Ore Geology Reviews最新文献

{"title":"Sources and enrichment processes of rare earth elements and yttrium in fish bones from deep-sea sediments: A study from the Wake Seamounts area in the western North Pacific Ocean","authors":"Ying-Jing Wang ,&nbsp;Xuefa Shi ,&nbsp;Mu Huang ,&nbsp;Yue Xu ,&nbsp;Ningjing Hu ,&nbsp;Aimei Zhu ,&nbsp;Dongjie Bi ,&nbsp;Xisheng Fang ,&nbsp;Yan Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106809","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106809","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fish bones (bio-phosphate) are the primary carrier of rare earth elements (REE) and yttrium (Y), collectively termed REY, in deep-sea sediments. However, the specific processes that contribute to the enrichment of REY in bio-phosphate remain unclear. In this study, we perform integrated analyses of sediments and individual minerals of bio-phosphate along the core profile of a sediment column, numbered GC12, which was retrieved from the western North Pacific Ocean. We find that strontium (Sr) and neodymium (Nd) isotopes of bio-phosphate offer a comprehensive and detailed understanding of REY sources and enrichment processes. Living fish absorbs Sr from seawater into their bones. After death, when bones settle down through the water column, they begin to absorb REY from seawater, which are released by dissolved volcanic ash. When bones settle down on the seafloor, at the initial stage of diagenesis (depths &lt; 100 cmbsf), they preferentially absorb Sr relative to REY due to the locally high Sr concentrations created by the rapid dissolution of volcanic ash. At the advanced stage of diagenesis (depths &gt; 100 cmbsf), where volcanic ash is exhausted, the enrichment of REY in bones occurs through replacing Sr derived from volcanic ash with REY from the dissolution of terrigenous debris. Furthermore, we find the sorting effect caused by abrupt changes in sedimentary conditions may enhance the accumulation of bio-phosphate in sediments, promoting the enrichment of REY in sediments. The findings of this study may broaden the application of bio-phosphate in marine geoscience.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"185 ","pages":"Article 106809"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144738717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Targeting potential cobalt deposits through integration of helicopter-borne magnetic and stream sediment data: Insights from the Bou Azzer Inlier, Central Anti-Atlas, Morocco","authors":"A. Bajadi ,&nbsp;M. Ouchchen ,&nbsp;D. El Azzab ,&nbsp;L. Achkouch ,&nbsp;B. Dadi ,&nbsp;E.H. Abia ,&nbsp;B. Sadeghi","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106807","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106807","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The study was conducted in the Bou Azzer-El Graara inlier, located in the Central Anti-Atlas chain of Morocco. It is based on a methodological approach aimed at deducing the structural framework of the region and establishing the spatial distribution of geochemical associations to map areas with high cobalt potential. To achieve this, a comprehensive analysis of helicopter-borne magnetic and stream sediment geochemical data was carried out. The magnetic data included the residual magnetic field map (RMI) and the reduced-to-pole map (RTP), which were used for lithological analysis. These maps helped with identifying magnetic anomalies, some of which are associated with the Bou Azzer ophiolitic complex that hosts cobalt mineralization. Additionally, the tilt derivative (TDR) and CET transformation were applied for structural purposes, enabling the mapping of magnetic lineaments oriented WNW-ESE, NE-SW, and E-W. A depth estimation map of magnetic sources was also produced using the Euler deconvolution method (ED), revealing depths ranging from 60 m to 5900 m. Stream sediment geochemical data were processed using factor analysis, further refined by the GMPI method. This approach identified three main geochemical associations: first association: Co-As-Au-Cu, second association: Ni-Cr, and third association: Fe. An in-depth analysis of the results using fuzzy logic was carried out on the metallotects of cobaltiferous mineralizations, highlighting a significant correlation between structural complexity and the spatial distribution of geochemical anomalies. This modeling, presented as a mineral prospectivity map, led to the identification of five potential zones for the discovery of new cobaltiferous occurrences. This validation underscores the relevance and efficiency of the methods applied in mineral exploration within the region.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"185 ","pages":"Article 106807"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144756701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Low-H2O zircons record fluid saturation-exsolution and formation of fertile porphyries in the Yulong mineralization Belt, southeast Tibet” [Ore Geol. Rev. 184 (2025) 106773]","authors":"Ying Luo ,&nbsp;Xiao-Ping Xia ,&nbsp;Ze-Xian Cui ,&nbsp;Chuan-Mao Yang ,&nbsp;Xue-Ping Yang ,&nbsp;Jian-Lin Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106818","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106818","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"185 ","pages":"Article 106818"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144865591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Late Triassic gold mineralization in the Buziwan breccia pipe (North China Craton): Integrated geochronology reveals magma-driven hydrothermal system and tectonic transition during cratonic reactivation","authors":"Wenjun Jin ,&nbsp;Yanpeng Zhang ,&nbsp;Ziyan Wang ,&nbsp;Nan Chao ,&nbsp;Youye Zheng ,&nbsp;Xin Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106816","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106816","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Buziwan gold deposit, a breccia pipe-hosted deposit with proven reserves exceeding 10 tonnes Au, represents a distinct type of mineralization within the intracontinental North China Craton (NCC). Despite its economic significance, the precise timing of hydrothermal mineralization remains contentious, with proposed ages ranging from Late Triassic to Cretaceous. This critical uncertainty has hindered the development of definitive genetic models that link ore formation, breccia pipe evolution, and the regional tectonic setting. To resolve this geochronological dilemma, we present an integrated investigation combining field geological survey, ore microscopy, and advanced in-situ geochronology (sericite Rb-Sr and monazite U-Pb), complemented by Nd isotope systematics. Gold mineralization predominantly occurs as sulfide-quartz-sericite veinlets within the breccia pipe matrix, spatially constrained by an E-W striking main fault zone. Microscopic analysis reveals gold as native grains within sulfides, paragenetically associated with sericite, quartz, and monazite. Monazite exhibits weak negative Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu* = 0.49–0.81) and low Th concentrations (&lt;0.38 wt%), confirming its hydrothermal genesis. High-precision U-Pb dating of monazite yields weighted mean ages of 227 ± 4 Ma and 227 ± 3 Ma, statistically consistent with the emplacement age of a concealed monzonite porphyry (229 Ma) within the breccia complex and the sericite Rb-Sr age (224 ± 13 Ma). This robust geochronological congruence establishes a genetic continuum between magma emplacement, breccia pipe formation, and gold mineralization during the Late Triassic. Hydrothermal monazite εNd(t) values are similar to those of the monzonite porphyry whole-rock samples, confirming ore-forming fluids exsolved from the crystallizing felsic magmas. These fluids migrated along breccia-conduit networks, precipitating sulfides via fracture-filling. Tectonically, this 228–224 Ma metallogenic event coincides with incipient lithospheric thinning and post-collisional relaxation of the NCC following the closure of the Paleo-Asian Ocean. We propose that gold mineralization was dynamically modulated by the Triassic tectonic transition from compressional orogeny to extensional collapse along Precambrian microcontinental margins – a regime characterized by high heat flow and a thinned lithosphere. This model not only reconciles the spatiotemporal association between auriferous breccia pipes and coeval igneous suites but also provides exploration vectors for concealed deposits in cratonic reactivation zones.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"185 ","pages":"Article 106816"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144724354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Episodic late Triassic and early Cretaceous gold mineralization events and associated tectonothermal processes in the Youjiang basin, SW China: Evidences from hydrothermal rutile and quartz inclusions","authors":"Yu Miao ,&nbsp;Wenchang Li ,&nbsp;Wei Gao ,&nbsp;Ye Zhou ,&nbsp;Jiasheng Wang ,&nbsp;Cong Li ,&nbsp;Hongwei Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106817","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106817","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Youjiang basin in southwestern China represents a world-class gold province hosting structurally controlled, disseminated gold deposits, such as the pyroclastic-hosted Bieli and Dixu deposits. The high-Ti concentrations in Emeishan basalts and associated ore-hosting pyroclastic rocks facilitated extensive hydrothermal rutile formation, providing critical constraints on regional mineralization age and fluid provenance. High-precision U-Pb dating of <em>syn</em>-ore hydrothermal rutile constrains two discrete mineralization episodes: a late Triassic event (Dixu: 213.4 ± 13.6 Ma) and an early Cretaceous event (Bieli: 138.4 ± 3.5 Ma). These ages establish a unified basin-scale spatiotemporal framework and demonstrate that the late Triassic mineralization represents a regional-scale tectonothermal event rather than a localized hydrothermal process. Integrated hydrothermal rutile geochemistry, <em>syn</em>-ore fluid inclusion petrography and microthermometry, and H-O isotope systematics reveal these mineralizing systems exhibit fundamentally distinct fluid characteristics: main-ore stage fluid inclusions in Bieli show lower δ¹⁸O_H2O values (mean 9.06 ‰) and higher salinity (mean 6.69 wt% NaCl eq.), with W-REE-enriched rutile containing sericite micro-inclusions, whereas Dixu displays higher δ¹⁸O_H2O (mean 10.2 ‰) and lower salinity (mean 5.49 wt% NaCl eq.), with Zr-Nb-enriched rutile containing monazite and zircon micro-inclusions. These results reveal the late Triassic mineralization is resulted from mixing between magmatic fluids and deep-circulating fluids with metamorphic basement contribution, whereas the early Cretaceous mineralization preserving a dominant magmatic signature with subordinate metamorphic component inputs. These differences could be attributed to contrasting geodynamic regimes related to major tectonic processes at the margin or in the far-field of the basin. This study establishes hydrothermal rutile as a reliable chronometer and fluid tracer, and highlighting how the compressional-to-extensional tectonic transition reorganized fluid sources and pathways in the Youjiang basin.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"185 ","pages":"Article 106817"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144738716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of Short-Wave Infrared spectroscopy (SWIR) on hydrothermal chlorite in the Tongshan porphyry Cu-Mo deposit, Heilongjiang","authors":"Ran Bi ,&nbsp;Fangyue Wang ,&nbsp;Junkang Zhao ,&nbsp;Kexin Zhang ,&nbsp;Jiaqi Wu ,&nbsp;Yusong Liu ,&nbsp;Yonghong Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106775","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106775","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Short-Wave Infrared spectroscopy (SWIR) is widely used in the study of the mica-type minerals such as muscovite, phengite, phlogopite, and paragonite for mineral exploration. However, for dark-colored mineral chlorite, which is also a common hydrothermal mineral in most magmatic-hydrothermal systems, there are fewer key indicators available. This study performed a systematic SWIR analysis on four ∼2000 boreholes, along the newly discovered Ore Body V in the Tongshan porphyry Cu-Mo deposit. Systematic petrographic observations were conducted and the four boreholes here are primarily composed of andesitic tuff and porphyritic andesite of the Duobaoshan Formation. No distinct alteration mineral zoning was observed, with chloritization is widespread in the shallow part, accompanied by minor epidotization and carbonation (i.e. chlorite with small amount of sericite-epidote-calcite), while the ore body in the deeper part of the cores exhibits chloritization, silicification, chalcopyrite alteration, and pyritization (i.e. chlorite-sercite-chalcopyrite-pyrite). No porphyritic intrusions or large-scale potassic alteration related to copper mineralization were found in Ore Body V. SWIR analysis revealed that at the “Tongshan” fault, the absorption peak of Fe-OH in chlorite decreases from ∼2255 nm to ∼2253 nm. After evaluating the interference of epidote, the “SWIR-IC” of chlorite exhibits a linear decreasing trend with borehole depth both before and after the fault, dropping from approximately 1.4 to below 1.0, and found it may indicate the formation temperature. This trend of chlorite undergoes significant changes near the “Tongshan” fault, shifting from approximately 0.8 to 1.2 before and after the fault, further confirming the presence of the “Tongshan” fault. Data coupling and correlation analysis conducted through programming showed the “SWIR-IC” is negatively correlated with copper grade, further supports the genetic link with temperature. Based on the linear variation characteristics, combined with the engineering data of the boreholes, this study infers that the slip distance of the “Tongshan” fault on Ore Body V is ∼570 m. Our study shows that chlorite SWIR spectral analyses have the great potential to provide new insights into porphyry copper deposits, and can provide indication information such as temperature and copper grade for exploration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 106775"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144841971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Apatite and REE minerals petrochronology and Sr-Nd isotopic signatures: Age and hydrothermal evolution in the formation of the Mengya’a skarn deposit, eastern Nyainqêntanglha belt, Xizang","authors":"Xiaojia Jiang ,&nbsp;Xiaodan Lai ,&nbsp;Youye Zheng ,&nbsp;Xin Chen ,&nbsp;Shunbao Gao ,&nbsp;Hao Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106806","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106806","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Skarn Pb-Zn deposits are important sources of lead, zinc, and other rare dispersed metals. However, determining the origins and evolution of ore-forming fluids, as well as the timing of mineralization associated with Pb-Zn mineralization, remains challenging. Apatite and rare earth minerals, commonly found in a variety of ore deposits, offer valuable insights into the genesis of these deposits. This study presents detailed textures, high-precision in-situ U-Pb geochronology, element chemistry, and Sr-Nd isotopic analyses of multistage hydrothermal apatites from the Mengya’a Pb-Zn polymetallic deposit. Combined with U-Pb dates of coexisting rare earth minerals, these data allow us to precisely constrain the timing of mineralization and reconstruct the evolutionary history of the ore-forming fluids. Hydrothermal apatites are classified into four types based on mineral assemblages, CL imaging, and trace element compositions: Ap1 (early retrograde stage, with epidote), Ap2 (early retrograde stage, with fluorite), and Ap3-1 core and Ap3-2 rim (late retrograde stage, with sulfides and rare earth minerals). The lower intercept age of Ap1 (∼54.4 Ma), which aligns with the ages of coexisting monazite, xenotime, and parisite, suggesting that the deposit formed during the early Eocene main collision orogeny, challenging previous hypotheses of a Miocene or Paleocene origin. The variation in element chemistry and Sr-Nd isotopes provides evidence for the contributions of both magma and wall rock to ore formation. Ap1 exhibits high ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios (0.7329–0.7439) and ε_Nd(t) values (−17.2 to −10.9), consistent with derivation from the ancient Lhasa terrane or sedimentary strata, indicating a significant contribution of the wall rock. The influx of magmatic-hydrothermal fluids is reflected in the weakened negative Eu anomalies of Ap2 (Eu/Eu* = 0.22–0.42), the increased Sr concentrations in Ap3-1 (320–2139 ppm), and the left-leaning REE patterns of Ap3-2 (LREE/HREE = 0.20–0.08). The variation in ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios (0.7168–0.7274 for Ap2, 0.7278–0.7301 for Ap3-1, 0.7194–0.7217 for Ap3-2) and ε_Nd(t) values (−17.2 to −10.9 for Ap2, −18.0 to −12.7 for Ap3-1, −14.4 to −13.7 for Ap3-2) closely resemble the characteristics of skarn-related mineralization in regional granite, which is largely attributed to magma-derived fluids. This study highlights the variation in the fluid-to-rock ratio for skarn deposits, revealing a progression from wall-rock-dominated contributions in early stages to primarily magmatic fluid contributions in later stages, with meteoric water mixing occurring specifically during the mineralization stage. Overall, this study underscores the reliability of apatite as an indicator for geochronology, geochemistry, and isotopic analysis in complex mineralization processes of skarn Pb-Zn deposits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"185 ","pages":"Article 106806"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144738718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metallogenic conditions and prediction of the Tugeman lithium-beryllium deposit in Xinjiang: Insights from geology and Worldview-3 imagery","authors":"Lingling Gao ,&nbsp;Huadong Ma ,&nbsp;Bingyu Zhu ,&nbsp;Chuan Chen ,&nbsp;Wei Wang ,&nbsp;Xiaofei Du ,&nbsp;Fang Xia ,&nbsp;Xiaoqian Zhang ,&nbsp;Shunda Li","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106805","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106805","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The metallogenic conditions and prediction of granitic pegmatite rare metal deposits have been a hot and frontier issue in in recent years. The Tugeman granite pegmatite-type lithium-beryllium deposit, a newly discovered rare metal resource in the Middle Altyn area, is hosted within the center of the Tugeman layered granite body. Its orebody has reached a medium scale. This study capitalizes on the high-resolution (0.3 m) multispectral capabilities of WorldView-3 data (16 bands spanning visible, near-infrared, and shortwave infrared regions) to enhance the recognition of geometric morphological and spectral characteristics. Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Independent Component Analysis (ICA), and Minimum Noise Fraction (MNF) transformations were systematically employed to identify, extract, and analyze structural features and diverse pegmatite lithologies within the Tugeman mining area and its surrounding prospective zone. A total of 55 linear faults and 252 pegmatite veins were identified. Critically, both NE- and NW-trending fault structures exert significant structural control on pegmatite distribution. Within the ArcGIS platform, legacy research data, remote sensing-derived information, and field exploration results were integrated into a unified geospatial database. Through assessment of favorable metallogenic conditions and development of predictive targeting models, three beryllium and two lithium exploration targets were delineated, while a specialized “vein-centered buffer zone method” for identifying ore-bearing pegmatites was established for the study area. Field verification of the target areas confirmed spatially concentrated mineral assemblages and consistent zonation patterns. This work establishes a robust predictive methodology for granitic pegmatite-hosted Li-Be deposits in the region.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"185 ","pages":"Article 106805"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144722141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magmatic transition in the Ningwu iron oxide-apatite (IOA) ore district, eastern China: Implications for ore fertility of magmas","authors":"Chao Duan ,&nbsp;Yanhe Li ,&nbsp;Jingwen Mao ,&nbsp;Xuyang Meng ,&nbsp;Kejun Hou ,&nbsp;Qian Wang ,&nbsp;Qiu Wan ,&nbsp;Zengjie Zhang ,&nbsp;Tianshun Wang ,&nbsp;Lingxuan Zhang ,&nbsp;Yutian He","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106814","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106814","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Iron oxide-apatite (IOA) deposit is an important source of Fe ores, characterized by a huge amount of Fe oxide ores associated with byproducts of considerable critical mineral resources. The Ningwu ore district is a well-defined IOA ore district in eastern China, containing more than 30 IOA deposits. Four volcanic cycles occurred over approximately 10 Ma (134–126 Ma), forming two types of primary intrusive rocks (i.e., diorite porphyry and granitic rocks). The IOA deposit is typically associated with the diorite porphyry that was intruded at the end of the second volcanic cycle. In this study, the trace element abundances of zircon grains from <em>syn</em>-mineralization intrusive rocks and post-mineralization intrusions are distinguishable and record magmatic transitions during multistage volcanic activity. The zircon trace element abundances imply that the <em>syn</em>-mineralization magmas had greater oxygen fugacity (ΔFMQ &gt; +0.5), higher water content (Eu/Eu* &gt; 0.35, Dy/Yb &lt; 0.21), elevated magma evolution (Zr/Hf &lt; 50), and a high proportion of enriched mantle magma sources that are related to oceanic subduction, which significantly differed from those of the post-mineralization intrusions, reflecting a magmatic transition during multistage volcanic activity. They could also be valuable tools for identifying potential fertile magmas of IOA deposits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"185 ","pages":"Article 106814"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144724280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Three-dimensional mineral prospectivity mapping using a residual convolutional neural network with lightweight attention mechanisms","authors":"Zhiqiang Zhang ,&nbsp;Gongwen Wang ,&nbsp;Emmanuel John M. Carranza ,&nbsp;Wei Li ,&nbsp;Yingjie Li ,&nbsp;Li Tang ,&nbsp;Xinxing Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106797","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106797","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The continuous exploration and mining of surface and shallow mineral resources have promoted subsurface exploration. Over the past decade, mineral prospectivity mapping (MPM) has progressively expanded from two-dimensional (2D) to three-dimensional (3D). The 3D convolutional neural networks (CNN) and attention mechanisms (AMs) are adept at processing 3D voxel data, offering significant advantages for 3D MPM. However, the larger computational cost in a 3D CNN–AMs model presents limitations, constraining its application to 3D MPM. This study presents a new 3D CNN architecture composed of residual blocks (ResBlocks) and a lightweight Attention Mechanism (LAM) for 3D MPM. ResBlocks incorporate skip connections to deepen the network structure, thereby enhancing its ability to model complex nonlinear patterns and mitigating the vanishing gradient problem. The LAM utilizes the dimensionality reduction fully connected layer for channel attention and depthwise separable convolution for spatial attention, thus reducing computational costs. A case study in the Wulong gold district demonstrates that the proposed architecture achieves performance improvements in 3D MPM without significant increases in numbers of parameter count and FLOPs, highlighting its efficiency and effectiveness. Furthermore, the 3D mineral targets obtained in this study are beneficial for subsurface gold exploration in the Wulong Au district, China.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"185 ","pages":"Article 106797"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144827695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}