Mineralium Deposita最新文献

{"title":"Defining a Triassic carbonatite-related Mo-(REE) metallogenic belt along the southern margin of the North China Craton","authors":"Sheng-Ren Chang, Xin-Fu Zhao, Jian-Hui Su, Shao-Rui Zhao, Li-Ping Zeng, Carl Spandler","doi":"10.1007/s00126-025-01370-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00126-025-01370-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Carbonatites are important sources of rare metals (e.g., REE, Nb), but are not generally considered prospective for Mo mineralization. Numerous quartz-carbonate-rich vein-type Mo-(REE) deposits and prospects of enigmatic origin extend over 200 km along an E-W belt at the southern margin of the North China Craton (S-NCC). These veins commonly contain carbonates, quartz, sulfates, K-feldspar, sulfides, REE minerals, with minor aegirine-augite and pyrochlore occurring locally. This mineral assemblage is diagnostic of carbonatite-related hydrothermal systems. These veins also show alkali metasomatism, elevated REE contents, sulfate-bearing high-salinity fluid inclusions, and mantle-like isotopic compositions consistent with a carbonatite origin. Two Mo-(REE) mineralization events at ~ 238 Ma and ~ 220 to ~ 210 Ma are recognized based on monazite U-Th-Pb and molybdenite Re-Os isotopic dates acquired from representative deposits across the belt. Combined with previous geochronological data, we propose that these deposits define a Triassic carbonatite-related vein-type Mo-(REE) metallogenic belt in the S-NCC which formed during the syn-collisional to post-collisional period of the Qinling-Dabie Orogenic Belt. The carbonatite-related Mo mineralization formed via a synergistic interplay of three key mechanisms: (1) mantle metasomatism by Mo-rich crustal materials (subducted sediments/delaminated crust) generating fertile metallogenic mantle sources; (2) Mo dissolution and transport in mantle-derived volatile-rich carbonatitic melts and related hypersaline fluids; and (3) Mo enrichment/saturation through fractional crystallization of Mo-deficient phases (carbonates, K-feldspar, sulfates) combined with temperature and redox controlled precipitation processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":18682,"journal":{"name":"Mineralium Deposita","volume":"524 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143893520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stable (Zn, Cd, Fe) and radiogenic (U, Pb) metal isotope constraints on the age, genesis and modification of the Lovisa Zn-Pb sulfide deposit, Bergslagen, Sweden","authors":"N. F. Jansson, J. Andersson, I. Rodushkin, E. Engström, K. Billström","doi":"10.1007/s00126-025-01367-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00126-025-01367-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We present isotopic data bearing on the origin of the vent-distal, Lovisa stratiform Zn-Pb sulfide deposit, Bergslagen, Sweden. The age of deposition is constrained by secondary ionisation mass spectrometry (SIMS) U–Pb zircon dating of pumiceous mass flow deposits interbedded with mineralised, fine-grained volcaniclastic strata. Two mass flow deposits in the stratigraphic footwall yield ages of 1892 ± 2 Ma and 1892 ± 5 Ma respectively, whereas a mass flow deposit in the stratigraphic hanging wall yields an age of 1891 ± 3 Ma, constraining the mineralisation to c. 1892 Ma. Positively correlated δ⁶⁶Zn (-0.299 to + 0.219‰), δ³⁴S (-0.2 to + 4.7‰) and Zn/Cd (122 to 659) in sphalerite suggest mass-dependent, kinetic fractionation during sulfide deposition. Upwards decrease in these parameters and Zn/Pb relative to stratigraphic younging suggest that the hydrothermal system matured over time, whereby later fluid batches reached the depositional site less fractionated. Thermochemical sulfate reduction and cooling of single hydrothermal fluid batches are suggested as sulfide precipitation mechanisms while bacteriogenic sulfate reduction is deemed less likely based on by absence of highly negative δ¹¹⁴Cd (-0.212 to -0.069‰), and δ³⁴S values. Sphalerite and galena Pb isotope compositions indicate leaching of c. 1.91–1.89 Ga felsic volcanic rocks as a principal metal source followed by subsequent, syn-metamorphic addition of radiogenic Pb. Limited syn-metamorphic isotopic homogenisation is suggested by retained systematic variations in different sulfide beds.</p>","PeriodicalId":18682,"journal":{"name":"Mineralium Deposita","volume":"257 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143872128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of mantle dynamics and geochemical diversity in chromitite formation: insights from the Luobusa ophiolite, SW Tibet","authors":"Fahui Xiong, Basem Zoheir, Xiangzhen Xu, Tian Qiu, Weibin Gui, Huidan Xie, Jingsui Yang","doi":"10.1007/s00126-025-01368-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00126-025-01368-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Luobusa massif within the Yarlung Zangbo Suture Zone (YZSZ) in SW Tibet hosts distinct chromitite types: low-grade, intermediate-grade, and high-grade (massive) ores, each reflecting unique mantle processes and formation conditions. Variations in Cr# and Mg# values in chromian spinels suggest a dynamic magmatic environment influenced by melt-peridotite interactions, gravitational settling, and metasomatic processes, with boninitic melts characteristic of forearc settings playing a significant role in chromitite formation. Isotopic analyses, including δ²⁶Mg, δ⁵⁶Fe, and PGE alloys, suggest high <i>P</i>-<i>T</i> conditions during chromitite genesis, indicating multiple phases of magmatic differentiation and metasomatism. The Re-depletion (<i>T</i>_RD) ages of 1.0–2.2 Ga for the YZSZ peridotites indicate the presence of ancient subcontinental lithospheric mantle, representing the earliest component in the mantle history of the region. These ancient mantle domains were subsequently modified through interaction with convective mantle sources, likely during the breakup of Gondwana. The chromitites, with an age of ~ 340 Ma, align with subduction-related tectonics and mark an early Paleozoic subduction episode. The peridotites, with formation ages spanning 305–376 Ma, reflect a protracted and non-linear mantle evolution influenced by mantle heterogeneity, episodic melt infiltration, and metasomatic alteration. The transition from MORB- to arc-type basaltic magmatism further suggests subduction initiation and slab rollback during this time. However, the Luobusa peridotites appear to have formed during a distinct, younger tectonic episode, possibly linked to an earlier phase of subduction or mantle plume activity. This is supported by the published Sm–Nd isochron age of 177 ± 31 Ma for Luobusa gabbro, pointing to a Mesozoic magmatic event. Re–Os isotopic data from both YZSZ and Luobusa peridotites reveal interactions between S-saturated basaltic melts and the lithospheric mantle, emphasizing the importance of melt-rock interaction and metasomatism during Neo-Tethyan subduction. Collectively, these observations support a multi-stage tectonic model for the evolution of the Neo-Tethys, involving early subduction, plume-related processes, and the recycling of ancient lithospheric materials.</p>","PeriodicalId":18682,"journal":{"name":"Mineralium Deposita","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143866399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Granite-pegmatite-related gold skarns and associated Li-Cs-Ta pegmatites in the Archean Yilgarn Craton, Western Australia","authors":"Andreas G. Mueller","doi":"10.1007/s00126-025-01361-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00126-025-01361-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In greenstones of the east-central Yilgarn Craton, Western Australia, Li-Cs-Ta (LCT) pegmatites of the albite-spodumene type (resources &gt; 300 Mt at 1.4% Li₂O) are spatially associated with high-T (650–450 °C) granite-pegmatite-related skarn and skarn-quartz vein Au-Ag deposits (production 580 t Au). U-Pb and Rb-Sr ages (2.65–2.62 Ga) link both the LCT pegmatites and gold deposits to a suite of peraluminous I-type biotite granites, magnetite-series in least-fractionated K-feldspar megacrystic members, and magnetite- or ilmenite-series in pegmatitic garnet-muscovite intrusions contaminated by melt interaction with continental crust. The granite-pegmatite complexes and the gold skarns formed at 11–15 km crustal depth (300–400 MPa) in a post-orogenic batholith environment at the margin of the 2.7 Ga Eastern Goldfields orogen. Gold occurs in both endo- and exoskarn, and in granite and pegmatite dikes. Calcite carbon isotopes, and initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios in scheelite relate the skarns to post-orogenic intrusions. Inner calcite, pyroxene, and outer biotite, cordierite, amphibole, and olivine impart a CO₂-Ca-Mg-K metasomatic signature to the hydrothermal system (e.g., Nevoria, Yilgarn Star, Copperhead). An exception is the Ghost Crab deposit, where anthophyllite, cummingtonite, and albite are major constituents in sodic gold ore replacing paragneiss in a zone of magnesian skarn. This deposit is proximal to the albite-spodumene pegmatites of the Mt Marion mine. The skarns in the Yilgarn Craton share the granite-pegmatite association, the gangue mineralogy, the Au-Bi-W geochemical signature, and low- to moderate salinity H₂O-CO₂ fluid inclusions with reduced tungsten skarns, and with world-class gold deposits in other Archean cratons (Kaapvaal, Slave, Superior, Dharwar).</p>","PeriodicalId":18682,"journal":{"name":"Mineralium Deposita","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143836767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Columbite-tantalite and cassiterite as indicator minerals for lithium pegmatites: implications from geospatial and mineralogical analyses of stream sediments in southeast Ireland","authors":"David Kaeter, Julian F. Menuge","doi":"10.1007/s00126-025-01366-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00126-025-01366-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Hard-rock lithium exploration faces challenges due to less advanced deposit and exploration models compared to commodities like copper. Additional obstacles arise from the glaciated and densely vegetated terrains typical of much of Europe, which present additional obstacles to access and geological mapping. Our research focuses on a belt of LCT (Li-Cs-Ta-rich) spodumene pegmatites on the eastern margin of the Caledonian S-type Leinster Batholith, southeast Ireland. We analyse regional stream-sediment geochemistry data and mineralogy of selected stream-sediment samples. Our goal is to identify signatures of the Leinster LCT pegmatites and draw conclusions for lithium exploration. Our analysis reveals high tantalum and tin in several catchments containing known Leinster spodumene pegmatites before and after lithological background correction. Mineralogical analysis reveals that anomalous Sn and Ta in these stream sediments can be attributed to the presence of columbite-tantalite, tapiolite, microlite, and cassiterite. Through SEM-BSE/-EDS analysis and LA-ICP-MS chemical mapping, we show that these minerals exhibit similar textural and chemical characteristics to their counterparts in spodumene pegmatite drill cores and surface boulders and in similar deposits elsewhere, demonstrating that they are useful indicator minerals for these deposits. We conclude that regional lithium pegmatite and rare-metal granite prospectivity can be assessed by examining Sn-Ta associations in stream sediment data. If regional geology, tectonic setting, and stream-sediment geochemistry indicate prospectivity, more detailed local studies can be conducted. By analysing the mineralogy of regional stream sediment samples, prospective areas can be narrowed down to individual catchments. Local geochemical surveys can then follow to pinpoint mineral sources.</p>","PeriodicalId":18682,"journal":{"name":"Mineralium Deposita","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143823020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cobalt-rich diagenetic Mn-oxide mineralization in the Neogene onshore Pisco Basin, Peru","authors":"Ivana C. Carcamo-Valencia, Lisard Torró, Johan S. Ramírez-Briones, Luis Ayala, Joaquín A. Proenza, Thomas Aiglsperger, Patrice Baby","doi":"10.1007/s00126-025-01364-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00126-025-01364-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Sedimentary basin-hosted manganese oxides may represent an important yet underexplored source of critical metals. Here we present a stratigraphic, textural, mineralogical, and compositional characterization of Mn-oxide nodules, coatings, and veins in the Pisco onshore forearc basin, Peru. The Mn-oxide mineralization is stratabound within marine sandstone, siltstone, and tuff from the Neogene Chilcatay and Pisco formations. X-ray diffraction and electron microprobe analyses identify the Mn oxides as cryptomelane (± hollandite) and todorokite, which cement detrital grains and fossilize biological remains. Bulk chemical analyses of nodules, coatings, and veins reveal significant cobalt enrichment (mean = 0.17 ± 0.15 wt% Co; up to 0.63 wt% Co), corroborated by electron probe microanalysis of individual Mn oxide phases (mean = 0.37 ± 0.33 wt% Co; up to 2.1 wt% Co). The stratigraphic control, biomorphic replacement, mineralogy, and chemical composition collectively indicate a diagenetic origin for the Mn-oxide mineralization. The formation pathway likely involved organic matter decay or brine-hydrocarbon interactions coupled with Mn and Fe reduction, resulting in metal-enriched porewaters that circulated along structures and permeable horizons. Subsequent precipitation under oxygenated conditions occurred during late Pliocene uplift and exposure of the East Pisco Basin. This study demonstrates that diagenetic Mn oxides exposed in onshore basins represent a potential resource for manganese and critical elements such as cobalt.</p>","PeriodicalId":18682,"journal":{"name":"Mineralium Deposita","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143814179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The magmatic-hydrothermal transition recorded by trace elements in quartz: a case study from the Zaaiplaats Tin Field, South Africa","authors":"L. C. Vonopartis, P. A. M. Nex, J. A. Kinnaird, L. J. Robb, R. Bolhar","doi":"10.1007/s00126-025-01363-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00126-025-01363-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The composition of quartz has historically been considered unimportant for mineral exploration, although this perspective is changing with the advancement of analytical techniques. The ability to measure trace element variations in quartz provides a unique window into the evolution of mineral deposits. Granites are currently of interest as they can host late-stage magmatic-hydrothermal mineralisation, such as Sn and other critical metals. The Nebo, Bobbejaankop, and Lease granites in the Zaaiplaats Tin Field of the Bushveld Complex represent well-exposed expressions of endogranitic Sn-mineralisation. These granites display an upward increase in their degree of hydrothermal alteration. Disseminated Sn-mineralisation is restricted to the Bobbejaankop and Lease granites and high-grade cassiterite-bearing tourmaline-quartz hydrothermal pipes that radiate upwards through these granites, terminating below the roof contact. Trace element compositions of the quartz from the Zaaiplaats Tin Field shows evidence that supports the suggested fractionation and fluid-saturation models of ore genesis. The Al/Ti and Ge/Ti ratios in quartz increase from the base to the roof and illustrate the sequential fractionation and increase in the degree of fluid-rock interaction. The trace element data display a shift from a magmatic fractionation-controlled evolution to a hydrothermally-controlled system influenced by the saturation of a late-stage magmatic-hydrothermal fluid. Thus, trace element variations in quartz can record the point of fluid-saturation and the magmatic-hydrothermal transition. Therefore, the recognition of the most evolved, fluid-saturated facies indicates lithologies with the best mineralisation potential for cassiterite. The use of trace elements in quartz extends beyond granite-hosted deposits and is potentially applicable to various mineralised systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":18682,"journal":{"name":"Mineralium Deposita","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143805783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Discussion on “A newly recognised mafic sill-hosted Ni-sulfide deposit emplaced during the 2.4 Ga Widgiemooltha dike swarm event, Eastern goldfields, Western Australia” by Siégel et al. (2024)","authors":"Martin James Gole","doi":"10.1007/s00126-025-01365-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00126-025-01365-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18682,"journal":{"name":"Mineralium Deposita","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143805784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lu-Hf dating of apatite from the Katanga Copperbelt: age resetting due to post-orogenic fluid migration","authors":"Qiuping Liu, Pascal Mambwe, Stijn Glorie, Philippe Muchez","doi":"10.1007/s00126-025-01359-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00126-025-01359-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Katanga Copperbelt stands out as one of the world’s largest sediment-hosted Cu-Co provinces, contributing to over 68% of global Co and 15% of global Cu production. The age of these sedimentary Cu-Co deposits remains contentious. This paper presents the first Lu-Hf dates for apatite samples from the late diagenetic to syn-orogentic mineralization phase at Luiswishi, yielding ages of ca. 475–470 Ma. This age range is comparable with a previous Re-Os age on bornite (473 ± 4 Ma) from Kamoto and Rb–Sr and Re–Os ages for sulfides (451 ± 6.0 and 450 ± 3.4 Ma) from Kipushi but younger than the hydrothermal diagenetic mineralization (~ 800 Ma) and the mineralization event related to the Lufilian Orogeny (~ 560–500 Ma). The new Lu-Hf ages indicate a post-orogenic fluid migration at ca. 475–470 Ma in the Katanga Copperbelt, causing dissolution and reprecipitation of apatite and likely precipitation of cogenetic sulfides. The rare earth element (REE) contents of the apatite and scanning electron microprobe (SEM) images provide evidence of partial or complete remobilization of earlier high REE-rich to neo-crystalline homogeneous apatite with lower REE content.</p>","PeriodicalId":18682,"journal":{"name":"Mineralium Deposita","volume":"108 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143775695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Constraints of in-situ elemental and B isotopic compositions of tourmaline on the origin of the Nong Sua Sn deposit, Thailand","authors":"Jie-Hua Yang, Rui-Zhong Hu, Liang Liu, Wei Mao, Ya-Zhou Fu, Mei-Fu Zhou, Heng Chen, Alongkot Fanka, Ke-Jun Hou","doi":"10.1007/s00126-025-01360-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00126-025-01360-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Nong Sua Sn deposit in Thailand is a typical vein-type deposit with three generations of tourmaline (Tur I, II and III). Tur I as disseminations (Tur Ia) or nodules (Tur Ib) in the pegmatite-aplite stock crystallized from the late-magmatic stage. Tur II coexists with quartz in a complex vein system within the stock and is of magmatic-hydrothermal origin. Tur III occurs in cassiterite-tourmaline veins within contact zones between the quartz-tourmaline vein and metasedimentary country rocks (Tur IIIa) or as smaller cassiterite-tourmaline veinlets (Tur IIIb). Both Tur I and Tur II have similar trends in chemical composition with δ¹¹B values from -15.1 ‰ to -11.5 ‰ and from -15.8 ‰ to -11.7 ‰, respectively, which can be explained by a Rayleigh isotope fractionation. The similarity suggests a common magmatic-hydrothermal system from which tourmaline crystallized. Tur III has lower Sn concentrations (22 to 143 ppm) and higher Fe³⁺/(Fe²⁺ + Fe³⁺) ratios than Tur I, Tur II, and thus crystallized under more oxidized conditions. Tur III has relatively high δ¹¹B values from -13.3 ‰ to -10.6 ‰ with corresponding δ¹¹B_fluid values from -9.1‰ to -6.4‰ for Tur III and from -14.0 ‰ to -9.0 ‰ for Tur I and Tur II. Thus, oxidizing modified meteoric water with relatively high δ¹¹B values was added to the magmatic-hydrothermal system from which the deposit formed. Precipitation of cassiterite was likely caused by the change of redox state related to fluid mixing. Our study provides new important insights about the evolution of hydrothermal fluids from the pre-ore stages to ore genesis of Sn deposits. Such an evolution of the magmatic-hydrothermal system may be a common process for Sn deposits in the Southeast Tin Province (SEAT) and elsewhere.</p>","PeriodicalId":18682,"journal":{"name":"Mineralium Deposita","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143745379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}