Ore Geology Reviews最新文献

{"title":"HyperMinNet: A hypergraph-based framework incorporating high-order relationships for mineral prospectivity mapping","authors":"Ying Yang ,&nbsp;Li Wen ,&nbsp;Changjie Cao ,&nbsp;Yunhe Li ,&nbsp;Bingli Liu ,&nbsp;Yunhui Kong ,&nbsp;Cheng Li ,&nbsp;Zhongli Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2026.107157","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2026.107157","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mineral Prospectivity Mapping (MPM) is a fundamental task in geosciences for identifying regions with high mineral potential. High-order geological associations are intrinsic to mineralization processes, yet have not been explicitly represented or effectively mined in existing studies, even though mineralization often arises from the joint influence of multiple geological factors interacting in complex ways. To address this problem, this study introduces HyperMinNet, a hypergraph-based framework for modeling and discovering high-order relationships in MPM. In HyperMinNet, hyperedges are constructed across both spatial and attribute domains to capture multi-factor geological associations. The Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise (DBSCAN) algorithm plays a central role in grouping geologically related units, thereby highlighting complex, spatially coherent associations beyond simple pairwise relationships. To further enhance the model’s ability to recognize informative geological patterns, an attention mechanism is employed to adaptively focus on critical associations, while a center loss function mitigates the influence of limited positive mineralization samples by enhancing the distinctiveness of learned representations. Experiments conducted in the Lhasa region demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework, where HyperMinNet achieved an accuracy of 0.9042 and an Area Under the Curve (AUC) of 0.9511, confirming its strong potential in advancing mineral prospectivity mapping.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"190 ","pages":"Article 107157"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146192523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magmatism and mineralization in the Sangye-Qulong magmatic section, Southern Tibet","authors":"Leilei Dong ,&nbsp;Huawei Li ,&nbsp;Zhiming Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2026.107161","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2026.107161","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Sangye-Qulong magmatic section in the Gangdese belt of southern Tibet records magmatic evolution spanning from oceanic subduction to continental collision. This work combines zircon U-Pb geochronology, whole-rock geochemistry, and Sr-Nd isotopes from pre-, syn-, and post-collisional intrusions along a ∼ 60 km NE-SW section. Results reveal that the Cretaceous high-Mg diorites originated through partial melting of oceanic slab, while the low-Mg adakitic granitoids (91.6 ± 1.5 Ma) were formed via lower crust melting. Syn-collisional Paleocene-Eocene granitoids (64.1–52.5 Ma) originated from juvenile lower crust during slab rollback. Miocene adakitic granitoids were derived from the thickened lower crust, and dioritic enclaves (16.5 ± 0.2 Ma) show a mixing trend between lower crust adakitic melts and Indian continental crust.</div><div>The Cretaceous rocks are hydrous and oxidized, associated with the Kelu Cu-Au mineralization. The scarcity of mineralization in syn-collisional rocks is largely linked to their limited water content and low oxygen fugacity. The Miocene rocks related to the Qulong porphyry deposit have the highest Sr/Y, V/Sc, Eu/Eu*/Y ratios and most enriched Sr-Nd isotopes, indicating high magmatic water content, oxygen fugacity, and the greater involvement of the Indian continental material. These findings demonstrate the Indian continental slab’s crucial role in the formation of post-collisional porphyry deposits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"190 ","pages":"Article 107161"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146192529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magnetotelluric signatures for deep copper exploration in North Xinjiang, China: Revealing controls of deposit type and sulfide content on geophysical responses","authors":"Aolin Pan ,&nbsp;Aimin Du ,&nbsp;Tiebing Liu ,&nbsp;Lei Meng ,&nbsp;Changhao Li ,&nbsp;Changming Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2026.107162","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2026.107162","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Discriminating deep-seated orebodies across diverse copper deposit types remains a challenge in exploration geophysics, largely due to highly variable sulfide mineralization styles and complex host-rock settings. To address this, we conducted an integrated geological–geophysical study that combines deposit geological models with high-frequency audio magnetotelluric (AMT) surveys using the Stratagem EH4 system. Three representative copper deposits in North Xinjiang, China, were examined: the Ashele deposit (volcanogenic massive sulfide, VMS-type, high-grade massive sulfides), the Hongguleleng deposit (Manto-type, moderate-grade vein-style sulfides), and the Baogutu deposit (porphyry-type, low-grade disseminated sulfides).</div><div>Geological cross-sections and laboratory measurements of rock electrical properties were integrated to constrain two-dimensional (2D) inversions of the AMT data. The results reveal distinct resistivity signatures for three deposit types: very low resistivity anomalies (10–100 Ω·m) characterize VMS mineralization, moderate resistivity anomalies (100–300 Ω·m) correspond to Manto-type vein systems, and relatively higher yet significant resistivity anomalies (100–1000 Ω·m) are associated with disseminated porphyry mineralization. Furthermore, a series of concealed resistivity anomalies were delineated adjacent to and beneath known orebodies at all three deposits, identifying promising targets for deep exploration. Based on these findings, we propose three resistivity structural patterns: a “lens-over-feeder” geometry for VMS deposits, a “stratabound conductive slab” for Manto-type deposits, and a “conductive ring” structure for porphyry systems. This integrated geology–geophysics approach provides a practical framework for enhancing the detection and targeting of concealed copper mineralization in North Xinjiang and other similar terrains worldwide.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"190 ","pages":"Article 107162"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146192535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magmatic and hydrothermal superimposition in Nb-Ta-Li mineralization at the Hailuoling deposit, South China: Records from columbite-tantalite chronology and mica chemistry","authors":"Yu Zhou ,&nbsp;Yong Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhe Xu ,&nbsp;Fangrong Zhang ,&nbsp;Jiayong Pan ,&nbsp;Haotong Dai ,&nbsp;Fushen Zhang ,&nbsp;Wei Wan ,&nbsp;Bin He ,&nbsp;Cong Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.107083","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.107083","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Hailuoling Nb–Ta deposit in the Wuyi metallogenic belt of South China represents a typical granite-related rare-metal system that has recently been recognized to host associated Li mineralization. To constrain its metallogenic evolution, we integrate petrological, geochronological, and geochemical data. LA–ICP–MS U–Pb dating of monazite and columbite–tantalite indicates that the porphyritic biotite monzogranite crystallized at 147.2 ± 1.9 Ma, whereas Nb–Ta mineralization occurred at 144.4 ± 2.1 Ma, both during the Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous transition. Li-bearing micas including protolithionite, zinnwaldite, lithium phengite, and lithium muscovite, in mineralized granite replace primary biotite, feldspar, and quartz and display irregular grain boundaries and well-developed compositional zoning, providing textural evidence for hydrothermal metasomatism. Mica compositions define a systematic evolutionary trend characterized by increasing SiO₂ and decreasing FeO contents, while trace element data reveal an initial enrichment followed by depletion of Li, Nb, and Ta. These features support a two-stage model involving an early post-magmatic hydrothermalism stage followed by a later hydrothermal metasomatism stage. Hydrothermal micas are characterized by Nb/Ta ratios of 0.5–2.5 and K/Rb ratios of 8–12. Comparative analyses with micas from unmineralized granites and from the Maoping and Xianghualing deposits highlights the necessity of overprinting by late-stage magmatic–hydrothermal fluids, in combination with external fluid input, to achieve economically significant rare-metal enrichment in early intrusions that did not independently reach ore-forming thresholds. We conclude that the interplay between magmatic differentiation and hydrothermal overprinting is critical for the mobilization and concentration of rare metals in certain granitic systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 107083"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145950229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"(U-Th)/He thermochronology constraints on Cenozoic exhumation of Ke’eryin lithium ore field, eastern Tibet","authors":"Jingbo Sun ,&nbsp;Wen Chen ,&nbsp;Kezhang Qin ,&nbsp;Shuangfeng Zhao ,&nbsp;Ze Shen ,&nbsp;Bin Zhang ,&nbsp;Wen Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2026.107133","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2026.107133","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Ke’eryin lithium ore field, located in the east of Songpan-Ganzi orogenic belt of Tibetan Plateau, is an important lithium-producing field hosting multiple pegmatite deposits in large to super-large scale. A more complete exhumation history of this ore field is required, and favorable prospecting locations need further identification. Here, we applied (U-Th)/He dating combined with a vertical profile sampling strategy to quantitatively constrain the exhumation process of the Ke’eryin lithium ore field. Zircon (U-Th)/He (ZHe) data and thermal history modeling reveal fast cooling during ∼28–24 Ma, linked to crustal shortening during the India-Eurasia collision. This phase removed ∼3.3 km of overburden, reducing burial depths from ∼5.3 km to ∼2 km. Age-elevation relationships of apatite (U-Th)/He (AHe) combined with thermal history modeling reveal rapid cooling at ∼15 Ma. This rapid cooling episode resulted from the regional uplift and exhumation, with amplification by river incision. The hanging wall (north) experienced greater denudation than the footwall (south), making the footwall a more favorable prospecting area. Combining the zircon and apatite (U-Th)/He data, we calculate a total erosion amount of approximately ∼5 km in the Ke’eryin lithium ore field since the Late Oligocene.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 107133"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146078846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mg isotopes and TIMA tracing the mantle source and mineralization process at Bayan Obo Nb-REE-Fe deposit, China","authors":"Qingyan Tang ,&nbsp;Zhuoming Li ,&nbsp;Chi Zhao ,&nbsp;Yan Zhang ,&nbsp;Hailong Jin ,&nbsp;Biao Chen ,&nbsp;Yanjiang Liu ,&nbsp;Tianyu Qin ,&nbsp;Tengda Yang ,&nbsp;Min Qiao ,&nbsp;Xinrui Bai ,&nbsp;Zeyu Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2026.107127","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2026.107127","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The presence of carbonate materials in the mantle source of carbonatites has long been debated. TIMA and Mg isotope are conducted to reveal the genesis of carbonatites and Bayan Obo Nb-REE-Fe deposit. The δ²⁶Mg values of dolomite carbonatite dykes are lighter than those of the normal mantle, ranging from −0.83 ‰ to −0.43 ‰. The δ²⁶Mg values show marked variation in both coarse-grained dolomite carbonatites (ranging from −0.71 ‰ to −0.03 ‰) and Nb-REE-Fe ores, with the latter exhibiting a broader isotopic range from −0.72 ‰ to +0.31 ‰. Fenite has a δ²⁶Mg value of −0.19 ‰, while limestones display the lowest δ²⁶Mg values overall, with a narrow range of −1.88 ‰ to −1.86 ‰. This study indicates that Bayan Obo carbonatites originated from the low-degree partial melting of carbonated peridotites. The ancient carbonate materials were introduced into the mantle source via decarbonation. Whole-rock δ²⁶Mg values are controlled by multiple mineral phases rather than a single phase. The mantle source, magmatic differentiation processes and subsequent hydrothermal fluid metasomatism collectively influence the Mg isotope compositions in the Bayan Obo area. The δ²⁶Mg values below the mantle value may result from minerals enriched in light Mg isotopes. Therefore, ancient carbonatites also involve the addition of carbonate materials. Element correlations suggest that acidic conditions favor the migration and enrichment of Nb and REE, whereas alkaline conditions promote the migration and enrichment of REE but are unfavourable for Nb migration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 107127"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146078845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling hydrothermal center in the Xiayu Ag-Pb-Zn-Au Orefield, central China: Insights from geology evidence and ore grade characteristic","authors":"Lei Zhu ,&nbsp;Min Liu ,&nbsp;Xiuquan Wang ,&nbsp;Wei Jian ,&nbsp;Jingwen Mao ,&nbsp;Yongfei Tian ,&nbsp;Li Jiang ,&nbsp;Yongqi Su","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2026.107116","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2026.107116","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Xiayu orefield, situated within the Xiong’ershan ore concentration area of the southern margin of the North China Craton, is an important polymetallic production region. Recent studies suggest that the steeply dipping Ag-Pb-Zn-Au veins belong to a magmatic-hydrothermal system related to unexposed intrusions. The hydrothermal center and associated metal zoning, however, remain unclear. Addressing these knowledge gaps is essential for elucidating ore-forming processes and refining regional exploration strategies. This study addresses these issues through a statistical analysis of 436,003 ore grades, integrated with field and petrographic investigations. Our results reveal clear patterns of metal zoning that show a hydrothermal center is located under the southwestern part of Haopinggou deposit in the Xiayu orefield. Samples from this orefield clearly exhibit six paragenetic stages, in which sphalerite precipitation was followed by gold and lead mineralization, which in turn preceded the formation of chalcopyrite and argentite, with native silver occurring in the final stage. Based on these stages, we employed characteristic metal ratios to provide evidence for elemental zonings: Au/Ag, Zn/Ag, and Pb/Ag ratios increase toward the southwestern Haopinggou deposit. These variations reflect the sequential deposition of ore minerals, which is jointly governed by mineralization stages, decreasing temperature gradients, and intensifying fluid-rock interaction distal to the hydrothermal center. The observation aligns with the geological features of the Xiayu orefield, specifically the presence and spatial configuration of breccia pipes. This interpretation is further substantiated by a synthesis of existing fluid inclusion information, hydrothermal alteration assemblages, and geochronological constraints. These findings demonstrate the utility of statistical analysis methodologies in mineral exploration, providing a robust framework for identifying hydrothermal centers and delineating exploration targets.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 107116"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146039368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Petrophysical signature of the Salobo IOCG deposit: Insights into lithology, hydrothermal alteration, and mineralization","authors":"Moriá Caroline de Araújo ,&nbsp;Adalene Moreira Silva ,&nbsp;Catarina Labouré Bemfica Toledo ,&nbsp;Daniel Shkromada de Oliveira ,&nbsp;Victor Nogueira ,&nbsp;Juliana Araújo ,&nbsp;Edvaldo Gomes Farias ,&nbsp;Lucas Nunes Morais","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2026.107119","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2026.107119","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The integration of petrophysical and mineralogical data is essential for understanding variations in the physical properties of hydrothermally altered rocks. In this study, petrophysical data were combined with mineralogical analyses obtained through TIMA (TESCAN Integrated Mineral Analyzer), QEMSCAN (Quantitative Evaluation of Minerals by Scanning Electron Microscopy), and LIBS (Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy core scanner) to characterize the petrophysical footprint of the Salobo IOCG (Iron Oxide Copper-Gold) deposit. The analysis and interpretation of rock physical properties and mineral mapping data reveal that the Salobo alteration zones exhibit distinct petrophysical signatures. The calcic-sodic alteration zone is characterized by low density (∼2.89 g/cm³), low magnetic susceptibility (∼0.091 SI), and moderate resistivity (∼2781 Ω.m). A newly identified Ca-Fe-K subzone marks the transition from Ca-Na to Fe- and K-enriched systems, presenting a slight increase in resistivity (∼2958 Ω.m). Iron enrichment zones display systematic transitions, progressing from grunerite-dominated associations to almandine-rich zones and magnetite precipitation. These zones are distinguished by high density (&gt;30 g/cm³), elevated magnetic susceptibility (up to 7.516 SI), and increased chargeability (∼62.2–89.7 mV/V). The K-Fe subzone and its advanced forms are characterized mainly by almandine and biotite, along with intense late chloritization that significantly affects petrophysical signatures. Potassic alteration displays a strong decrease in resistivity (∼1658 Ω.m), attributed to biotite and sulfides. This study highlights the importance of integrating multi-source data to enhance the understanding of mineral systems through mineralogical and petrophysical datasets. Petrophysical properties, controlled by mineral composition, provide insights into Salobo’s geophysical signature and petrophysical footprint. Thus, a schematic model was developed to illustrate the petrophysical signature of each subzone hydrothermal alteration zone, linking variations in density, magnetic susceptibility, resistivity, and chargeability to mineralogical data. The presented methodology provides a framework applicable to other IOCG deposits, similar systems, and potential targets, enhancing exploration efficiency and providing valuable strategies for advancing mineral exploration on a broader scale.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 107119"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146039408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Petrogenesis of the Ke’eryin Li-rich granitic rocks and its implications for Li-mineralization in the eastern Songpan-Garzê Orogenic Belt, China","authors":"Lingfang Wu ,&nbsp;Qingguo Zhai ,&nbsp;Yue Tang ,&nbsp;Peiyuan Hu ,&nbsp;Yiming Liu ,&nbsp;Jinyong Li ,&nbsp;Ning Yang ,&nbsp;Sheng Chang","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2026.107102","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2026.107102","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Songpan–Garzê Orogenic Belt is a world-famous Li mineralization belt in China, but the petrogenesis and source of the Li-rich granitic rocks remain unclear. To address this issue, we investigated the Li-rich granitic rocks from the Ke’eryin, located in the eastern part of the Songpan–Garzê Orogenic Belt. Zircon U–Pb dating yielded crystallization ages for a two-mica granite (205 ± 1 Ma), aplite (204 ± 2 Ma), spodumene-free pegmatite (203 ± 1 Ma) and spodumene-bearing pegmatite (206 ± 2 Ma), indicating a roughly coeval magmatic-hydrothermal activity. Systematic decreases in Nb/Ta and Zr/Hf ratios, combined with negative correlations between CaO, Al₂O₃, P₂O₅, MgO, and SiO₂, reveal progressive magmatic differentiation from granite through to aplite and finally the pegmatites. The distinct Sn enrichment in the spodumene-bearing pegmatite records a transition from an early H₂O-poor to a late water-rich magmatic system. All rocks display elevated Rb/Sr and Rb/Ba ratios, along with uniform Sr–Nd isotopic signatures that resemble those of Triassic metapelites (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr_i = 0.7030 ∼ 0.7148, ε_Nd(<em>t</em>) = −9.2 ∼ −7.3). Therefore, the Ke’eryin Li-rich granitic rocks were generated through muscovite-dehydration melting of a metapelitic source, and progressive magmatic differentiation subsequently concentrated Li and other rare metals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 107102"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146039405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Orogenic gold mineralization constrained by sphalerite geochemistry: evidence from the Bangbu deposit, Tibet, SW China","authors":"Xiangfa Song ,&nbsp;Degao Zhai ,&nbsp;Xiaolin Wang ,&nbsp;Jinchao Wu ,&nbsp;Zhi Zhang ,&nbsp;Wei Chen ,&nbsp;Zijun Qiu ,&nbsp;Qingqing Zhao ,&nbsp;Jiajun Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2026.107141","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2026.107141","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Located in the eastern segment of the Yarlung–Tsangpo suture zone (YTSZ), the Bangbu deposit formed during the subduction–collision evolution of the Himalayan–Tibetan orogen and constitutes a significant example of hydrothermal gold mineralization in this tectonic setting. Pyrite has commonly been employed to trace ore-forming processes in orogenic gold systems, but the role of coexisting sphalerite as an additional tracer mineral remains insufficiently investigated. This study presents a comprehensive geochemical characterization of sphalerite occurring with ore-stage pyrite in quartz–sulfide veins from the Bangbu deposit, and places these results in the context of a global dataset covering sphalerite from diverse mineralization environments. Compared with sphalerite from other deposit types, the Bangbu sphalerite is characterized by elevated Cd but depleted Ga, Mn and Sn. Both PLS-DA and its orthogonal variant (OPLS-DA) show that sphalerite from Bangbu represents a distinct geochemical cluster that is readily separable from typical magmatic–hydrothermal systems. Application of the GGIMFis geothermometer to the Bangbu sphalerite yields temperatures of 230–260 °C (peak at ∼250 °C), while the corresponding lg<em>f</em>S₂ values of –14.5 to –12.4 point to intermediate- to low-sulfidation conditions. These parameters are consistent with medium to low temperature, low salinity, CO₂-rich fluids and show no clear evidence for a significant magmatic or mantle-derived fluid component, and instead pointing to a predominantly metamorphic fluid origin. Coexisting sphalerite and pyrite display narrowly distributed <em>δ</em>³⁴S values of ∼+2‰ and near-equilibrium isotopic fractionation, and their sulfur isotope compositions are lighter than those of sulfides in the surrounding low-grade metamorphic strata. This discrepancy with a simple metamorphic devolatilization model, together with the observation that <em>δ</em>³⁴S values fall within the range expected for sulfur released by slab-derived fluids, supports a significant sub-crustal fluid contribution and indicates that a single metamorphic devolatilization model cannot fully explain the gold mineralization. Integrating constraints from trace element compositions, temperature estimates, sulfur fugacity and sulfur isotopes, this study proposes a two-stage genetic model for the Bangbu deposit, including subduction-related devolatilization pre-enrichment and metamorphic reactivation. The results demonstrate that ore-stage sphalerite provides independent constraints on the ore-forming conditions and fluid sources of orogenic gold deposits, and represents an important complement to traditional pyrite-based tracer systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 107141"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146079447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}