Remote sensing and aeromagnetic data integration for mapping Cu, Mn, Co, Ba, and Fe Mineralization: A Case study from Aït Semgane, Anti-Atlas, Morocco

Abstract

This study presents a comprehensive exploration of mineralization patterns in the Aït Semgane region of the Anti-Atlas, Morocco, through the integration of remote sensing (Sentinel-2 and PRISMA hyperspectral data), aeromagnetic surveys, field observations and petrographic investigations. The study reveals strong spatial correlations between spectral anomalies, lithological formations, and tectonic structures, highlighting the geological controls on the distribution of copper, manganese, cobalt, baryte, and iron mineralization. Sentinel-2 spectral indices identified key anomalies aligned with major faults and shear zones, particularly within volcanosedimentary (NP3, NP2) and Ouarzazate Group formations, suggesting hydrothermal fluid circulation as a primary mineralization mechanism. PRISMA hyperspectral data enhanced lithological mapping and hydrothermal alteration detection, with spectral analysis Sequential Maximum Angle Convex Cone (SMACC), independent component analysis (ICA), and constrained energy minimization (CEM) techniques identifying alteration minerals and minerals associated with the mineralized zones such as serpentine, baryte, chalcopyrite, and iron oxides. Aeromagnetic data analysis revealed a highly deformed structural framework, with NE-SW, NW-SE, E-W, and N-S trending magnetic anomalies, further corroborating the structural control on mineralization. Field validation confirmed the presence of mineralization in predicted zones, with microscopic analysis revealing mineralogical associations such as malachite, pyrolusite, cobaltite, and hematite. Despite the effectiveness of the integrated approach, the spectral resolution of Sentinel-2 and the limited availability of extensive geochemical datasets suggest opportunities for further refinement. Future detailed remote sensing analysis and advanced geophysical investigations could enhance the accuracy and depth of exploration of the explored zones. This study underscores the value of multidisciplinary data integration for efficient mineral exploration and provides a robust framework for sustainable resource development in structurally complex terrains.