Progress in Oceanography最新文献

{"title":"Unraveling the link between copepods and diazotrophs in the South China Sea","authors":"Juan Tian,&nbsp;Haoyang He,&nbsp;Yue Zhang,&nbsp;Jianghao Ning,&nbsp;Hongmei Jing,&nbsp;Huabin Mao,&nbsp;Minfang Zheng,&nbsp;Mengya Chen,&nbsp;Yaqing Shen,&nbsp;Lianming Zheng,&nbsp;Run Zhang,&nbsp;Hantao Zhou,&nbsp;Min Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.pocean.2026.103789","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pocean.2026.103789","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biological N₂ fixation is a crucial process in the marine nitrogen (N) cycle, driving primary productivity and biogeochemical cycling. As the dominant marine zooplankton, copepods play a critical role in biogeochemical fluxes and may potentially influence N₂ fixation. However, the potential interactions between copepods and diazotrophs remain poorly understood. In this study, we combined natural isotope abundance (δ¹⁵N) analysis, ¹⁵N tracer assays, and nitrogenase gene (<em>nifH</em>) sequencing to examine the potential link between N₂ fixation and copepods in the South China Sea during summer 2020. Notably, while high-throughput sequencing detected diverse <em>nifH</em> gene sequences (primarily <em>Trichodesmium</em> and proteobacteria) in copepod samples, no detectable copepod-associated N₂ fixation activity was observed using the ¹⁵N₂ tracer method. This decoupling between gene presence and detectable activity suggests that the copepod-associated <em>nifH</em> signals more likely reflected ingestion or transient retention rather than active N₂ fixation within or on copepods. Molecular evidence, especially the high similarity between copepod-associated and seawater <em>nifH</em> sequences, is consistent with a potential trophic linkage between copepods and diazotrophs. This interpretation is also supported by isotopic patterns: copepod δ¹⁵N values were positively correlated with suspended particulate δ¹⁵N, and both pools showed clear spatial gradients decreasing from nearshore to offshore regions. These results suggest that copepods may interact with diazotrophs and diazotroph-associated particulate matter through grazing pathways. Our findings suggest that copepods may provide a potential pathway for diazotroph-derived nitrogen to enter the food web, thereby influencing the fate of newly fixed nitrogen in oligotrophic waters.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20620,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Oceanography","volume":"247 ","pages":"Article 103789"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148356447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coral connectivity in a changing climate: Biophysical drivers, key knowledge gaps and emerging empirical advances","authors":"Chinenye J. Ani,&nbsp;Camille M. Grimaldi,&nbsp;Anna K. Cresswell,&nbsp;Takuya Iwanaga,&nbsp;Barbara J. Robson","doi":"10.1016/j.pocean.2026.103793","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pocean.2026.103793","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Coral reefs are experiencing widespread decline from climate change and anthropogenic stressors, increasing the need to understand the processes that maintain and replenish coral populations. Connectivity—the exchange of individuals between coral populations—underpins population recovery, yet major uncertainties and natural variability remain in larval biology and behaviour during dispersal and settlement. This review synthesises empirical and theoretical understanding of the physical and biological drivers of coral connectivity from laboratory and field studies. Rather than reviewing connectivity modelling frameworks, we focus on the underlying processes that govern connectivity in nature and that constrain and inform predictive approaches. We highlight well–studied processes such as spawning timing and identify key data gaps, including buoyancy, mortality, and competency during dispersal. High variability across taxa and locations complicates the identification of general connectivity patterns, particularly for processes that are difficult to observe <em>in situ</em>. Emerging techniques—including larval colouring, time–series competency assays, acoustic enrichment, AI–based behavioural tracking and genetic barcoding—offer promising avenues to address these gaps. By synthesising empirical evidence and recent methodological advances, this review highlights the processes that underpin coral connectivity and provides a basis for improving empirical measurements and informing future connectivity model development to support understanding and future applications in conservation and restoration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20620,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Oceanography","volume":"247 ","pages":"Article 103793"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148384321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial – Foreword","authors":"Kerry Howell,&nbsp;Ana Hilario","doi":"10.1016/j.pocean.2026.103747","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pocean.2026.103747","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20620,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Oceanography","volume":"247 ","pages":"Article 103747"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148641976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial patterns of mesozooplankton around the Iberian Peninsula","authors":"María Couret,&nbsp;Airam N. Sarmiento-Lezcano,&nbsp;Víctor M. Tuset,&nbsp;José María Landeira,&nbsp;M. Pilar Olivar,&nbsp;Santiago Hernández-León","doi":"10.1016/j.pocean.2026.103785","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pocean.2026.103785","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Zooplankton community structure has traditionally been studied using taxon-based methods, which relate species abundance and diversity to environmental variability. Although size-based approaches provide a functional perspective on ecosystem structure, their application across contrasting regions and extended vertical gradients remains limited. Here, we provide the first integrated assessment of mesozooplankton taxonomic and size-based structure by investigating the geographical, vertical, and diel distribution of biomass, abundance, diversity, and normalized biomass size spectra (NBSS) down to 700 m in five zones (Balearic Islands, Alboran Sea, Cadiz, Lisbon, and Galicia) during autumn 2020. Marked abundance and biomass differences were observed around the Iberian Peninsula, with significant spatial and depth-related variability but no consistent diel variations. NBSS slopes – used as an indicator of zooplankton community structure – were consistently flatter than −1, suggesting relatively high trophic transfer efficiency. We identified a marked shift in the NBSS slopes and size-diversity at the epipelagic – upper-mesopelagic boundary layers (∼300–500 m), with the magnitude of this transition varying based on regional productivity. In low-productivity areas (Balears and Cadiz), the transition toward larger size organisms occurred at greater depths, whereas in high-productivity regions (Lisbon and Galicia), the transition occurred shallower, hosting larger mesozooplankton closer to the surface. Finally, size diversity decreased from the southwestern Mediterranean to the North Atlantic, while abundance and biomass peaked off Lisbon, the most productive region. By linking vertical size-structure transitions to productivity gradients across a major biogeographic boundary, this study underscores the value of integrating size-based metrics into regional ecosystem assessments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20620,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Oceanography","volume":"247 ","pages":"Article 103785"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148385282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbial response to temperature and organic matter shifts in deep Antarctic sediments","authors":"G. Luongo,&nbsp;C. Corinaldesi,&nbsp;A. Dell’Anno,&nbsp;A. Giorgetti,&nbsp;A. Pusceddu,&nbsp;E. Rastelli,&nbsp;M. Tangherlini,&nbsp;A. Cau,&nbsp;C. Ennas,&nbsp;S. Greco,&nbsp;R. Danovaro","doi":"10.1016/j.pocean.2026.103792","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pocean.2026.103792","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The identification of the factors driving the biodiversity and metabolism of microbial components in deep-sea Antarctic ecosystems is crucial in light of their rapid transformations. Here, through a replicated and hierarchical sampling strategy, we investigated two deep-sea benthic areas in the Ross Sea (Antarctica) characterized by different bottom temperatures (ΔT ca. 1.3°C) and trophic conditions. The warmer and more oligotrophic deep seafloor showed higher bacterial and archaeal diversity and faster organic matter cycling, whilst the colder mesotrophic system displayed a higher organic matter content and microbial biomass. Proteobacterial assemblages dominated both areas, yet only 9.2% of the taxa were shared between the two sampling areas, indicating a major turnover in microbial biodiversity. Multiple linear regression models identified temperatures and organic matter as key drivers of prokaryotic assemblages and ecosystem functioning, with viral infections playing a potential role in organic matter cycling. These findings allow understanding how environmental changes in Antarctic benthic ecosystems, such as those potentially induced by climate change, could alter the biodiversity and metabolism of the microbial components and the organic matter cycling.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20620,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Oceanography","volume":"247 ","pages":"Article 103792"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148385281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From atmospheric light to bioluminescence: Determining transition depths using gliders in the Mediterranean Sea","authors":"Andrea Hay,&nbsp;Jeanne Maingot-Lépée,&nbsp;Anne Petrenko,&nbsp;Nagib Bhairy,&nbsp;Christopher Luneau,&nbsp;Jean-Luc Fuda,&nbsp;Séverine Martini","doi":"10.1016/j.pocean.2026.103788","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pocean.2026.103788","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Light in the ocean is an important driver of organism behavior and primary productivity. Bioluminescence, or light produced by living organisms, contributes to marine lightscapes. While this trait is ubiquitous throughout marine species, observations of bioluminescence remain relatively sparse compared to other oceanographic variables. Here we present glider based observations of bioluminescence and atmospheric light in the north west Mediterranean Sea as a part of the BIOLUminescence Marine, Observations spatio-temporelles in situ par Planeur Sous-marin (BIOLUMOPS) campaign. We consider the relationship between these variables down to a depth of 600 m using data from two deployments in 2025. We calculate the depth at which the light field is dominated by bioluminescence in this region, termed the bioluminescence transition depth. Our findings suggest a strong diel signal in transition depths from the surface at midnight to depth ranges between 246 and 465 m at midday. This depth range approximately follows a range of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) isolumes from 2.1 × 10⁻⁵ to 1.8 × 10⁻⁴ <span><math><mi>μ</mi></math></span>mol photon m⁻² s⁻¹, consistent across both the winter and summertime deployments. These findings present a new perspective on lightscapes in the Mediterranean Sea, with implications on light-mediated behavior and the effectiveness of communication between organisms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20620,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Oceanography","volume":"247 ","pages":"Article 103788"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148385283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evidence for the cross-shelf transport of organic matter in the Bay of Bengal","authors":"G.R. Rajula,&nbsp;A. Prakash,&nbsp;V.V.S.S. Sarma,&nbsp;M.G. Goankar,&nbsp;A.P. Tari,&nbsp;S.T. Khalap,&nbsp;N.P. Satelkar","doi":"10.1016/j.pocean.2026.103795","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pocean.2026.103795","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The existence of a thick oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) in the Bay of Bengal (BoB) is known; however, the source of the organic carbon to support heterotrophic carbon demand is unclear. The first evidence of the transport of organic matter from shelf sediments to the water column through coastal currents, and its contribution to supporting heterotrophic carbon demand in the oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) in the northwestern Bay of Bengal (BoB) is reported. Higher sinking carbon fluxes were observed at 350 m depth during the monsoon period, associated with river discharge, compared to the dry period. The peak in sinking fluxes did not show any relation with photic zone primary production, suggesting that in-situ production of organic matter may not be the sole source of the sinking fluxes. Based on the carbon and nitrogen isotopic composition of sinking organic matter and shelf sediments, it was estimated that about 3/4 of the sinking carbon flux at 350 m was contributed by shelf sediments. River discharge, eddies, cross-shore, and alongshore currents play a dominant role in transporting coastal sediments to offshore. The impact of these processes varies with both space and time. The net utilization of sinking carbon between 350 m and 860 m was 0.5 ± 0.2 TgC y^-1, which is close to that of the mean microbial respiration rate (0.8 ± 0.4 TgC y^-1). Simulation of cross-shelf transport in numerical models may improve predictions of changes in OMZ intensity due to climate change.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20620,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Oceanography","volume":"247 ","pages":"Article 103795"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148385457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impacts of Kuroshio large meander on growth, distribution, and recruitment of chub mackerel (Scomber japonicus) during 2018–2024 in the Northwestern Pacific","authors":"Ziqin Wang,&nbsp;Shin-ichi Ito","doi":"10.1016/j.pocean.2026.103784","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pocean.2026.103784","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Kuroshio is uniquely distinct among western boundary currents. A direct connection between the 2018–2024 Kuroshio large meander (LM) and the chub mackerel population dynamics remains unconfirmed. In this study, we developed a coupled growth-population dynamics model incorporating a super-individual movement module to investigate the effects of the Kuroshio LM on the growth and recruitment of age-0 chub mackerel. The model successfully reproduced the ontogenetic migration pattern under climatological environmental forcing and was then applied to the 2018–2024 period, which coincided with the longest recorded LM event. Simulation results indicated that year-classes born during LM years exhibited lower daily growth and survival rates than those born during non-LM (nLM) years. Sensitivity analyses revealed that sea surface temperature in LM years was optimal for recruitment, whereas food conditions and sea surface current fields under the LM regime reduced the survival of chub mackerel. Environmental effects varied with the spawning season; food availability was the dominant constraint for cohorts from the non-main spawning season (January–April), whereas the sea surface current field strongly influenced cohorts from the primary spawning season (May–June). Further analysis revealed that the influence of the current field on the main spawning season was attributable to the direct effects of LM as well as the flow field in the spawning ground directed toward the Kuroshio axis. Our findings highlight the cohort-specific vulnerability of chub mackerel to oceanographic anomalies and demonstrate the necessity for an integrated understanding of timely adaptive management against extreme events.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20620,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Oceanography","volume":"247 ","pages":"Article 103784"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148641975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mesoscale eddies in the Southern Ocean influence foraging trip behaviour of multiple penguin species","authors":"Joshua C. Wilson,&nbsp;Philip N. Trathan,&nbsp;Hugh J. Venables,&nbsp;David G. Ainley,&nbsp;Matthis Auger,&nbsp;Alistair M.M. Baylis,&nbsp;Charles-André Bost,&nbsp;Louise Emmerson,&nbsp;Kimberley T. Goetz,&nbsp;Mark A. Hindell,&nbsp;Jefferson T. Hinke,&nbsp;Catharine Horswill,&nbsp;Aymeric Houstin,&nbsp;Akiko Kato,&nbsp;Nobuo Kokubun,&nbsp;Gerald L. Kooyman,&nbsp;Małgorzata Korczak-Abshire,&nbsp;Sara Labrousse,&nbsp;Céline Le Bohec,&nbsp;Andrew D. Lowther,&nbsp;Ryan R. Reisinger","doi":"10.1016/j.pocean.2026.103798","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pocean.2026.103798","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mesoscale eddies are rotating vortices of water that perturb the local physical, chemical, and biological environment. In the Southern Ocean, penguins inhabit regions characterised by intense eddy activity, which can offer foraging opportunities. To better understand relationships between penguins and eddies, we collated tracking data for five species (emperor, king, chinstrap, Adélie, and macaroni penguins), totalling 3189 individuals from 59 colonies. Data were subset by colony and breeding stage to create 74 case studies. We then fitted Hidden Markov Models to penguin tracks to identify Area-Restricted-Search (ARS) behaviour (a proxy for foraging) and used Generalised Additive Mixed Models to relate behaviour to the presence of eddies. In 28 case studies, penguins displayed a pronounced increase in ARS within specific parts of eddies. All five species exhibited an association between ARS and eddies in several case studies, though substantial regional differences in association strength were observed. In life history periods when penguins experienced central place constraints, ARS was more frequently associated with eddies. By studying five extensive case studies in greater detail, we found that eddies possibly influenced trip trajectories by aggregating prey at submesoscale filaments around their peripheries, by interacting with the distribution of sea ice, and potentially by transporting key prey species in their interiors. In these case studies, eddy maturity, amplitude, and intensity also differed between eddies collocated with ARS and the background eddy field. When eddy abundance varied, foraging trip durations also varied, though with opposing trends depending on the colony and breeding stage. Eddy activity is projected to increase in the Southern Ocean, which in isolation would have mixed impacts on penguins, though the negative impacts of broad-scale changes in prey availability and sea ice concentration are likely to outweigh any impacts of changing eddy fields.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20620,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Oceanography","volume":"247 ","pages":"Article 103798"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148402296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Different migration patterns of European anchovy and sardine around Iberian Peninsula revealed by eye lens isotopes","authors":"Tatsuya Sakamoto,&nbsp;Susana Garrido","doi":"10.1016/j.pocean.2026.103781","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pocean.2026.103781","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Small pelagic fish are key components of productive coastal ecosystems, yet their migration ecology remains poorly understood, causing challenges for management. We applied stable carbon and nitrogen isotope (<em>δ</em>¹³C and <em>δ</em>¹⁵N) analyses of eye lenses to investigate movements of European anchovy (<em>Engraulis encrasicolus</em>) and sardine (<em>Sardina pilchardus</em>) around the Iberian Peninsula. Muscle isotopes showed strong spatial heterogeneity, largely consistent between species and reflecting differences in baseline values. Eye lens centres of small anchovy, and to a lesser extent sardine, showed clear geographic variation: higher <em>δ</em>¹⁵N off the Atlantic south coast, lowest <em>δ</em>¹⁵N in the Alboran Sea, and lower <em>δ</em>¹³C off the west coast. These patterns persisted across years and fish sizes in anchovy, with only minor outliers, suggesting limited cross regional migration. An exception was the overlap between west coast and Cantabrian Sea values, consistent with connectivity supported by cohort tracking. In contrast, sardine isotopes from the west and south coasts converged into a unimodal distribution with growth, indicating frequent exchange between these regions. These findings support recent revision of stock limits that separate south and west coast anchovy stocks, but they question the current assumption of separation between western and northern Iberian anchovy stocks. Eye lens isotopes provide a powerful complementary tool to resolve nursery origin and connectivity, offering new opportunities for fisheries management in shorter time scales than molecular techniques, which is paramount to be able to cope with rapid changes of fish distribution due to climate change, and for spatially explicit management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20620,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Oceanography","volume":"247 ","pages":"Article 103781"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148290640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}