Progress in Oceanography最新文献

{"title":"Subseasonal forcings dominate chlorophyll variability and modulate its annual level in temperate shelf seas","authors":"Lei Lin, Yan Sun, Kangjie Jin, Tao Zou, Yueqi Wang, Qingchao Hong, Dongyan Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.pocean.2026.103835","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2026.103835","url":null,"abstract":"Seasonal variability has long been regarded as the dominant mode of phytoplankton biomass variability in temperate shelf seas. Growing observational evidence indicates that short-term synoptic events can trigger phytoplankton pulses, thereby introducing substantial subseasonal variability. However, the statistical role of subseasonal variability in explaining phytoplankton biomass fluctuations and its impact on annual-scale variation remain poorly understood. Here, using satellite-derived weekly chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) data in the Yellow and Bohai Seas (2003–2020), we decomposed the time series into subseasonal (<3 months), seasonal (∼3–12 months), and interannual (>12 months) components. Results show that the subseasonal variability contributed ∼ 60 % of the total variance of the Chl-a variability, substantially exceeding seasonal (∼30 %) and interannual (∼10 %) contributions, suggesting the dominant role of subseasonal forcing on the Chl-a variability. The subseasonal variability was mainly driven by small-scale processes with a mean spatial scale of ∼ 12 km. Spatially, it was stronger in the frontal region and the central Yellow Sea, which could be associated with frontal processes and high-frequency atmospheric forcing. Furthermore, the annual mean level of Chl-a is strongly correlated with the intensity of subseasonal variability but only weakly correlated with Pacific climate variabilities, suggesting the modulation of subseasonal forcing on the annual mean phytoplankton biomass. Mechanistically, the annual mean Chl-a level integrates intermittent, short-lived pulses and thus tends to be higher in years with more frequent or stronger subseasonal variability. The lack of link between subseasonal variability and climate may account for the weak modulation of climate on the shelf Chl-a level. This study highlights the contribution of high-frequency and small-scale processes to phytoplankton dynamics in shelf seas, with important implications for ecological observation and ecosystem modeling.","PeriodicalId":20620,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Oceanography","volume":"43 1","pages":"103835"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149221524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temperature, trophic state, and carrying capacity govern pelagic size spectra in the Atlantic Ocean","authors":"Ralf Schwamborn,&nbsp;Tim Dudeck,&nbsp;Claire Carré,&nbsp;Gabriel Bittencourt Farias,&nbsp;María Couret,&nbsp;Javier Díaz-Pérez,&nbsp;Mathilde Dugenne,&nbsp;Gabriela Guerra Araújo Abrantes de Figueiredo,&nbsp;Thierry Frédou,&nbsp;Flávia Lucena-Frédou,&nbsp;Xiomara F.G. Díaz,&nbsp;Dawit Yemane,&nbsp;Cristina González-García,&nbsp;Rainer Kiko,&nbsp;Florian Lüskow,&nbsp;Santiago Hernández-León,&nbsp;Simone Maria de Albuquerque Lira,&nbsp;Laureline Dalaut,&nbsp;Olivier Maury,&nbsp;Marius N. Müller,&nbsp;Arnaud Bertrand","doi":"10.1016/j.pocean.2026.103813","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pocean.2026.103813","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Numerous ambient drivers affect pelagic size spectra, but their relative importance and combined effects are still poorly understood. Here, we present a dataset spanning from picoplankton to mesopelagic fish (across &gt; 15 orders of magnitude), integrating net-caught and <em>in situ</em> imaging data, and encompassing tropical, subtropical, and upwelling systems in the Atlantic. Overall median normalized biomass size spectrum (NBSS) slope was close to −1 (b = −0.955, 95 % CI: −0.960 to −0.949). A sharp peak within the nanoplankton was often found, possibly related to a mesozooplankton grazing size horizon and nutrient dynamics. Phytoplankton biomass fell far below the carrying capacity spectrum in hyper-oligotrophic environments, whereas most other systems were stabilized by top-down control. Nano- to microphytoplankton NBSS slope was not related to sea surface temperature (SST), but to trophic status, with flatter NBSS (i.e., relatively more microplankton) in more chlorophyll-rich waters. Conversely, picoplankton NBSS was positively associated with changes in SST. Picoplankton NBSS was steeper in warm, oligotrophic waters, with high biomass in the smallest picoplankton size classes. While there was also a minor (but significant) negative association with chlorophyll <em>a</em>, SST was the key driver for picoplankton. SST was also important in determining the slope and shape of UVP (Underwater Vision Profiler) zooplankton size spectra. NBSS of net-caught zooplankton was similar to the pelagic ecosystem NBSS. Our findings reveal universal mechanisms regulating pelagic biomass and size structure within the “predator–prey-efficiency theory of size spectra” (PETS), and provide a mechanistic foundation for predicting responses of size-structured communities to global change.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20620,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Oceanography","volume":"248 ","pages":"Article 103813"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148884627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chlorophyll distribution in low latitudes: Vertical structure, standing stock, and seasonal variability","authors":"Anna V. Yushmanova,&nbsp;Alexander V. Shatravin,&nbsp;Alexander L. Vereshchaka","doi":"10.1016/j.pocean.2026.103815","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pocean.2026.103815","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Phytoplankton drive marine carbon sequestration, biogeochemical cycles, and nearly half of global primary production. Quantifying their vertical distribution and seasonal dynamics is essential for forecasting climate impacts and refining global carbon models. Here, we analyze low-latitude (40°N–40°S) chlorophyll-a (<em>Chl</em>) fields from 2005 to 2024 by integrating 64,279 quality-controlled Biogeochemical-Argo profiles with MODIS-Aqua satellite imagery. We partition the euphotic zone into surface (C_s), upper mixed-layer (C_up), and subsurface (C_low) components to resolve three-dimensional spatial and temporal variability. We find that C_up closely tracks C_s, contributes &lt; 20 % to the total <em>Chl</em> standing stock, and varies with wind-driven nutrient fluxes. In contrast, the deep chlorophyll maximum dominating C_low accounts for &gt; 30 % of the total standing stock and shows seasonal dynamics in antiphase to C_up. Notably, despite weak direct regressions between C_s and C_low, their mean volumetric concentrations are remarkably similar, indicating comparable productivity across both layers. This depth-resolved framework exposes hidden subsurface biomass, providing a scalable 3D baseline that highlights the structural limitations of surface-restricted satellite algorithms and current biogeochemical models.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20620,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Oceanography","volume":"248 ","pages":"Article 103815"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148884595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Historical exposure of Australia’s bioregions to marine heatwaves and cold spells with implications for management and climate-preparedness","authors":"Sheena Suet-Wah Chung,&nbsp;Curtis Champion,&nbsp;Alistair J. Hobday,&nbsp;David Abrego,&nbsp;Melinda A. Coleman","doi":"10.1016/j.pocean.2026.103811","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pocean.2026.103811","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Extreme temperature events pose a growing threat to marine ecosystems with cascading impacts on coastal communities and economies. Evaluating the historical exposure of marine regions to periods of temperature extremes provides critical context for understanding cumulated stress on ecosystems and prioritising areas for adaptive management. Using 43 years (1982–2024) of high-resolution (0.05° × 0.05° horizontal grid cell) daily sea surface temperature (SST) data, this study quantified marine heatwaves (MHWs) and marine cold spells (MCSs) across Australia’s 60 mesoscale marine bioregions by assessing event frequency, intensity and duration. To facilitate comparison among regions, we applied MHW and MCS exposure indices (MHW-EI/MCS-EI) that integrate multiple event characteristics. All MHW metrics displayed statistically significant positive trends, with over 95% of bioregions experiencing longer MHWs. The MHW-EI identified highly exposed regions in Western Australia, southeast Tasmania and northeast Queensland. In contrast, MCSs frequency and duration declined in 55% of bioregions, while exposure index analyses showed that several regions, such as King Sound, Cambridge-Bonaparte, Pilbara (nearshore) and Batemans Shelf, have been highly exposed to both warming and cooling extremes. Highly exposed bioregions showed an expansion of ‘Strong’ to ‘Extreme’ MHWs between 2015 and 2024, while the spatial extent of MCSs contracted. Together, these findings demonstrate a shift toward warming-dominated coastal climates, with intensifying heat extremes and spatially constrained cold events. The analysis approach is applicable to other geographic regions globally to compare regional thermal exposure, thereby supporting proactive climate-smart management across marine systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20620,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Oceanography","volume":"248 ","pages":"Article 103811"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148756168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental and geomorphological drivers of the distribution of black corals across an oceanic archipelago and adjacent seamounts from the eastern Atlantic","authors":"F. Otero-Ferrer,&nbsp;R. Aguilar,&nbsp;L. Terrana,&nbsp;L. Bramanti,&nbsp;M. Bo,&nbsp;D. Deriu,&nbsp;F. Espino,&nbsp;N.E. Bosch,&nbsp;S. Gobbi,&nbsp;Under The Pole Consortium,&nbsp;A. García-Mendoza,&nbsp;R. Haroun,&nbsp;F. Machín,&nbsp;F. Tuya,&nbsp;S. Navarro-Mayoral","doi":"10.1016/j.pocean.2026.103791","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pocean.2026.103791","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Oceanic archipelagos host unique biodiversity shaped by strong geomorphological and oceanographic gradients. The Canary Islands and their adjacent seamounts is a biodiversity “crossroad” between the Atlantic and Mediterranean biogeographic zones, spanning <em>ca.</em> 1,300 km from the western to the eastern islands. Here, we took advantage of this geomorphological configuration to assess whether the distribution patterns of black corals (Anthozoa, Antipatharia) varied across island groups (i.e. western, central, eastern, and seamounts) in relation to key environmental and geomorphological drivers. Occurrences of antipatharians were compiled from SCUBA surveys, towed cameras and ROV deployments conducted across 144 sites and depths from 1 to <em>ca.</em> 1,000 m. Over 2,400 presence records were obtained, including 11 taxa from 10 genera. Black coral assemblages showed clear bathymetric partitioning, with some taxa mainly restricted to mesophotic depths, others occurring predominantly in bathyal waters, and Stichopathes spp. and Leiopathes sp. spanning broader depth ranges. Depth and substrate type were the main predictors of the distribution of most common taxa (Antipathella wollastoni, Antipathes furcata, Parantipathes spp. and Stichopathes spp.), while horizontal current speed, vertical velocity, slope and island group also influenced their occurrences. A. wollastoni and A. furcata were strongly associated with hard substrates at mesophotic depths, whereas Parantipathes spp. was more frequent in bathyal habitats and positively related to horizontal current speed. These findings provide predictive insights into the distribution patterns of black coral taxa in relation to diverse environmental and geographical factors, revealing the significance of this region as an important global hotspot, and providing essential baseline information for the sustainable management and protection of mesophotic and deep-sea coral-dominated ecosystems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20620,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Oceanography","volume":"247 ","pages":"Article 103791"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148384323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced dimethylsulfide emissions following eutrophication remediation in a coastal bay: biogeochemical and hydrological controls","authors":"Xiao-Ran Li,&nbsp;Jin-Wei Wu,&nbsp;Xiao-Song Zhong,&nbsp;Hao Qiao,&nbsp;Shi-Bo Yan,&nbsp;Feng Xu,&nbsp;Yu-Cheng Jiang,&nbsp;Rui-Te Zhang,&nbsp;Yu-Hao Qiu,&nbsp;Hong-Hai Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.pocean.2026.103799","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pocean.2026.103799","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biogenic dimethylated sulfur compounds (BDSCs), including dimethylsulfide (DMS), dimethylsulfoniopropionate, and dimethylsulfoxide, play important roles in climate regulation and the global sulfur cycle. Coastal ecosystems are key components of the biogenic sulfur cycle, yet their complex internal driving mechanisms and responses to human activities remain poorly constrained. This study combines high-frequency in situ observations with historical datasets from Jiaozhou Bay, a typical Chinese coastal bay, to systematically characterize BDSC spatiotemporal variability, assess their responses to long-term eutrophication remediation, and elucidate the underlying biogeochemical and hydrological controls. Spatially, BDSC concentrations decreased from the nutrient-rich northeastern bay outwards; temporally, they showed a bimodal distribution with peaks in winter and summer, which was decoupled from chlorophyll-<em>a</em> in winter. Results from in situ incubation experiments and geochemical parameters revealed that seasonal and long-term variations in BDSC concentrations were primarily driven by phytoplankton growth and community succession. Hydrological processes acted as a primary driver in shaping the spatial gradient, where riverine inputs created a major BDSC production zone in the northeast of Jiaozhou Bay, and hydrodynamic processes transported the surplus to compensate for the deficits in sink regions. Furthermore, DMS budget analysis revealed that microbial consumption (accounting for 52.1% ± 6.7% of total removal) and photo-oxidation (30.8% ± 7.8%) were the dominant removal pathways. Despite long-term decreases in regional nutrient levels and phytoplankton abundance following environmental remediation, BDSC concentrations (annual mean DMS: 6.96 ± 5.47 nmol L⁻¹; DMSP: 16.95 ± 13.94 nmol L⁻¹) and the DMS sea-to-air flux (annual mean: 9.15 ± 7.66 μmol m⁻² d^-1) have unexpectedly increased, with the current mean DMS concentration and flux being approximately 3-fold and 5-fold higher than those in 2010–2011, respectively. This increase suggests that the disproportionate nutrient reduction may have altered the phytoplankton community towards high-BDSC-producing species, thereby enhancing regional DMS emissions. These results provide insights into a potential climate effect driven by eutrophication remediation, highlighting the complex impacts of anthropogenic interventions on coastal biogeochemical cycles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20620,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Oceanography","volume":"247 ","pages":"Article 103799"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148461411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Marine climate variability and change in the Torres Strait","authors":"Laura K. Blamey,&nbsp;Stephanie Brodie,&nbsp;Éva E. Plagányi,&nbsp;Nicole Murphy,&nbsp;Roy A. Deng,&nbsp;Trevor Hutton,&nbsp;Ashley J. Williams,&nbsp;Denham Parker,&nbsp;Leo X.C. Dutra","doi":"10.1016/j.pocean.2026.103797","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pocean.2026.103797","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Small islands are highly vulnerable to climate change as rising sea levels, warming temperatures and ocean acidification threaten marine ecosystems, livelihoods and traditional way of life. The Australian Torres Strait Islands are a low-lying archipelago between northern Australia and Papua New Guinea and face existential threats akin to small island developing states in the Pacific. We analyse trends in ocean and atmospheric variables and synthesise changes that occurred in key Torres Strait marine habitats and resources since the 1970 s. We find increasing trends in temperature, marine heatwaves, sea surface height and dry-season wind run. Other variables including solar exposure, rainfall, river discharge and net primary productivity show variability but no trend, and are typically aligned with large El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events. Habitats such as mangroves, seagrass meadows and coral reefs are naturally variable, but sensitive to compounding climate extremes, including ENSO-related anomalies and sustained ocean warming. Our study further explores the dependence of commercial and cultural fisheries on these foundation habitats, highlighting that habitat fluctuations combined with ocean warming are already impacting some fisheries (e.g. tropical rock lobster). Cultural totemic species such as dugongs and green turtle are also under pressure from climate change. Our synthesis informs efforts to respond and adapt to climate change. Moreover, we highlight that several interconnected initiatives are needed, including long-term monitoring, climate change communication, adaptive strategies for fisheries and communities, as well as strong governance and policy support alongside continued efforts to empower communities through capacity building, education, and equitable engagement.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20620,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Oceanography","volume":"247 ","pages":"Article 103797"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148527115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Age-specific spatial distributions reveal nursery grounds of immature Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) off the southern coast of Hokkaido, Japan","authors":"Kohei Hamabe,&nbsp;Masayuki Chimura,&nbsp;Kazuhiro Sadayasu,&nbsp;Osamu Sakai,&nbsp;Ryuta Sato,&nbsp;Orio Yamamura","doi":"10.1016/j.pocean.2026.103786","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pocean.2026.103786","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Knowledge of the spatial distribution of marine species provides crucial information for their exploitation and conservation. Species distribution models (SDMs) are commonly used to estimate such distributions. Understanding age-specific spatial distribution is particularly important, as it can reveal differences among life stages that may be associated with individual growth. Despite the high economic value of Pacific cod off the southern coast of Hokkaido, Japan, information on their spatial distribution has been limited due to data availability. To identify core nursery grounds in summer, this study estimated age-specific SDMs for immature cod aged 1 to 3 years in this area. Generalized additive models with a Tweedie distribution were employed for these age-specific SDMs, utilizing fishery-independent bottom-trawl data. Different covariates were selected for the SDMs by age, whereas geographic position and depth were selected for the SDMs of all ages. Age-1 cod showed a clear preference for a narrow depth range, whereas age-2 and age-3 cod exhibited high density across a wider depth range. The essential fish habitat, defined based on predicted distributions, showed an ontogenetic eastward shift in the distribution of Pacific cod. The area east of Cape Erimo (143.3°E) was identified as a significant nursery ground for immature Pacific cod. The presence of coastal less-saline and/or cold current water masses likely helps maintain nursery grounds although extreme oceanographic events have recently been observed in this area. Our results highlight the ontogenetic variation in Pacific cod distribution and the importance of age-specific analysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20620,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Oceanography","volume":"247 ","pages":"Article 103786"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148311383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deep learning models to identify drivers of chlorophyll-a dynamics in the Atlantic Ocean","authors":"Anshul Chauhan,&nbsp;Philip A.H. Smith,&nbsp;Filipe Rodrigues,&nbsp;Asbjørn Christensen,&nbsp;Bruno Buongiorno Nardelli,&nbsp;Michael St. John,&nbsp;Patrizio Mariani","doi":"10.1016/j.pocean.2026.103782","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pocean.2026.103782","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding the seasonal dynamics of plankton in the Atlantic Ocean is the first step towards the proper assessment of marine ecosystem health and productivity. This study examines the response of the total chlorophyll-a concentration to physical drivers observable by remote sensing in the Atlantic Ocean using a combination of multivariate Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and deep learning models. The results show that the Sea Surface Salinity (SSS), Absolute Dynamic Topography (ADT), and Sea Surface Temperature (SST) are found to be the predominant drivers of physical variability across the ocean, with distinct spatial patterns. The clustering of the principal components identifies regions characterised by distinct physical processes. Based on these clusters, we devised a Transformer Encoder model to predict chlorophyll-a concentrations in three distinct regions. The model outperformed climatological baselines, especially in the temperate and tropical regions, though accuracy varied seasonally, with higher accuracy in winter months and increased complexity in summer due to more dynamic oceanographic conditions. A SHAP-based sensitivity analysis showed that ADT and SSS dominate chlorophyll-a variability, particularly during summer months, while SST, mixed layer depth (MLD), ocean currents (OC) and wind stress (WS) exert secondary but regionally and seasonally distinct influences. The study highlights the necessity to account for both seasonal and regional differences in predictive modelling, and it underscores the importance of continuing to develop spatio-temporal models to improve forecasting accuracy for marine ecosystem management and conservation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20620,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Oceanography","volume":"247 ","pages":"Article 103782"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148356448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early winter pico-nanophytoplankton bloom in the Bonifacio cyclonic gyre after an extreme flooding","authors":"Melilotus Thyssen,&nbsp;Pierre Marrec,&nbsp;Isabelle Taupier-Letage,&nbsp;Sana Ben Ismail,&nbsp;Mohamed Anis Ben Ismail,&nbsp;Michel Denis,&nbsp;Soumaya Lahbib,&nbsp;Nagib Bhairy,&nbsp;Malika Bel Hassen,&nbsp;Ismail Boudriga,&nbsp;Cherif Sammari","doi":"10.1016/j.pocean.2026.103790","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pocean.2026.103790","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Phytoplankton functional groups distribution and dynamics builds nutrients and carbon energy pathways in the ocean. They respond fast to changes in their environment, and the understanding of their dynamics relies on regular sampling to resolve daily to weekly scales. The Bonifacio Cyclonic Gyre (BCG) is an area prone to intermittent phytoplankton blooms triggered by westerly winds, and close to coastal areas capable of fuelling open waters with nutrients from flooding. To study phytoplankton evolution in this dynamical area, the distribution of phytoplankton functional groups in the surface waters of the western Mediterranean Sea was investigated semi-continuously (30 min) using an automated CytoSense flow cytometer coupled to a FerryBox, onboard the ferry Le Carthage, between October 20, 2016 and January 12, 2017 and along the route from Tunis (Tunisia) to Genova (Italy). The BCG signature was identified by its surface temperature anomaly and evidenced significant higher abundances of the RedPicoProk, the RedPico, the HsNano and the OraNano over the full sampling period, except for the RedNano1, the RedNano2 and the OraPicoProk. Their estimated chlorophyll <em>a</em> concentration per group were higher within the gyre than outside, but did not affect the carbon/chlorophyll <em>a</em> ratio. A high carbon/chlorophyll <em>a</em> ratio can indicate recently uplifted cells that are not yet adapted to high light conditions. In this case, the observed ratios suggest that the cells were not recently upwelled, but instead had time to adjust their photophysiology to surface conditions. During 19–20 December, extreme overflow occurred over Corsica and Sardinia, considered as one of the highest rainfall events of the past 20 years. The runoff was evidenced by the low salinity intrusion that lasted several days after the storm. After the runoff and within the Bonifacio gyre region, biomasses of all groups increased and remained high until the end of the sampling, except for the RedPico. The runoff triggered an early bloom end of December that persisted for several weeks, being trapped and repleted by the uplift of the isopycnals from the BCG. Regular observation of the sea surface temperature and salinity together with phytoplankton community structure provides essential insights into the fast response of phytoplankton communities to an extreme event at unprecedented resolution.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20620,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Oceanography","volume":"247 ","pages":"Article 103790"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148385279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}