Ore Geology Reviews最新文献

{"title":"Ages, petrogenesis and metallogenesis implications of the Miocene adakite-like igneous rocks in the Beimulang porphyry Cu Deposit, southern Tibet","authors":"Yumin Ai ,&nbsp;Bing Xiao ,&nbsp;Junfeng Zhao ,&nbsp;Qiong Ci ,&nbsp;Yayun Zhao ,&nbsp;Jiaxuan Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2024.106249","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2024.106249","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Understanding the petrogenesis of Miocene adakite-like igneous rocks is crucial for unraveling the formation processes of post-collision porphyry copper deposits within the Gangdese orogenic belt. This study focuses on the mineralogical, geochronological, and geochemical characteristics of the Beimulang Miocene adakite-like igneous rock series, with particular emphasis on two types of diorite porphyry (DP1 and DP2), to constrain their petrogenesis. Zircon U-Pb dating indicates that the monzogranite (MG), monzogranite porphyry (MGP), DP1, DP2 and granite porphyry (GP) were emplaced at 14.8 ± 0.1 Ma, 14.6 ± 0.1 Ma, 14.6 ± 0.1 Ma, 13.2 ± 0.1 Ma and 12.5 ± 0.1 Ma, respectively. The major element compositions of the Beimulang Miocene intrusions exhibit a differentiation trend. The Sr-Nd isotopic compositions of the MG, MGP, and DP1 align with the mixing line between the juvenile lower crust and the potassic lamprophyres. Conversely, the Sr-Nd isotopic compositions of DP2 and GP fall precisely on the Sr-Nd mixing line between DP1 and the ultrapotassic lamprophyres. Considering the reverse zoning of plagioclase in the DP1 and presence of high-Mg phlogopite in the DP2, we suggest that the Miocene magmatic series at Beimulang likely derived from the mixing of partial melts of Gangdese juvenile lower crust and mantle-derived potassic-ultrapotassic magmas. The increase in Th/Yb ratios from DP1, MG, MGP to DP2 and GP suggests that the mantle metasomatism material may have evolved from slab-derived fluids to melts derived from Indian crustal sediments. The magmatic water content and oxidation calculated from zircon trace elements, are nearly identical among the ore-causative MG and MGP, and the barren GP. However, the decrease in V/Sc ratios from the MG and MGP to GP indicates that magnetite-driven magma sulfide saturation leads to the depletion of chalcophile elements, significantly reducing the Cu mineralization potential of the GP. We suggest that the higher degree of magmatic evolution leads to the barren nature of Beimulang granite porphyry.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169136824003822/pdfft?md5=2b3165363674ecbe3c7e904d7e919753&pid=1-s2.0-S0169136824003822-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142259197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Origin of hydrothermal dolomitization in the Huize Zn–Pb ore district, SW China: Insights from in situ U–Pb dating, fluid inclusion, and C–O–Sr–Mg isotope analyses","authors":"Guangshen Cui ,&nbsp;Zhiwei Bao ,&nbsp;Qun Li ,&nbsp;Yang Xiao","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2024.106250","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2024.106250","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The temporal and genetic association between Mississippi Valley-type (MVT) Zn–Pb mineralization and hydrothermal dolomitization remains controversial. To determine the origin of hydrothermal dolomite and its genetic links with the MVT ore deposit, detailed petrographic observations and geochemical analyses were conducted on various carbonates from the giant Huize MVT Zn–Pb ore district in SW China. The following paragenetic sequence of the carbonates (from the early to late stages) was established: host limestone (ML), early diagenetic micritic dolostone (D1), late diagenetic or pre-ore fine- to medium-grained ferroan dolostone (D2) and medium- to coarse-crystalline non-ferroan dolostone (D3), pre-ore reworked D3 dolomite (D3o), ore-related void-filling dolomite cement (DC), and calcite cement (CC) related to sulfide mineralization. D2, D3, DC, and CC exhibit higher homogenization temperatures for fluid inclusion than the burial temperature, indicating a hydrothermal origin. Geochemical data indicate that D2, D3, D3o, DC, and CC display oxygen isotope depletion and radiogenic Sr isotope enrichment signatures relative to D1. Their parent fluids have more positive δ¹⁸O values and similar or lower δ²⁶Mg values relative to those of D1 and seawater. These geochemical proxies indicate that the pre-ore hydrothermal dolomites (D2 and D3) formed from modified seawater circulated in the underlying sandstone aquifers through fault-related thermal convection. DC and CC, related to Zn–Pb mineralization, were formed by the dissolution and reprecipitation of preexisting carbonates. Sphalerite shows higher temperatures and salinities compared with D2 and D3 dolostones, indicating that the ore-forming fluid, different from the hydrothermal dolomitizing fluid, originated from a deep-sourced brine. In situ U–Pb dating of D3o reveals that the pre-ore hydrothermal dolomitization occurred at 253.7 ± 8.7 Ma, and a late-stage hydrothermal imprint occurred at 203 ± 11 Ma, likely related to tectono-thermal events, including the Emeishan large igneous province and Indosinian Orogeny, respectively. These findings imply that the hydrothermal dolomitization and Zn–Pb mineralization in the Huize ore district are likely associated with the multistage basin and basement fluid flows driven by elevated geothermal gradient and tectonic compression, respectively. The void-filling DC and CC and their cathodoluminescence characteristics are useful indicators for MVT Zn–Pb ore exploration.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169136824003834/pdfft?md5=a8c4703cacbd117885d348804db6d98e&pid=1-s2.0-S0169136824003834-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142259235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantifying element mass transfer in the Jiling Na-metasomatic hydrothermal uranium deposit, Northwest China","authors":"Dong Shao ,&nbsp;Yigui Han ,&nbsp;Gang Wang ,&nbsp;Li Ma ,&nbsp;Jiajun He ,&nbsp;Guochun Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2024.106247","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2024.106247","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Na-metasomatic hydrothermal uranium deposits are relatively widespread, low in grade (less than 1 % U₃O₈) but high in tonnage. Although it has been considered that this type of deposit was formed due to hydrothermal alteration unrelated to magmatic activity, the detailed evolution of fluids and ore-forming process are still not well understood. Through element-mass-balance calculation and geochemical mapping of regional rocks, we investigated the Jiling uranium deposit in northwestern China and evaluated the composition and source of fluids and element-transfer behavior through Na-metasomatism and uranium mineralization. The findings show that, in the early Na-metasomatism stage, the Na-, HFSE- and REE-rich late-magmatic hydrothermal fluids caused Na-metasomatism of wall rocks, enriching Na₂O (&gt;53 %) while removing K₂O (&lt;-78 %), depleting SiO₂ (30 % in granite and 3 % in diorite), and massively mass-transferring Fe, Ti, P and some incompatible elements. With increased rock permeability and the formation of partial Fe²⁺-bearing minerals, the Na-metasomatic alteration produced reducing agents and migration channels for ore-forming fluids, as well as the creation of ∼ 15 vol% porosity in the altered granite for metallogenic space. In the late uranium mineralization stage, CO₂-rich fluids extracted uranium and HREEs, converted Fe²⁺ to Fe³⁺, and subsequently precipitated uranium to form pitchblende with apatite, calcite and chlorite. Thus, the Na-metasomatic alteration caused by late-magmatic hydrothermal fluids is critical for the production of large Na-metasomatic hydrothermal uranium deposits. Our new geochemical mapping reveals that the mass-concentration changes of Na, K and Si are more credible to defining Na-metasomatic alteration, while Fe, Ti, P, ∑(Zr-Hf-Nb-Ta) and ∑LREE/∑HREE vary strikingly during the uranium mineralization process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169136824003809/pdfft?md5=c5188e057abc083adad445b96dbec430&pid=1-s2.0-S0169136824003809-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142312595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Garnet U-Pb geochronology and geochemistry of the Pusangguo skarn deposit in Tibet: Insights into the genesis and fluid evolution during prograde skarn formation","authors":"Zhuang Li ,&nbsp;Xinghai Lang ,&nbsp;Yun Bai ,&nbsp;Zongyao Yang ,&nbsp;Feng Zhao ,&nbsp;Han Wu ,&nbsp;Jiayi Jia","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2024.106246","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2024.106246","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Pusangguo skarn deposit is located in the western part of the Gangdese metallogenic belt. Over the past few decades, the geology, petrogenesis, fluid inclusion and skarn mineralogy of this deposit have been studied in detail. However, there is still a lack of direct timing of the formation of the skarn at the Pusangguo deposit, which is critical to insight into the mineralization process. Two types of garnets were identified at the Pusangguo in this study, i.e., dark brown and coarse-grained garnet (Grt-1), and green to brown fine-grained garnet (Grt-2). At Pusangguo, the garnets mainly belong to andradite-grossular solid solution series. Grt-1 displays a more restricted composition range of Adr_{87.85–98.55}Grs_0–8.96, while the Grt-2 contains a broader range (Adr_{54.09–87.87}Grs_{11.53–44.73}). LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating of Grt-1 and Grt-2 yielded lower intercept ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U ages of 14.7 ± 2.2 Ma (n = 30, MSWD = 2.1) and 13.9 ± 1.3 Ma (n = 30, MSWD = 0.6), respectively, coeval with the ore formation and ore-related granodiorite. Grt-1 shows a slight enrichment in LREE and a depletion in HREE without apparent Eu anomalies, while Grt-2 exhibits an enrichment in LREE and a depletion in HREE with clear positive Eu anomalies. Correlations between ΣREE and Al, Fe³⁺, Fe²⁺, Mn²⁺, and Ca²⁺ together suggest that REE³⁺ incorporation into the Pusangguo garnet is most likely controlled by a coupled substitution mechanism related to Ca-site vacancies, and may also be influenced by external factors such as pH and oxygen fugacity (<em>f</em>O₂). The positive correlation between ΣREE and Y implies that Y³⁺ and REE³⁺ have similar geochemical behavior. Grt-1 has higher ΣREE, HFSE, U and Y contents than Grt-2. We propose that Grt-1 is probably formed by self-organizing at a relatively low growth rate, resulting in fluid Al/Fe fluctuations associated with changing external factors such as fluid mixing. The distinct geochemical properties of Grt-1 and Grt-2 indicate that Grt-1 likely originated in a nearly neutral to slightly acidic and oxidized environment with a lower W/R ratio, while Grt-2 could have formed in a more acidic and relatively reducing condition with a higher W/R ratio. Changes in redox, pH and W/R ratios led to a shift in composition from Grt-1 to Grt-2 as the hydrothermal fluid ascended. As the fluid underwent crystallization, there was a decrease in <em>f</em>O₂, resulting in a transition from a weakly acidic to a strongly acidic state. This change in fluid chemistry ultimately led to the precipitation of metal sulfides.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169136824003792/pdfft?md5=96b4d22425af643d7a9dfb6ea9250c75&pid=1-s2.0-S0169136824003792-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142316111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Garnet as a carrier of HREEs in highly fractionated peraluminous granite: Implications for the formation of ion-absorption HREE deposits","authors":"Yu-Yuan Yang ,&nbsp;Ning-Bo Li ,&nbsp;Jun Wang ,&nbsp;Xu Zhao ,&nbsp;Pan Qu ,&nbsp;Ao Li ,&nbsp;He-Cai Niu","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2024.106245","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2024.106245","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Ion-absorption rare earth element (REE) deposits in South China are the world’s most important source of heavy REEs (HREEs). These deposits were formed by the weathering of granitic rocks whose formation involved primary HREE enrichment. Previous studies have identified the key role of late-stage magmatic evolution, especially the magmatic–hydrothermal transition stage played in HREE enrichment, but the detailed processes need further investigation. Garnet is a common HREE carrier in parent rocks and also a main contributor of these elements in formation of ion-absorption HREE deposits. Here, we investigate textural and compositional variations in garnets from parent rock (muscovite granite) of the Dabu ion-absorption HREE deposit to constrain the primary HREE enrichment of the parent rock during late-stage magmatic evolution. Mass-balance calculations reveal that garnet accounts for ∼67 % of the Y and 64 % of the REEs in the Dabu muscovite granite. The garnets can be classified into three types: i) magmatic garnets (Grt-1A) are intergrown with plagioclase, K-feldspar, and quartz, host both melt and mineral inclusions, and have high REE + Y contents (6488–19,215 ppm); ii) magmatic–hydrothermal garnets (Grt-1B) occur as overgrowths on Grt-1A, host both melt and fluid inclusions, and have intermediate REE + Y contents (2681–8683 ppm); and iii) hydrothermal garnets (Grt-2) are intergranular with quartz and altered biotite, host primary fluid inclusions, and have the lowest REE + Y contents (476–1247 ppm). The texture and composition of the three types of garnet indicate that the magma have undergone a transition from a volatile-undersaturated to a volatile-oversaturated aqueous system. The fluid, from which some REE minerals precipitated, present in the magma system was derived from the magma itself rather than from an external source, as evidenced by the similarity in Nd isotopic composition between the REE minerals and the whole-rock samples. During this transition, the presence of high-HREE garnet prevents the HREE partitioning into refractory minerals (e.g., zircon, REE-bearing phosphate) or extracting from the magma system by the fluid. Our findings show that granites containing high-HREE garnet have high potential for forming ion-absorption HREE deposits and that garnet can reliably record their magmatic evolution.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169136824003780/pdfft?md5=96d60856226f545deb4d646f86ef9f64&pid=1-s2.0-S0169136824003780-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142239618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Classification of volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits in North Qilian, China: Evidenced from lithostratigraphy and geodynamic setting","authors":"Huanchao Xu,&nbsp;Xiang Sun,&nbsp;Ke Xiao,&nbsp;Shengjiang Suo,&nbsp;Xianyi Huang,&nbsp;Song Liu,&nbsp;Mingjun Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2024.106228","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2024.106228","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) deposits are widely distributed both geographically and temporally, occurring from ancient Archean cratons to modern submarine volcanic environments, with a notable surge during the Paleozoic era. The North Qilian orogenic belt in China is a prominent Paleozoic VMS metallogenic province, shaped by complex geological processes such as the opening of the Qilian Ocean, oceanic subduction, and arc-continent collision. Previous research has constrained the timing of VMS mineralization in the North Qilian to between 440 and 470 Ma, identifying two primary deposit types: Kuroko-type and Cyprus-type. However, ongoing debates persist regarding the classification and geodynamic framework of these VMS deposits. The recent surge in international research on VMS deposit classification and tectonic settings has prompted a reassessment of VMS mineralization within the North Qilian belt. This study revisits the geological and geochemical characteristics of VMS deposits in the region, identifying two distinct types: Mafic VMS deposits and Bimodal-Felsic VMS deposits. Furthermore, the metallogenic dynamics of the Shijuli, Jiugequan, and Baiyinchang deposits have been re-evaluated in the context of the structural evolution and contemporary interpretations in this area.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169136824003615/pdfft?md5=8306dead3f496cc89dc405ae09e3d6f5&pid=1-s2.0-S0169136824003615-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142271517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combined effect of magmatic fluid–seawater mixing and host rock alteration on the formation of gold-enriched massive sulfides in the Forecast vent field, southern Mariana Trough","authors":"Sun Ki Choi ,&nbsp;Sang Joon Pak ,&nbsp;Jonguk Kim ,&nbsp;Sunjin Lee ,&nbsp;Seungyeol Lee ,&nbsp;Wonnyon Kim ,&nbsp;Hwimin Jang ,&nbsp;Ryoung Gyun Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2024.106235","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2024.106235","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Massive sulfides and sulfide-bearing breccia were collected from the Forecast vent field in the southern Mariana Trough. These samples exhibit varying degrees of hydrothermal alteration and/or mineralization, with the former type having significant enrichments in Au (up to 101 ppm). In this study, detailed analyses of mineralogy, geochemistry, S isotope, and fluid inclusion were conducted to understand the unusual Au-rich mineralization. Mineralogical investigations and geochemical analyses (LA–ICP–MS and EPMA) of dominant sulfide minerals indicate that electrums, the main phase of Au mineralization, are characterized by two different generations based on mineralogical relationships and fineness. Early-stage high fineness electrums (930–981 ‰) are associated with sphalerite under relatively high-temperature fluid conditions, whereas galena is main host mineral related to late-stage low fineness electrums (773–868 ‰). Sphalerite geothermometry (231–264 °C), the occurrence of colloform textured sulfides, and microthermometric characteristics of fluid inclusions (T_h = 220–304 °C; Salinity = 1.4–6.6 wt% NaCl equivalent; a general trend of decreasing salinity with decreasing T_h) indicate that significant decreases in H₂S activity, attributed to seawater dilution and rapid precipitation of sulfide minerals, facilitated the efficient destabilization and deposition of Au transported as sulfide complexes from hydrothermal fluids. In particular, the lower ³⁴S values (+0.2 ‰ to + 1.3 ‰) of sulfides compared to those of arc/back-arc lavas (δ³⁴S = +5‰ to + 11 ‰), along with the prevalence of CO₂ in the vapor phase of fluid inclusions, reflect that the significant contribution of magmatic volatile influx supplied most of the sulfur and metals (including Au) to the Forecast hydrothermal fluids. Additionally, the abundance of montmorillonite and varying proportions of sulfide and gangue minerals observed in hydrothermal samples suggest that the chemical buffering of fluids by associated substrates and/or sediments could be another significant factor in promoting Au-rich mineralization. Therefore we conclude that the combination of magmatic fluid–seawater mixing and host rock alteration plays an important role in the formation of Au-enriched massive sulfides in the Forecast vent field.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169136824003688/pdfft?md5=a1a833c19b4a59628918d2778070bd40&pid=1-s2.0-S0169136824003688-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142239617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genesis of Yongping copper deposit in the Qin-Hang Metallogenic Belt, SE China: Insights from sulfide geochemistry and sulfur isotopic data","authors":"Defeng Shi ,&nbsp;Shini Fan ,&nbsp;Guixian Li ,&nbsp;Yun Zhu ,&nbsp;Qing Yan ,&nbsp;Mengjie Jia ,&nbsp;Mohamed Faisal","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2024.106231","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2024.106231","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Yongping copper deposit is a large-scale polymetallic mine that contains 1.6 Mt of proven Cu metal reserves with an average grade of 0.74 % and contributes significantly to China’s production of copper. This deposit is situated in the eastern part of the Qin-Hang Metallogenic Belt (Jiangxi province, SE China) at the contact zone between the Yangtze Cu–Mo metallogenic belt and the Jiangxi W–Sn–REE metallogenic belt. The thick stratiform and lenticular-shaped orebodies are hosted in the Carboniferous Yejiawan Formation, consisting of sandstone, limestone, mudstone, and chert-rich clastic rocks. Dominant metal-bearing minerals are chalcopyrite and pyrite with a minor amount of sphalerite, tetrahedrite, galena, molybdenite, pyrrhotite, magnetite, hematite, and scheelite. Although intensive research has been done on its geological setting, geochemical characteristics, and geodynamic evolution over the past thirty years, the origin and depositional environments have remained controversial. In the current research, in situ trace element geochemistry and sulfur isotope analyses, coupled with microscopic investigation, were conducted on sulfide minerals using the LA-ICP-MS technique. The results display that Yongping pyrite rich in Co, As, Ni, Zn, Cu, and Te and deplete in other trace elements. Sphalerite rich in Fe, Mn, Cu, and Cd, followed by In, Co and Ga. The calculation results of formula T(°C) = (Fe/Zn + 0.2953)/(0.0013) reveal that sphalerite was formed in medium–high temperature conditions (262 °C–377 °C). The δ³⁴S_V-CDT values of studied sulfides (pyrite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, and tetrahedrite) varied from −1.52 ‰ to 5.13 ‰ with an average of 2.36 ‰, which are highly consistent with those recorded from porphyritic biotite granite stock of Shizitou (from 2.20 ‰ to 4.5 ‰), suggesting a dominantly magmatic origin. Collectively, trace element compositions of analyzed sphalerite and pyrite from the Yongping area exhibit characteristics of typical skarn deposits. Combined with previous studies, we can conclude that the Yongping Cu deposit is a skarn deposit that was most likely formed by contact metasomatism after the intrusion of the Jurassic Huoshaogang-Shizitou granitic stock into the Carboniferous Yejiawan Formation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169136824003640/pdfft?md5=f0aca1a34ef1404bd83d38157f8379de&pid=1-s2.0-S0169136824003640-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142239619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The genesis and mineralization potential of the Kunshan pluton in the Xuancheng district, Eastern China","authors":"Dayu Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhongren Jiang ,&nbsp;Xiang Meng ,&nbsp;Jialong Huang ,&nbsp;Jing Wang ,&nbsp;Jiahao Li ,&nbsp;Lili Zhao ,&nbsp;Taofa Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2024.106237","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2024.106237","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Xuancheng mineralization district (XMD) is an important part of the Middle-Lower Yangtze River Metallogenic Belt, and hosts a number of porphyry-skarn Cu poly-metal discoveries in recent years. The Kunshan pluton is located in the northeastern sector of the Xuancheng district, and is composed of fine-grained pyroxene diorite, coarse-grained pyroxene diorite and granodiorite. This study reports zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb chronology, whole-rock geochemistry and Sr-Nd isotope analysis of the Kunshan Complex pluton. The intrusions young from the fine-grained pyroxene diorite (137.2 ± 2.0 Ma), through the coarse-grained pyroxene diorite (136.1 ± 2.1 Ma) to the granodiorite (134.8 ± 2.2 Ma). All three stages of magmatic samples are high-potassium calc-alkaline to potassium dolerite series, they are enriched in light rare earth elements (LREE) and large ion lithophile elements such as Rb, Sr, and (Ba), but depleted in heavy rare earths elements (HREE), and high field strength elements such as Nb, Ta, Ti, and P. Their (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i and (¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd)_i values range from 0.706703 to 0.707618 and 0.512023 to 0.512064 respectively. The samples from the Kunshan complex pluton are consistently plotted the zone between the mantle evolution trending line and MLYB crust, which indicating the three-stage melt are derived from the crust-mantle mixed source, with closer to lithosphere mantle. All phases of the pluton were derived from the same magmatic source, likely the crust-mantle mixed zone between the lower Yangtze crust and enriched lithospheric mantle. The 3 stage melts formed Kunshan complex pluton gradually strengthen fractional crystallization (FC) during their emplacement process, while the late granodiorite melt with highest FC degree was the ore-forming intrusion, which is characterized with oxidized melt with low temperature, and high H₂O content. After Compared with the mineralized granitoid intrusive rocks in the Middle-Lower Yangtze River Metallogenic Belt, it suggests that the late highly differentiated granitoids, like Kunshan granodiorite, are probably favorable metallogenic indications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169136824003706/pdfft?md5=e61473b9f33dcb84dc0fc0ffdc2be9ff&pid=1-s2.0-S0169136824003706-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142312593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genesis and fluid evolution of the Hatu orogenic gold deposit in the West Junggar, Western China","authors":"Shen Han ,&nbsp;Zhenju Zhou ,&nbsp;Xiaohua Deng ,&nbsp;Yanshuang Wu ,&nbsp;Xi Chen ,&nbsp;Abulimiti Aibai ,&nbsp;Yong Wang ,&nbsp;Xiaoyu Jia ,&nbsp;Yanjing Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2024.106238","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2024.106238","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The West Junggar in Xinjiang, western China, represents a significant gold mineralization belt hosting over 200 gold deposits, with the Hatu gold deposit being the largest among them. In this study, ore geology and fluid inclusion assemblages of quartz samples from the Hatu gold deposit were investigated in an effort to clarify the mineralization process and its relationship with the geodynamic settings. The mineralization process is delineated into early (pyrite-albite-quartz veins), middle-a (quartz-ankerite veins), middle-b (quartz-ankerite-sulfide-native gold veins), and late (quartz-calcite veins) stages. The early stage veins suggest a compressional setting while the middle-a and middle-b stage veins suggest a tensional shear setting. The late stage veins are typically filled fissures cutting through earlier veins. Scanning electron microscope-cathodoluminescence (SEM-CL) reveals that early stage quartz (Q1) exhibits concentric CL-oscillatory growth zoning, while middle-a stage quartz (Q2a) displays unidirectional zoning and ranges from CL-bright to CL-dark, middle-b stage quartz (Q2b) is CL-bright and weakly zoned, and late-stage euhedral quartz (Q3) shows sector zoning transitioning from CL-gray to CL-dark. Quartz that formed in these stages developed three types of fluid inclusions: pure CO₂ (PC-type), CO₂–H₂O (C-type), and H₂O–NaCl (W-type). The early stage quartz contains C- and W-type fluid inclusions homogenizing at 309–345 °C, while the late stage quartz contains only W-type fluid inclusions with homogenization temperatures of 164–229 °C. Microthermometry of fluid inclusion indicated the evolutionary of the metallogenic fluid from a high-temperature, CO₂-rich, and minor CH₄ metamorphic fluid to a low-temperature, CO₂-poor meteoric fluid. From the early to middle-a stages, fluid boiling caused the unloading of ore-forming elements whereas fluid mixing led to the precipitation of polymetallic sulfides and gold in the middle-b stage. Trapping pressures in the middle-b stage were estimated using C-type inclusions, illustrating that gold mineralization took placed at depth of 8.0 km. We propose classifying the Hatu gold deposit as an orogenic deposit, originating from the collisional orogenesis between the Yili-Kazakhstan and Siberian continents in the Late Carboniferous.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169136824003718/pdfft?md5=98535fc1189f1adf18e1c10fea9e7746&pid=1-s2.0-S0169136824003718-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142239614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}