Ore Geology Reviews最新文献

{"title":"New annular carbonatite-derived Fe-REE-Nb ore structure in southern Morocco: Unveiling a large alkaline province in NW Africa","authors":"Cheikh-Elwali Malainine ,&nbsp;Muhammad Ouabid ,&nbsp;Otmane Raji ,&nbsp;Jean-Louis Bodinier ,&nbsp;Fleurice Parat ,&nbsp;Othman Sadki ,&nbsp;Mustapha Essaadaoui ,&nbsp;Carlos J. Garrido ,&nbsp;Mostafa Benzaazoua","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106848","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106848","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Owing to their natural affinity to concentrate critical metals, including rare earth elements (REE), carbonatite rocks and their weathering products constitute economically important exploration targets. Linked to a growing demand driven by new green technologies, cratonic margins have increasingly undergone prospection for such critical metal deposits. This study presents a new carbonatite occurrence in the <em>peri</em>-cratonic terrain of the Reguibat Shield (Morocco). This recently discovered Terghat structure, with its wide and distinctive, ring-shaped outcrops (Ø = 9.5 km), is covered by both extensive regolith and silica breccia rocks. Rare outcropping carbonatites comprise calcite carbonatites with subordinate apatite, Fe-oxides, and phlogopite, with minor carbocernaite, synchysite, and ancylite as principal REE-bearing phases. Together with whole-rock trace element profiles, these features are strikingly similar to those observed in ring-shaped structures of the Twihinate-Lamlaga-Lahjayra (TLL) complex, within the western Oulad Dlim Massif. Such similarities are suggestive of a genetic link between the Terghat carbonatite and Cretaceous alkaline magmas of the TTL complex. Thick Fe-oxide/hydroxides bearing regolith also resemble carbonatite-derived regolith with total rare earth element oxide (TREO) and Nb₂O₅ enrichment (up to ∼ 3.7 % and 3.5 %, respectively), associated with crandallite-group minerals, monazite, and supergene residual pyrochlore. The silica breccia is also crosscut by monazite-rich veins and hydrothermally altered pyrochlore, linked to intense metasomatism affecting pre-existing quartzitic rocks. In spite of their different mineralogy, these lithofacies display similar REE fractionation with high LREE enrichment, inherited from underlying carbonatites. Accordingly, both hydrothermal alteration and subsequent weathering have played an important role in the redistribution of critical elements and metal deposition. As observed, the Terghat structure represents a new opportunity to investigate carbonatite-related critical element enrichment through sub-solidus processes. It also offers a promising link to broader alkaline magmatic activity and underscores the potential for future discoveries of REE and other critical mineral deposits in NW West African Craton margin.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 106848"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144890338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geochronology and geochemistry of the Aobaoshan crystalline graphite ore cluster in the Dunhuang Block, Gansu, NW China","authors":"Qingyan Tang ,&nbsp;Zhuoming Li ,&nbsp;Hong Song ,&nbsp;Chi Zhao ,&nbsp;Pengfei Di ,&nbsp;Tianyu Qin ,&nbsp;Yan Zhang ,&nbsp;Tengda Yang ,&nbsp;Min Qiao ,&nbsp;Wei Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106840","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106840","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Dunhuang block is located in the southwest of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB). Within this region, the Aobaoshan crystalline graphite ore cluster (ACGOC) occurs in the southern part of the Dunhuang block. These graphite deposits are hosted by two-mica quartz schist of Dunhuang group. We present the petrography, major and trace elements, zircon U-Pb ages, and carbon isotopes for the mineralized two-mica quartz schist from the ACGOC. Zircon U-Pb age dating reveals that the ages of 2442 ± 15 Ma and 2462 ± 20 Ma are interpreted as the maximum depositional ages of the sedimentary protoliths, while those of 1756 ± 10 Ma and 1821 ± 20 Ma reflect high-grade metamorphism in the Aobaoshan (ABS) and Hongliuxia (HLX) crystalline graphite deposits. A Silurian-Devonian-magmatic tectonic-thermal event at 407 ± 11 Ma is recorded in the Daaobaogou (DABG) deposit. Collectively, these results suggest at least two major tectonic-thermal events in the Dunhuang block. The whole-rock samples are enriched in silicon, and exhibit low total rare-earth element abundances (∑REE = 50.9–164.9 ppm). Their (La/Yb)_N ratios vary widely (0.48–7.35), accompanied by consistently negative Eu anomalies (δEu = 0.55–1.19). Primitive mantle-normalized trace element patterns reveal obvious depletions in Nb, Ta, Zr, and Hf, coupled with enrichments in Rb, Ba, and Sr, indicating a marine sedimentary environment for the ACGOC rocks. The restoration of metamorphic protoliths indicates that the protoliths of metamorphic rocks in the study area are mainly shale, clay rock, and greywacke, which is resulted from the shallow water environment with weak hydrodynamic transport conditions, likely associated with island arc and active continental margin. The identified paleosalinity type of paleo-water body was fresh-brackish water. The crystalline graphite yields δ¹³C_V-PDB in the range of –21.8 ‰ to –25.6 ‰, consistent with a predominantly biogenic organic matter. Our findings indicate that the formation of crystalline graphite deposits in the ACGOC was controlled by at least two tectonic-thermal events, including Paleoproterozoic high-grade metamorphism (1821 ± 20 Ma and 1756 ± 10 Ma) and a Silurian-Devonian magmatic-tectonic-thermal event (407 ± 11 Ma).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 106840"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144892290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Uplift and exhumation history of western Dangreyongcuo, Tibet: implications for preservation of the Xinlong gold deposit","authors":"Rongkun Zhang ,&nbsp;Juxing Tang ,&nbsp;Huanhuan Yang ,&nbsp;Wei Chen ,&nbsp;Qingping Liu ,&nbsp;Jiajia Yu ,&nbsp;Qi Zhang ,&nbsp;Xuelian Fu ,&nbsp;Xinjuan Liang","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106846","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106846","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The western Dangreyongcuo area, located in the central-northern part of the Central Lhasa terrane, has witnessed a significant breakthrough in lode gold exploration through the recent discovery of the Xinlong gold deposit within continental volcanic sequences. As a key sector for investigating the tectono-thermal evolution of the Central Lhasa terrane, its post-Mesozoic cooling-exhumation processes provide critical constraints on deciphering the Tibetan Plateau uplift dynamics and associated resource-environmental feedbacks. However, this region has received limited systematic investigation to date. This study conducts zircon and apatite (U-Th)/He dating, along with apatite fission track dating, on granites from the Wenbu batholith in western Dangreyongcuo. Integrating these results with the tectonic-thermal evolution of the Lhasa terrane, we reveal the uplift and exhumation history of western Dangreyongcuo since the Mesozoic. Thermochronological data from five samples collected across the eastern and western sectors of the Wenbu batholith yield weighted mean zircon (U-Th)/He ages between 92.7 ± 3.6 Ma and 62.7 ± 2.5 Ma, weighted mean apatite (U-Th)/He ages between 53.9 ± 3.1 Ma and 32.8 ± 1.1 Ma, and central apatite fission track ages between 63 ± 3 Ma and 56 ± 3 Ma. HeFTy modeling reveals three cooling-exhumation phases in the western Dangreyongcuo region since the Late Cretaceous: Ⅰ) Rapid cooling stage (95–60 Ma): Cooling and exhumation rates were ∼2.9 °C/Myr and ∼95.2 m/Myr, respectively, associated with Lhasa-Qiangtang terrane collision and Neo-Tethyan Ocean northward subduction. Ⅱ) Slow cooling stage (60–35 Ma): Cooling and exhumation rates decreased to ∼0.8 °C/Myr and ∼26.7 m/Myr, linked to prolonged low-elevation, slow-uplift conditions in the Central Valley. Ⅲ) Renewed rapid cooling stage (35 Ma-present): Cooling and exhumation rates increased to ∼1.4 °C/Myr and ∼47.6 m/Myr, related to Lhasa lithospheric delamination and post-∼15 Ma Miocene activity of the Dangreyongcuo Rift, both driven by ongoing India-Eurasia collision. The integration of findings from this study with low-temperature thermochronological data from the Lhasa terrane collectively demonstrates differential evolution between the eastern and central sectors within the Central Lhasa terrane, while the entire Tibetan Plateau interior has undergone significant differential uplift since the Mesozoic. The preservation of the Xinlong high-sulfidation epithermal gold deposit despite intense uplift-denudation primarily resulted from protective burial by post-mineralization Zenong Group volcanic cover and fault-induced thickening of overlying strata caused by normal fault displacement. Prolonged low-elevation conditions and slow uplift rates within the Central Valley during the Eocene enhanced the preservation potential of the orebody.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 106846"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144890296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two Nb-Ta mineralization events coeval with the metallogeny of Gongchangling iron ores in the North China Craton: Constraints from geochronology of the columbite-group minerals","authors":"Jing Liu ,&nbsp;Jianfei Fu ,&nbsp;Yuzeng Yao ,&nbsp;Rongrong Guo ,&nbsp;Changming Wei ,&nbsp;Sheng Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106842","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106842","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gongchangling iron deposit is famous for its large amount of high-grade magnetite ore, thus most of the researches focused on Gongchangling mining area Ⅱ due to the bulky high-grade iron ore. In this study, the U-Pb dating of the columbite-group minerals from the hanging wall granite in Gongchangling mining area Ⅰ yields two ages, i.e., 2501 ± 14 Ma and 1845 ± 20 Ma. The chemical compositions of the columbite-group minerals of both ages are always characterized by Nb &gt; Ta, Fe &gt; Mn, low U/Th, and relatively enriched HREE_N content, in consideration of the regionally ∼1.85 Ga mono- and multi-mineral uranium mineralization, the rare metal mineralization should be of NYF-type. The ∼2.50 Ga mineralization is coeval with the Lijiapuzi pegmatite Nb-Ta deposit, indicative of the excellent regional late Neoarchean Nb-Ta mineralization potential in eastern Liaoning Province; the ∼1.85 Ga event of Nb-Ta mineralization suggests that the widespread Paleoproterozoic plutons within Jiao-Liao-Ji belt and Trans-North China Orogen should be concerned in the near future. The intimate spatiotemporal relationship implies that the Paleoproterozoic Nb-Ta mineralization and the high-grade iron ores in the Gongchangling deposits were probably the products of the same geologic process, providing critical insights into the ore-forming process of both deposit types.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 106842"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144886163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Garnet geochronology and mineral geochemistry of the Veliki Krivelj porphyry-skarn Cu deposit, eastern Serbia: Implications for skarn formation and hydrothermal fluid evolution","authors":"Bo Xing ,&nbsp;Wenyuan Liu ,&nbsp;Guiqing Xie ,&nbsp;Jing Xu ,&nbsp;Wei Zheng ,&nbsp;Luyan Chen ,&nbsp;Dongping Rao ,&nbsp;Hu Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106841","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106841","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Veliki Krivelj large porphyry-skarn Cu deposit in Serbia is located in the Timok metallogenic district on the western margin of the Tethyan metallogenic domain. The ore bodies are predominantly hosted in altered andesite, quartz diorite porphyry, skarn and marble, and are structurally controlled by NNW-trending faults. Previous studies have focused on porphyry Cu mineralization, while systematic understanding of skarn Cu mineralization remains limited. Based on detailed geological investigations of skarn orebodies, this study focuses on the geochronology and elemental geochemistry of garnet within them. Detailed petrographic investigations reveal that garnets occur in three lithological units: tuffaceous hornfels (Grt I), quartz diorite porphyry (Grt II), and marble (Grt III), exhibiting multistage compositional zoning: (1) Grt I displays core-to-rim evolution from Grt Ia (Gro_69-75And_25-30) → Grt Ib (Gro_44-63And_34-55) → Grt Ic (Gro_0-14And_86-99), marked by progressive depletion in grossular (Gro) and enrichment in andradite (And); (2) Grt II transitions from Al-rich cores (Grt IIa: Gro_33-46And_52-66) to Fe³⁺-dominant rims (Grt IIb: Gro₁_-9And_90-98); (3) Grt III comprises pure andradite (Gro_0-4And_95-99). Trace element analyses indicate that Grt Ia and Grt Ib display weak HREE enrichment with LREE depletion, weak or absent Eu anomalies, and uniform Y/Ho ratios, suggesting formation in a reduced, low water/rock ratio, near-neutral closed system dominated by magmatic fluids. In contrast, Grt Ic, Grt IIa, Grt IIb, and Grt III exhibit LREE enrichment with HREE depletion, pronounced positive Eu anomalies, and variable Y/Ho ratios, indicative of formation in an oxidized, high water/rock ratio, weakly acidic open system involving both magmatic fluids and variable contributions from meteoric water. Garnet U-Pb dating constrains skarn Cu mineralization at 86.4 ± 1.9 Ma, coeval with porphyry mineralization (∼88 Ma) and quartz diorite porphyry emplacement (85–87 Ma). Comprehensive analysis suggests that the porphyry and skarn mineralization belong to the products of the same magmatic-hydrothermal mineralization system, and the quartz diorite porphyry may be the parental rock of the Veliki Krivelj skarn. This study provides critical mineralogical constraints for guiding further exploration in the mining area.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 106841"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144886165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early Jurassic porphyry–skarn Cu–Mo–Pb–Zn system in the Erguna Block, NE China: A case study of the Xiahulin deposit","authors":"Shunda Li ,&nbsp;Wenjiao Xiao ,&nbsp;He Yang ,&nbsp;Chuan Chen ,&nbsp;Miao Sang ,&nbsp;Qigui Mao ,&nbsp;Lingling Gao ,&nbsp;Fang Xia","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106847","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106847","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Xiahulin deposit, recently discovered in the Erguna Block, northeastern China, represents a typical skarn Pb–Zn deposit. However, its ore-forming mechanism, tectonic setting, and role within the regional metallogenic system remain unclear. To address these knowledge gaps, this study investigates H–O–S–Pb isotopes, fluid inclusions (FIs), U–Pb geochronology, and geochemical analyses. At the Xiahulin deposit, Pb–Zn mineralization is noted within the contact zone between the Sinian Ergunahe marble and the Early Jurassic porphyritic granite. The following three mineralization stages were identified: the pre-ore skarn (I), the <em>syn</em>-ore quartz–sulfide (II), and the post-ore quartz–calcite (III). Three types of FIs were observed: vapor-rich, liquid-rich, and halite-bearing. The FI homogenization temperatures for stages I, II, and III range from 345–445 °C, 260–365 °C, and 165–258 °C, with salinities ranging from 6.7–49.1, 4.6–15.6, and 3.7–8.1 wt% NaCl equivalent, respectively. According to H–O isotope information, the ore-forming fluids, after originating from magmatic water, were diluted progressively by meteoric water during migration. The principal mechanisms driving Pb–Zn precipitation were phase separation and dilution. According to the S–Pb isotope information, the porphyritic granite, and the Sinian Ergunahe marble constituted the sources of ore-forming substances. The porphyritic granite, as the causative intrusion, displayed a U–Pb age of 199.7 ± 1.5 Ma, consistent with the regional porphyry Cu–Mo metallogenesis (206–181 Ma). The geochemical characteristics indicate that the intrusions associated with regional porphyry–skarn Cu–Mo–Pb–Zn metallogenesis share similar characteristics, exhibiting adakitic signatures and formation within a subduction-related volcanic arc setting. Herein, we propose an Early Jurassic porphyry–skarn Cu–Mo–Pb–Zn metallogenic model linked to the Mongol–Okhotsk Ocean tectonic regime within the Erguna Block. This model deepens our understanding of regional metallogenic processes and provides insights to guide mineral exploration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 106847"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144880031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Middle Triassic gold-forming event of the Jiapigou ore district, northeast China: Evidence from pyrite Re-Os geochronology of the Sandaocha deposit","authors":"Xiaotian Zhang ,&nbsp;Fang Chen ,&nbsp;Jilong Han ,&nbsp;Jinggui Sun ,&nbsp;Fei Xia ,&nbsp;Jiayong Pan ,&nbsp;Ying Liu ,&nbsp;Fujun Zhong","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106827","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106827","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Sandaocha lode gold deposit is a representative example of the Jiapigou Ore District (JOD), located at the<!--> <!-->northeastern edge of the North China Craton. The orebodies are composed of auriferous polymetallic sulfide–quartz veins hosted within Neoarchean to early Paleoproterozoic metamorphosed intrusions and supracrustal rocks, and are governed by NNE-striking ductile–brittle secondary faults. Mineralogical assemblages and cross-cutting relationships reveal that the deposit formed through three mineralization stages: (Ⅰ) arsenopyrite–pyrite–quartz, (Ⅱ) gold–polymetallic sulfide–quartz, and (Ⅲ) carbonate–quartz. The Re-Os isochron age of 239 ± 3 Ma (MSWD = 1.5), obtained from six pyrite samples of stage Ⅱ, constrains the Sandaocha gold mineralization to the Middle Triassic and reveals the oldest-known gold-forming event in the JOD. Geological, chronological, and H-O isotopic results indicate that the Sandaocha gold mineralization has close temporal-spatial and genetic links with coeval magmatic-hydrothermal event. Moreover, chronological data from this and previous studies indicates that the JOD underwent at least three distinct periods of gold mineralization. The ca. 239–204 Ma gold-forming event occurred during the extensional period following the Paleo-Asian Ocean closure, the ca. 178–170 Ma gold-forming event occurred in a compression–extension transitional setting towards the end of Paleo-Pacific Plate subduction, and the ca. 156–152 Ma gold-forming event was associated with the post-subduction extensional setting.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 106827"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144864366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics of deep ore-forming fluids in the Jiaojia gold belt, Jiaodong gold province (China)","authors":"Xing-Hui Li ,&nbsp;Hong-Rui Fan ,&nbsp;Jie Luo ,&nbsp;Yong-Wen Zhang ,&nbsp;Qing-Dong Zeng ,&nbsp;Rui Bai ,&nbsp;Jin-Jian Wu ,&nbsp;Zhe-Ming Zhang ,&nbsp;Fang-Fang Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106832","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106832","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Genesis of the Jiaodong gold deposits, the largest gold producer in China, remains debated due to uncertainties in ore-forming fluid source and characteristics, particularly at depth (&gt;−600 m). This study investigates deep mineralization (−1000 to −2000 m) in the Qujia gold deposit through integrated fluid inclusion, trace elements and sulfur isotopes of pyrite, with comparisons to Xincheng, Qianchen, and Zhaoxian deposits in Jiaojia gold belt. Fluid inclusions in Qujia evolve from early H₂O-CO₂-NaCl (type I, 315–370 ℃), through CO₂-rich (type II, 245–310 ℃) and H₂O-NaCl (type III, 187–305 ℃) to late aqueous H₂O-NaCl (type III, 136–175 ℃), with salinities of 1.62 to 9.74 wt% NaCl equiv., defining a low-medium-temperature, low-salinity H₂O-CO₂-NaCl system. Deep fluids in Qujia, Qianchen and Zhaoxian show consistent evolutionary trends of decreasing temperatures and salinities from early to late stages. They have less CH₄ than shallow fluids, suggesting CH₄ incorporation by fluid-rock interaction. Vertical analysis reveals uniform fluid properties across −1800 m to −200 m interval, except for late-stage cooling towards shallower levels due to meteoric water mixing. Pyrite (Py1, Py2 to Py3) trace elements display decreasing Co/Ni from 0.2 to 3.9 to 0.01–1.1, and increasing As and Au concentrations from early to late stages, which suggest magmatic-hydrothermal origin of fluids, with later crustal input through fluid-rock interaction. Fluid inclusions and pyrite trace elements reveal that fluid immiscibility and fluid-rock interaction, as potential gold-precipitation mechanisms, occurred during main mineralization stages. Sulfur isotopes in pyrite (δ³⁴S = +9.3 to + 12.3 ‰ in Qujia) are homogeneous across depths and deposits in the Jiaojia gold belt, implying a subcontinental lithospheric mantle source for the ore-forming fluids.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 106832"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144880029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ore-forming fluid characteristics and genesis of the Liaoshang gold deposit, Jiaodong Peninsula","authors":"Le Chang ,&nbsp;Guangzhou Mao ,&nbsp;Zhengjiang Ding ,&nbsp;Qinglin Xu ,&nbsp;Mingzhen Li ,&nbsp;Guo Ye ,&nbsp;Kefan Zhang ,&nbsp;Yanshan Li ,&nbsp;Shengjie Lu ,&nbsp;Tieliang He ,&nbsp;Yiwen Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106825","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106825","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Liaoshang gold deposit is situated in the mineralized district on the northeastern margin of the Jiaolai Basin. Tectonically, it lies within the northeast margin of the Jiaolai Basin, which is part of the Jiaobei Block in the North China Craton. Regional strata are dominated by the Paleoproterozoic Jingshan Group and the Cenozoic Quaternary. The mineralization of the Liaoshang gold deposit is divided into three stages: Ⅰ: pyrite-dolomite stage; Ⅱ: gold-polymetallic sulfide-dolomite stage; Ⅲ: quartz-dolomite stage. Dolomite is one of the primary gold-bearing minerals. To clarify the sources and properties of ore-forming fluids and materials, explore the mineralization process, and reveal the deposit genesis, this study conducted petrographic observations, microthermometric analyses, and laser Raman spectroscopy of fluid inclusions in gold-bearing dolomite from the main mineralization stage, along with C-O isotope analyses of gold-bearing dolomite. Fluid inclusion studies indicate that the ore-forming fluids during the main mineralization stage of the Liaoshang gold deposit belong to a CO₂-H₂O-NaCl fluid system, characterized by medium temperature (238–321℃), low salinity (3.71–10.33 wt%), low density (0.45–0.62 g/cm³), and high contents of CO₂ and H₂O. C-O isotope analyses of gold-bearing dolomite from the main mineralization stage yield δ¹³C_V-PDB values of −2.3 to −4.1 ‰ and δ¹⁸O_V-SMOW values of 8.8 to 10.7 ‰ for dolomite, suggesting that the ore-forming fluids were primarily derived from magmatic sources or deep-seated magmatic fluids. Comprehensive analysis indicates the mineralization process of the Liaoshang gold deposit as follows: During the Early Cretaceous, under the subduction of the Pacific Plate, the region transitioned from a compressional stress field to an extensional stress field. Asthenospheric materials ascended and underwent differentiation and evolution; multi-source mixed ore-forming fluids, accompanying magmatic activity, migrated upward, filled, and crystallized along early-formed fault structures. These fluids leached part of the ore-forming materials from the Jingshan Group, then enriched and precipitated at detachment structures on the basin margin, ultimately forming the Liaoshang-type pyrite-carbonate vein-type gold deposit.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 106825"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144864365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ore genesis of the Erdaodianzi gold deposit in Jilin Province, Northeast China: Constraints from Re–Os isotopes and geochemistry of pyrite","authors":"Chan Li ,&nbsp;Qun Yang ,&nbsp;Yun-sheng Ren ,&nbsp;Hao-zhe Li ,&nbsp;Si-tong Chen ,&nbsp;Yao-heng Fang ,&nbsp;Wen-tan Xu ,&nbsp;Bin Wang ,&nbsp;Ming-fang Xu ,&nbsp;Qing-qing Shang","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106830","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106830","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;The Erdaodianzi gold deposit in Jilin Province, Northeast China, is a newly discovered large-scale gold deposit within the Paleozoic metamorphic rock sequences in the eastern segment of the northern margin of the North China Craton. The mineralization process of the Erdaodianzi gold deposit can be divided into four stages: quartz–pyrite–arsenopyrite (Stage I), quartz–pyrite–arsenopyrite–pyrrhotite–native gold–chalcopyrite (Stage II), quartz–chalcopyrite–pyrite–sphalerite–galena–electrum–marcasite (Stage III) and quartz–carbonate ± pyrite (Stage IV). Stage II is the most important for gold mineralization. Pyrite is the dominant gold-bearing mineral, which can be classified into three generations (Py1 to Py3), corresponding to mineralization stage I to stage III, respectively. In order to constrain the ore genesis of the Erdaodianzi gold deposit, Re–Os isotope dating and the geochemistry of pyrite were conducted. The electron probe microanalyzer (EPMA) data of 61 pyrites indicate that the value of S/Fe in pyrites from the Erdaodianzi gold deposit is relatively low (average Py1 = 2.00, Py2 = 1.97, Py3 = 1.96), which suggests a sulfur‑deficient character associated with magmatic activity. The in situ Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) data indicate that pyrites (Py2) from the major mineralization stage are rich in Au, As, Cu, Pb, and Zn, but poor in Co, Ni, Sb, and Bi. Visible gold grains are primarily composed of native gold and electrum. The gold content in pyrite is significantly below the gold solubility limit, indicating that invisible gold exists in the pyrite lattice in the form of Au&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;. In the Erdaodianzi gold deposit, fluid boiling and immiscibility led to the escape of volatiles and oxygen fugacity (&lt;em&gt;f&lt;/em&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;) in the ore-forming fluids decreased, causing the instability of the Au(HS)&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;−&lt;/sup&gt; complex, which promotes the precipitation of gold and the formation of gold-bearing sulfides. In this study, the sulfur isotopic values of pyrites (Py1 = 0.73 ‰&lt;em&gt;–&lt;/em&gt;2.05 ‰, Py2 = 1.78 ‰&lt;em&gt;–&lt;/em&gt;3.24 ‰, Py3 = 4.16 ‰&lt;em&gt;–&lt;/em&gt;5.89 ‰) indicates that the mineralization materials of the Erdaodianzi gold deposit mainly originate from magma. Additionally, the high Co/Ni ratio indicates that the pyrite is a magmatic-hydrothermal source. The Re–Os isotopic dating of five pyrites (Py2) from the Erdaodianzi gold deposit yield an isochron age of 172 ± 3 Ma (MSWD = 0.29) and the weighted average of the model ages is 172 ± 2 Ma (MSWD = 0.84), which constrains the mineralization age of the Erdaodianzi gold deposit to the Middle Jurassic. Based on all available data and regional geological, the Erdaodianzi gold deposit is a Middle Jurassic mesothermal magmatic-hydrothermal vein-type gold deposit. Comparative studies of the Erdaodianzi gold deposit and other gold deposits on the Jiapigou–Haigou gold belt (JHGB), it is confirmed that they are similar in terms of ore genesis and a","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 106830"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144880028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}