Ore Geology Reviews最新文献

{"title":"Ridge subduction identified within the ancient Tianshan Ocean: Evidence from temporal variations of magmatism in the Tuwu-Yandong porphyry Cu belt, NW China","authors":"Yun-feng Wang ,&nbsp;Bing Xiao ,&nbsp;Shuqi Gao ,&nbsp;Wei Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106548","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106548","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Our knowledge of the many magmatic episodes and porphyry Cu belts north of the Kangguer Shear Zone in the Eastern Tianshan region is complicated by the ongoing controversy over the mechanism of the Tianshan Oceanic plate subducting during the Carboniferous epoch. Within the well-known Tuwu–Yandong porphyry Cu belt, we offer new zircon U–Pb dates, Hf isotopes, whole-rock geochemistry, and whole-rock Sr–Nd isotopes for granite porphyry, quartz diorite porphyry, and diorite. These findings shed light on I- and A-type granitoids as well as slab-derived adakites, offering fresh perspectives on the Tianshan Oceanic plate’s subduction process. The majority of the adakites are diorite and quartz diorite porphyry (334–331 Ma), which have low Y and Yb contents, high Sr concentrations, and higher Sr/Y ratios. These rocks yielded high positive zircon ε_Hf(t) values (+10.3 to +14.1) and whole-rock ε_Nd(t) (+6.8 to +7.5) values. The adakitic diorite is thought to originate from the melting of the oceanic slab, while the subsequent quartz diorite porphyry formed through fractional crystallization of the dioritic magma. The A-type granite porphyry (331 Ma) displays high contents of SiO₂ and Fe₂O₃^T, along with increased Zr concentrations and zircon saturation temperatures. This rock type also possesses zircon ε_Hf(t) (+10.5 to +11.8) and whole-rock ε_Nd(t) (+6.4 to +6.6) values, derived from the partial melting of the juvenile crust. The late I–type granite porphyry (322 Ma) is characterized by high SiO₂ and low P₂O₅ contents, as well as positive ε_Hf(t) values (+9.5 to +13.2) and whole-rock ε_Nd(t) values (+5.9 to +7.0). These rocks originated from the juvenile crust and underwent significant fractional crystallization. Our new data suggest that the ancient Tianshan Oceanic plate experienced a slab window during its northward subduction in the Carboniferous, creating a regional extensional setting. Through a detailed analysis of temporal variations in the regional magmatic rocks, we identified a distinguishable rock association of Nb-enriched, high-Mg, slab-derived adakites, and A-type rocks in the northern area of the Kangguer Shear Zone between 340 and 330 Ma. These rocks, along with the coeval regional porphyry Cu deposits, indicate the occurrence of a ridge subduction during that time.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 106548"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143654523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geochemistry of cassiterite and skarn minerals as indicators for formation mechanism and fluid evolution of the newly discovered Jinshui skarn tin deposit in the East Kunlun orogenic belt, NW China","authors":"Xing-Kai Zhang ,&nbsp;Shao-Yong Jiang ,&nbsp;Hui-Min Su ,&nbsp;Wei Wang ,&nbsp;Qinglin Xia ,&nbsp;Yunpeng Liu ,&nbsp;Shien Li","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106541","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106541","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Discovery of the Jinshui skarn-type tin deposit marked the first instance of a tin deposit to be uncovered in the central segment of the East Kunlun Orogenic Belt (EKOB) in northwestern China. To determine the timing of tin mineralization and elucidate the progression of the ore-forming hydrothermal system, we conducted geochronology of cassiterite and trace element analysis on various minerals hosted in skarn ores. The U–Pb dating results of the cassiterite indicate that tin mineralization took place at 392.9 ± 5.8 Ma, which closely aligns with the syenogranite emplacement at 396.1 ± 2.1 Ma in the Jinshui deposit. This correlation suggests a temporal link between tin mineralization and granitic magmatism. The deposit is characterized by two generations of cassiterite, with trace element analyses consistently showing that the dark cathodoluminescent cores have relatively high W and U concentrations, whereas the bright rims are enriched in Sc, Ti, V, Zr, In, and Hf. Additionally, the Zr/Hf ratios confirm that the syenogranite was the source of the ore-forming fluids. During the prograde skarn stage, the ore-forming fluids maintained an equilibrium closed system. Initially, the ore-forming fluid experienced reducing conditions, characterized by a low water-to-rock (W/R) ratio and a neutral to slightly alkaline pH. This fluid subsequently evolved into an oxidizing fluid with an elevated W/R ratio and an acidic pH. During the retrograde skarn stage, the fluid continued to exhibit high levels of oxygen fugacity. As the mineralization process progressed from the oxide stage to the quartz-cassiterite-sulfide stage, the presence of cassiterite indicates that the ore-forming fluid experienced two increases in oxygen fugacity, and this fluctuation may be attributed to the mixing of external fluids. The post-collisional extensional environment provided the tectonic background for the formation of the Jinshui tin deposit. Magmas derived from mantle sources ascended, and partial melting of the felsic crustal materials led to the formation of the Jinshui syenogranite after differentiation. Skarn-type tin deposits formed at the favorable locations of the contact between the granite body and the Sn-rich Jinshuikou Group.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"179 ","pages":"Article 106541"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143600929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma tandem mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS/MS) Rb-Sr sericite geochronology in orogenic gold deposits: Strategies and significance","authors":"Peng-Yue Yu ,&nbsp;Chao Li ,&nbsp;Jia-Nan Fu ,&nbsp;Jia-Yi Wang ,&nbsp;Ji-Hao Zhang ,&nbsp;Hao Zhang ,&nbsp;Hong-Yu Ren ,&nbsp;Hao-Cheng Yu ,&nbsp;Jian-Xiang Luo ,&nbsp;Zhi-Jun He ,&nbsp;Kun-Feng Qiu","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106543","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106543","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The challenge of determining the age of orogenic gold deposits has long been an issue due to the lack of suitable dating minerals. In recent years, the development of laser ablation inductively coupled plasma tandem mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS/MS) has made in-situ Rb-Sr dating of K-rich minerals possible. In gold deposits, K-rich minerals such as sericite are commonly present, providing excellent objects for in-situ Rb-Sr dating. However, since sericite can form during various geological processes, selecting the appropriate sericite to represent the age of gold mineralization is a challenging task. This study focuses on the Liba gold deposit in the West Qinling Orogen, hosted in metamorphosed sedimentary rocks, where sericite is widely developed. The sericite in the mining area is classified into three types based on petrographic and geochemical analysis. Type I hydrothermal sericite is large and euhedral, with the characteristic trace element composition of high B and low Ba, Sr, Sc, and V. Type II interfered sericite exhibits trace element contents that are always intermediate between the other two types. Type III metamorphic sericite is small and euhedral, characterized by low B and high Ba, Sr, Sc, and V. Based on differences in petrography and trace elements, Type I hydrothermal sericite can be identified as the end-member of ore-forming hydrothermal fluids. Type III regionally metamorphosed sericite represents the end-member of metamorphic hydrothermal fluids. Type II interfered sericite is a result of the mixing of these two end-member origins. The in-situ Rb-Sr age obtained from Type I hydrothermal sericite is 208.7 ± 4.3 Ma (n = 25, MSWD = 0.98), interpreted as the mineralization age. The age of Type III regionally metamorphosed sericite is 427 ± 44 Ma (n = 22, MSWD = 3.1), indicating the age of regional metamorphism in the strata. The age from Type II interfered sericite has a relatively large MSWD value, and its age ranges from 187 Ma to 485 Ma, indicating that Type II sericite is affected by a combination of hydrothermal and regional metamorphic processes. Type I hydrothermal sericite has a lower Sr isotope ratio of 0.7091 ± 0.0041, suggesting a crust source. Type III regionally metamorphosed sericite (0.7133 ± 0.0077) exhibit higher Sr isotope ratios, indicating stratigraphic source. From the perspective of Rb and Sr content and Rb/Sr ratio, samples with high Rb/Sr ratio (&gt;100) and low Sr content (&lt;20 ppm) are more suitable for dating. When the span of ⁸⁷Rb/⁸⁶Sr and ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr reaches 10 times and 1.5 times respectively, the dating error can reach less than 3 %. The development and application of LA-ICP-MS/MS Rb-Sr dating technology have addressed the challenges of dating gold deposits, providing new avenues for future geochronological research. This technique holds significant potential for advancements in the field of earth sciences.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 106543"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143621509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combined cassiterite, scheelite, and apatite U–Pb dating of Sn-Cu(W) mineralization events in the Dayishan ore field, South China","authors":"Hua Jiang ,&nbsp;Biao Liu ,&nbsp;Hua Kong ,&nbsp;Xinyu Luo ,&nbsp;Qianhong Wu ,&nbsp;Shefa Chen ,&nbsp;Nengwen Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106515","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106515","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Dayishan ore field, a significant Sn-polymetallic production area in South China, hosts a variety of tin deposits, including the Lvzi’ao Cu (−Sn) deposit, Zhimashan Sn-Cu deposit, Baishaziling Sn deposit, and Maozaishan Sn (−W) deposit. However, the genetic relationships between the Sn-Cu-W deposits and the Dayishan granitic complexes remain unclear. Here, we present the U–Pb ages from zircon, cassiterite, apatite, and scheelite obtained from different granites and ore types within the Dayishan ore field. The Sn metallogenic age was determined through cassiterite U–Pb geochronology, yielding ages between 150 Ma and 153 Ma, while the Cu metallogenic age was identified through apatite U–Pb dating at 153.5 Ma. These ages are consistent with the zircon U–Pb age of Dayishan granitic complexes (152.37 Ma). In contrast, scheelite U–Pb geochronology provided an age of 133.58 Ma, characterizing the W metallogenic age. Geochemical variations in apatite from diverse deposits reveal systematic trends in F, Cl, and S contents and Cl/F ratios and ∑REE + Y concentration. The range of Y/Ho ratios in apatite suggests that the ore-forming material source of Sn and Cu deposits originated from a shared magmatic-hydrothermal fluids in Dayishan granitic complexes. Similarly, variations in cassiterite Zr/Hf and Nb/Ta ratios, along with a increasing oxygen fugacity, indicate a progressive decline in fluid temperature as the mineralization evolved. In contrast, the W deposit appear to a distinct magmatic-hydrothermal system associated with a deep concealed pluton formed during the Cretaceous. This suggests that the Sn-Cu mineralization in the Dayishan ore field was derived from a shared magmatic-hydrothermal system, which underwent significant during fluid evolution. Multidisciplinary evidence supports the existence of two stages of superimposed composite mineralization in Dayishan ore field, early Sn-Cu metallogenic stage was followed by a later W metallogenic stage, with the latter superimposed on the former, which together form multiple types of Sn-Cu(W) deposits in Dayishan granitic complexes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"179 ","pages":"Article 106515"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143593929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tourmaline compositions trace the sources of metals in the Tangziwa Sn-Cu deposit, Gejiu ore district, China","authors":"Rong Xu ,&nbsp;Rolf L. Romer ,&nbsp;Jun Deng","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106535","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106535","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Major Sn-Cu deposits in the Gejiu ore district are genetically related to granitic intrusions. As Sn and Cu are lost during magma evolution in oxidized and reduced systems, respectively, they do not enrich together in the same magma. Therefore, the formation of Sn-Cu deposits in magmatic systems is debated. In particular, it is unclear whether Cu was added during late-stage magma evolution or after the crystallization of the magma. We address this question by analyzing tourmaline from the Tangziwa Sn-Cu deposit. The uniform B isotopic compositions of tourmaline (δ¹¹B = −16.61 to −14.45 ‰) indicate that it crystallized from granitic melts or magmatic hydrothermal fluids. The chemical compositions of tourmaline track the evolution of fluids and melts from which tourmaline crystallized and record the availability of compatible elements. Tourmaline has high Sn contents, which shows that Sn was abundant in the melt. In contrast, the Cu contents in toumaline (less than 15 ppm) are low as for typical Sn-rich granites and much lower than in tourmaline from Cu-rich magmas that form Cu-Mo-Au porphyry deposits (Cu contents in such tourmaline may reach ∼1000 ppm). This implies that the granitic melts from Tangziwa had low Cu contents and these melts could not be the source of Cu in the deposit. Our data demonstrate that Cu was introduced after crystallization of tourmaline, possibly by the same fluid that resulted in extensive alteration of the granitic rocks and the mobilization of Sn from magmatic minerals to form alteration, skarn, vein, and sulfide type Sn deposits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 106535"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143621507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genesis of the Ganfang Li-Rb-Cs-Be-Ta-Sn rare metal deposit: Evidence from geochemistry, geochronology, and Nd isotopes","authors":"Yiting Zhu ,&nbsp;Xiaofeng Li ,&nbsp;Chunzeng Wang ,&nbsp;Xinglin Wei ,&nbsp;David R. Lentz","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106545","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106545","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rare metal deposits are generally associated with highly fractionated granites with unique geochemical signatures and the mineralization is controlled by composition of magmas, degree of magma fractionation, and magmatic-hydrothermal processes. The Ganfang rare metal deposit, located in Jiangxi Province, south China, is hosted within a strongly peraluminous, P and F-rich S-type rare-metal granite pluton (the Ganfang composite granite pluton) of Early Cretaceous age in the Jiuling Neoproterozoic granitic batholith. The pluton comprises two-mica monzogranite, topaz-bearing muscovite-albite granite, and felsite (locally aplitic) dikes. The topaz-bearing muscovite-albite granite is highly enriched in Li, Ta, Sn, Nb, Be, Rb, and Cs, while the felsite displays ultra-high enrichment of P, Li, Cs, Rb, Be, W, Sn, Nb, and Ta. The cassiterite U–Pb (137–140 Ma), monazite U–Pb (∼140 Ma), and muscovite Ar–Ar (140–142 Ma) ages indicate a coeval magmatic association for the pluton. Nd isotopic compositions indicate magmatic origination in the Late Paleoproterozoic metasedimentary basement. However, the significant differences in contents of SiO₂, Al₂O₃, Li₂O, P₂O₅, Rb₂O, Cs₂O, and F among these three components suggest unlikely a single parental magma source. The columbite minerals in the topaz-bearing muscovite-albite granite show complex replacement textures and unique chemical composition, suggesting involvement of locally Ta-saturated magma and melt-fluid metasomatism during the magma evolution process. The felsite shows high F (up to 1 wt%), P₂O₅ (up to 1.2 wt%), and Li₂O (up to 1.5 wt%), indicating that the magma sequestered a large quantity of incompatible elements and ascended rapidly through the melt column to its emplacement level. In summary, enrichment of source magmas with rare metals, extreme fractionation, and melt-fluid metasomatism are the key factors in controlling genesis of the Ganfang Li-Rb-Cs-Be-Ta-Sn deposit.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"179 ","pages":"Article 106545"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143580269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidote geochemistry of the Chating porphyry Cu-Au deposit, eastern China: Metallogenic and exploration implications for porphyry Cu deposits associated with carbonate wall rocks","authors":"Qingling Xiao ,&nbsp;Taofa Zhou ,&nbsp;Noel C. White ,&nbsp;Shiwei Wang ,&nbsp;Jin Liu ,&nbsp;Xuanxuan Li","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106546","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106546","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Epidote is one of the main alteration minerals in propylitic alteration, and its mineral chemistry has been shown to provide vectors to assist in exploration for hidden arc-related porphyry copper deposits hosted in volcanic rocks. However, it is unknown whether the same vectors are applicable in exploration for porphyry deposits hosted in carbonates. Chating copper–gold deposit in the Middle Lower Yangtze River Metallogenic Belt of eastern China is a porphyry deposit associated with limestone wall rocks. We systematically analyzed epidote associated with Chating deposit, using EMPA and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS), to assess the factors controlling epidote geochemistry and the effectiveness of epidote chemistry as a vector in porphyry deposit which hosts in carbonates.</div><div>The petrographic study showed that there are three types of epidote in Chating: Ep1 (vein type), Ep2 (replacing magmatic minerals such as plagioclase and amphibole), and Ep3 (replacing skarn minerals such as garnet). All are hosted in the ore bearing quartz diorite porphyry. The major and trace element analysis results show that epidotes in Chating are enriched in Ca, Mn, Zn, Mg, P, Ti, Sr, As and Sb, with higher Ca and Al in Ep3 than in Ep1 and Ep2, and all epidotes are depleted in Cu, Au, Mo and Ag. Epidote chemistry in Chating varies with distance to the ore deposit center, with As, Sb, Pb, Ca and Al high distal from the deposit, whereas Fe, Sn and Fe/Al ratios are low. However, Mn, Zn, Cu and Au, which have proven to be effective vectors in subduction porphyry deposits, did not show systematic spatial variations. We suggest that epidote chemistry in Chating is controlled by several factors, including fluid composition, temperature, oxygen fugacity and the degree of fluid-rock interaction. The dominant factors that resulted in the restricted scale of propylitic alteration, and differences in the spatial trend of elements in epidote between Chating and subduction related porphyry deposits is the wall rock lithology and the degree of fluid-wall rock interaction. The spatial trends of As, Sb, Pb, Ca, Al, Fe, and Sn, and the content of Cu, Au and Mo in Chating epidote can also provide vectoring and fertility information, with potential to be applied in exploration for carbonate hosted porphyry deposits elsewhere.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"179 ","pages":"Article 106546"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143600637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sn and W mineralisation in the Iberian Peninsula","authors":"Emma Losantos ,&nbsp;Iñigo Borrajo ,&nbsp;Iván Losada ,&nbsp;Lluís Boixet ,&nbsp;José M. Castelo Branco ,&nbsp;Fernando Tornos","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106542","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106542","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper provides a comprehensive review and a refined classification of Sn-W mineralisation in the Iberian Peninsula, based on an extensive review of the available literature. The study synthesises and clarifies previously published information to improve the understanding of the mineralisation processes and their tectonic and magmatic controls. The Sn and W mineralisation in the Iberian Peninsula exhibit a strong correlation with specific granitic suites primarily formed during the late to post-Variscan orogeny. Structural controls, particularly syn- to late-D₃ strike-slip and/or extensional structures developed during the tectonic regime of the late Variscan, appear to be pivotal to facilitate the emplacement of this water-rich granitic magmas, that otherwise would have stalled at deeper environments, and the development of extensive hydrothermal systems. Two main mineralisation styles are identified: Sn-(Nb-Ta-Li) mineralisation under lithostatic pressure conditions, characterised by disseminated cassiterite in some pegmatites and altered granitic cupolas; and Sn-(Nb-Ta-Li) and W-(Sn) deposits formed at shallower levels within the brittle regime. The Sn-(Nb-Ta-Li) mineralisation is primarily associated with S-type granitic intrusions, while the W-(Sn) mineralisation also tends to be linked to these granitic suites, although several W-rich but Sn-poor deposits appear related to I-type granitoids. The metal enrichment in these magmas is likely due to a combination of inheritance from the source of the protoliths and magmatic evolution processes. The observed decoupling between Sn-rich and W-poor deposits versus W-(Sn)-rich deposits suggests contrasting behaviours of W and Sn during magmatic transport, the magmatic-hydrothermal transition, and the subsequent hydrothermal transport and deposition. Both types of deposits likely represent different settings and/or stages within a single magmatic-hydrothermal system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"179 ","pages":"Article 106542"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143609698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sedimentary and ore-forming characteristics of uranium mineralization in the Shizigou formation from the Southwest Qaidam Basin, Northwest China","authors":"Ya-qi Huang ,&nbsp;Ming-qian Wu ,&nbsp;Jian-wen Yang ,&nbsp;Xue-ming Teng ,&nbsp;Cong Ao ,&nbsp;Germain Kaningu Bishikwabo ,&nbsp;Kun-feng Qiu","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106534","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106534","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The sandstone-type uranium deposits are the dominant source of uranium in China. The Qaidam Basin, the largest inland sedimentary basin from the Chinese northern Tibetan Plateau, is shaped by various tectonic processes from the surrounding East Kunlun, Altyn, and Qilian orogenic belts, and is characterized by uranium mineralization and enrichment of petroleum. The Shizigou Formation is identified as one of the U-bearing strata in the Qigequan area. We present a case study at the Qigequan area in the southwestern edge of the Qaidam Basin, to investigate the governing factors for anomalous uranium enrichment in this stratum. U-Pb dating of detrital zircon from sandstones of the Shizigou Formation reveales two age peaks at 450 Ma and 260 Ma, respectively. The zircon CL images suggest that the majority of zircon grains assessed are magmatic origin, though some show complex core-rim texture, irregular shape core with overgrowth domains, patched zoning and sector zoning, indicating a metamorphic origin. The bimodal age distribution, textures, and REE distribution of the selected detrital zircon grains all indicate that the sedimentary source of the Shizigou Formation originated from the Qimantagh area (East Kunlun). The paleoclimate proxies, namely the Sr/Cu, Sr/Ba, V/Sc, V/Cr, and Fe³⁺/Fe²⁺ values, combined with the chemical index of alteration (CIA) and index of compositional variation (ICV) reveal that the Shizigou Formation was formed in a relatively arid and oxidized environment that suffered a low degree of chemical weathering, which provides condition for the transportation of U-bearing ore-forming fluids. The escaping organic matters in the underlying strata act as reducing materials that control the precipitation of uranium-complexes in ore-forming fluids. On the other hand, the surrounding strata containing the source rocks and hydrocarbon make an effective barrier for the uranium orebodies to be preserved. The source of ore-forming materials, sedimentary environment and organic matters have made significant contributions to the uranium mineralization in the southwest Qaidam Basin.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"179 ","pages":"Article 106534"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143580309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molybdenite Re-Os and zircon U-Pb geochronology, Lu-Hf isotope and geochemistry constraints on the genesis of the Jinxi Cu deposit, southern Fujian, South China","authors":"Chenghao Ren ,&nbsp;Yandong Sun ,&nbsp;Qunmao Zhou ,&nbsp;Hongquan She ,&nbsp;Maohong Chen ,&nbsp;Dongsheng Wang ,&nbsp;Baoliang Li","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106544","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106544","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Jinxi Cu deposit, situated on the southeastern margin of the Cathaysian Plate within the Shanghang-Yunxiao tectonic-magmatic metallogenic belt, is a medium-sized deposit discovered in the region in recent years. This study employs molybdenite Re-Os and zircon U-Pb dating, along with Lu-Hf isotopic and whole-rock geochemical analyses, to elucidate the rock-forming and ore-forming processes, as well as the genesis of the Jinxi deposit. The results show that the granodiorites related to mineralization in the mining area belong to the high-potassium calc-alkaline series, characterized by high K₂O levels, low SiO₂, and low TiO₂ concentrations. Analysis of rare earth elements (REE) and trace elements reveals that the granodiorites are enriched in light rare earth elements (LREE) and exhibit weak negative Eu anomalies. Integrating these findings with evidence from related research, the granodiorites of the Jinxi Cu deposit can be reasonably classified as I-type granites. Zircon Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (LA − ICP − MS) dating of the granodiorites yields an age of 104.2 ± 0.4 Ma. The zircon ε_Hf(<em>t</em>) values for the granodiorites range from −2.49 to 1.58, with two-stage model ages (<em>T</em>_DM2) ranging from 1.08 to 1.32 Ga. Re − Os isotopic dating of molybdenite samples yields an isochron age of 104.6 ± 3.7 Ma for the ore bodies, indicating that the formation of the Jinxi Cu deposit during the late Yanshanian period is primarily associated with the emplacement of intrusive rocks. Integrating field observations, wall-rock alteration characteristics, geochronological data, and isotopic analyses, the Jinxi deposit is identified as a high- to medium-temperature magmatic-hydrothermal vein-type copper deposit. The formation of the Jinxi granodiorite and its associated mineralization is attributed to the subduction of the Paleo-Pacific Plate along the southeastern coastal region during the late Early Cretaceous period (110–90 Ma).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 106544"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143686013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}