Ore Geology Reviews最新文献

{"title":"Geology and geochronology of the Huanglongling super-large pegmatite-type lithium deposit, Altyn Tagh, NW China","authors":"Song Zhang , He Wang , Jin-Heng Liu , Xiao-Yu Zhang , Liang Huang , Kun-Yu Wang , Xiao-Fei Du , Ming-Ze Cai , Ming-Hong Shen","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106692","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106692","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lithium is a critical element underpinning the 21st-century energy revolution, essential for advancing clean energy technologies and achieving a low-carbon economy. The Huanglongling super-large lithium polymetallic deposit, containing 1,860,800 tons of Li<sub>2</sub>O, is a significant recent discovery. It is situated on the southeast flank of the Kumudaban Pluton and the northern flank of the Suwushijie Pluton within the Central Altyn Orogenic Belt, Xinjiang, China. Despite its potential, the deposit remains underexplored, particularly in terms of its precise geochronology, which is currently unclear and poorly constrained. This study employs high-precision U–Pb geochronology of minerals from pegmatites and granites in the Huanglongling deposit to constrain their crystallization ages. The goal is to establish a robust geochronological framework, clarify the temporal evolution of lithium mineralization, and evaluate its genetic relationship with regional tectono-magmatic events during the Early Paleozoic, while further exploring the tectonic processes that controlled lithium enrichment throughout this period. Results reveal that mineralized pegmatites within the deposit formed between 442 and 436 Ma, while barren pegmatites crystallized later, between 422 and 419 Ma. The biotite monzogranite of the Kumudaban Pluton, located north of the deposit, has a crystallization age of 444.6 ± 1.7 Ma (MSWD = 0.89, n = 24). In contrast, the porphyritic medium- to coarse-grained biotite monzogranite of the Suwushijie Pluton to the south has an earlier formation age of 493.8 ± 2.3 Ma (MSWD = 1.4, n = 18). By examining the formation ages of lithium deposits in the Central Altyn region and integrating the regional tectonic framework, three major Early Paleozoic lithium metallogenic stages have been identified:(1) Collision Stage (ca. 500–455 Ma): During this stage, shear heating associated with plate collision facilitated the formation of medium-sized lithium deposits, such as the Tugeman deposit; (2) Post-Collision Extension Stage (ca. 450–430 Ma): Slab detachment and/or lithospheric thinning initiated mantle-derived magma upwelling, which underplated the lower crust, releasing significant mantle heat. This thermal input caused partial melting of the lower crust and magma differentiation, driving the formation of super-large to large lithium deposits, exemplified by the Huanglongling deposit; (3) Post-Collision Residual Heat Stage (ca. 430–400 Ma): As mantle heat flow diminished and the crust cooled, pegmatitic melt volumes decreased. The rapid solidification of residual melts due to reduced heat flow led to a lower degree of crystallization and limited rare metal enrichment. Consequently, this stage predominantly formed small barren pegmatite veins or late-stage superimposed pegmatites with diminished mineralization potential and smaller scales. Among these stages, the post-collision extension stage (450–430 Ma) emerges as the most favorable period f","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"184 ","pages":"Article 106692"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144271479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New precipitation mechanism in the Permian manganese ore belt in the central south China block: a case study of the Dongxiangqiao manganese deposit","authors":"Zhaozhao Tan ,&nbsp;Junwei Xu ,&nbsp;Fengchu Liao ,&nbsp;Yizhou Luo ,&nbsp;Suxin Li ,&nbsp;Hantao Wei ,&nbsp;Juan Liao ,&nbsp;HaiFeng Fan","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106693","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106693","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Qiling Basin in southern Hunan hosts widely developed Permian marine sedimentary manganese (Mn) deposits, but their genesis or metallogenic mechanism remain poorly understood. This study investigates one core from the Dongxiangqiao Mn deposit using mineralogical, major and trace element, carbon isotopes, and Sr isotopes to elucidate the metallogenic process. The Mn-rich rocks exhibit high Mn/Fe ratios and low Al and Ti contents, and contain typical hydrothermal minerals (e.g., halcopyrite, galena, sphalerite, barite, and nickel–cobalt sulfides), with geochemical data suggesting a primary origin of metallogenic fluids from subaqueous volcanic-related hydrothermal activities. The ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios of the Mn-rich rocks are generally lower than those of the host rocks, with some samples slightly lower than Guadalupian seawater but comparable to values associated with early stage Emeishan Large Igneous Province subaqueous volcanism, indicating contributions from both Mn-rich hydrothermal fluids and Permian seawater. This interpretation is further supported by the negative correlation between the ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios and MnO content. Additionally, the δ¹³C_carb values of the Mn carbonate (–0.14 ‰) are slightly lower than those of contemporaneous seawater (1.61 ‰, from host rocks), suggesting a mixed carbon source from seawater and hydrothermal inorganic carbon, consistent with direct precipitation of hydrothermal Mn in anoxic bottom waters. Redox conditions evolved from sub-oxidized during the Xiaojiangbian Formation to sub-reduced and an anoxic sulfidic environment during the Gufeng Formation, playing a critical role in ore formation. Mn carbonates show dissolution structures with calcite cores, which is key evidence that Mn carbonates precipitated directly from calcite nucleation sites. When calcite is introduced into metal-rich hydrothermal waters, it dissolves, increasing the water’s alkalinity and providing nucleation sites for Mn carbonate precipitation. Simultaneously, the reduction of Mn oxides and sulfates in the anoxic water significantly increases Mn carbonate saturation, driving extensive Mn carbonate precipitation and ore formation. This study provides new insights into the genetic mechanism of marine sedimentary Mn deposits and highlights the critical role of hydrothermal and redox processes in ore formation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"183 ","pages":"Article 106693"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144105226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Controlling factors for Co enrichment in mineral deposits: Insights from magnetite trace element big data","authors":"Jun-Wu Zhang ,&nbsp;Lin Li ,&nbsp;Fang-Yue Wang ,&nbsp;Si-Da Niu ,&nbsp;Ju-Quan Zhang ,&nbsp;Xian Liang","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106694","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106694","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Magnetite is a common mineral in mineral deposits and plays a crucial role in genetic interpretations. However, cobalt (Co) enrichment in magnetite and its effect on the distribution of Co between magnetite and sulfide in mineral deposits are still poorly understood. This study compiles a dataset of 9,218 trace element analyses of magnetite from 166 deposits worldwide. Using statistical analysis and machine learning-based feature importance evaluations, we investigate the controlling factors of Co content in magnetite across various deposit types. The results reveal a significant impact of magnetite on the economic Co resources within the deposits. The correlation analysis between Co and other elements in magnetite supports the conclusion that higher Co concentrations in magma and fluids, elevated temperatures, and lower oxygen fugacity are favorable conditions for the formation of Co-rich magnetite. Feature importance evaluations of Light Gradient Boosting Machine models were employed to identify the primary factors controlling Co enrichment in magnetite across porphyry, iron oxide-apatite, iron oxide-copper–gold, magmatic Ni-Cu sulfide, skarn, and banded iron formation deposits. These models exhibit strong performance in classifying Co content in magnetite across various deposit types, achieving accuracies of 0.91–0.94 and minimum area under the curve exceeding 0.969. The evaluations identify the composition of the magma and fluid as the primary controlling factors for Co content in magnetite, followed by temperature and oxygen fugacity. In addition, considering skarn and porphyry deposits as examples, skarn Fe and Cu deposits typically contain higher Co content in magnetite compared to skarn W, Sn, Pb, and Zn deposits. Similarly, porphyry Cu and Au deposits generally show higher Co content in magnetite than porphyry Pb and Zn deposits. These observations suggest that variations in the initial compositions of magmatic-hydrothermal systems exert a significant influence on Co enrichment in mineral deposits. Moreover, the extensive crystallization of magnetite at higher temperatures, which precedes the formation of sulfides, tends to reduce the amount of Co available for incorporation into the sulfide phase. This study underscores the importance of considering the distribution between magnetite and sulfides when evaluating Co resources in magnetite-bearing deposits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"183 ","pages":"Article 106694"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144117071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Apatite and garnet geochronological and geochemical constraints on the properties and evolution of the Tielukan Cu polymetallic deposit, Jiangxi Province","authors":"Hai Wang ,&nbsp;Ying Wang ,&nbsp;Hairui Sun ,&nbsp;Haiping Fu ,&nbsp;Daoshui Feng ,&nbsp;Lin Xu ,&nbsp;Qingfei Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106677","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106677","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>During the forming process of magmatic rocks and related skarns, apatite and garnet typically accommodate various trace elements, whose variation could be utilized to monitor the ore-forming conditions within the magmatic-hydrothermal system. Situated in the Jiurui district, which lies along the Middle-Lower Yangtze River Metallogenic Belt (MLYRMB), the Tielukan copper polymetallic deposit represents a newly identified large-scale skarn deposit. Nevertheless, the age and the process of ore formation have not been well defined. In this study, analyses using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Electron Probe X-ray Micro-Analyzer (EPMA), and Laser Ablation inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) were conducted to investigate the textures, geochemistry, and ages of apatite and garnet from the Tielukan deposit, aiming to illustrate its formation mechanism. Garnet in the Tielukan deposit is classified into two generations, including anhedral Grt-Ⅰ and euhedral Grt-Ⅱ. U-Pb isotope dating using LA-ICP-MS reveals that apatite, Grt-Ⅰ, and Grt-Ⅱ were formed at 145 Ma, 140 Ma, and 141 Ma, respectively. These ages are in alignment, suggesting a genetic link between the skarn formation and granodiorite. The geochemistry shows that granodiorite is adakitic and the primitive magma had high F content and elevated ƒO_2, sourced from the interaction between enriched lithospheric mantle and thickened lower crust. The normalized REE pattern of garnet indicates that the fluid system evolved from the closed state to an open state, resulting elevation of acidity and salinity, reduction of ƒO₂ and precipitation of ore-forming materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"183 ","pages":"Article 106677"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144134840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ore-prospecting breakthrough and research advances on the fully concealed super-large Shuiyindong Carlin-type gold deposit in Guizhou Province, China","authors":"Songtao Li ,&nbsp;Chengfu Yang ,&nbsp;Zhuojun Xie ,&nbsp;Qinping Tan ,&nbsp;Zepeng Wang ,&nbsp;Faen Chen ,&nbsp;Xiaoye Jin ,&nbsp;Junhai Li ,&nbsp;Liangyi Xu ,&nbsp;Daiwei Tan ,&nbsp;Wei Gao ,&nbsp;Wenxing Tai ,&nbsp;Jianzhong Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106674","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106674","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Shuiyindong gold deposit (SGD) is the tenth largest Carlin-type gold deposit (CTGD) globally and the largest in Asia, which has undergone over 40 years of gold prospecting and exploration and more than 10 years of gold exploitation and utilization. However, the metallogenesis of the SGD remains controversial. Herein, we systematically reviewed the gold prospecting process and comprehensively analyzed the available research data on the SGD. The results demonstrate that (1) the SGD is a fully concealed super-large gold deposit with cumulative proven gold reserves of 308 t and orebody burial depths of 150–1,400 m, (2) the tectono-geochemical weak information extraction method can effectively reveal deep mineralization signatures and promote the discovery of deep orebodies, (3) the invisible gold in pyrite primarily occurs as lattice gold, (4) the chronological data of the SGD are primarily concentrated in 230–200 and 150–130 Ma and the gold mineralization may have been formed in the Early Cretaceous, and (5) the sources of ore-forming fluids and materials of the SGD are multi-source and related to magmatic hydrothermalism. Based on these findings, this study proposes a magmatism-driven metallogenic model for the SGD, providing a theoretical basis for further research and deep ore-prospecting of CTGDs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"183 ","pages":"Article 106674"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144105272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mineral prospectivity mapping of orogenic gold deposits using a mineral systems approach in the Huangling region, western Hubei","authors":"Huimin Wang ,&nbsp;Qinglin Xia ,&nbsp;Zhou Zhou ,&nbsp;Li Lei ,&nbsp;Yaqi Meng ,&nbsp;Changliang Chen ,&nbsp;Yin Gong ,&nbsp;Peng Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106681","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106681","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Huangling region hosts the only documented Precambrian gold metallogenic event within the Yangtze craton. However, dense vegetation significantly hinders direct-detection exploration techniques, necessitating a predictive targeting approach. This study proposes a mineral systems model for the gold deposits in the Huangling region, comprising four key components: geodynamics, fertility, architecture, and preservation. Geological, geophysical, and geochemical proxies corresponding to these components were identified. Regional tectonics associated with collisional processes are crucial geodynamic factors, elucidated through geomagnetic data analysis. Mantle-derived materials, consistent with the prevalence of mafic dykes, are considered the primary gold source, with coeval mafic dykes serving as a spatial proxy for architecture. Mineralization is structurally controlled by secondary NW- to NNW-trending faults, interpreted as fluid conduits and employed as a spatial proxy for architecture. While deposit preservation is reflected in post-formation geochemical signatures, the transported nature of stream sediment geochemical anomalies presents interpretational challenges. To address this challenge, the weighted drainage catchment basin method was implemented to refine anomaly patterns. For predictive modeling, both random forests (RF) and convolutional neural networks (CNN) were employed to integrate the four spatial proxies. The CNN model demonstrated superior performance, achieving an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.855, marginally outperforming the RF model (AUC = 0.797). Analysis of the success rate curve further revealed that the CNN model successfully predicted all known mineral occurrences within the top 50 % of the highest-probability zones. The application of deep learning methodologies exhibited remarkable efficacy in forecasting orogenic gold deposits. CNN-based mapping identified NW- to NNW-trending high-mineralization zones, which align with the known spatial distribution of gold deposits in the region. These results not only validate the model but also suggest promising exploration targets in adjacent and deeper areas. The majority of known deposits are situated within zones exceeding 80 % probability, while the model also identifies previously unexplored high-probability areas. These findings underscore the mineral systems approach as a robust and effective tool for prospectivity mapping of orogenic gold deposits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"183 ","pages":"Article 106681"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144105230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of gold precipitation processes between disseminated and quartz vein ores of orogenic gold deposits: insights from the Linglong gold field, Jiaodong Peninsula, China","authors":"Xian-Fa Xue ,&nbsp;Yue-Chuan Feng ,&nbsp;Murat Taner Tamer ,&nbsp;Tao Liu ,&nbsp;Kang Li ,&nbsp;Jia-Dong Ma ,&nbsp;Jia-Hui Zhou ,&nbsp;Hao-Cheng Yu ,&nbsp;Zheng-Jiang Ding","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106639","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106639","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The presence of disseminated ores and quartz vein ores in orogenic gold deposits, has given rise to an ongoing discourse surrounding the mechanisms of gold precipitation. This study employs trace element analysis and sulfur isotope analysis of pyrite in the orogenic Linglong gold field to comparatively assess the gold precipitation processes. Pyrite in disseminated ores (Pyd) is classified into Pyd1 and Pyd2, with gold primarily hosted in Pyd2, followed by Pyd1. In the context of quartz vein ores (Pyv), pyrite is subdivided into Pyv1, Pyv2, and Pyv3, with gold predominantly hosted in Pyv3. In the context of disseminated ores, the Au and As content is below the solid solubility limit of Au in pyrite, thereby suggesting that gold primarily exists as a solid solution (Au¹⁺). The lg (Co)/lg (Ni) ratios in Pyd are −0.11 ± 1.23, predominantly below 1, suggesting water–rock interactions. The significantly lower ratios observed in Pyd2 (−0.26 ± 1.21) suggest intense water–rock interaction. The Ag/Co ratios in Pyd1 and Pyd2 are 0.074 and 23.65, with relative standard deviations (RSD) of 31.57 and 25.91, respectively, indicating weak fluid boiling. Furthermore, the sulfur isotope values (medians of 5.51 ‰ ± 0.81 ‰) indicate stable oxygen fugacity in disseminated ores. The presence of visible gold in the quartz veins ores of Pyv2 and Pyv3, in contrast to the low gold content observed in the pyrite (median value of 0.03 ppm), further substantiates these observations. The lg (Co)/lg (Ni) ratio for Pyv is 0.98 ± 2.04, which is close to 1, indicating weak water–rock reactions. The Ag/Co ratios in Pyv1, Pyv2, and Pyv3 are 0.0008, 0.009, and 0.09, with RSD values of 10.5, 63.55, and 89.86, respectively. The values of Pyv2 and Pyv3 are significantly higher than those in Pyv, indicating fluid boiling. Furthermore, a decline in sulfur isotope values from 7.6 ‰ ± 0.2 ‰ in Pyv1 to 5.0 ‰ ± 1.2 ‰ in Pyv3 is indicative of an increase in oxygen fugacity. The analysis of pyrite indicates that gold precipitation in disseminated ore is predominantly attributable to water–rock reactions. In contrast, precipitation in quartz vein ores is primarily driven by fluid boiling, which is concomitant with elevated oxygen fugacity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"183 ","pages":"Article 106639"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144177735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geology and antimony mineralization of the Yangla polymetallic orefield in northwestern Yunnan, SW China: Evidence from in situ calcite U-Pb dating, fluid inclusions and H-O-S-Pb isotopes","authors":"Xinfu Wang ,&nbsp;Bo Li ,&nbsp;Shucheng Tan ,&nbsp;Xiaoqing Liu ,&nbsp;Fengze Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106682","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106682","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;The Yangla is the largest Cu-polymetallic deposit ([email protected] %Cu, 2.09 %Pb, 2.72 %Zn, 14.87 %Sb and 0.63 %WO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;) and can be regarded as a typical Cu-Pb-Zn-W-Sb- polymetallic composite metallogenic system in the Jinshajiang Suture Zone, SW China. Multi-periods nature of polymetallic mineralization (e.g., Indosinian Cu-Pb-Zn and Himalayan W) have been identified and certified in the Yangla polymetallic orefield. However, the formation age, origin and evolution of fluids, source of materials and deposition mechanism of antimony ore remain poorly understood. To elucidate the Sb ore formation age, fluid and material source and ore precipitation mechanism, we performed an integrated study of ore deposit geology, in situ U-Pb dating, H-O-S-Pb isotopes, and fluid inclusions in the Sb ore-related minerals. At Yangla, the Sb orebodies are mainly controlled by NE-trending fracture zones (Fj17 and Fj13) and hosted by carbonated, silicified and pyritized the Devonian Linong Formation (2nd member) marble. Mineralization comprises the pre-ore pyrite, &lt;em&gt;syn&lt;/em&gt;-ore sulfides-calcite-quartz, and post-ore supergene valentinite −limonite-romeite stage. In-situ calcite U-Pb dating showed that the timing of antimony mineralization was 29 Ma. This mineralization age is significantly later than the published Cu mineralization age (ca. 230 Ma), skarn (ca. 231 Ma) and granitoid emplacement age (ca. 230 Ma), and slightly later than tungsten mineralization (ca. 30 Ma) in the Yangla orefield. Liquid-rich and minor pure liquid fluid inclusions have been identified in quartz, calcite and stibnite. Microthermometric analysis revealed that the fluid inclusions in quartz I (early &lt;em&gt;syn&lt;/em&gt;-ore stage), quartz Ⅱ (main &lt;em&gt;syn&lt;/em&gt;-ore stage), calcite Ⅱ, and stibnite Ⅱ homogenized at 185 − 245 (&lt;em&gt;n&lt;/em&gt; = 64), 127 − 204 (&lt;em&gt;n&lt;/em&gt; = 100), 108 − 215 (&lt;em&gt;n&lt;/em&gt; = 75), and 148 − 191℃ (&lt;em&gt;n&lt;/em&gt; = 10), respectively, with corresponding salinities of 1.74 − 13.51, 2.57 − 14.04, 2.57 − 11.46, and 1.74 − 4.96 wt%NaCleq. The Sb ore-forming fluids can thus be attributed to a low temperature-salinity H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O ± CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;-NaCl system. The calculated δ&lt;sup&gt;18&lt;/sup&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;H2O&lt;/sub&gt; (5.39–6.26 ‰) and δD (−136.90 to − 123.10 ‰) (&lt;em&gt;n&lt;/em&gt; = 8) values of quartz suggest a magmatic-hydrothermal mixed formation/meteoric water source. Fluid mixing-induced cooling and water/rock interaction may have played an important role in the Yangla Sb ore precipitation. The stibnite δ&lt;sup&gt;34&lt;/sup&gt;S values (4.41–21.47 ‰, avg. 8.80 ‰; &lt;em&gt;n&lt;/em&gt; = 37) indicate a largely granitic rock and marine carbonate sulfur source. The &lt;sup&gt;206&lt;/sup&gt;Pb/&lt;sup&gt;204&lt;/sup&gt;Pb = 18.413–18.785, &lt;sup&gt;207&lt;/sup&gt;Pb/&lt;sup&gt;204&lt;/sup&gt;Pb = 15.699–15.980 and &lt;sup&gt;208&lt;/sup&gt;Pb/&lt;sup&gt;204&lt;/sup&gt;Pb = 38.725–39.428 (&lt;em&gt;n&lt;/em&gt; = 37) of stibnite imply that the Pb was sourced from granitoids and upper crustal materials. Thus, our in-situ calcite U-Pb, fluid inclusions and H-O-S-Pb isotopic data suggest that the","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"183 ","pages":"Article 106682"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144088931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ore-forming process of the rhythmic layered pegmatite imprinted in quartz: Implications for melt-melt-fluid immiscibility and pressure dependence","authors":"Woohyun Choi ,&nbsp;Changyun Park ,&nbsp;Chul-Ho Heo ,&nbsp;Seok-Jun Yang ,&nbsp;Il-Hwan Oh ,&nbsp;Jeongmin Kim ,&nbsp;Youseong Lee ,&nbsp;Jongkyu Park ,&nbsp;Kyung Su Park","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106675","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106675","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cathodoluminescence observations of quartz from the orebody of the Uljin Li-pegmatite reveal at least four distinct formation stages. Large pegmatitic quartz exhibits rhythmic layered textures, featuring interlayered banding with lepidolite and albitite. These quartz grains exhibit three distinct CL colors. The blue CL zone (BCZ), characterized by a coarse-grained, massive appearance, decreases in dominance from the outer to the inner core. Its high Li and Al content, combined with the lowest δ¹⁸O values, suggest a silicic melt origin. The green CL zone (GCZ) consists of fine-grained quartz and displays sharp boundaries with the BCZ. The mosaic and fracture-healing textures indicate that pressure drops occurred before crystallization. The yellow CL zone (YCZ) is predominantly fine-grained and features fracture-filling textures, typically accompanied by mineral inclusions. Decreasing Al and Li content, along with an increase in K and Na content from GCZ to YCZ, indicates a peralkaline aqueous melt origin. Steady B composition in these pegmatitic quartz suggests non-isobaric segregation of melts, implying pressure change during melt immiscibility.</div><div>In addition to large pegmatitic quartz, secondary hydrothermal quartz is associated with fine-grained muscovite and albite. Its CL intensities are similar to the YCZ of the pegmatitic quartz, and it has the highest δ¹⁸O values. The reduced Na composition suggests that crystallization occurred after albitite formation, while the highest Ge composition indicates the lowest formation temperature, suggesting an aqueous fluid origin. Consistent increase in δ¹⁸O throughout the evolution suggests limited external fluid input during pegmatite formation.</div><div>These textural and geochemical findings of quartz from the Uljin Li-pegmaite highlight the significant role of the pressure release–build-up process during pegmatite melt evolution. This process triggers melt-melt-fluid immiscibility and results in the formation of rhythmic layered pegmatite cores.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"183 ","pages":"Article 106675"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144098502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post-magma hydrothermal activity contributed to the generation of Bachi ion-adsorption REE deposits in South China: implications from U-Pb dating and geochemistry of REE-bearing accessory minerals","authors":"Xu Zhao ,&nbsp;Ning-bo Li ,&nbsp;Hai-jun Yu ,&nbsp;Yan-ning Wang ,&nbsp;He-cai Niu","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106678","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106678","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydrothermal alteration leading to rare earth elements (REE) mobilization from primary allanite and titanite favors the generation of ion-adsorption REE deposits in South China. However, the timing of regional hydrothermal activity and its relationship with regional tectonic evolution are unknown. This paper provides in-situ geochronology and geochemical data on the REE-rich minerals of titanite, allanite, and zircons from the granites in the giant Bachi ion-adsorption REE deposits. Titanite in the biotite granites is altered with the occurrence of porous ilmenite and synchisite-(Ce) infilled in its fractures, and shows a negative correlation between F and light REE contents. Parts of the titanite were totally altered and were replaced by minor-seized fluorite, apatite, xenotime, rutile, synchysite-(Ce), and unidentified minerals dominantly consisting of Si-Y-Nd-O. Allanite was also altered, and secondary synchisite-(Ce) occurs in the fractures of the altered allanite. The fluid responsible for the alteration was F-rich and REE-deficient, and the hydrothermal alteration caused the generation of more easily weathered REE minerals, including synchisite-(Ce). Zircon and primary allanite U-Pb dating indicate that the granite was intruded in the Late Jurassic (150–153 Ma), and titanite U-Pb dating shows that the hydrothermal alteration occurred in the Early Cretaceous (Ca. 132 Ma). The altered time is consistent with regional large-scale F-rich fluid activity, which also accounts for the generation of widely distributed Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous fluorite deposits in South China. In this period, F-rich fluids could not only be released from the subducting slab due to the regional tectonic transition from flat to steep subduction, but also resulted from the fluid exsolution in the evolved F-rich magma in the long-term extensional settings. These fluids induced REE mobilization from granites, generating more soluble REE minerals, which favors the generation of ion-adsorption REE deposits in South China. The large-scale fluid activity in South China’s long-term extensional setting may be a key factor for the widespread distribution of ion-adsorption REE deposits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"183 ","pages":"Article 106678"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144068082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}