Ore Geology Reviews最新文献

{"title":"Deep magma evolution and gold mineralization in Wulong area, Liaodong Peninsula: Evidence from the Wulong 3000 m scientific drilling","authors":"Chenggui Lin ,&nbsp;Tingjie Yan ,&nbsp;Zhizhong Cheng ,&nbsp;Xiaofeng Yao ,&nbsp;Jingwen Mao ,&nbsp;Zhicheng Lü ,&nbsp;Fuxing Liu ,&nbsp;Jinzhu Qiu","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106849","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106849","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Wulong area is located in the Liaodong gold-polymetallic mineralization belt on the northeastern margin of the North China Craton. The area is characterized by intense tectonic-magmatic activity and the widespread distribution of Yanshanian intrusive rocks. The intrusive dikes are spatially, temporally, and genetically related to gold mineralization. A 3000 m scientific drill core (project number WLSZ001) was recently obtained in the area under the auspices of the National Key Research and Development Program, providing valuable samples for investigating deep magmatic evolution and gold metallogeny in the Liaodong region. This study presents petrogeochemistry, zircon U-Pb geochronological, and Hf isotopic characteristics of intrusive rocks (including dikes) samples from WLSZ001. Field observations indicate that the drill core intersected substantial intrusive dikes of the Wulong pluton, predominantly comprising biotite monzonite granite, diorite, lamprophyre, and diabase. Simultaneously, multiple levels of gold polymetallic ore bodies (including mineralized zones) were identified, consisting of four gold ore bodies, three gold mineralized zones, two zinc ore bodies, and one zinc mineralized zone. Zircon U-Pb dating reveals two distinct intrusive episodes: the first spanning between 153.8 to 166.3 Ma (Middle to Late Jurassic), and the second between 123.9 and 136.1 Ma (Early Cretaceous), consistent with the regional pluton emplacement age. Geochemically, the deep intrusive rocks are characterized by high-Al, high-K, low-Mg and low-Ca contents, classifying them as calc-alkaline to high-K calc-alkaline. They display enrichment in light rare earth elements (LREE) and large ion lithophile elements (LILE; e.g., Ba, K, La, Pb) and depletion in heavy rare earth elements (HREE) and high field strength elements (HFSE; e.g., Nb, Ta, Pb, P, Ti). Notably, the granitic dikes exhibit features characteristic of peraluminous S-type granites. Zircon εHf(t) values for the deep intrusive rocks range from –32.0 to −2.3 (average –22.8), yielding two-stage Hf model ages (T_DM2) averaging 2661 Ma (ranging from 1565 and 3176 Ma). These data suggest that the deep intrusive rocks originated from partial melting of Paleoproterozoic ancient crustal materials in a volcanic arc and co-collision environment related to the oblique subduction of the ancient Pacific Plate. Integrating field geological observations, geochronological and geochemical data, and previous research, it is considered that the two phases of intrusive rocks in the deep Wulong area represent pre-mineralization intrusions. While not directly involved in the genesis of the Wulong gold deposit, the pervasive vein network creates pathways for ore-forming hydrothermal fluids, and areas with dense vein development are prospective targets for gold exploration in the region.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 106849"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144902247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A generative neural network approach to uncertainty and risk-return analysis in mineral prospectivity modelling","authors":"Lahiru M.A. Nagasingha ,&nbsp;Charles L. Bérubé ,&nbsp;Reza Ghanati","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106844","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106844","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The industrial adoption of machine learning techniques for mineral prospectivity modelling (MPM) remains limited due to their inability to model uncertainties and a lack of systematic frameworks for evaluating risk and return in mineral predictions. A major challenge is that most existing methods fail to simultaneously capture both epistemic uncertainty, which arises from limitations in the predictive modelling process, and aleatoric uncertainty, which stems from the inherent randomness in geoscience data. To address this, we propose a conditional variational autoencoder (CVAE) approach incorporating decoder calibration and uncertainty estimation, which we apply to Canadian magmatic Ni (±Cu ±Co ±PGE) sulphide mineral systems. Aleatoric uncertainty is quantified from the CVAE’s posterior distribution, whereas epistemic uncertainty is assessed from 100 MPM realizations based on datasets generated by the CVAE. We also introduce a novel risk-return framework which integrates relative uncertainty measures with the non-parametric Getis–Ord <span><math><msup><mrow><mi>G</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>∗</mo></mrow></msup></math></span> statistics spatial clustering technique to categorize exploration targets into four distinct risk-return categories. Results from the spatial distribution and kernel density estimation analysis reveal that most known deposits are situated in low-uncertainty zones. Notably, high-return zones, which comprise approximately 4% of the total area, account for 94.7% of the known deposits. This research highlights the significance of incorporating uncertainty and risk-return analysis to improve decision-making in mineral prospecting.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 106844"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144908872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geochemical behavior of gold and critical metals in the Goongarrie Ni-laterites, Western Australia","authors":"Walid Salama,&nbsp;Louise Schoneveld,&nbsp;Michael Verrall","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106850","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106850","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Goongarrie Ni–Co laterite deposit, developed on serpentinized komatiites of the Walter Williams Formation in the Eastern Goldfields Superterrane in Western Australia, comprises a thick lateritic weathering profile marked by a lower Mg-silicate-rich saprolite and an upper ferruginous saprolite (Fe-oxide zone enriched in Ni and Co). Structural controls, particularly NW–SE and NNW–SSE shear zones, and paleochannels have influenced the profile thickness (up to 125 m) and the localization of metal enrichment. Mineralogical and geochemical data reveal that nickel and cobalt are hosted primarily in Fe- and Mn-oxides (goethite, asbolane), with scandium and REE enriched in Fe-rich zones and clay minerals. Heavy mineral concentrates show that primary and secondary Ni–Co–Cu–As sulfides, PGE-bearing phases, and Au-Ag electrum are variably preserved or remobilized, especially along redox boundaries such as the Mg-discontinuity.</div><div>Hydrothermal overprints have contributed to the formation of Ni–Co–As sulfides and PGE in chromite and chlorite-rich zones, particularly in the lower saprolite. Ruthenium content in chromite varies systematically, providing a proxy for sulfide saturation in different parts of the profile. Laser ablation ICP-MS and geochemical correlations indicate that Fe- and Mn-oxides play a central role in the enrichment and redistribution of trace and critical metals (e.g., Sc, REE, Au, Ag, PGE). Gold enrichment is associated with redox gradients, a change in pH near the Mg-discontinuity and structurally controlled pathways, with evidence for halide complex transport under acidic and oxidizing conditions, and precipitation in lateritic and paleochannel settings. The integration of stratigraphic, mineralogical, and geochemical data highlights the interplay between lithology, structure, weathering, and fluid flow in concentrating Ni, Co, Sc, REE, and Au in the Goongarrie laterite profile.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 106850"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145045069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magmatic-hydrothermal evolution and rare metal mineralization in the Chamuhan W-Mo-Sn-Be deposit in the southern Great Xing’an Range, Northeastern China","authors":"Hao-Ran Wu ,&nbsp;Hao Yang ,&nbsp;Yu-Sheng Zhu ,&nbsp;Zheng Ji ,&nbsp;Zhen-Yu Chen ,&nbsp;Zhi-Chao Zhang ,&nbsp;Wen-Chun Ge","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106828","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106828","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding the processes involved in the formation of vein-type deposits associated with granites is crucial for comprehending the magmatic-hydrothermal evolution and enrichment processes of rare metals in granitic-hydrothermal systems. The primary focus of this study is to elucidate the mechanism controlling rare metal mineralization and the evolution of ore-forming fluids. We present zircon-monazite-cassiterite-wolframite U-Pb ages, whole-rock compositions, monazite Nd isotopic data, as well as mineralogical and chemical data for mica, beryl, and tourmaline from granites and quartz veins in the Chamuhan deposit in the southern Great Xing’an Range (SGXR), northeastern (NE) China. Our objectives are to investigate the temporal and genetic relationships between magmatism and mineralization, assess the factors influencing the rare metal mineralization, and elucidate the properties and evolution of the ore-forming fluids. The U-Pb dating results for the Chamuhan monzogranite (144 ∼ 139 Ma) closely coincide with the mineralization period (142 ∼ 132 Ma), which, along with other Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous deposits, indicate a peak in rare metal mineralization in the SGXR. During this epoch, an extensional environment provided sufficient time for magma evolution and facilitated the formation of these rare metal deposits. The ore fluids likely separated from the underlying fine-grained monzogranites (G3), which exhibited the highest degree of evolution and strongest melt-fluid interaction, ultimately precipitating towards the top of the altered intrusion represented by the altered biotite monzogranites (G2), thereby forming the W-Be-Sn mineralization. The chemical data for hydrothermal mica, beryl, and tourmaline elucidate the evolution processes of the ore fluids. These fluids transition from high concentrations of Si, F, and rare metals, accompanied by low oxygen fugacities and Mg-Fe contents, to conditions characterized by high oxygen fugacities and B contents with low rare metals and low to medium salinities. Isotope geochemistry indicates that system self-cooling rather than addition of external fluids, led to the precipitation of ore minerals. Detailed comparisons of whole-rock geochemical and monazite Nd isotopic data among the coeval Chamuhan, Maodeng, and Weilasituo rare metal granites reveal that the source regions offer limited concentrations of rare metals. The abnormal enrichment of rare metals in the Chamuhan deposit is probably the result of a combination of high degrees of crystallization differentiation, fluid-melt interactions, and changes in melt structures. Overall, our study not only provides new insights into the refined magmatic-hydrothermal evolution of the Chamuhan deposit, but also demonstrates that mica, beryl, and tourmaline can serve as valuable indicators for mineral prospecting, where elevated concentrations of rare metals and F suggest an increased likelihood of mineralization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 106828"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144908871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ore-forming fluid evolution and metal precipitation mechanism at Xierqu Fe–Cu deposit, East Tianshan (NW China): Integrated constraints from fluid inclusions and garnet geochemistry","authors":"Xihui Cheng ,&nbsp;Mingxing Ling ,&nbsp;Li Yun ,&nbsp;Pinghui Liu ,&nbsp;Jiao Zhao ,&nbsp;Fuquan Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106843","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106843","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The newly discovered Xierqu deposit signifies a Devonian Fe–Cu mineralization event, challenging the Carboniferous-dominated submarine volcanic-hosted Fe(Cu) metallogenic model in East Tianshan, NW China. Its ore-forming fluid evolution and metal precipitation mechanisms require clarification. Mineralization is spatially confined to skarn at the quartz diorite porphyry-Dananhu Formation limestone interface. Four ore-forming stages are identified. Fluid inclusion (FI) petrography reveals three assemblages: liquid-dominated (L-type), vapor-dominated (V-type), and multiphase with daughter minerals (S-type). The prograde skarn stage contains high-temperature (343–481°C), variable salinity L-type (6.3–14.2 wt% NaCl eqv.) and very high-salinity S-type (39.8–43.6 wt% NaCl eqv. at 449–491°C) FIs. The retrograde epidote stage shows L-type and V-type FIs with moderate temperatures (L-type: 304–351°C, 5.2–7.7 wt%; V-type: 285–353°C, 5.7–9.1 wt% NaCl eqv.). A significant cooling and dilution trend characterizes the quartz-sulfide stage, evidenced by primary L-type (Th 246–304°C; salinity 3.2–6.7 wt%) and V-type (Th 241–324°C; salinity 3.1–6.3 wt%) FIs in quartz. Calcite stage FIs (L-type: Th 132–201°C, salinity 1.1–2.6 wt%; V-type: Th 150–213°C, salinity 1.4–2.7 wt%) confirm substantial external fluid influx. Pronounced Fe/(Na + K) ratio variations from early high-salinity to retrograde medium–low-salinity fluids indicate significant Fe precipitation. The maximum Cu/(Na + K) ratio occurs near 470°C in prograde skarn; subsequent cooling to ∼ 250°C in the quartz-sulfide stage causes a dramatic ratio drop, triggering chalcopyrite precipitation. Combined microthermometry and Laser-ablation inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA–ICP–MS) data reveal Fe precipitation resulted from destabilization of Fe-chloride complexes via hydrothermal cooling and boiling. Cu mineralization coincided with concurrent cooling and fluid mixing. High U contents and HREE-enriched patterns in Grt-1A/B dark zones indicate near-neutral pH and low <em>f</em>O₂ fluids. An expanded Y/Ho range and LREE enrichment in Grt-2 demonstrate mixing between evolved magmatic fluid and an external fluid with mildly acidic pH and elevated oxygen fugacity. This study advances understanding of Devonian Fe–Cu mineralization in the East Tianshan.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 106843"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144880030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New annular carbonatite-derived Fe-REE-Nb ore structure in southern Morocco: Unveiling a large alkaline province in NW Africa","authors":"Cheikh-Elwali Malainine ,&nbsp;Muhammad Ouabid ,&nbsp;Otmane Raji ,&nbsp;Jean-Louis Bodinier ,&nbsp;Fleurice Parat ,&nbsp;Othman Sadki ,&nbsp;Mustapha Essaadaoui ,&nbsp;Carlos J. Garrido ,&nbsp;Mostafa Benzaazoua","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106848","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106848","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Owing to their natural affinity to concentrate critical metals, including rare earth elements (REE), carbonatite rocks and their weathering products constitute economically important exploration targets. Linked to a growing demand driven by new green technologies, cratonic margins have increasingly undergone prospection for such critical metal deposits. This study presents a new carbonatite occurrence in the <em>peri</em>-cratonic terrain of the Reguibat Shield (Morocco). This recently discovered Terghat structure, with its wide and distinctive, ring-shaped outcrops (Ø = 9.5 km), is covered by both extensive regolith and silica breccia rocks. Rare outcropping carbonatites comprise calcite carbonatites with subordinate apatite, Fe-oxides, and phlogopite, with minor carbocernaite, synchysite, and ancylite as principal REE-bearing phases. Together with whole-rock trace element profiles, these features are strikingly similar to those observed in ring-shaped structures of the Twihinate-Lamlaga-Lahjayra (TLL) complex, within the western Oulad Dlim Massif. Such similarities are suggestive of a genetic link between the Terghat carbonatite and Cretaceous alkaline magmas of the TTL complex. Thick Fe-oxide/hydroxides bearing regolith also resemble carbonatite-derived regolith with total rare earth element oxide (TREO) and Nb₂O₅ enrichment (up to ∼ 3.7 % and 3.5 %, respectively), associated with crandallite-group minerals, monazite, and supergene residual pyrochlore. The silica breccia is also crosscut by monazite-rich veins and hydrothermally altered pyrochlore, linked to intense metasomatism affecting pre-existing quartzitic rocks. In spite of their different mineralogy, these lithofacies display similar REE fractionation with high LREE enrichment, inherited from underlying carbonatites. Accordingly, both hydrothermal alteration and subsequent weathering have played an important role in the redistribution of critical elements and metal deposition. As observed, the Terghat structure represents a new opportunity to investigate carbonatite-related critical element enrichment through sub-solidus processes. It also offers a promising link to broader alkaline magmatic activity and underscores the potential for future discoveries of REE and other critical mineral deposits in NW West African Craton margin.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 106848"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144890338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geochronology and geochemistry of the Aobaoshan crystalline graphite ore cluster in the Dunhuang Block, Gansu, NW China","authors":"Qingyan Tang ,&nbsp;Zhuoming Li ,&nbsp;Hong Song ,&nbsp;Chi Zhao ,&nbsp;Pengfei Di ,&nbsp;Tianyu Qin ,&nbsp;Yan Zhang ,&nbsp;Tengda Yang ,&nbsp;Min Qiao ,&nbsp;Wei Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106840","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106840","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Dunhuang block is located in the southwest of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB). Within this region, the Aobaoshan crystalline graphite ore cluster (ACGOC) occurs in the southern part of the Dunhuang block. These graphite deposits are hosted by two-mica quartz schist of Dunhuang group. We present the petrography, major and trace elements, zircon U-Pb ages, and carbon isotopes for the mineralized two-mica quartz schist from the ACGOC. Zircon U-Pb age dating reveals that the ages of 2442 ± 15 Ma and 2462 ± 20 Ma are interpreted as the maximum depositional ages of the sedimentary protoliths, while those of 1756 ± 10 Ma and 1821 ± 20 Ma reflect high-grade metamorphism in the Aobaoshan (ABS) and Hongliuxia (HLX) crystalline graphite deposits. A Silurian-Devonian-magmatic tectonic-thermal event at 407 ± 11 Ma is recorded in the Daaobaogou (DABG) deposit. Collectively, these results suggest at least two major tectonic-thermal events in the Dunhuang block. The whole-rock samples are enriched in silicon, and exhibit low total rare-earth element abundances (∑REE = 50.9–164.9 ppm). Their (La/Yb)_N ratios vary widely (0.48–7.35), accompanied by consistently negative Eu anomalies (δEu = 0.55–1.19). Primitive mantle-normalized trace element patterns reveal obvious depletions in Nb, Ta, Zr, and Hf, coupled with enrichments in Rb, Ba, and Sr, indicating a marine sedimentary environment for the ACGOC rocks. The restoration of metamorphic protoliths indicates that the protoliths of metamorphic rocks in the study area are mainly shale, clay rock, and greywacke, which is resulted from the shallow water environment with weak hydrodynamic transport conditions, likely associated with island arc and active continental margin. The identified paleosalinity type of paleo-water body was fresh-brackish water. The crystalline graphite yields δ¹³C_V-PDB in the range of –21.8 ‰ to –25.6 ‰, consistent with a predominantly biogenic organic matter. Our findings indicate that the formation of crystalline graphite deposits in the ACGOC was controlled by at least two tectonic-thermal events, including Paleoproterozoic high-grade metamorphism (1821 ± 20 Ma and 1756 ± 10 Ma) and a Silurian-Devonian magmatic-tectonic-thermal event (407 ± 11 Ma).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 106840"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144892290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Uplift and exhumation history of western Dangreyongcuo, Tibet: implications for preservation of the Xinlong gold deposit","authors":"Rongkun Zhang ,&nbsp;Juxing Tang ,&nbsp;Huanhuan Yang ,&nbsp;Wei Chen ,&nbsp;Qingping Liu ,&nbsp;Jiajia Yu ,&nbsp;Qi Zhang ,&nbsp;Xuelian Fu ,&nbsp;Xinjuan Liang","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106846","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106846","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The western Dangreyongcuo area, located in the central-northern part of the Central Lhasa terrane, has witnessed a significant breakthrough in lode gold exploration through the recent discovery of the Xinlong gold deposit within continental volcanic sequences. As a key sector for investigating the tectono-thermal evolution of the Central Lhasa terrane, its post-Mesozoic cooling-exhumation processes provide critical constraints on deciphering the Tibetan Plateau uplift dynamics and associated resource-environmental feedbacks. However, this region has received limited systematic investigation to date. This study conducts zircon and apatite (U-Th)/He dating, along with apatite fission track dating, on granites from the Wenbu batholith in western Dangreyongcuo. Integrating these results with the tectonic-thermal evolution of the Lhasa terrane, we reveal the uplift and exhumation history of western Dangreyongcuo since the Mesozoic. Thermochronological data from five samples collected across the eastern and western sectors of the Wenbu batholith yield weighted mean zircon (U-Th)/He ages between 92.7 ± 3.6 Ma and 62.7 ± 2.5 Ma, weighted mean apatite (U-Th)/He ages between 53.9 ± 3.1 Ma and 32.8 ± 1.1 Ma, and central apatite fission track ages between 63 ± 3 Ma and 56 ± 3 Ma. HeFTy modeling reveals three cooling-exhumation phases in the western Dangreyongcuo region since the Late Cretaceous: Ⅰ) Rapid cooling stage (95–60 Ma): Cooling and exhumation rates were ∼2.9 °C/Myr and ∼95.2 m/Myr, respectively, associated with Lhasa-Qiangtang terrane collision and Neo-Tethyan Ocean northward subduction. Ⅱ) Slow cooling stage (60–35 Ma): Cooling and exhumation rates decreased to ∼0.8 °C/Myr and ∼26.7 m/Myr, linked to prolonged low-elevation, slow-uplift conditions in the Central Valley. Ⅲ) Renewed rapid cooling stage (35 Ma-present): Cooling and exhumation rates increased to ∼1.4 °C/Myr and ∼47.6 m/Myr, related to Lhasa lithospheric delamination and post-∼15 Ma Miocene activity of the Dangreyongcuo Rift, both driven by ongoing India-Eurasia collision. The integration of findings from this study with low-temperature thermochronological data from the Lhasa terrane collectively demonstrates differential evolution between the eastern and central sectors within the Central Lhasa terrane, while the entire Tibetan Plateau interior has undergone significant differential uplift since the Mesozoic. The preservation of the Xinlong high-sulfidation epithermal gold deposit despite intense uplift-denudation primarily resulted from protective burial by post-mineralization Zenong Group volcanic cover and fault-induced thickening of overlying strata caused by normal fault displacement. Prolonged low-elevation conditions and slow uplift rates within the Central Valley during the Eocene enhanced the preservation potential of the orebody.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 106846"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144890296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two Nb-Ta mineralization events coeval with the metallogeny of Gongchangling iron ores in the North China Craton: Constraints from geochronology of the columbite-group minerals","authors":"Jing Liu ,&nbsp;Jianfei Fu ,&nbsp;Yuzeng Yao ,&nbsp;Rongrong Guo ,&nbsp;Changming Wei ,&nbsp;Sheng Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106842","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106842","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gongchangling iron deposit is famous for its large amount of high-grade magnetite ore, thus most of the researches focused on Gongchangling mining area Ⅱ due to the bulky high-grade iron ore. In this study, the U-Pb dating of the columbite-group minerals from the hanging wall granite in Gongchangling mining area Ⅰ yields two ages, i.e., 2501 ± 14 Ma and 1845 ± 20 Ma. The chemical compositions of the columbite-group minerals of both ages are always characterized by Nb &gt; Ta, Fe &gt; Mn, low U/Th, and relatively enriched HREE_N content, in consideration of the regionally ∼1.85 Ga mono- and multi-mineral uranium mineralization, the rare metal mineralization should be of NYF-type. The ∼2.50 Ga mineralization is coeval with the Lijiapuzi pegmatite Nb-Ta deposit, indicative of the excellent regional late Neoarchean Nb-Ta mineralization potential in eastern Liaoning Province; the ∼1.85 Ga event of Nb-Ta mineralization suggests that the widespread Paleoproterozoic plutons within Jiao-Liao-Ji belt and Trans-North China Orogen should be concerned in the near future. The intimate spatiotemporal relationship implies that the Paleoproterozoic Nb-Ta mineralization and the high-grade iron ores in the Gongchangling deposits were probably the products of the same geologic process, providing critical insights into the ore-forming process of both deposit types.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 106842"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144886163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Garnet geochronology and mineral geochemistry of the Veliki Krivelj porphyry-skarn Cu deposit, eastern Serbia: Implications for skarn formation and hydrothermal fluid evolution","authors":"Bo Xing ,&nbsp;Wenyuan Liu ,&nbsp;Guiqing Xie ,&nbsp;Jing Xu ,&nbsp;Wei Zheng ,&nbsp;Luyan Chen ,&nbsp;Dongping Rao ,&nbsp;Hu Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106841","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106841","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Veliki Krivelj large porphyry-skarn Cu deposit in Serbia is located in the Timok metallogenic district on the western margin of the Tethyan metallogenic domain. The ore bodies are predominantly hosted in altered andesite, quartz diorite porphyry, skarn and marble, and are structurally controlled by NNW-trending faults. Previous studies have focused on porphyry Cu mineralization, while systematic understanding of skarn Cu mineralization remains limited. Based on detailed geological investigations of skarn orebodies, this study focuses on the geochronology and elemental geochemistry of garnet within them. Detailed petrographic investigations reveal that garnets occur in three lithological units: tuffaceous hornfels (Grt I), quartz diorite porphyry (Grt II), and marble (Grt III), exhibiting multistage compositional zoning: (1) Grt I displays core-to-rim evolution from Grt Ia (Gro_69-75And_25-30) → Grt Ib (Gro_44-63And_34-55) → Grt Ic (Gro_0-14And_86-99), marked by progressive depletion in grossular (Gro) and enrichment in andradite (And); (2) Grt II transitions from Al-rich cores (Grt IIa: Gro_33-46And_52-66) to Fe³⁺-dominant rims (Grt IIb: Gro₁_-9And_90-98); (3) Grt III comprises pure andradite (Gro_0-4And_95-99). Trace element analyses indicate that Grt Ia and Grt Ib display weak HREE enrichment with LREE depletion, weak or absent Eu anomalies, and uniform Y/Ho ratios, suggesting formation in a reduced, low water/rock ratio, near-neutral closed system dominated by magmatic fluids. In contrast, Grt Ic, Grt IIa, Grt IIb, and Grt III exhibit LREE enrichment with HREE depletion, pronounced positive Eu anomalies, and variable Y/Ho ratios, indicative of formation in an oxidized, high water/rock ratio, weakly acidic open system involving both magmatic fluids and variable contributions from meteoric water. Garnet U-Pb dating constrains skarn Cu mineralization at 86.4 ± 1.9 Ma, coeval with porphyry mineralization (∼88 Ma) and quartz diorite porphyry emplacement (85–87 Ma). Comprehensive analysis suggests that the porphyry and skarn mineralization belong to the products of the same magmatic-hydrothermal mineralization system, and the quartz diorite porphyry may be the parental rock of the Veliki Krivelj skarn. This study provides critical mineralogical constraints for guiding further exploration in the mining area.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 106841"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144886165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}