Ore Geology Reviews最新文献

{"title":"Unusual cobalt behaviors and enrichment in cobalt-rich crust from the Magellan seamounts in the Western Pacific","authors":"Yanzi Yang ,&nbsp;Bing Xiao ,&nbsp;Xuefa Shi ,&nbsp;Shuanliang Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2024.106234","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2024.106234","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Marine cobalt-rich (Co-rich) crusts are submarine critical metal resources with high economic value. In this study, detailed in-situ fine-scale morphological, mineralogical, and geochemical analyses were conducted on Co-rich crust from the Western Pacific. The Co-rich crust can be divided into three layers: (1) Layer 1 is the oldest anthracite layer and contacts with the substrate, showing a very dense laminated/columnar texture. Layer 1 can be further divided into two distinct sublayers: a lower black, massive, dense sublayer (Layer 1–1) and an upper black-to-brown sublayer (Layer 1–2). (2) Layer 2 is porous and locally vuggy, and its pore space is filled with a large amount of silicate detrital minerals and clay minerals. (3) Layer 3, on the top, is black and dense, with a dendritic, columnar/laminated texture. Co is very unevenly distributed throughout the whole crust, with three distinct Co-rich areas. Layer 3 is a typical hydrogenetic crust and has not undergone late alteration. The main processes for Co enrichment are specific adsorption-oxidation on Mn-oxides and the structural incorporation of Co³⁺ into Mn-oxide phases. The average Co content of the Layer 3 is much higher than that of the other two layers. The presence of abundant detrital and clay minerals, along with high levels of Al, Si, and Ti in Layer 2, indicates the incorporation of terrigenous material, resulting in a high average growth rate. However, these processes are not conducive to Co enrichment. In the phosphatized Layer 1, fluctuations in element content are significantly greater than in the upper, non-phosphatized layers. Phosphatization has resulted in the partial decomposition of the initial Co-rich micro-layers, which may have reactivated and migrated Co, contributing to secondary Co enrichment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169136824003676/pdfft?md5=2a04b68ddf1b57eb9ad1b3dde411b4a1&pid=1-s2.0-S0169136824003676-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142239615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Xilaokou carbonate-sulfide vein type gold deposit: A distinct mineralization in the giant Jiaodong gold province, North China","authors":"Yuanlin Chen ,&nbsp;Huan Li ,&nbsp;Shangyi Gu ,&nbsp;Scott A. Whattam ,&nbsp;Mingchun Song ,&nbsp;Bingqian Hu ,&nbsp;Liuan Duan ,&nbsp;Chaoyang Zheng ,&nbsp;Bijuan Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2024.106232","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2024.106232","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Xilaokou gold deposit with ca. 50 t of gold reserve @ 2.7 g/t represents a novel type (carbonate-sulfide vein type) of gold mineralization within the Jiaodong gold province. However, its mineralization age and metallogenic mechanism remain poorly constrained, hindering a comprehensive understanding of the ore-forming processes in the Jiaodong gold province. In this study, we employ <em>syn</em>-ore stage hydrothermal monazite in situ U-Pb geochronology to determine the ore-forming age of the Xilaokou gold deposit. Additionally, we conduct in situ LA-(MC)-ICP-MS elemental mapping and sulfur isotope analysis in ore-related pyrite to unravel the sulfur source(s) and provide new insights into the ore-forming processes of the Xilaokou gold deposit. Our findings reveal the following key points: (1) U-Pb dating of hydrothermal monazite in Au-bearing pyrite yields an ore-forming age of<!--> <!-->119.9 ± 3.0 Ma. This age is consistent with the mineralization ages (around 120 ± 5 Ma) of other gold deposits in the region, including Liaoshang-, Jiaojia-, and Linglong-type deposits. (2) Gold in pyrite primarily occurs as micro-grains (5–20 μm) within pyrite fissures associated with sphalerite and galena. (3) Elemental mapping and sulfur isotope analysis indicate that major Au mineralization is linked to elevated concentrations of As, Sb, and Tl, along with heavy sulfur isotope values (δ³⁴S∼24.7 ‰). (4) Early-stage Au mineralization is characterized by enrichment of As, Cu, and Bi, with normal sulfur isotopic composition (δ³⁴S∼8 ‰). We propose that the carbonate-sulfide vein type gold deposits represented by the Liaoshang and Xilaokou gold deposits in the Jiaodong gold province are genetically linked to quartz-sulfide vein and disseminated type deposits. The major ore-forming stage involved the addition of S and Au from a metamorphic massif at slightly lower temperatures. These findings highlight a new exploration direction within the North China Craton. In summary, the Xilaokou gold deposit provides valuable insights into gold mineralization processes in Jiaodong, emphasizing the importance of considering diverse deposit types and their genetic relationships in the region.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169136824003652/pdfft?md5=73b6aae1f7e0390c784aafa753fda16a&pid=1-s2.0-S0169136824003652-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142230437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magmatic and hydrothermal evolution of the Skouries Au-Cu porphyry deposit, northern Greece","authors":"Alica Höss ,&nbsp;Karsten M. Haase ,&nbsp;Manuel Keith ,&nbsp;Reiner Klemd ,&nbsp;Vasilios Melfos ,&nbsp;Lisa Gerlach ,&nbsp;Fabian Pelloth ,&nbsp;Jan J. Falkenberg ,&nbsp;Panagiotis Voudouris ,&nbsp;Harald Strauss ,&nbsp;Tim Baker ,&nbsp;Alexandre Tarantola","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2024.106233","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2024.106233","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Skouries Au-Cu porphyry deposit is located in northern Greece and hosted by quartz monzonites and monzogranites of early Miocene age (∼20 Myr). The host rocks show geochemical similarities to other mafic to felsic intrusions in the district that have a similar strike direction, but which are 6 Myr older and lack evidence of economic mineralization. The Skouries magmas probably formed by fractional crystallization of mafic mantle-derived melts, from which the ore-forming fluids were released during second boiling accompanied by massive feldspar crystallization at ∼65 wt% SiO₂. Drill core samples record the dominant potassic alteration with A- and B-type veins, which are locally overprinted by chlorite-sericite alteration and related C-type veins, transitioning into sericitic alteration assemblages and D-type veins. The ore mineralization is characterized by chalcopyrite, bornite, pyrite, magnetite and accessory minerals, such as tellurides and PGE minerals. Incompatible trace element ratios of the host rocks, that are commonly used as tracers of magma fertility (e.g., Sr/Y, La/Sm), vary between the alteration-types and may therefore not generally provide a record of magmatic processes. Fluid inclusion and Ti-in-quartz thermometry yielded a temperature range of 520 to &gt;600 °C for the A-type veins and 420 to 500 °C for the B-type veins. Decreasing fluid inclusion entrapment pressures suggest relatively rapid uplift of the hydrothermal system during the early- to main porphyry stage. Fluid inclusion compositions indicate that early K- and Cl-rich fluids caused the potassic alteration resulting in a strong mobilization of REEs, following a decrease in fluid salinity and temperature with proceeding porphyry evolution. Systematic variations in trace element contents (e.g., As, Ag, Pb) and ratios (e.g., As/Sb, Zn/Pb) of pyrite record fluid temperature changes and suggest early phase separation as a major ore-forming process. The common occurrence of native Au as inclusions in pyrite and chalcopyrite are indicative of early Au oversaturation in the fluid, which we relate to sulfide precipitation and phase separation, destabilizing the AuHS⁰ or Au(HS)₂^- complex, leading to the accumulation of Au particles. The formation of such Au colloids in fluids may thus reflect an important step towards the hydrothermal enrichment of Au in porphyry environments.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169136824003664/pdfft?md5=ddd5b7d44ce698d107e58fc094064c30&pid=1-s2.0-S0169136824003664-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142271514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genesis of the Rovinj-1 bauxite deposit (Istria, Croatia): Record of palaeoclimatic trends and palaeoenvironmental changes during the latest Jurassic of the Adriatic Carbonate Platform","authors":"Ivor Perković ,&nbsp;Blanka Cvetko Tešović ,&nbsp;Maja Martinuš ,&nbsp;Igor Vlahović ,&nbsp;Ivan Razum ,&nbsp;Srečo D. Škapin ,&nbsp;Darko Matešić ,&nbsp;Milan Mihovilović ,&nbsp;Tianchen He ,&nbsp;Robert J. Newton ,&nbsp;Goran Durn","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2024.106236","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2024.106236","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Bauxites are an excellent indicator of tropical palaeoclimate and subaerial exposure in the geologic record, where the study of their structures, textures, mineralogy, geochemistry, and cover deposits can provide invaluable insight into the palaeoclimatic and palaeoenvironmental conditions during their formation. The present study focuses on these aspects of the bauxite and its cover from the Rovinj-1 deposit with the aim of reconstructing the evolution of the palaeoclimate and palaeoenvironments during its formation.</p><p>The Rovinj-1 deposit formed during the early Kimmeridgian to late Tithonian subaerial exposure phase on the Istrian part of the Adriatic Carbonate Platform (AdCP). The bauxite formation can be divided into two phases: (1) the formation of pelitomorphic bauxite under humid tropical climate, and (2) the erosion and redeposition of bauxite at the end of its formation due to climatic aridification. The climate aridification also led to increased iron oxide formation, which scavenged numerous trace elements, especially light and middle rare earth elements, causing their increase in the upper part of the deposit. The upper part also exhibits negative Ce anomalies, while the lower part displays high Ce anomalies. The bauxite formation was followed by an internal transgression during which a karstic lake formed above the bauxite. At the beggining of the transgression, the deposition of the alternation of limestones and clays started under anoxic to euxinic conditions, and equivocal to oxic conditions towards the end of the transgression, indicating the shift in lake conditions from restricted to open which is also supported by the presence of glauconite as this reflects the increasing marine influence. This sequence was interpreted as a blue hole sequence. The clays/marls of the cover sequence also reflect climatic aridification as they show a gradual increase in mixed-layer illite–smectite and illite content and a decrease in kaolinite content. The end of this regional subaerial exposure phase and the restoration of full-marine carbonate deposition is marked by the deposition of the limestones of Kirmenjak unit covering the bauxite deposit. Overall, this study enabled a detailed palaeoclimatic and palaeoenvironmental reconstruction of the Istrian part of the AdCP, expanding the current knowledge of the conditions at the AdCP during the Late Jurassic.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S016913682400369X/pdfft?md5=312cd3f9dbdfe93eb4b1a2a9d979569a&pid=1-s2.0-S016913682400369X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142271566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The characteristics of S-wave velocity and mineralization of the “Double Domes” structure in the eastern of the Tethys Himalaya","authors":"Guangwen Wang ,&nbsp;Zhanwu Lu ,&nbsp;Wenhui Li ,&nbsp;Tairan Xu ,&nbsp;Shuai Xue ,&nbsp;Yao Liang ,&nbsp;Yongzhi Cheng ,&nbsp;Si Chen ,&nbsp;Guan Wang ,&nbsp;Wei Cai ,&nbsp;Lifu Cao ,&nbsp;Guowei Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2024.106225","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2024.106225","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Tethys Himalayan belt in the southern Qinghai–Tibet Plateau has been intruded by a large amount of leucogranite due to collisional orogeny. In addition, strong tectonic movements since the Cenozoic era have led to the formation of a series of dome structures accompanied by various types of mineralization. The Cuonadong Dome and Yalaxiangbo Dome, forming the “double dome” structure in the eastern part of the Tethys Himalayan Belt, are affected by different geological processes, resulting in differences in their deep structures and affecting the formation of polymetallic minerals. At present, geophysical research on the fine structure of the crust of the “double dome” structure is limited, making it difficult to fully understand the formation of different deep structures in the Tethys Himalayan dome belt. This hinders the progress of research on the genesis of dome structures and large-scale mineralization mechanisms in continental collisional environments. In this study, the ambient noise tomographic method was used to obtain the S-wave velocity structure of the upper crust of the Cuonadong Dome and the Yalaxiangbo Dome, and the following results were found: 1. there is a significant difference in the velocity structures of the two domes, with the core velocity structure of the Yalaxiangbo Dome showing an overall high velocity, extending downward for more than 9 km, while the core of the Cuonadong Dome exhibits low-velocity characteristics, with some high-velocity bodies occurring locally, which may be related to the later intrusion of leucogranite and extensional activity of the Cuona Rift. 2. There are significant differences in the S-wave velocities between the lead–zinc deposits and rare metal deposits in the study area; the lead–zinc deposits occur in basins and graben margins and have large variations in the S-wave velocity, which may be related to the involvement of basin brine in mineralization; below the tungsten–tin–beryllium deposits, the S-wave velocity exhibits high-velocity protrusions, with mineralization occurring at the front ends of the protrusions, which may be caused by crystallization differentiation of leucogranite. 3. The study area has abundant geothermal resources and obvious geothermal structural features. The low-velocity basin in the upper part of the upper crust is a heat storage layer, the low-velocity channel in the middle is a heat-conducting layer, and the lower part is a low-velocity heat source area that continuously supplies heat, forming a special geothermal structural model for the Cuonadong Dome and Yalaxiangbo Dome.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169136824003585/pdfft?md5=879a68e669a3c069fbba6e63477df49d&pid=1-s2.0-S0169136824003585-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142230436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine learning on white mica short-wave infrared (SWIR) spectral data in the Tengjia Au deposit, Jiaodong peninsula (Eastern China): A prospecting indicator for lode gold deposits","authors":"Jiayao Hao ,&nbsp;Liuan Duan ,&nbsp;Yu Zhang ,&nbsp;Hongtao Zhao ,&nbsp;Yongjun Shao ,&nbsp;Yuncheng Guo ,&nbsp;Xu Wang ,&nbsp;Shuling Song","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2024.106230","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2024.106230","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Lode gold deposits are the primary source of global gold resources and possess significant mineralization potential at depth, necessitating new strategies to locate deep concealed orebodies. The Tengjia Au deposit, a newly-discovered concealed altered rock-type lode gold deposit (50 t @ 3.89 g/t), is located within the Zhaoping metallogenic belt of the illustrious gold-rich Jiaodong peninsula in Eastern China. It is distinguished by pervasive phyllic alteration associated with gold mineralization, making it an ideal target for mineral geochemical exploration in lode gold deposits. The mineralization and alteration at Tengjia unfold across three distinct stages, delineated by mineral assemblages and textural relationships: K-feldspar-quartz (I), quartz-sericite-native gold-sulfide (Ⅱ), quartz-calcite-galena-sphalerite (Ⅲ) stages.</p><p>Systematic analysis of short wavelength infrared (SWIR) spectra, coupled with petrographic observation, has unveiled an abundance of white micas (montmorillonite, muscovite, illite, paragonite, and phengite) within Stage Ⅱ at Tengjia. The Al-OH absorption feature wavelengths (Pos2200), as well as illite crystallinity (IC) values, exhibit a discernible shift towards longer wavelengths (&gt;2204 nm) and higher values (&gt;1.4) in the vicinity of ore deposition, which likely resulted from intense water–rock interaction between ore-forming fluid and wall rocks. Discriminant analysis of the orthogonal partial least squares method (OPLS-DA) shows that the absorption wavelengths corresponding to Water, –OH, and Al-OH effectively differentiate between ore and wall-rock samples. Additionally, analysis using the random forest algorithm (RF) demonstrates that spectral data from Tengjia white micas can reliably classify orebodies, achieving an accuracy of 83.2 %. Hence, the findings suggest that the unique SWIR spectral features of white micas offer a valuable tool for detecting the concealed Tengjia gold mineralization. This study proposes a novel approach that integrates machine learning technology with SWIR analysis for the identification of concealed lode gold deposits.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169136824003639/pdfft?md5=bea7b47a5b557e28c2051032120278aa&pid=1-s2.0-S0169136824003639-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142232657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metallogenic model of the Lykling ophiolite-hosted lode Au deposit, Scandinavian Caledonides: Insight from fluid inclusions, mineral chemistry and stable isotope geochemistry","authors":"Sabina Strmić Palinkaš ,&nbsp;Frida Riple Forsberg ,&nbsp;Rolf Birger Pedersen ,&nbsp;Håvard Hallås Stubseid ,&nbsp;Seán H. McClenaghan ,&nbsp;Jorge E. Spangenberg","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2024.106227","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2024.106227","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;p&gt;The Lykling lode Au deposit represents a unique example of gold mineralization in the Upper Allochthone of the Scandinavian Caledonides. The mineralization is hosted by the Early Ordovician Lykling Ophiolite Complex and the intruding trondhjemite unit and spatially associated with two generations of mafic dykes that crosscut both the ophiolitic complex and trondhjemite. Field observations indicate that the mafic dykes did not play an active role in the emplacement of Au at Lykling, however their contacts with the immediate host rocks (i.e., gabbro and trondhjemite) may have focused ore-forming fluids.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Three main stages in the evolution of the hydrothermal system in the Lykling area are documented by two generations of auriferous quartz veins: 1) older quartz-carbonate veins hosted by moderately angled brittle-ductile shear zones and 2) younger quartz-sulfide veins that fill steeply dipping brittle faults. Stage 1 resulted in deposition of barren quartz and gold-free pyrite from moderately saline NaCl-CaCl&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;-H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O ± CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; fluids at temperatures between ∼310–330 °C and pressures in the range from 2.7 to 3.5 kbars. Under the given physicochemical conditions Au was mobile in the form of its chloride complexes. Stage 2 is associated with multiple episodes of ductile deformation punctuated by concomitant brecciation reflecting brittle-ductile transition processes. Fluid inclusion data reveals a decrease in temperature and pressure that may result in the formation of stable Au-bisulfide complexes and making the hydrothermal mobility of Au sensitive to changes in pressure. Consequently, the fluctuation in pressure controlled by the development of brittle-ductile structures likely resulted in the precipitation of native gold in quartz veins. Stage 3 represents a pure brittle event which is accompanied by a significant decrease in the &lt;em&gt;f&lt;/em&gt;CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;/&lt;em&gt;f&lt;/em&gt;S&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; ratio. Mixing of higher-temperature and moderate-salinity fluids with cooler fluids has been recognized as the principal trigger for deposition of sulfides and a paragenetically late phase of native gold in the Lykling hydrothermal system.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The Lykling ophiolite-hosted lode Au deposit shows numerous similarities with orogenic gold deposits elsewhere, including structural controls during mineralizing events, deposition from moderately to low salinity CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;-bearing aqueous solutions, deposition from a focused fluid flow along &lt;em&gt;trans&lt;/em&gt;-crustal fault zones with a mixed brittle-ductile character and the spatial association with regionally metamorphosed terranes. In contrast to the great majority of the known orogenic gold deposits, the Lykling ophiolite-hosted lode Au deposit records a magmatic origin of volatiles. Therefore, taking into consideration field relationships and the regional setting of the Lykling deposit, we argue that its formation is concomitant with emplacement of the Sunnhordland Batholith during post-co","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169136824003603/pdfft?md5=723e57e8dc68b51b9800f15e3e2c3ef9&pid=1-s2.0-S0169136824003603-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142239616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unraveling the genesis of wolframite mineralization in the West Qinling Belt, China: Evidence from geochronology, geochemistry, and fluid inclusion study","authors":"Jize Li ,&nbsp;Jiajun Liu ,&nbsp;Emmanuel John M. Carranza ,&nbsp;Degao Zhai ,&nbsp;Delong Zhao ,&nbsp;Yanwen Tang ,&nbsp;Xi Diao ,&nbsp;Fangfang Zhang ,&nbsp;Yinhong Wang ,&nbsp;Jianping Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2024.106229","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2024.106229","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The West Qinling Belt is a pivotal part of the Central China Orogenic Belt renowned for producing abundant Au-polymetallic deposits. Nonetheless, reports of wolframite mineralization within this region were absent. The Xuehuashan deposit is the premier documented quartz-vein type wolframite deposit in West Qinling, which has significant implications of W mineralizing potential in the West Qinling Belt. The ore bodies are predominantly composed of wolframite-quartz veins and/or veinlets which are proximal or within the Late Triassic Baijiazhuang granitoid. To elucidate the age and genesis of the Xuehuashan wolframite mineralization, we presented analyses of U-Pb dating and chemical composition on wolframite, fluid inclusion study, and hydrogen–oxygen isotopes on wolframite and quartz. The Xuehuashan wolframite U-Pb dating yielded an age of 213.0 ± 6.7 Ma, which is consistent with the age of the Baijiazhuang granitoid. The correlation among trace elements and the Y/Ho vs. Zr/Hf diagram suggests trace elements in wolframite were influenced by crystalline chemical factors and the geochemistry of parental ore-forming fluid. Homogeneous texture and stable chemical composition of wolframite, as well δD vs. δ¹⁸O isotopes, suggest a single magmatic fluid from the Baijiazhuang granitoid. Fluid inclusions in wolframite and quartz have high homogenization temperatures and varying salinities of 0.4 – 16.4 wt%, suggesting that intense decompression and fluid boiling during fracture open caused the wolframite precipitation. Compared with the Late Triassic granitoids in the Qinling Belt, the Baijiazhuang granitoid shows higher ratios of Rb/Sr and lower ratios of Zr/Hf, K/Rb, Nb/Ta, LREE/HREE, as well as negative Eu anomalies, which are consistent with the W-related highly evolved granitoids but distinct to W-barren granitoids. Hence, this study highlights W mineralization potential in the Qinling belt associated with the highly evolved Late Triassic granitoids.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169136824003627/pdfft?md5=96bb92dc5ca84ae1276bd412d692e94d&pid=1-s2.0-S0169136824003627-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142230435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying the genesis of hydrothermal activities in the Xiangcheng fault belt, southwestern China: Evidence from hydrochemistry and stable isotopes","authors":"Jinhang Huang ,&nbsp;Yunhui Zhang ,&nbsp;Chengdong Deng ,&nbsp;Xingze Li ,&nbsp;Xiaoyan Zhao ,&nbsp;Tao Feng ,&nbsp;Ying Wang ,&nbsp;Yangshuang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2024.106221","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2024.106221","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Regional faults are beneficial structures for the formation of hydrothermal activities and have thus become target areas for geothermal resource utilization. Numerous hydrothermal activities have been reported along the Xiangcheng fault belt, particularly concentrating in the Batang, Xiangcheng and Shangri-La areas. In this study, hydrochemistry and stable isotopes were used to identify the genesis of hydrothermal activities in the Xiangcheng fault belt. The pH values of the geothermal water in these regions gradually decreases in this order, while the total dissolved solids gradually increase. The δD and δ¹⁸O values indicate the geothermal waters are mainly originated from snowmelt water and meteoric water. The recharge elevation of geothermal waters in Batang, Xiangcheng, and Shangri-La was 4415–4904 m, 4585–5038 m, and 3673–3969 m, respectively. Most geothermal waters belong to the hydrochemical type HCO₃-Na, however some Batang geothermal water is of the SO₄·HCO₃-Na type, influenced by deep geothermal gas, and some Shangri-La geothermal water is of HCO₃-Ca·Na type, influenced by shallow cold water and dissolution of carbonate rocks. Correlations of major ions suggest that HCO₃-Na type geothermal waters are determined by the dissolution of paragonite, K-feldspar and albite as well as positive ion exchange. According to Na-K-Mg triangle diagram and mineral saturation indices, the geothermal waters do not reach full equilibrium and are mixed with shallow cold. Geothermometers, including cationic and SiO₂, and geochemical thermodynamic calculations indicate that the deep and shallow reservoir temperatures are 200–240 °C and 169–193 °C for the Batang area, 194–201 °C and 119–131 °C for the Xiangcheng area, and 156–178 °C and 100–109 °C for the Shangri-La area. Conceptual models of the genesis of hydrothermal activities in the Batang, Xiangcheng, and Shangri-La areas were constructed, respectively. CaCO₃ scaling is dominated in the study area. The hydrothermal activities of Batang and Xiangcheng areas with enriched deep materials and high reservoir temperatures are beneficial for rare-alkali metal (e.g., Li). The findings of this study provide a scientific basis for the development and utilization of geothermal resources in the high-temperature hydrothermal activity areas of western Sichuan.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169136824003548/pdfft?md5=aa4d3c55d2abcea9abf96ccd4a2b5147&pid=1-s2.0-S0169136824003548-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142167648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanisms of Co enrichment in the Zhubu Ni–Co–PGE deposit in the Emeishan LIP, SW China: Constraints from mineral geochemistry and Fe–S isotopes of sulfides","authors":"Yawen Bao ,&nbsp;Mingjie Zhang ,&nbsp;Hongfu Zhang ,&nbsp;Yantong Feng ,&nbsp;Xiaofei Li ,&nbsp;Jie He","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2024.106224","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2024.106224","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Zhubu Ni–Co–PGE sulfide deposit in the Permian Emeishan Large Igneous Province (LIP), SW China is hosted by a mafic–ultramafic intrusion that comprises two morphologically distinct ore-forming spaces: a central, layered sequence that represents a magma chamber surrounded by a marginal sub-vertical conduit zone. The marginal conduit zone contains significant Ni–Co–PGE sulfide mineralization, suggesting that high volumes of sulfide-bearing silicate melt flowed through the magma conduit system. Determining the hosts of Co is key to understanding the Co enrichment process in the Zhubu deposit, as well as in the Emeishan LIP as a whole. We assess this here using the geochemistry and Fe–S isotope compositions of sulfides in the Zhubu deposit. Cobalt is mainly concentrated in pentlandite sulfide in the websterite, with Co contents increasing in the order pyrrhotite &lt; chalcopyrite &lt; pyrite &lt; pentlandite &lt; violarite; the abundance of violarite, however, is notably lower than that of the other sulfides. The Co contents of pentlandite, pyrite, and chalcopyrite are negatively correlated with their Ni and Fe contents, suggesting that Co substitutes isomorphically for Ni and Fe in the sulfide structure. The δ⁵⁶Fe values of sulfides increase in the order pyrrhotite &lt; chalcopyrite &lt; pentlandite &lt; pyrite resulted from kinetic fractionation of Fe isotopes. The δ⁵⁶Fe values of pentlandite and chalcopyrite in lherzolite are higher than those in websterite, implying that lherzolite and websterite formed in compositionally distinct magmas, Fe isotope compositions become heavier with crystal fractionation. The δ³⁴S values of sulfides increase in the order pyrrhotite &lt; pentlandite &lt; chalcopyrite &lt; pyrite, similar to the fractionation sequence of sulfide melts, suggesting that externally derived S was added to the magma and contributed to its sulfide saturation. The Co contents of chalcopyrite and pyrite vary positively with δ⁵⁶Fe values, and negatively with δ³⁴S values, indicating that the addition of externally derived S and resulting sulfide segregation were critical to Co enrichment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169136824003573/pdfft?md5=49a4512b8ee4e8f2a7d11e0d6c2bbfee&pid=1-s2.0-S0169136824003573-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142271515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}