Ore Geology Reviews最新文献

{"title":"Application of geological and shortwave infrared (SWIR) spectroscopy mapping in the Yechangping giant porphyry-skarn Mo-W deposit, East Qinling, China","authors":"Yabo Zhu ,&nbsp;Junfeng Zhao ,&nbsp;Haoyuan Jiang ,&nbsp;Bing Xiao","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106873","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106873","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Yechangping deposit, located in the East Qinling Orogen belt, is a giant porphyry-skarn Mo-W deposit in China. This deposit features two spatially zoned alteration-mineralization systems: (1) porphyry-type assemblages and (2) magnesium (Mg)-skarn-type associations, with high-grade ore bodies predominantly hosted within Mg-skarn. Poor understanding of alteration-mineralization relationships has hindered exploration progress. This study employs shortwave infrared (SWIR) spectroscopy to map alteration minerals in Yechangping and evaluate its exploration potential. SWIR spectroscopic analysis identified multiple alteration mineral groups, including white mica (illite, muscovite and phengite), smectite (montmorillonite and saponite), kaolin (kaolinite and dickite), amphibole (hornblende, tremolite and actinolite), phlogopite, serpentine, talc, chlorite, carbonate minerals (dolomite, calcite and siderite) and sulfates (gypsum). White mica shows a strong spatial association with porphyry-related alteration and mineralization, whereas chlorite, talc, and serpentine are extensively developed within skarn zones and are closely linked to the formation of skarn-related ore. The Illite Spectral Maturity (ISM) values (&gt;0.8) of white mica effectively map porphyry-related potassic and phyllic alteration zones, revealing the distribution of granitic porphyry and its adjacent magnesium skarn. High-grade Mo-W ore coincides spatially with retrograde magnesium skarn can be indicated by chlorite Depth2330/Depth2250 ratios (&gt;2.0), talc Fe-OH absorption wavelengths (&gt;2294.5 nm), and serpentine Mg-OH band ranges (2315–2321 nm). These mineralogical indices define vectors to mineralization centers. This study provides the first documentation of using SWIR spectral mapping in the exploration of porphyry-magnesium skarn Mo-W deposits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 106873"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145044902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contribution of magma mixing to hydrothermal Cu mineralization: Evidence from the Arakawa area, Akita, Japan","authors":"Shota Satori ,&nbsp;Yoshiaki Kon ,&nbsp;Yasushi Watanabe ,&nbsp;Takeyuki Ogata ,&nbsp;Takuya Echigo ,&nbsp;Shogo Aoki","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106862","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106862","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A large number of Neogene vein-type Cu deposits are distributed in the Northeast Japan Arc, a volcanic arc formed by the subduction of the Pacific Plate. These deposits, which are associated with neighboring Miocene and Pliocene felsic intrusions, constitute the largest Cu metallogenic province in the Japan Arc. Ore-related intrusions near the Arakawa Cu deposit, which is a typical vein-type Cu deposit in the area, are composed of microgranite and rhyolite, which include dark-gray dacitic to andesitic enclaves and dark-green basaltic enclaves. Except for the sulfide-bearing basaltic enclaves, these igneous rocks formed under oxidizing conditions above or near the SSO buffer and contain very small amounts (1–3 ppm) of Cu. Plagioclase crystals in these igneous rocks contain ≤17.9 ppm Cu and show two distinct clusters in Cu–An% space: one with ≤5.1 ppm Cu at An &lt;60 %, and another showing an increasing trend from 2.8 (at An ≈ 89 %) to 17.9 ppm Cu (at An ≈ 14 %). The former assemblage occurs in rhyolitic and microgranitic intrusive rocks and in andesitic enclaves, while the latter is found in basaltic enclaves; dacitic enclaves contain both assemblages. The dacitic enclaves formed by mixing a Cu-poor rhyolitic magma with a Cu-rich differentiated basaltic magma. The initial Cu contents of these two magmas were calculated using the Cu contents of early-crystallizing plagioclase crystals and reported plagioclase–melt partition coefficients. Comparison with the observed whole-rock Cu contents allowed estimation of the amounts of Cu released from the magmas during crystallization. The characteristics of the magmatic enclaves indicate the presence of intermediate-composition magmas formed after differentiation by crystallization and by mixing with a Cu-rich basaltic magma. These magmas are inferred to have supplied Cu to the magmatic–hydrothermal system that formed the Arakawa Cu deposit.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 106862"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145027006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Origin and geodynamic setting of adakitic intrusions in the Bairong porphyry Cu–Mo deposit, central Gangdese Belt, Tibet","authors":"Zhongbiao Xu ,&nbsp;Wenchang Li ,&nbsp;Fucheng Yang ,&nbsp;Hua Jiang ,&nbsp;Xiaoyu Wang ,&nbsp;Sheng Li","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106867","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106867","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Situated in the heart of the Gangdese metallogenic province in southern Tibet, the Bairong Cu-Mo porphyry deposit anchors itself within the core sector of one of Asia’s most prolific porphyry Cu domains. Three distinct stages of Miocene granitic intrusions have been identified in this deposit: Pre–mineralized porphyritic monzogranite (PMG; 16.9‒12.7 Ma), <em>syn</em>-mineralized monzogranite porphyry (MGP; 13.9‒12.1 Ma), post–mineralized dacite porphyry (11.8–11.6 Ma). The magma from all three stages is characterized by high oxygen fugacity and H₂O-rich. However, the differences in the sources of magma and ore-forming materials between ore-bearing and barren intrusions, as well as the genesis of adakite features in the Bairong Cu-Mo deposit, are not well understood. In this study, we conducted systematic geochemical and Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf-O isotopic analysis on the ore-bearing monzogranite (MZG), mineralized mafic enclaves (MMEs) within the MZG and ore-barren tonalite-porphyrite (TP) from the Bairong deposit. The ore-bearing MZG and MMEs exhibit remarkably consistent Sr–Nd–Pb–Hf–O isotopic compositions. In contrast, the ore-barren TP displays distinctly different isotopic signatures, characterized by significantly lower ε_Nd(t) values (as low as –8.65) and markedly higher ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr(t) ratios (up to 0.707973). The ore-bearing MZG and its MMEs also show notably lower δ¹⁸O values (down to 5.2 ‰) and lower Pb isotopic ratios, with ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb(t), ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb(t), and ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb(t) reaching minimum values of 18.4968, 15.6647, and 38.8553, respectively. These isotopic compositions indicate that both the MMEs and their host granitoids originated through hybridization between mantle-derived mafic melts and crustal-derived felsic magmas. Notably, the ore-bearing MZG and MMEs exhibit a greater mantle contribution than the ore-barren TP. The lithospheric mantle source of the Bairong MMEs and their host rocks experienced metasomatism, with the metasomatic agents likely related to subducted components from the Tethyan Ocean. The injection of mantle-derived magmas contributed additional water and ore-forming metal elements to the mineralization process. The adakitic features of the Bairong magmas likely formed during magmatic differentiation (e.g., amphibole fractionation) rather than being directly inherited from their primary magma source.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 106867"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145105624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genesis of the carboniferous Longtou manganese deposit, central Guangxi, SW China: insights from mineralogy, geochemistry, and carbon isotopes","authors":"Zhenzhen Jia ,&nbsp;Kangning Feng ,&nbsp;Hai Xu ,&nbsp;Ruidong Yang ,&nbsp;Chunhua Shi ,&nbsp;Lingling Tu ,&nbsp;Yuan Jiang ,&nbsp;Junbo Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106864","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106864","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Marine sedimentary manganese deposits can be divided into two types based on their host rock: black shale-hosted and carbonate rock-hosted. In contrast to black shale-hosted deposits, carbonate rock-hosted Mn deposits exhibit significant differences in lithology and geochemical composition. Moreover, the precipitation mechanisms and mineralization processes of Mn in carbonate rock-hosted deposits remain a subject of ongoing debate. Central Guangxi is a relatively developed area of carbonate rock-hosted Mn ores, with Longtou Mn deposit as one of the typical representatives, which develops multilayered ore bodies with well-preserved ore textural features. This study focuses on the sedimentology, mineralogy, elemental geochemistry, and carbon isotope, aiming to elucidate the sedimentary mineralization process and its key controlling factors. The primary Mn ore bodies with industrial value in the Longtou deposit mainly have four layers (numbered as I, II, III, and IV), all predominantly hosted in the Lower Carboniferous Baping Formation limestone and chert-bearing limestone. The primary Mn-bearing ores include calcium rhodochrosite, kutnohorite, Mn-calcite, and Mn oxides. Layer I is characterized by well-developed concentric ring structures, primarily composed of kutnohorite, dolomite, and calcite-rich rhodochrosite. In contrast, layer II, III, and IV exhibit a higher abundance of calcium rhodochrosite, kutnohorite, and braunite, with minerals frequently displaying interlocking textures or replacement relationships. The Mn ores exhibit a visible assemblage of acicular pyrophanite, scheelite, and rhodonite. Combined with geochemical parameters such as Y/Ho, and the triangle diagram 10×(Ni + Co + Cu)-Fe-Mn, 100×(Zr + Ce + Y)-15×(Cu + Ni)-(Fe + Mn)/4, these characteristics suggest that submarine hydrothermal activity provided an important material foundation for the mineralization of the Mn ores. Through a comprehensive analysis of lithofacies, δ¹³C<em>_V-PDB</em> values, total organic carbon (TOC) content, and Ce anomalies, the study suggests potential differences in mineralization mechanisms and processes between the ore layer I and ore layer II, III, and IV. It is proposed that layer I was formed through the upwelling of Mn-rich, anoxic waters into the shallow-water zone, which markedly changed the redox conditions and promoted the precipitation of Mn minerals. This shift also introduced additional dissolved inorganic carbon and nucleation sites for crystal growth, leading to the formation of Mn carbonates with calcite/dolomite cores. Subsequently, as the environmental conditions gradually shifted toward a more oxidizing state, the dissolved Mn²⁺ in layer II, III, and IV was predominantly precipitated as Mn oxides. These oxides were then reduced by organic matter, forming Mn carbonates. These understandings offer valuable insights into the sedimentary Mn carbonate mineralization process in carbonate rock-host","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 106864"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144988372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Superimposed ore formation and hydrothermal alteration at the Kirazlı porphyry-epithermal deposit, Biga Peninsula, NW Türkiye","authors":"Ali Aluç ,&nbsp;Robert Moritz ,&nbsp;İlkay Kuşcu ,&nbsp;Kalin Kouzmanov ,&nbsp;Jorge E. Spangenberg ,&nbsp;Roelant van der Lelij ,&nbsp;Torsten Vennemann ,&nbsp;Benita Putlitz","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106857","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106857","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Kirazlı deposit, located at the center of the Biga Peninsula, is one of the superimposed high-sulfidation (HS) epithermal Au-Ag and porphyry Cu systems in Türkiye. Ore formation and hydrothermal alteration at the Kirazlı were developed in 4 stages from oldest to youngest: (a) porphyry Cu, (b) re-opening base metal, (c) quartz-molybdenite, and (d) HS epithermal Au-Ag. Superimposed features of hydrothermal alteration are recognized in QEMSCAN mineral maps, suggesting progressive overprinting by an epithermal-related alteration on a porphyry Cu-style alteration. The sulfur isotopic compositions of the porphyry Cu and HS epithermal Au-Ag stages range from – 0.3 to + 3.7 ‰, and from −1.9 to + 0.1 ‰, respectively. Although magmatic input is observed in the generation of both deposits, the compositional gap and much lower δ³⁴S values of the HS epithermal Au-Ag ore body are attributed to different hydrothermal fluids that overprinted the earlier porphyry Cu system. The coexistence of multiphase highly saline fluid inclusions with vapor-rich inclusions indicates boiling during early porphyry Cu mineralization. The low-temperature and low-salinity fluid inclusion assemblages trapped in a later stage indicate overprinting hydrothermal activity. Hydrogen and oxygen isotopic compositions of illite and muscovite from the phyllic and argillic alteration zones indicate that the ore-bearing fluids at the Kirazlı consist of a magmatic and meteoric fluid mixture, with a dominant magmatic component during the porphyry event. A K-Ar age of illite from late argillic alteration is <em>ca.</em> 26 Ma, suggesting that hydrothermal activity at Kirazlı continued after the formation of the HS epithermal deposit.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 106857"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144933052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mineral prospectivity mapping for multi-source geoscience data: A novel unsupervised deep learning method","authors":"Yan Ning ,&nbsp;Yongzhi Wang ,&nbsp;Jilong Lu ,&nbsp;Jiangtao Tian ,&nbsp;Cheng Wang ,&nbsp;Shiting Sheng ,&nbsp;Shibo Wen ,&nbsp;Shaohui Wang ,&nbsp;Yuhao Dong","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106866","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106866","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mineral prospectivity mapping provides important information on the distribution of potential mineral resources, which is helpful for formulating reasonable resource development strategies and is an important step in mineral exploration. Recent methods mainly focus on deep learning methods, which can directly learn and extract information from relevant data through neural networks and output map identifying potential areas of minerals. Therefore, this study has developed an unsupervised deep learning method for mineral prospectivity mapping based on vision Transformer. This method is trained in an unsupervised way, without the need for labels and additional manpower. It takes multi-source geoscience data as input data. Multi-source data fusion convolution layer fuses the feature information among the input data. The image characteristics are mined through vision Transformer to provide geochemical anomaly and geological constraint information for samples. This study predicts chromite deposits in the Heishantou area of Balikun, Xinjiang, China for demonstration. Seven comparative case studies were conducted from both visual and quantitative perspectives, all of which demonstrated the superiority of this method. The reliability of this method was further verified through multiple experiments from different perspectives.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 106866"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144996428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiple magmatism and origin of the sulfide mineralization of the Getashankou mafic–ultramafic intrusion in Eastern Tianshan, Central Asian Orogenic Belt","authors":"Yu Yan,&nbsp;Yun Zhao,&nbsp;Chunji Xue,&nbsp;Jiayi Wu,&nbsp;Jia Chen,&nbsp;Qinghui Yu,&nbsp;Xuguang Li","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106869","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106869","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hosting a significant magmatic Ni–Cu sulfide cluster, the Eastern Tianshan region lies on the southern margin of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt. The recently discovered Getashankou intrusion marks the easternmost extent of this cluster. However, the magmatism and the origin of sulfide mineralization in this intrusion are still unclear. The Getashankou intrusion comprises five units (No. I–V), with lens-shaped and vein-like morphologies. Sulfide mineralization occurs in the No. II and No. III sequences, which consist of lherzolite, websterite, and gabbro. The mineralization includes sparsely disseminated and moderately disseminated types. Olivine within the Getashankou intrusion exhibits Fo values from 83.7 to 86.4 mol.% and Ni contents varying between 856.5 and 2490.9 ppm. The Getashankou intrusion displays light rare earth element (LREE) enrichment relative to heavy rare earth element (HREE), along with high-field-strength element (HFSE) depletion (e.g., Nb, Ta), large-ion lithophile element (LILE) enrichment (e.g., Ba, Pb), and moderately positive εHf_(t) values (+9.99 to +14.03). Collectively, these characteristics indicate a subduction-modified mantle source. The parental magma of this intrusion is characterized as high-Mg basaltic melt. Mass-balance simulations for Pd and Ni contents illustrated that the parental magmas of lherzolite and websterite + gabbro have experienced 0.013 % and 0.022 % early sulfide removal, respectively. Rayleigh simulations for Fo and Ni contents in olivine illustrated that the Getashankou intrusion underwent ∼2 % crystallization to achieve sulfide saturation. The mass-balance modeling indicates that the sulfide mineralization hosted in lherzolite and websterite + gabbro has been generated from multiple pulses of parental magma, containing 0.01 ppb of Os and 0.3 ppb of Pd with R-factors ranging from 2000 to 50000, and 0.012 ppb of Os and 0.1 ppb of Pd with R-factors from 5000 to 30000, respectively. Low Se/S ratios indicate that the addition of crustal sulfur is instrumental for promoting the saturation of sulfur in the Getashankou deposit. The subduction-modified mantle sources, multiple pulses of magma replenishment, and significant crustal sulfur addition in the Getashankou intrusion meet the requirement to generate large deposits, making it a promising target for further exploration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 106869"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145105619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploration with loop-source Semi-Airborne transient electromagnetic method (LSATEM) in the shallow coverage area of East Tianshan, Xinjiang, Northwest China","authors":"Junjie Wu ,&nbsp;Du Xiao ,&nbsp;Qingquan Zhi ,&nbsp;Xingchun Wang ,&nbsp;Xiaohong Deng ,&nbsp;Xiaodong Chen ,&nbsp;Yi Zhao ,&nbsp;Jie Zhang ,&nbsp;Yi Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106853","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106853","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The East Tianshan region in Xinjiang harbors substantial mineralization potential in its shallowly covered areas. However, the Gobi desert terrain and the presence of shallow salt-alkali crusts pose significant challenges for conventional ground electromagnetic methods. In response, the loop-source semi-airborne transient electromagnetic method (LSATEM) offers a superior alternative. This advanced technique leverages a loop configuration for ground transmission and aerial reception, boasting advantages such as independence from grounding conditions, a substantial magnetic moment, and rapid measurement capabilities. For this study, a representative experimental area within the Huangshan-Jingerquan mineralization belt was selected to conduct an exploration experiment utilizing a rotor-based unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) equipped with the loop-source semi-airborne transient electromagnetic system (DK-100). The aim was to ascertain the efficacy of this method in probing the shallowly covered areas of the East Tianshan region. The exploration results clearly reflect the spatial distribution characteristics of the electrical properties in the survey area. Two new anomalies were discovered in the Loop2 and Loop4 survey areas during this survey, both located at the intersection of NE-oriented and nearly NS-oriented faults. It is indicate that The magmatic copper-nickel sulfide ores in Eastern Tianshan are associated with basic and ultrabasic rocks and are closely related to fault structures. These findings indicate good potential for mineralization and warrant further exploration to verify this potential. The exploration experiment underscores the robustness of the LSATEM, highlighting its strong ground transmission magnetic moment, extensive exploration depth, efficient data acquisition, cost-effectiveness, and robust exploration outcomes. This method is well-suited to address the contemporary needs of metal mineral exploration in the shallow coverage areas of East Tianshan.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 106853"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144996273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"LA-ICP-MS analysis of sulfides from the Sinongduo Ag-Pb-Zn deposit, Tibet: Insights into element incorporation mechanisms and ore genesis","authors":"Zhuang Li ,&nbsp;Xinghai Lang ,&nbsp;Wenlei Song ,&nbsp;Haifeng Li ,&nbsp;Chen Li ,&nbsp;Xingchun Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106858","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106858","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As one of the most significant Ag-Pb-Zn deposits in the northern Gangdese polymetallic belt, the Sinongduo has been widely concerned since its discovery and hosts proven reserves of 148,136 t Pb (1.95 %), 205,722 t Zn (2.70 %), and 400 t Ag (52.33 g/t). Despite its economic importance, the mechanisms of Ag incorporation in sulfides and deposit genetic type remain debated. This study mainly employs in <em>sit</em>u LA-ICP-MS trace element analysis of sulfides (sphalerite, pyrite, and galena) to address the above issues. Three mineralization stages are identified: (Ⅰ) pre-ore pyrite + quartz stage, (Ⅱ) sphalerite + galena + pyrite + minor chalcopyrite + Ag-bearing minerals main stage, and (Ⅲ) post-ore calcite + quartz stage. LA-ICP-MS depth profiles and multivariate statistical analysis reveal trace elements are primarily hosted as lattice-bound solid solutions and nanoscale inclusions, with limited micro-inclusion formation. In the Sinongduo deposit, where silver is the most critical element, its substitution mechanisms exhibit significant differences among sphalerite, pyrite, and galena. In sphalerite, silver incorporates into the crystal lattice via coupled substitutions involving the replacement of Zn by Fe, Cu, Sb, Ga, and Sn. In pyrite, silver enters the lattice through coupled substitutions where Fe is replaced by As, Sb, and Co. In galena, silver is incorporated into the lattice through coupled substitutions where Pb is replaced by Sb and As. Trace element thermometry (GGIMFis geothermometer) yields ore-stage temperatures of 226.0–288.0 °C (mean = 256.8 °C), consistent with fluid inclusion data. The trace element distributions in the Sinongduo sulfides, such as Fe, Mn, Cu, Ag, Sn, and Pb enrichment and Ga, Ge, In, and Co depletion in sphalerite, together with the supports from the host rock, alteration, texture and mineral assemblages, suggest that the Sinongduo deposit is a typical epithermal deposit. This study establishes the Sinongduo deposit as a typical epithermal system and demonstrates that in <em>situ</em> LA-ICP-MS analysis of sulfide trace elements provides robust constraints on deposit genesis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 106858"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144988373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New insight into the genesis of giant Maoling arsenopyrite-type gold deposit, Liaodong Peninsula, NE China","authors":"Yongbin Wang ,&nbsp;Song Lin ,&nbsp;Lingli Zhou ,&nbsp;Zhihong Kang ,&nbsp;Jiwen Wu ,&nbsp;Qingdong Zeng ,&nbsp;Jinhui Yang ,&nbsp;Hartwig E. Frimmel ,&nbsp;Xiaoxia Duan ,&nbsp;Hui Chen ,&nbsp;Bing Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106852","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106852","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The genesis of the giant Maoling gold deposit in the Liaodong Peninsula of the North China Craton remains enigmatic due to the intricate gold distribution patterns and unresolved Au incorporation mechanism into arsenopyrite. The ore bodies are hosted by Proterozoic metamorphic rocks. Arsenopyrite is notably depleted in As and Fe but enriched in S. Gold contents in arsenopyrite, determined by the LA–ICP–MS spot analysis, range from 0.25 to 17.23 ppm. They are negatively correlated with Ag, Pb, and Bi, but positively correlated with Cu, Zn, Ni, Te and Se contents. Elemental concentration maps reveal Au-rich core, Mo-rich rim and Ag-rich microfracture within arsenopyrite. Our results, together with ionic radius and stoichiometric arsenopyrite, support the hypothesis that gold substitutes for Fe and As within the arsenopyrite crystal structure. New δ³⁴S ratios determined on sulfides range from 6.9 ‰ to 10.9 ‰, closely matching sulfur isotope compositions of complex magmatic origin. Additionally, much low and linear distribution along the upper-crust trend, with values of 35.411 to 36.297 for ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, 15.430 to 15.486 for ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, and 15.800 to 16.477 for ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, respectively, thus pointing to a Proterozoic magmatic origin, with contributions from late-stage magmatic activity. Collectively, the available data support a three-stage hydrothermal history for Maoling gold deposit: Proterozoic intrusion-related gold event, a Jurassic intrusion-related molybdenum event, and Cretaceous structure-controlled silver hydrothermal event.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 106852"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144921488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}