, in order to obtain the accurate timing of gold mineralization and to uncover the origin of ore-forming materials. Our results show that the Shijia granodiorite was emplaced at 122.9 ± 0.2 Ma. The Rb–Sr isochron analysis of gold-bearing pyrite determines its mineralization age to be 121.3 ± 2.4 Ma, which agrees well with both the crystallization age of the Shijia intrusion and the time of destruction of the North China Craton, implying their genetic connections. Whole-rock geochemical data indicate that the Shijia granodiorite originated from a mixing magma source, primarily composed of ancient lower continental crust with approximately 20 % contribution from asthenospheric mantle, which is possibly formed in the background of the North China Craton destruction. The sulfur isotope values (6.22 to 7.59 ‰) of the gold-bearing pyrites point to a primary contribution from deep mantle sources for the ore-forming fluids. Based on the aforementioned features and the strong spatial and temporal correlation between mafic dykes and gold mineralization, we suggest that the Shijia gold deposit is a product of cratonic destruction. The destruction of the North China Craton is likely responsible for the ascent of asthenospheric material, which in turn triggered the partial melting of the metasomatized subcontinental lithospheric mantle and the ancient lower crust. This process generated large-scale contemporary granitic rocks, mafic dykes, and associated gold mineralization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"181 ","pages":"Article 106609"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143814992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Solution-collapse breccia pipe uranium deposits of the southern Colorado Plateau, northwestern Arizona, USA","authors":"Bradley S. Van Gosen ,&nbsp;Susan M. Hall ,&nbsp;Craig A. Johnson ,&nbsp;William M. Benzel","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106590","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106590","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Some of the highest-grade uranium deposits in the United States occur in breccia pipes that formed by solution and collapse of sedimentary strata, which occur in the southern portion of the Colorado Plateau in northwestern Arizona. The host breccia pipes are up to 1200 m in vertical extent, average about 90 m in diameter, and can cross-cut strata from their base in the Mississippian Redwall Limestone to as stratigraphically high on some plateaus as the Triassic Chinle Formation. These uranium-base metal deposits are up to 600 m thick and formed within the breccia pipes where they transect the Permian Coconino Sandstone, Hermit Formation, and the Esplanade Sandstone. Of the hundreds of breccia pipes identified across this region, only a small percentage are known to contain mineralization. The main uranium ore mineral is uraninite that is intergrown with at least 20 base-metal sulfide minerals, which contribute Fe, Cu, Co, As, Pb, Zn, Ni, and Ag to the deposits.</div><div>This study considered regional stratigraphy, sulfur isotope systematics, mineralogy, in situ dating, and compilation and analysis of previous work on the deposits. A comprehensive deposit model has not been published for these deposits. This analysis identified new additions to update the deposit model for these unusual, possibly unique deposits. Proposed modifications to the model include: (1) the source, mechanisms, timing of the base-metal sulfide mineral assemblages, and (2) the source, mechanism, and timing of the uranium mineralization. Sulfide and uranium deposition are shown to be separate mineralization events. The study proposes the possible role of gypsum as a source of sulfur for the sulfide minerals in the deposits. Groundwaters carrying uranium encountered the preexisting sulfides in breccia pipes, reducing the uranyl ions, and precipitating U oxide (as uraninite). Analysis of the regional stratigraphy recognized that numerous beds of gypsum are in the strata that lie only tens of meters above the breccia pipe deposits. In the breccia pipe region, if these stratigraphic units (Toroweap and Kaibab Formations) do not contain gypsum layers then the underlying pipes are not mineralized; where these Permian gypsum layers do occur, breccia pipes can host mineralization. This new understanding should be useful in identifying the prospective region for mineralized pipes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"181 ","pages":"Article 106590"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143825877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel method for the identification of geochemical anomalies with emphasis on addressing the problem of elemental background variation using Pb deposits in Shaoshan, central China, as a case study","authors":"Qinghao Zhang ,&nbsp;Jilong Lu ,&nbsp;Weiming Dai ,&nbsp;Hui Wu ,&nbsp;Yuchao Fan ,&nbsp;Zhiyi Gou ,&nbsp;Xinyun Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106615","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106615","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Most currently available methods for identifying geochemical anomalies using machine/deep learning algorithms ignore the issue of elemental background variation. This study exemplifies the identification of Pb anomalies in regional stream sediments from Shaoshan, central China, by utilizing a deep autoencoder (DAE). The focus is on applying this algorithm to detect geochemical anomalies in areas with varying geochemical background of elements. Firstly, we grouped the stream sediment samples into seven clusters using the Expectation-Maximization (EM) clustering algorithm, effectively minimizing the influence of elemental background variation. Subsequently, elements associated with Pb mineralization in groups one to seven were determined through robust principal component analysis (RPCA): Bi-Li-Sn-Pb, Li-Pb-MgO, As-Nb-Pb, Nb-Pb-Zn-Al₂O₃, Li-Pb-Al₂O₃-Fe₂O₃, Ag-Pb-CaO, and Ag-Bi-Li-Pb-Sb-SiO₂. The elemental data for each group were then input into the DAE respectively to calculate the reconstruction error, with a threshold value of 0.24 established to delineate Pb anomalies. The identified anomalies corresponded to the known Pb deposits with an accuracy of 89%. In comparison to the DAE method, the combined approach offers a more effective means of identifying geochemical anomalies. This is primarily evident in its ability to eliminate false anomalies in areas with high background while also detecting weak anomalies in regions with low background. The integration of the EM clustering algorithm with machine/deep learning techniques for anomaly detection can significantly enhance the accuracy of geochemical anomaly identification.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"181 ","pages":"Article 106615"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143814830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genesis of the Wangjiazhuang Cu-(Mo) deposits, Luxi Terrane, Eastern China: Implications from magnetite trace elements","authors":"Yiguan Lu ,&nbsp;Lei Shu ,&nbsp;Dapeng Li ,&nbsp;Yang Wu ,&nbsp;Xinlian Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106587","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106587","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Wangjiazhuang Cu-(Mo) deposit is the largest porphyry deposit in the Zouping volcanic basin in the Luxi terrane, western Shandong Province. We investigated the petrology and reported the trace element compositions in magnetite, to further unravel the fluids evolution and ore genesis. 5 types of magnetite from 4 stages were identified: Mt1 is enriched in Mg, Al, Ti, V, Mn, Co, Ni, Zn, Ga, consistent with a dominantly magmatic origin. Mt 2 and Mt 3 are magmatic-hydrothermal origins, supported by petrology and discrimination diagrams of Ti vs Ni/Cr, V vs Ti, and Ni vs Cr. Mt2 is associated with alteration minerals (e.g., chlorite, sericite) and can be further divided into Mt2a and Mt2b according to their textures. Mt2 is characterized by hematite rims and low V contents, implying high oxidation state of magma is the key factor in generating the Wangjiazhuang porphyry deposit, and it is related to the partial melting of the subducted oceanic crust during progressive Paleo-Pacific slab roll-back stage. Mt3 is associated with pyrite, chalcopyrite, and ilmenite, representing the main mineralization stage. Variation trend of V, Mn, Mg, Al, and Si contents in Mt2 and Mt3 and transfer of Fe-oxide phases (from hematite to ilmenite) indicate oxygen fugacity and fluid-rock interactions decrease until sulfide precipitation. Magnetite crystallization plays a critical role in the transition from oxidized magma to reduced porphyry, which would produce H₂S and subsequently react with chalcophile elements to precipitate sulfides. Mt4 occurs as veinlets which are formed related to later hydrothermal fluid. It has distinct binary plots such as Al vs Ti, Ga vs Zn, and (Ti + V) vs (Al + Mn), indicating a new pulse of fluid influx with higher temperature and fO₂ than the main mineralized stage fluid.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"181 ","pages":"Article 106587"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143851884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Malage skarn-type Sn-polymetallic deposit in the vast Gejiu ore field: New data on its age and form","authors":"Ying-Xing Zhu ,&nbsp;Pei Ni ,&nbsp;Ming-Sen Fan ,&nbsp;Jun-Yi Pan ,&nbsp;Wen-Sheng Li ,&nbsp;Zhi-Lin Cheng ,&nbsp;Jun-Ying Ding ,&nbsp;Jian-Ming Cui ,&nbsp;Zhao-Hui Li ,&nbsp;Yi-Han Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106612","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106612","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Malage skarn-type deposit in the world’s largest Gejiu Sn<strong>-</strong>polymetallic ore field contains ore bodies and associated skarns, which typically occurring near the contact zone between the granitic intrusions and the carbonate host rock. In this study, detailed textural analyses and chemical composition data of garnet, combined with U–Pb geochronology of different garnet generations and cassiterite, have been systematically investigated to constrain the evolution of hydrothermal fluids. Three generations of garnets (Grt I, Grt II, and Grt III) are detected in the deposit based on the petrographic characteristics. The U–Pb ages for Grt I, Grt II and Grt III are 81.8 ± 1.1 Ma, 81.1 ± 1.8 and 80.4 ± 2.0 Ma, while the cassiterite show more precise U–Pb age of 80.3 ± 0.2 Ma and 80.2 ± 0.5 Ma. This chronological coherence indicates these minerals formed during the same magmatic-hydrothermal event. Magnetite and hematite inclusions-bearing Grt I exhibits a right-skewed rare earth element (REE) pattern, with light REE/heavy REE (LREE/HREE) ratios (1.04–468.74) and negative Eu anomalies (0.06–0.26). Grt II shows a similar REE pattern, with high LREE/HREE ratios (1.03–416.99) and negative Eu anomalies (0.02–0.21). Grt III exhibits a relatively flat REE distribution, lower LREE/HREE ratios (0.48–25.96) and negative Eu anomalies (0.01–0.10). From Grt I to Grt III, the fluid with high temperature, oxygen fugacity and low fluid-rock transitioned into a fluid with low-oxygen fugacity and high fluid-rock ratio, thereby cooling the magmatic fluid with low-oxygen fugacity and high water–rock ratio. Futhermore, Sn precipitation occurs due to the early high temperature and oxygen fugacity fluid, and the high Sn content (644–16,920 ppm) in garnet may be associated with magma properties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"181 ","pages":"Article 106612"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143806855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geology, fluid inclusions, and H–O–S isotopes of the Yaozhuang Pb–Zn deposit in the Northern Qinling Belt, Central China","authors":"Xiaotong Zheng ,&nbsp;Jiangang Jiao ,&nbsp;Liandang Zhao ,&nbsp;Bin Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106601","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106601","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;The genetic relationship between distal Pb–Zn–Ag vein-type deposits and porphyry molybdenum systems in orogenic belts is ambiguous, especially for ore-forming fluid sources, metal transport mechanisms, and magmatic–hydrothermal process. This study combines field observations, fluid inclusions, and H–O–S isotopic analyses from the Yaozhuang Pb–Zn deposit in the Northern Qinling Belt, Central China, in which a concealed porphyry molybdenum-related granitic intrusion exists, to clarify the genetic link between Pb–Zn mineralization and the deeper porphyry system. The Pb–Zn orebodies are hosted in the Mesoproterozoic metamorphic marine volcanic rocks and clastic rocks. Alteration and mineralization of the Yaozhuang Pb–Zn deposit could be categorized: Quartz–pyrite–arsenopyrite stage (Stage I), quartz–calcite–polymetallic sulfide stage (Stage II), and calcite–quartz stage (Stage III). Stage I is defined by quartz–pyrite–arsenopyrite and quartz–pyrite veins. Pyrite typically exhibits subhedral to euhedral and was commonly altered or filled by later galena and sphalerite along its fractures. Stage II is featured by notable lead and zinc mineralization, with extensive sulfides such as pyrite, galena, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, and pyrrhotite, coexisting with quartz–calcite ± biotite ± sericite and generally occurring as veins. Locally, chalcopyrite and pyrrhotite of this stage can occur as droplets in sphalerite, indicating simultaneous formation with Pb–Zn mineralization. Stage III is characterized by calcite–quartz veins that commonly crosscut previous formed sulfide-bearing veins (Stage I and II), indicating they formed later than the main mineralization stage (Stage II). From Stage I to III, four types of fluid inclusions are observed: CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;-rich (LC-type), aqueous (W-type), CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;-rich (C-type), and multi-phase solid-bearing (S-type) fluid inclusions. The microthermometric result from different types of fluid inclusions at Yaozhuang indicates a decline on temperature and salinity from Stage I (peaks at ca. 400–445 °C, 7.0–9.0 and 10.5–12.0 wt% NaCl eqv.), through Stage II (peaks at ca. 265–295 °C and 5.0–5.5 wt% NaCl eqv.) to Stage III (peaks at ca. 145–175 °C and 0.5–1.5 wt% NaCl eqv.). The H–O isotopic compositions of Stage II quartz (δD&lt;sub&gt;fluid&lt;/sub&gt; = –96 ‰ to –80 ‰ and δ&lt;sup&gt;18&lt;/sup&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;fluid&lt;/sub&gt; = 4.9–5.4 ‰) indicate that fluids of this stage mostly originate from a magmatic–hydrothermal origin, but it was also injected by meteoric water, leading to fluid mixing. This inference is consistent with fluid evolution by temperature and salinity decreasing from Stage I to II. &lt;em&gt;In-situ&lt;/em&gt; sulfur isotopes of sulfides from Stage I and II are comparable (–3.6 ‰ to 6.4 ‰), also suggesting a predominant magmatic–hydrothermal origin. In combination of recent discovery of the concealed porphyry molybdenum-related granitic intrusion under the Yaozhuang area by comprehensive investigation including drill core verification a","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"181 ","pages":"Article 106601"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143824329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genesis of the Maweishan Pb–Zn deposit, eastern China and controls on the distribution and formation of sphalerite-hosted critical metal (Cd, Ga, and In) mineralization","authors":"Yue Li ,&nbsp;Feng Yuan ,&nbsp;Simon M. Jowitt ,&nbsp;Taofa Zhou ,&nbsp;Guangxian Liu ,&nbsp;Xunyu Hu ,&nbsp;Xiaohui Li ,&nbsp;Rulin Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106600","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106600","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Skarn-type Pb (lead)–Zn (zinc) polymetallic deposits are not only important sources of Pb and Zn but also critical metals such as Cd, In, Ge, and Ga. Significant numbers of skarn-type (or magmato-hydrothermal) Pb–Zn deposits have been identified within the Xuancheng ore district of the Middle and Lower Yangtze River metallogenic belt of eastern China. However, these Pb–Zn deposits are understudied compared to the well-documented porphyry-type Cu–Au, skarn-type Cu–W and Cu–Mo deposits within this district. In addition, the controls and nature of the deportment of critical metals within Pb–Zn deposits also remain poorly constrained, including identification of substitution processes and the sources of these metals within these Pb-Zn systems. The potential genetic link between the Maweishan deposit and the adjacent Qiaomaishan deposit also remains uncertain, with some research considering that the Maweishan deposit is a distal part of the Qiaomaishan skarn system whereas other research suggests that these are independent skarn systems. This study addresses these issues using new evidence of the timing of mineralization obtained by the in-situ U–Pb dating of the garnet from the Maweishan deposit. This garnet yields a well-defined lower-intercept U–Pb age of 132.3 ± 1.4 Ma, consistent with a zircon U–Pb age for the proximal Maweishan quartz diorite (132.4 ± 0.9 Ma). This, combined with the spatial relationships of alteration and mineralization within the deposit, strongly suggests that the proximal quartz diorite is genetically related to the formation of the Maweishan deposit and this deposit is not a distal manifestation of the Qiaomaishan skarn system. Sphalerite from the Maweishan deposit also contains high levels of the critical metals Cd [3480–5107 parts per million (ppm)], In (78.3–407 ppm) and Ga (22.4–348 ppm). The Cd&lt;sup&gt;2+&lt;/sup&gt; within this sphalerite was incorporated into the mineral lattice by direct substitution for Zn&lt;sup&gt;2+&lt;/sup&gt;, whereas the uniform concentrations of In&lt;sup&gt;3+&lt;/sup&gt; in all three types of sphalerites is indicative of incorporation by the adsorption or capture of homogeneous In nanoparticles. The Ga&lt;sup&gt;3+&lt;/sup&gt; within the Maweishan deposit was predominantly incorporated into sphalerite as a result of coupled substitution with Cu&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; replacing 2Zn&lt;sup&gt;2+&lt;/sup&gt;, with the Ag&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; + Ga&lt;sup&gt;3+&lt;/sup&gt; coupled substitution for 2Zn&lt;sup&gt;2+&lt;/sup&gt; also involved in the incorporation of Ga into the Sp2 sphalerite. The narrow range of sulfur isotopes (δ&lt;sup&gt;34&lt;/sup&gt;S from 4.9 ‰ to 8.3 ‰, average of 5.8 ‰) for sulfides within the Maweishan deposit combined with the new garnet trace element data and elemental maps presented in this study suggests that the metals and fluids that formed the Maweishan were primarily derived primarily from the proximal quartz diorite. These sulfur isotopic data also indicate that a small amount of metals or sulfur were derived from the surrounding country rocks. These data provide ","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"181 ","pages":"Article 106600"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143844955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genesis and exploration potential of gold deposits in Archean high-amphibolite facies metamorphic rocks of the Jiaodong Peninsula: Geological and geochemical constraints from the Majiayao gold deposit","authors":"Li-Gong Wang ,&nbsp;Li-Qiang Yang ,&nbsp;Wei Yang ,&nbsp;Yun-Bao Zhi ,&nbsp;Dong Xie ,&nbsp;Bin Sun ,&nbsp;Wen Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiu-Zhang Li ,&nbsp;Ying-Peng Wang ,&nbsp;Jin-Hui Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106596","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106596","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;The Jiaodong Peninsula, China, hosts the giant Jiaodong gold province, containing over 5,800 tonnes of proven gold resources. While 87% of these deposits reside in Mesozoic granites, the remaining 11% occur within Archean metamorphic terranes. Notably, the origin, enrichment processes, and genetic model of the Majiayao gold deposit the largest hosted in Archean metamorphic rocks, remain poorly constrained. This study comprehensively analyzes the deposit geology, fluid inclusions, isotopes, and trace elements of the Majiayao deposit, aiming at clarifying the genesis of the deposit and perfecting the overall genetic model of Jiaodong gold deposits.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;The Majiayao mineralization exhibited a four-stage sequence: (1) milky quartz-sericite, (2) quartz-pyrite, (3) quartz-siderite-polymetallic sulfide, and (4) quartz-carbonate. Detailed petrographic analyses identified three fluid inclusion types: H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O-CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;-NaCl ± CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; (Type I), CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; (Type II), and H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O-NaCl (Type III). Homogenization temperatures of fluid inclusions in the four stages (from early to late) ranged from 198-298 °C, 136–289 °C, 112–264 °C, and 139–179 °C, corresponding to salinities of 3.33–11.05 wt%, 2.77–12.51 wt%, 2.41–12.51 wt%, and 0.18–4.03 wt% NaCl equivalent. These data collectively suggest that the ore-forming fluids belong to a medium-temperature, medium–low salinity H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O-CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;-NaCl ± CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; system, enriched in CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; with minor CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;. This system evolved from medium to medium–low temperatures, shifting from CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;-rich to H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O-rich compositions, and from fluid immiscibility to fluid mixing. LA-ICP-MS analysis of pyrite revealed Au concentrations ranging from 0.008 to 12.909 ppm (median = 0.024 ppm) in Py2 and 0.025 to 2.330 ppm (median = 0.129 ppm) in py3. These results indicated extremely low invisible gold content associated with brittle deformation. The key mechanisms for gold mineralization were inferred to be sulfidation, characterized by the saturation and precipitation of abundant low-As pyrite and other sulfide minerals, alongside fluid phase separation.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Lead isotope compositions (&lt;sup&gt;206&lt;/sup&gt;Pb/&lt;sup&gt;204&lt;/sup&gt;Pb = 16.451–16.674, &lt;sup&gt;207&lt;/sup&gt;Pb/&lt;sup&gt;204&lt;/sup&gt;Pb = 15.211–15.353, &lt;sup&gt;208&lt;/sup&gt;Pb/&lt;sup&gt;204&lt;/sup&gt;Pb = 36.979–37.803) indicated that ore-forming materials likely originated from the lower crust. Compared to typical Jiaodong-type gold deposits, the Majiayao deposit exhibited similar fluid inclusion characteristics and H-O-S isotopic signatures, but with slightly lower mineralization temperatures, a narrower range of δ&lt;sup&gt;18&lt;/sup&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;H2O&lt;/sub&gt; values, and distinct lead isotope compositions. Compared to the depth of 5–9 km in Zhaoyuan-Laizhou gold belt, the Majiayao deposit displays a comparatively shallow estimated mineralization depth of 3.3–6.0 km, suggesting that the deep part of this region still has significant explor","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"181 ","pages":"Article 106596"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143792500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detecting mineralization via white mica spectral footprints: From field-based sampling to satellite hyperspectral remote sensing","authors":"Changjiang Yuan ,&nbsp;Jie Zhao ,&nbsp;Zhibo Liu ,&nbsp;Xuefei Liu ,&nbsp;Jie Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106588","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106588","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The utilization of shortwave infrared (SWIR) spectroscopy serves as a potent technique in mineral identification and hydrothermal alteration mapping, and spectral characteristics of some altered minerals have been indicators for targeting porphyry-epithermal deposits. Its application relies on acquiring ground/lab spectral data from surface and/or drill hole samples, with potential satellite remote sensing applications remaining more effort. In this study, the Duolong mineral district served as the test area for alteration mapping, spectral characterization, and mineral exploration. A spectral feature parameterization method and an exploration indication model were proposed based on the SWIR spectra and Gaofen-5 (GF-5) hyperspectral images. The results showed that the hydrothermally altered minerals in the Duolong mineral district are mainly composed of white mica, kaolinite, and chlorite, with minor amounts of sulphate and carbonate. The minerals exhibited characteristic alteration zoning patterns commonly observed in porphyry Cu systems, and there is a clear overlap between the zones. SWIR analysis conducted in the Gaerqin deposit, specifically revealed the spatial variation of both the position (Pos2200) and depth (Dep2200) of the Al-OH absorption feature in white mica surrounding the granodiorite porphyry. That is, the shorter Pos2200 (&lt; 2203 nm) and higher Dep2200 (&gt; 0.32) of white mica in the surface ring zone, the closer to the center. Meanwhile, the support vector regression (SVR) method was used to construct a deposit-scale spectral feature-based exploration indication model for white mica, incorporating the Pos2200 and Dep2200 parameters. Based on the spatial distribution of white mica derived from GF-5 imagery, this model facilitated the prediction of potential hydrothermal and/or mineralization centers, showing good correspondence with the known locations of magmatic rocks and ore deposits in the Duolong mineral district. This study demonstrates that integrating satellite remote sensing and mineral spectral measurement not only reveals the significance of white mica spectral footprints but also enhances the accuracy and convenience of remote sensing mineral exploration prospecting, thereby providing novel insights for future mineral exploration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"181 ","pages":"Article 106588"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143799945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}