Ore Geology Reviews最新文献

{"title":"Molybdenite Re-Os geochronology, pyrite in-situ trace element and sulfur isotope analysis of the Haigou gold deposit, Northeast China: Implications for the genesis of an intrusion-related lode gold deposit","authors":"Chenghao Ren ,&nbsp;Lujun Lin ,&nbsp;Hongxiang Jia ,&nbsp;Hui Chen ,&nbsp;Zhenshan Pang ,&nbsp;Yi Cao ,&nbsp;Yanwen Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106592","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106592","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Haigou gold deposit (&gt;40 tons Au), situated in eastern Jilin Province within the northeastern segment of the North China Craton (NCC), is one of the largest gold deposits in Northeast China. Hosted within a Paleozoic granitoid stock, the deposit undergoes four successive hydrothermal stages: (1) the pre-ore quartz-K-feldspar stage, (2) the early <em>syn</em>-ore quartz-pyrite stage, (3) the late <em>syn</em>-ore quartz-polymetallic sulfide-gold stage (the main ore-forming stage), and (4) the post-ore carbonate-quartz stage. To constrain the genesis of gold mineralization at Haigou, we conducted molybdenite Re-Os dating and in situ trace element and sulfur isotope analyses using laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). Three generations of pyrite are identified based on their textural and geochemical characteristics. Py1 (Stage I) occurs as euhedral grains with low trace element concentrations. Py2 (Stage II) displays dissolution textures and fragmented grains with distinct Co and Ni zoning patterns. Py3 (Stage III), co-precipitated with galena, chalcopyrite, and visible gold, is enriched in Au, Ag, Cu, Pb and Te, indicating crystallization from a metal-rich ore fluid. The geochemical trends observed provide valuable insights into the oxygen fugacity (<em>f</em>_O2) changes that controlled metal precipitation and pyrite formation throughout the evolution of the Haigou deposit. Sulfur isotope analyses show that the three pyrite generations have δ³⁴S values varying between <strong>−</strong>13.32 ‰ and 0.86 ‰, suggesting a primarily magmatic sulfur source with possible modification in an oxidizing environment. Combined LA-ICP-MS trace element data and sulfur isotope signatures indicate that the Haigou granitoid stock was the primary source of gold in the hydrothermal system. A molybdenite Re-Os age of 309.5 ± 4.1 Ma (weighted mean) constrains gold mineralization to late Paleozoic magmatism, coinciding with the subduction of the Paleo-Asian Ocean beneath the North China Block. Integrating geological, geochemical, and geochronological evidence, we classify the Haigou deposit as an intrusion-related lode gold system, representing a significant episode of late Paleozoic gold mineralization along the eastern margin of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB) and NCC.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"181 ","pages":"Article 106592"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143792502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A DFT study on mechanisms of indium absorption in sphalerite (100), (110), and (111) surfaces: Implications for critical metal mineralization","authors":"Fan Xiao ,&nbsp;Zongcong He ,&nbsp;Yi Zheng ,&nbsp;Suofei Xiong ,&nbsp;Qiuming Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106572","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106572","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As an important critical metal, indium (In) enters sphalerite through isomorphous substitution of Zn. Regarding crystallography and chemical kinetics, In adsorption in sphalerite surfaces is a key factor controlling its occurrence in sphalerite, because this is a prerequisite for triggering the substitution process. Nevertheless, mechanisms of In absorption in sphalerite surfaces remain ambiguous, which hinders our understanding of the physicochemical conditions for forming In-bearing sphalerite. Thus, we employed the first-principles calculations method based on density functional theory to investigate the structural characteristics of the three primary sphalerite surfaces, namely (100), (110), and (111), under In adsorption. As an illustrating purpose, we addressed the substitution process of In³⁺ + Cu⁺ → 2Zn²⁺, one of the most common and important substitution mechanisms for forming In-bearing sphalerite in natural mineralization. We calculated the adsorption energy and electronic structure of In³⁺ and In³⁺–Cu⁺ adsorption in the sphalerite (100), (110), and (111) surfaces, respectively. The results suggest that the (111) surface is notably the most conducive to In entering sphalerite, attributed to the low adsorption energy for both In³⁺ and In³⁺–Cu⁺ onto it. Cu⁺ enhances In³⁺ adsorption in the sphalerite surfaces due to it significantly reduces the adsorption energy. The considerable differences in the electronic structures of the three sphalerite surfaces restrict the charge transfer between In³⁺ and other atoms present, ultimately controlling their In adsorption behaviors. This analysis sheds light on the variations in the In³⁺ adsorption processes on the sphalerite (100), (110), and (111) surfaces at an atomic level. It offers a deep understanding of the mechanisms driving the formation of In-bearing sphalerite, especially in the context of critical metal mineralization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"181 ","pages":"Article 106572"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143792501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Constraining role of organic matter in P-U mineralization: A case study of the Bahuang uranium-rich phosphorus deposit in eastern Guizhou, China","authors":"Zhi Li ,&nbsp;Hong Xie ,&nbsp;Chenglong Yang ,&nbsp;Man Wang ,&nbsp;Changjian Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106589","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106589","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Phosphorus and uranium are both critical strategic mineral resources, and the potential for developing uranium-rich phosphorus ore deposits is considerable. However, research in this area remains relatively underexplored. The Lower Cambrian black rock series in Bahuang, eastern Guizhou, China, stands out due to its high concentrations of phosphorus, uranium, and organic matter, making it a representative phosphorus-rich deposit. This study investigates the role of microbial organic matter in the mineralization processes of phosphorus and uranium within uranium-rich phosphorite deposits, using the Bahuang deposit as a case study. A comprehensive geological survey was conducted, integrating petrographic analysis, major and trace element testing, rare earth element analysis, total organic carbon (TOC) content analysis, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) to systematically examine the geological characteristics, elemental geochemical properties, and biomarker compounds in the organic matter of the ore-bearing rock series. The results indicate that the primary ore minerals in the Bahuang uranium-rich phosphorite deposit are collophane, pitchblende, and uraninite. Pitchblende is absorbed by organic matter, while uraninite is predominantly found along quartz edges and fractures, suggesting a hydrothermal origin. Organic matter is mainly distributed in zones where collophane is concentrated, closely aligning with the spatial distribution of phosphorus and uranium. This organic matter primarily derives from low-grade eukaryotic aquatic organisms, such as algae, and is at a mature to highly mature stage, exhibiting significant degradation. As a result, the TOC content of the ore is reduced, and its correlation with phosphorus and uranium content is weak. The enrichment of phosphorus and uranium is not solely influenced by organic matter content but also by factors such as depositional environment, hydrothermal activity, and the maturity of the organic matter. The ore-bearing rock series formed under sub-reducing to reducing conditions, with significant influence from hydrothermal processes. The ore-forming materials primarily originated from the extraction of continental rift basalt (alkaline basalt and tholeiitic basalt) by hydrothermal fluids, followed by contributions from normal seawater. The phosphorus and uranium mineralization process unfolded in three stages: submarine exhalative activity, which served as the source of phosphorus and uranium; a rise in sea level, which facilitated the upwelling of these elements; and environmental hypoxia, which enabled the precipitation of phosphorus and uranium. During these stages, organic matter influenced the migration and precipitation of phosphorus and uranium in several ways: phosphorus was absorbed by low-grade marine organisms, such as algae, and migrated as phosphate colloids, which precipitated upon reduction by sulfur bacteria; UO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2+&lt;/sup&gt; was adsorbed and transpo","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"181 ","pages":"Article 106589"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143776943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Smectite as the lithium-rich mineral precursor: Key to lithium enrichment in claystone from Central Yunnan, Southwest China","authors":"Qin Ye ,&nbsp;Chongguang Luo ,&nbsp;Hanjie Wen ,&nbsp;Yu Chen ,&nbsp;Wenxiu Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106586","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106586","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Investigating Li-rich claystone associated with bauxite series holds significant potential for establishing a new type of sedimentary Li resource. Recent advancements in mineralogical and geochemical studies have provided foundational findings, yet the specific Li-bearing mineral remains controversial, impeding a comprehensive understanding of the Li enrichment processes. In this study, Li-rich claystone from the Early Permian Daoshitou Formation in the Xiaoshiqiao area in Central Yunnan, Southwest China, is examined to explore the mineralogical composition, Li distribution, and formation mechanism of Li-rich mineral. In-situ analyses reveal that cookeite (chlorite group) is the primary Li-rich mineral, characterized by an Al/Si atomic ratio in the range of 1.3 to 2 and the interplanar spacing (<em>d</em>₀₀₂) of approximately 14 Å. Other Li-bearing clay minerals, including kaolinite, Al-rich chlorite, and chamosite, have significantly lower Li contents compared to cookeite. HRTEM analysis identifies ∼24 Å layers and interstratified 14–10 Å layers within cookeite grains, indicating that cookeite transformed from primary smectite, and corrensite acting as an intermediate product during burial diagenesis. Notably, this study initially investigates the Li distribution in ooids within oolitic claystone, showing that Li is enriched in cookeite within ooids, whereas Al-rich chlorite in the surrounding matrix is Li-poor. This suggests that Li in cookeite is primarily inherited from the smectite precursor, rather than introduced through subsequent hydrothermal activity. This study concludes that Li-rich smectite precursors controlled the pre-enrichment of Li, and the transformation of smectite to cookeite during burial diagenesis stabilized the initially exchangeable Li.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 106586"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143747504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polymetallic mineralization in early Cambrian black shale: Insights from Guizhou, South China","authors":"Zhen Yang ,&nbsp;Jingwen Zhang ,&nbsp;Yong Fu","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106595","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106595","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>During the Early Cambrian period, black shale series were widely developed across the globe, with their distribution in China primarily concentrated in the South China. This region has revealed significant deposits of Ni-Mo, V, and barite associated with black shale, alongside varying concentrations of PGE, REE, and U. The Ni-Mo deposits are primarily located in the Hunan-Guizhou region, whereas V and barite deposits are mainly found in eastern Guizhou. Guizhou stands out as the most comprehensive area for the development of polymetallic deposits within Early Cambrian black shale. To enhance the understanding of sedimentation and mineralization processes in the Early Cambrian paleo-marine environment of South China, a systematic review of the metallogenic system related to Early Cambrian black shale in Guizhou has been conducted, based on existing geological surveys and theoretical research. Key findings include: (1) The types of minerals are closely linked to paleo-sedimentary facies, with Ni-Mo, V (Mo), and barite deposits corresponding to shelf, slope, and basin sedimentary environments, respectively. (2) The cores of anticlines and their adjacent wings are crucial for the enrichment of polymetallic elements. The Ni-Mo and V polymetallic layers are enriched within black shale, whereas the barite deposits are encased in siliceous rock or siliceous shale. (3) Volcanic activity has played a significant role in both sedimentary and metallogenic processes. It affects the formation of Ni-Mo, V and barite deposits in different degrees. This indicates that the formation of polymetallic deposits results from the combined effects of continental weathering, submarine hydrothermal activities, and biological processes, influenced by temporal and spatial variations. This comprehensive analysis not only sheds light on the complex interplay of geological factors leading to mineralization but also underscores the importance of regional geological settings in the formation of economically significant mineral deposits. This would not only contribute to a more holistic understanding of the region’s mineralization processes and their broader implications, but also holds a insightful significance for the study of the genetic mechanisms of global polymetallic deposits in black shales and the research on paleoclimate during the Early Cambrian period.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 106595"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143769008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metallic Mineral Resources: The Critical Components for a Sustainable Earth","authors":"Douglas J. Kirwin (Consultant Geologist)","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106578","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106578","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 106578"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143739779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Melt fluid evolution and ore-forming mechanism of the Murong superlarge single-vein pegmatite-type lithium deposit in western Sichuan, China","authors":"Qing Lei ,&nbsp;Guozhi Wang ,&nbsp;Fufeng Zhao ,&nbsp;Dabin Yue ,&nbsp;Na Li ,&nbsp;Yuzhen Fu ,&nbsp;yuanliang Yang ,&nbsp;Gang Liu ,&nbsp;Zhaoliang Hou","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106594","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106594","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;The Murong superlarge pegmatite-type lithium deposit is located in the Songpan–Ganze orogenic belt in western Sichuan, China, and is now the largest single-vein pegmatite-type lithium deposit in Asia. This paper analyzes the melt fluid evolution process, lithium enrichment, and mineralization mechanism of lithium-rich pegmatite by studying the types of inclusion assemblages, estimated capture temperatures and pressures, and inclusion compositions of spodumene and associated minerals in different zones of the pegmatite. The Murong pegmatite can be laterally divided into three zones: the felsic shell zone (Zone Ⅰ), the coarse-grained spodumene zone (Zone Ⅱ), and the felsic core zone (Zone Ⅲ). Spodumene mainly develops in Zone Ⅱ. This study reveals six types of inclusions in the Murong pegmatite: melt inclusions (T&lt;sub&gt;1-1&lt;/sub&gt;), melt–fluid inclusions (T&lt;sub&gt;1-2&lt;/sub&gt;), crystal–rich inclusions (T&lt;sub&gt;1-3&lt;/sub&gt;), CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;–NaCl–H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O system inclusions (T&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;), NaCl–H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O system inclusions (T&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;), and monophase CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; inclusions (T&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;). There are significant differences in the melt/fluid inclusion assemblages and the formation temperatures of inclusions in different zones. The overall trend is from melt inclusions + melt–fluid inclusions to crystal–rich inclusions to CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;–NaCl–H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O system inclusions and then to NaCl–H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O system inclusions, which records the complete process of pegmatite magma evolution from melt fluids to hydrothermal fluids, indicating a high degree of evolution of the pegmatite magma. During evolution from melt fluids to hydrothermal fluids, the composition system evolves from a high temperature (&gt;450 °C) lithium-rich phosphate-lithium-rich carbonate silicate system enriched with volatile components (F&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;, CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;, B) to a medium to high temperature (240–350 °C) lithium-rich phosphate–lithium-containing carbonate silicate system enriched with volatile components (CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;, B) and then to a medium to low temperature (&lt;300 °C) hydrothermal fluid system enriched with volatile components (CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;). The ore-forming process mainly occurred during decompression and cooling as melt fluids evolved into hydrothermal fluids, with pressures ranging from approximately 5 kbar to 1.5 kbar during mineralization. The ore-forming fluids evolved from a weakly alkaline environment in the early stage to an acidic environment in the late stage. Immiscibility is an important mechanism for promoting the precipitation of spodumene during the evolution of Murong pegmatite magma fluid. Compared with other pegmatite-type lithium deposits in the same tectonic belt, the extremely thin Zone Ⅰ (magmatic crystallization zone) and the absence of planar zoning in the study area suggest that the original magma, from which the pegmatite-type lithium deposits in the study area formed, may have been highly differentiated. The full-vein mine","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 106594"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143739777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Paleomagnetic dating and geological significance of the Uragen Zn–Pb deposit, Xinjiang, NW China","authors":"Yaxiaer Yalikun ,&nbsp;Danfeng Hou ,&nbsp;Matthew J. Brzozowski ,&nbsp;Amina Wumaier ,&nbsp;Yilihamujiang Tuniyazi ,&nbsp;Sudong Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106574","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106574","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Uragen Zn–Pb deposit, situated in the northwestern margin of Xinjiang’s Tarim Basin, China, resides within a geological setting shaped by a myriad tectonic movements since the Mesozoic era. This complex history has complicated the depositional environment of the Uragen Zn–Pb deposit, fueling ongoing debate surrounding its mineralization mechanisms and age. Consequently, an in–depth investigation into rock magnetism and paleomagnetism has become imperative. This study collected over four hundred samples from 23 distinct sites for magnetic analysis. Rock magnetism experiments identified magnetite and hematite as the primary carriers of magnetization. Paleomagnetic analysis, employing thermal and alternating demagnetization techniques, successfully isolated stable characteristic remanent magnetism (CHRM), yielding paleopoles situated at 81.7°N latitude and 131.0°E longitude, with dp = 4.6 and dm = 5.9. The age of the mineralizing event was determined to be 47.5 ± 3.5 Ma. Based on these new data, we suggest that the Uragen Zn–Pb deposit may have formed in response to the collision between the Indian and Eurasian plates, triggering an orogeny within the Tarim Basin. Subsequent activation and migration of fluids in the Kashi Sag, coupled with thermal or hydro–chemical interactions between ore–forming fluids in the Lower Cretaceous Kezilesu Group and protoliths, culminated in the deposition of mineralization, giving rise to the observed ore deposit.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 106574"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143759704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trace elemental systematics of auriferous sulfides within the dolerites of northern Cuddapah Basin, southern India: Implications for invisible gold mineralization","authors":"Ramesh Chandra Behera ,&nbsp;Sahendra Singh ,&nbsp;Shalivahan Srivastava ,&nbsp;K.S. Vijay Kumar ,&nbsp;N. Ramakrishna Reddy ,&nbsp;Anmol Barla ,&nbsp;Rohit Pandey","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106569","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106569","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the present work, the trace elemental systematics of the dolerite-hosted auriferous sulfides have been carried out to understand the nature of invisible gold mineralization within the northern part of Cuddapah Basin, southern India. The whole-rock geochemistry suggests that the dolerite is derived from a spinel peridotite mantle source and emplaced as a result of the intraplate magmatic activities. Within the dolerite, pyrite is the dominant phase associated with chalcopyrite and magnetite. Two types of pyrite phases are identified on the basis of their textures, i.e. Py1 and Py2. Py1 is anhedral to subhedral, whereas Py2 is euhedral. The Co/Ni ratio of Py1 and Py2 suggest their hydrothermal and volcanic origin, respectively. The gold vs arsenic plot indicates that gold occurs as solid solution within pyrite. Py1 is comparatively enriched in gold than Py2. Along with gold, other trace elements like As, Se, Ga, Ge, Sb, Te, and Ti are also present within these pyrite phases. The positive correlation of the gold with these trace elements indicates its solid solution nature. Py2 has a lesser content of gold than Py1, because of the higher ambient temperature. This work is the first report on the invisible gold occurrences within the dolerite hosted sulfides and provides new insights into the gold metallogeny of the northern Cuddapah Basin. The findings also contribute to the broader understanding of the trace elemental behavior in ore-forming processes, particularly in the context of invisible gold within sulfide minerals, which may have exploration implications in this region.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 106569"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143716094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics of ore-forming fluid and sources of ore-forming material in the Yangzhaiyu gold deposit, Xiaoqinling gold district","authors":"Tong Wu ,&nbsp;Jiajun Liu ,&nbsp;Emmanuel John M. Carranza ,&nbsp;Degao Zhai ,&nbsp;Ming Chang ,&nbsp;Chao Yin ,&nbsp;Dazhao Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106579","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106579","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Yangzhaiyu deposit is a large lode gold deposit in the Xiaoqinling region, along the southern margin of North China Craton, and it occurs mainly in the deep metamorphic gneiss series of the Taihua Supergroup. Researches based on petrography, micro-thermometry and Laser Raman analysis suggest that the homogenization temperature of ore-forming fluid was 216–346 ℃, the salinity was 6–8.7 %, with corresponding average density of 0.72–0.9 g/cm³. The ore-forming fluid was medium–high temperature, low salinity, CO₂-rich, and belonged to the CO₂–H₂O–NaCl system. From stages I to IV, the metallogenic temperature, salinity and pressure showed a decreasing trend. Fluid immiscibility may be the precipitation mechanism of native gold in the Yangzhaiyu gold deposit. The H–O isotopic values of fluids (δD_H2O = – 61 to – 51.8 ‰, δ¹⁸O_H2O = 2.7 to 6.9 ‰) in stage I to IV suggest that the ore-forming hydrothermal fluid may have been a multi-source mixed hydrothermal fluid such as metamorphic water, magmatic water and meteoric water, which was mainly derived from metamorphic water and magmatic water, meteoric water gradually added with the mineralization process. The He–Ar isotopic values of fluids (³He/⁴He = 0.63–1.2 Ra,⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar = 3978.6–5044.9) in stage I to IV suggest that the ore-forming fluid was a mixture of mantle source and crust source, mainly crustal source helium. With the progress of mineralization, the proportion of mantle source helium in the ore-forming fluid gradually decreases. The S isotopic values of sulfide (δ³⁴S_V-CDT = – 3.7 to 4.7 ‰, δ³⁴S_∑s = – 5.4 to 4.5 ‰) in stage I to IV suggest that δ³⁴S consistent with the characteristics of mantle-derived sulfur and the ore-forming sulfur may come from the Taihua Supergroup. The Pb isotopic values of sulfide (²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 17.015–17.158, ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 15.394–15.524, ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 37.481–37.91) in stage I to IV suggest that the ore-forming fluid was deep source mixed Pb from the mantle and the crust. The source of Pb in the deposit could be the Taihua Supergroup. The main mechanism of ore-forming fluid evolution was that the deep-source ore-forming fluid produced by crust-mantle interaction mixed with metamorphic hydrothermal fluid, meteoric water and other source fluids during upward migration in multiple stages during the whole ore-forming period. According to the geological, tectonic environment, fluid inclusions and isotopic data, combined with previous studies, the Yangzhaiyu gold deposit is considered as an orogenic gold deposit.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 106579"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143724169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}