Ore Geology Reviews最新文献

{"title":"Genesis of ankerite and its relationship with uranium mineralization in the Hailijin uranium deposit, southern Songliao Basin, China","authors":"Xin Hu ,&nbsp;Hui Rong ,&nbsp;Shihu Kang ,&nbsp;Jun Ning ,&nbsp;Guolong Tang ,&nbsp;Liangliang Zhang ,&nbsp;Shusong Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2026.107130","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2026.107130","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ankerite cements in the Hailijin uranium deposit of the southern Songliao Basin serve as an excellent carrier for uranium mineralization. This study aims to characterize the morphology, contents, fluid inclusions, and elemental-isotopic compositions of the ankerite cements within the uranium reservoirs, and then reveals genesis of the ankerite and its relationship with uranium mineralization. In red sandstone, the ankerite is predominantly euhedral granular with an average content of 0.92 %. In yellow sandstone, it occurs as euhedral to subhedral crystals (average content: 0.62 %). In gray-white barren sandstone, it is mainly colloidal or granular, with an average content of 0.97 %. In mineralized sandstone, the ankerite exists in colloidal or granular form and has the highest average content (1.61 %). In primary gray sandstone, it appears as euhedral to subhedral crystals (average content: 0.94 %). Fluid inclusions in the ankerite yield homogenization temperatures of 140–180 °C (Th) and salinities of 8–12 wt% NaCl equiv. Sc, V, U, Zn, and Y exhibit remarkable enrichment in the ankerite, while Li, Cu, Rb, Ga, Zr, Nb, Ba, and Hf display systematic depletion patterns. The rare earth elements of ankerite generally exhibit the characteristics of light rare earth element depletion and heavy rare earth element enrichment. Ce/La ranges from 1.3 to 2.645, with an average value of 1.816, and Eu anomaly value (δEu) fluctuates between 0.881 and 1.093, with an average of 1.014. ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr values of the ankerite range from 0.70598 to 0.70779, with an average value of 0.70748. The study indicates that the ankerite likely forms in hydrothermal fluids associated with basic dike intrusion. As temperature decreases, the ankerite and uranium minerals sequentially precipitate from these hydrothermal fluids. This study reveals the mechanism of hydrothermal fluids participating in mineralization of sandstone-hosted uranium deposits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 107130"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146078841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Skarn geochronology and genesis of the Wanlongshan Zn-Sn polymetallic deposit in southeast Yunnan: constraints from garnet and sphalerite composition, and in-situ S isotopes”. [Ore Geol. Rev. 185 (2025) 106776]","authors":"Sun Bin ,&nbsp;Tian Peng ,&nbsp;Yan Yongfeng ,&nbsp;Liu Yi ,&nbsp;Kong Zhigang ,&nbsp;Yang Guangshu","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2026.107103","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2026.107103","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 107103"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146189530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genesis of the Linghou Cu–Zn polymetallic deposit, South China: Constraints from geological, mineralogical, geochronological and sulfur isotope data","authors":"Wei Zheng ,&nbsp;Kelei Chu ,&nbsp;Bo Xing","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2026.107121","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2026.107121","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Stratiform Cu deposits represent significant source of copper worldwide and have long been the subject of extensive scientific research. However, their origins remain highly debated. To address this key issue, we carried out a comprehensive investigation of the Linghou deposit in South China—a typical stratiform Cu deposit—utilizing microanalytical mineralogy and in situ sulfur isotope analysis of the main ore minerals, together with high-precision geochronology of genetically related hydrothermal apatite.</div><div>Hydrothermal apatite spatially and temporally associated with copper mineralization in the Linghou stratiform ores yields a lower intercept U–Pb age of 161.0 ± 4.6 Ma (MSWD = 1.09), consistent with ages obtained from the granodiorite porphyry in the deposit. Microtextural and thermometric analyses of coexisting chalcopyrite and sphalerite indicate formation temperatures of 255–303 °C, characteristic of magmatic-hydrothermal systems. The sulfur isotope compositions of sulfide minerals exhibit a narrow δ³⁴S range of +0.68 ‰ to +2.80 ‰, further supporting a genetic relationship with granitic magmatism.</div><div>Integrated geological evidence indicates that the Linghou deposit represents a Late Jurassic Cu-polymetallic skarn system. These findings not only resolve the long-standing genetic controversy of this deposit type but also highlight the considerable exploration potential for magmatic-hydrothermal Cu-polymetallic systems along the Qin-Hang metallogenic belt. The combined application of high-precision geochronology, microscale mineral chemistry, and detailed metal source tracing provides critical constraints for understanding ore-forming mechanisms, refining genetic classifications, and establishing robust metallogenic frameworks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 107121"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146039409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geochemical behavior and enrichment mechanisms of REEs and HFSEs in Permian claystones of SW China: Insights from multivariate statistical analysis and machine learning","authors":"Zhi-Shuang Yang ,&nbsp;Xiao-Wen Huang ,&nbsp;Ying-Hui Gao ,&nbsp;Yu-Miao Meng ,&nbsp;Liang Qi","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2026.107135","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2026.107135","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding the geochemical behavior of elements during magmatism, weathering, and sedimentation is crucial for revealing their enrichment mechanisms. The Late Permian Xuanwei Formation claystones in southwestern China are enriched in rare earth elements (REEs), Y, Sc, Ga, Nb, and Zr. Using principal component analysis (PCA) combined with interpretable machine learning algorithms including random forest and eXtreme Gradient Boosting, we decipher their enrichment pathways. PCA reveals that REEs and Y, together with Ga, were co-enriched with high field strength elements (HFSEs) in late-stage accessory minerals during basaltic magmatism, whereas Sc was preferentially associated with early-forming mafic minerals. During sedimentation, REEs and Y were mobilized and enriched, whereas HFSEs remained largely immobile. Machine learning models identify key predictors controlling elemental enrichment, including Y, Sr, P, U, and Ga for REEs; REEs, Ga, and Hf for Y; Ti, V, and Fe for Sc; Th, REEs, and Y for Ga; and Ta, Hf, Th, and U for Nb and Zr. Based on these results, we propose a geochemical model for the enrichment of critical metals. During the magmatic stage, REEs, Y, and Ga were associated with HFSEs, whereas Sc was coupled with Fe–Ti–V-bearing mafic minerals. Weathering mobilized REEs and Y, while Sc, Nb, and Zr remained relatively inert. During sedimentation, REEs and Y became re-coupled with P- and Sr-rich phases, Sc shifted toward Fe–Ti associations, Ga became linked to Al-rich phases, and Nb and Zr continued to exhibit immobile behavior. Overall, enrichment of REEs and Y reflects the combined effects of magmatic inheritance, weathering mobilization, and sedimentary re-concentration, whereas enrichment of Ga and HFSEs is mainly inherited from magmatic minerals. These findings are consistent with mineralogical constraints, demonstrating the effectiveness of integrating geochemistry with multivariate statistics and machine learning to unravel element behavior across geological processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 107135"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146039369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In situ geochemical investigations of pyrite constraining Au-Sb mineralization in the Jienagepu deposit, southern Tibet, China","authors":"Jinchao Wu ,&nbsp;Degao Zhai ,&nbsp;Zhi Zhang ,&nbsp;Jiajun Liu ,&nbsp;Jian-Feng Gao ,&nbsp;Xiangfa Song ,&nbsp;Zijun Qiu ,&nbsp;Qingqing Zhao ,&nbsp;Gang Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2026.107152","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2026.107152","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Jienagepu Au-Sb deposit, recently identified in the eastern Tethyan Himalayan Sequence (THS), southern Tibet, shows considerable resource potential in this Sb-Au metallogenic domain. Although numerous local Sb-Au ore bodies hosted in Mesozoic weakly metamorphosed slate have been identified and investigated, the sources of regional Sb and Au resources and the properties of the ore-forming fluids in this unique orogenic setting remain highly controversial. To address these issues, <em>in situ</em> trace element and sulfur isotope analyses were performed on pyrite from the gold-base metal sulfides mineralization stage (II) of the Jienagepu deposit. Trace element analyses indicate that pyrite contains high concentrations of Ni, Cu, As, and Sb, whereas the concentrations of Zn, Se, and Ag are relatively low. Except for minor Sb-(Ni/As)-bearing inclusions, most trace elements, including gold, are hosted within pyrite as solid solutions. The newly obtained <em>in situ</em> sulfur isotope data for pyrite (δ³⁴S = 5.0‰-8.0‰; average = 6.2‰), in comparison with regional S isotopic reservoirs, suggest that the slate strata were the main sulfur source. <em>In situ</em> geochemical results for pyrite further indicate that the Jienagepu ore-forming fluids were mainly meteoric with a minor magmatic water, and were characterized by low temperature (&lt;300 °C) and low salinity (&lt;9 wt% NaCl equiv). Combined with previous studies, we propose that, in a Miocene post-collisional extensional setting, meteoric-dominated geothermal fluids, driven by heat from coeval felsic magmatism, circulated at shallow levels, leaching ore-forming elements from the slate strata and then migrating along N-S-trending faults, ultimately forming the giant Sb-Au resources of southern Tibet. This study provides important insights for understanding the Sb-Au enrichment in post-collisional settings and for guiding regional Sb-Au ore exploration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 107152"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146189370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advanced SOTEM survey for the exploration of low-sulphidation epithermal gold: Insights from Lvyuan, eastern Junggar, China","authors":"Weiying Chen ,&nbsp;Xiaoyin Ma ,&nbsp;Quanhui Guo ,&nbsp;Pengfei Lv","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2026.107140","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2026.107140","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The investigation of low-sulfidation epithermal gold deposits presents significant challenges due to their intricate geological frameworks and frequently obscured mineralization. This research details the implementation of the short-offset transient electromagnetic method (SOTEM) to concurrently invert resistivity and chargeability parameters within the Lvyuan Gold Deposit located in Eastern Junggar, China. Utilizing a grounded-wire source alongside dual-base-frequency transmission, high-fidelity electromagnetic data were collected across ten survey lines encompassing the No. 7 alteration zone. One-dimensional inversion of the transient electromagnetic responses elucidated detailed subsurface electrical structures to depths of approximately one kilometer, facilitating the identification of fault systems and alteration zones linked to gold mineralization. Measurements of rock physical properties substantiated that elevated chargeability values (&gt;20%) combined with moderate to low resistivity (&lt;300 Ω·m) are strongly indicative of hydrothermally altered lithologies, particularly those exhibiting pyritization and limonitization. Integration of these geophysical results with drilling data confirmed that mineralized bodies predominantly occur within shallow zones characterized by low resistivity and high chargeability proximal to fault structures. Consequently, four prospective target areas were delineated, underscoring the effectiveness of SOTEM in delineating alteration zones and informing subsequent exploration efforts for epithermal gold deposits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 107140"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146078843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review of the relationship between highly fractionated intrusions and gold mineralization","authors":"Qingxuan Wang ,&nbsp;Shuo Wang ,&nbsp;Zhengping Yan ,&nbsp;Wenyuan Li ,&nbsp;Yunhua Liu ,&nbsp;Huali Guo ,&nbsp;Jinhua Du ,&nbsp;Yingxing Huang ,&nbsp;Tianhong Gao ,&nbsp;Zihe Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2026.107145","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2026.107145","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Highly fractionated intrusions plays a key role in the formation of numerous types of ore metal deposits. For example, many large-scale Au deposits are associated with highly fractionated intermediate–silicic intrusions. Since the introduction of Au deposit classification types such as intrusion-related, magmatic, and magmatic–hydrothermal Au deposits, an increasing number of studies have focused on the coupled relationships between magmatic processes (e.g., melt segregation, differentiation, and evolution) and Au mineralization. The magmatism not only provides the energy and ore-forming materials for Au mineralization, but also leads to significant Au enrichment by magmatic fractionation and evolution. Consequently, studies on magmatic fractionation-related mineralization should not be confined to ore types such as W–Sn and rare metals. This paper systematically reviews the nature of Au deposits genetically linked to highly fractionated magmas and discusses the key controls on anomalous Au enrichment during magmatic fractionation. The gold-mineralizing magmas are derived mainly from regions near the crust–mantle boundary. Metasomatic overprinting of the lithospheric mantle and enrichment of the lower crust by metallic elements, fluids, and volatiles from subducted slabs are preconditions for subsequent auriferous mineralization processes. The parental rocks of these Au deposits generally have a high O fugacity and are fractionated I-type or magnetite-series granites that have an affinity with the high-K calc-alkaline series, in which physicochemical parameters such as the O fugacity regulate the S speciation in the magmas and Au distribution. Furthermore, the timing of Au-bearing metallic sulfide saturation in the magmas and subsequent exsolution into the fluid phase is one of the critical controls on Au transportation into the shallow crust and its subsequent deposition in economically viable concentrations. Such Au deposits form mainly in transitional tectonic settings associated with slab subduction (e.g., slab rollback, break off) or during the transition from collisional to post-collisional tectonic settings. The physicochemical processes that govern melt segregation, differentiation, and Au enrichment from the magma source regions to final ore deposition have significant implications for understanding anomalous Au concentration mechanisms. The interrelationships among physicochemical parameters are the critical factor in understanding the coupling relationship between the melt-fluid evolution and Au mineralization, and therefore warrant further investigation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 107145"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146078857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geochemical and geochronological constraints on granitoids from the Chambishi-Nkana Basin, Zambian Copperbelt","authors":"Hu Qiaofan ,&nbsp;Mo Jiangping ,&nbsp;Wei Zhiwei ,&nbsp;Qiu ZhengJie ,&nbsp;Fang Ke ,&nbsp;Zhou Shouyu ,&nbsp;Huang Xueqiang ,&nbsp;Liu Yaohui ,&nbsp;Liu Wei ,&nbsp;Li Jiacai ,&nbsp;Wang Ailin","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2026.107139","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2026.107139","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study focuses on the granitic intrusions in the Chambishi-Nkana Basin of the Zambian Copperbelt, aiming to reveal their genesis, tectonic setting, emplacement age, and relationship with Cu-Co mineralization. LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating shows that the Chambishi granite formed at approximately 1951 Ma, and the Nchanga granite crystallized at approximately 890 Ma. Geochemical analyses indicate that these rocks are peraluminous S-type granites, characterized by high A/CNK values (&gt;1.3), enrichment in light rare earth elements, and significant negative Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu*=21.38–38.28). Zircon Lu-Hf isotopic data suggest that the Chambishi granite originated from the mixing of mantle and crust-derived melts during the collision between the Bangweulu Block and the Tanzania Craton, while the Nchanga granite formed from crustal anatexis without significant mantle input in an intraplate rift environment associated with the breakup of Rodinia in the Neoproterozoic. Molybdenite Re-Os dating reveals that<!--> <!-->hydrothermal cross-cutting vein-type Cu-Mo mineralization<!--> <!-->occurred at approximately 496 Ma, coinciding with basin inversion during the late stage of the Lufilian collisional orogeny—this age only represents the timing of the late vein-type mineralization, not the entire mineralization history of the deposit. This study confirms that the late Lufilian orogeny provided tectonic channels for hydrothermal migration, and granitic intrusions provided favorable structural channels for hydrothermal migration, while tectonic-thermal effects of the late Lufilian orogeny supplied the necessary thermal driving force, jointly controlling the formation of hydrothermal cross-cutting vein-type Cu-Mo mineralization. The sedimentary layered Cu-Co mineralization is controlled by the Neoproterozoic sedimentary environment, and its specific formation age requires further dating of sulfides (e.g., carrollite) in the layered mineralization. By integrating geochronological and geochemical data, this research establishes a temporal framework for magmatic events, tectonic evolution, and mineralization in the Zambian Copperbelt, highlighting the critical control of regional tectonic-magmatic activities on Cu-Co mineralization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 107139"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146078858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Formation of the Zarshuran gold deposit in northwest Iran resulted from the mixing of fertile magmatic fluids with basinal brines: Evidence from sulfide trace elements and sulfur isotopes","authors":"Shu Yang ,&nbsp;Hongrui Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhiming Yang ,&nbsp;Pinghua Liu ,&nbsp;Mehraj Aghazadeh ,&nbsp;Zengqian Hou ,&nbsp;Tiannan Yang ,&nbsp;Zahra Badrzadeh","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2026.107126","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2026.107126","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Zarshuran is the largest gold deposit in the Middle East. However, the sources of ore-forming materials at Zarshuran remain poorly understood. This study presents detailed descriptions of paragenetic sequence, in situ calcite U-Pb data, sulfide trace elements and sulfur isotope data to trace the sources of ore-forming materials and track the ore-forming processes. Calcite U-Pb results suggest the gold mineralization occurred during ca. 21–12.0 Ma. Five stages of mineralization can be divided at Zarshuran. They are characterized by pyrite grains with different textures. LA-ICP-MS analyses of the different types of pyrite demonstrate that Au is enriched in ore-stage Ⅰ, ore-stage Ⅱ, and late-ore stage. LA-ICP-MS analyses of the different types of sphalerite show an increasing trend for In and Sn contents but a decreasing trend for Ge and Tl contents from Sp1a to Sp1c. The S isotope compositions of sulfides from different stages yield positive values, suggesting these sulfides were precipitated by thermochemical sulfate reduction. Most δ³⁴S values of sulfide minerals of the ore-stages are in the ranges between magmatic sulfur and redbeds sulfates sulfur, suggesting contributions of magmatic and basinal materials during mineralization. The shift of δ³⁴S values during late-ore stage indicates the addition of Miocene seawater sulfates sulfur. We propose the Zarshuran gold mineralization was formed by mixing of magmatic fluids with basinal brines during the exhumation of the Iman Khan metamorphic core complex (MCC). The development of MCC and coeval fertile magmatism and basinal brine flow are important for exploration of Zarshuran-type gold ores.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 107126"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146078933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"3D mineral prospectivity modeling using a multi-scale CNN–transformer: A case study from the Siahcheshmeh gold deposit, NW Iran","authors":"Salman Farahani,&nbsp;Abbas Bahroudi","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.107066","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.107066","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As easily exploitable near-surface orebodies become progressively depleted, exploration is increasingly shifting toward deeper and structurally complex settings where concealed mineral systems dominate. This study introduces a multi-scale 3D CNN-Transformer architecture augmented with attention mechanisms for high-resolution volumetric mineral prospectivity modelling. The framework seamlessly integrates diverse geological, geophysical, and geochemical datasets into a unified voxel grid, with multi-scale 3D convolutions capturing localised mineralization signatures and a Transformer encoder modelling long-range subsurface dependencies. Applied to the Siahcheshmeh intrusion-related gold deposit in northwest Iran, the model generated detailed 3D prospectivity volumes and achieved excellent predictive performance (mean ROC-AUC = 0.94). Model-guided drill targeting intersected gold-bearing intervals in approximately 82 % of exploratory boreholes, representing a substantial improvement over conventional success rates. Attention-weighted visualizations further enhanced geological interpretability by clearly highlighting the structural and geochemical controls on ore formation. Although the approach markedly improves target ranking and offers considerable potential for reducing drilling expenditure and environmental footprint, its success remains contingent on high-quality input data and sufficient computational resources. We discuss current limitations and propose pathways for extending the framework to other deposit styles and multimodal datasets.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 107066"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145981792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}