Progress in Oceanography最新文献

{"title":"Modeling the larval dispersal and connectivity of Red Snapper (Lutjanus campechanus) in the Northern Gulf of Mexico","authors":"Xing Zhou ,&nbsp;Luisa Lopera ,&nbsp;Adela Roa-Varón ,&nbsp;Annalisa Bracco","doi":"10.1016/j.pocean.2024.103265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2024.103265","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Advancements in computing power and improved biophysical dispersal models, have enhanced our ability to realistically simulate distributions and behaviors of fish larvae. In this study, a 1 km high-resolution ocean model capable of capturing the ocean's mesoscale and sub-mesoscale motions is integrated with a biophysical dispersal model that considers a range of larval behaviors. Together they are used to investigate the dispersal and connectivity of Red Snapper (<em>Lutjanus campechanus</em>) larvae, a key species for both commercial and recreational fisheries in the northern Gulf of Mexico (GOM). We quantify how various larval behaviors influence the spatiotemporal dispersal, connectivity and settling of Red Snapper larvae focusing on egg buoyancy, larvae swimming capability, and ontogenetic vertical migration. Alongside habitat preferences, the ocean advection of Red Snapper larvae is crucial in shaping their dispersal patterns. Moreover, our simulations suggest different settling and connectivity characteristics between the eastern and western GOM. These results, indicate the need to divide these regions into distinct entities for stock management, rather than treating them as a unified stock as conventionally done.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20620,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Oceanography","volume":"224 ","pages":"Article 103265"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140644672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental construction of eddy real-time structure based on gradient-dependent OI in the Kuroshio-Oyashio confluence region","authors":"Mengli Zhang ,&nbsp;Chunling Zhang ,&nbsp;Kefeng Mao ,&nbsp;Xing Liu ,&nbsp;Zhizu Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.pocean.2024.103262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2024.103262","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The internal structures of mesoscale eddies are variable due to different generation mechanism, spatiotemporal scale, and movement characteristics. Based on the principle of data assimilation, this study provided a new approach for constructing the eddy real-time internal structure using the gradient-dependent optimal interpolation (OI) method. Three eddy cases with different types and locations were selected to validate the construction results. The reliability of construction was evaluated by satellite observation, in-situ comparisons, and contrast with the numerical output. The results showed that the real-time geostrophic current characters were basically consistent with the surface and deep current (observed by satellite and acoustic doppler current profiler, ADCP). The density features exhibited by constructed results (eddy centers, mean radii, and variation tendency) were similar to the expendable conductivity-temperature-depth (XCTD) survey data and numerical output. Compared to the composite structure, the real-time structures represented more small or mesoscale fluctuations. During eddy cases evolution, the mean radii at the same depth first increased and then decreased. The horizontal scale, influence depth, and internal stability of an anticyclonic eddy with low-latitude were more powerful than the other two eddy cases owing to the domination of warm water in the Kuroshio extension region. The results indicated that the gradient-dependent OI was a hopeful technique for representing the real-time internal features during eddy evolution.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20620,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Oceanography","volume":"224 ","pages":"Article 103262"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140555433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Rio Grande Rise circulation: Dynamics of an internal tide conversion hotspot in the Southwestern Atlantic","authors":"Pedro W.M. Souza-Neto ,&nbsp;Ilson C.A. da Silveira ,&nbsp;Cesar B. Rocha ,&nbsp;Cauê Z. Lazaneo ,&nbsp;Paulo H.R. Calil","doi":"10.1016/j.pocean.2024.103264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2024.103264","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Rio Grande Rise (RGR) is a plateau located at 31°S in the Southwestern Atlantic, rising from 5916<!--> <!-->m up to 161<!--> <!-->m below the sea level. The RGR is an important site for future mining of Fe-Mn crusts and can lead to an expansion of Brazil’s Exclusive Economic Zone. The Cruzeiro do Sul Rift (CSR) fault cuts through the RGR from southeast to northwest. In this study we characterize the RGR circulation, showing that M2 tides are the main source of variability in the region, with an amplitude that can reach 0.3<!--> <!-->m<!--> <!-->s⁻¹, larger than the mean flow. These M2 tides are dominated by the baroclinic component and intensified near the bottom. The generation of M2 internal tides occurs mainly in the CSR slopes, with most energy converted from the barotropic tide being radiated away in the form of tidal beams. In addition, the impingement of the mean southern South Equatorial Current and tidal rectification generates anticyclonic circulations around the RGR peaks, with the latter mechanism being responsible for a bottom intensified anticyclonic circulation of 0.2<!--> <!-->m<!--> <!-->s⁻¹. Finally, our results reveal that the RGR is a hotspot of internal tide generation in the Southwestern Atlantic.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20620,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Oceanography","volume":"224 ","pages":"Article 103264"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140622200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential impacts of offshore wind energy development on physical processes and scallop larval dispersal over the US Northeast shelf","authors":"Changsheng Chen,&nbsp;Liuzhi Zhao,&nbsp;Huichan Lin,&nbsp;Pingguo He,&nbsp;Siqi Li,&nbsp;Zhongxiang Wu,&nbsp;Jianhua Qi,&nbsp;Qichun Xu,&nbsp;Kevin Stokesbury,&nbsp;Lu Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.pocean.2024.103263","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pocean.2024.103263","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study examines the potential impact of offshore wind energy facilities on the local and regional circulation, stratification, and scallop larval dispersal and settlement over the U.S. Northeast continental shelf. A coupled high-resolution (up to ∼ 1.0 m), wind turbine-resolving hydrodynamical (NS-FVCOM) and scallop individual-based (Scallop-IBM) model was employed. Comparisons were made for scenarios with and without wind turbine generators (WTGs), encompassing three-dimensional flow fields, water temperature, bottom stress/vertical mixing, scallop larval dispersal, settlement, and distributions. The interaction of M₂ tidal currents with monopiles generates significant horizontal flow shear on the downflow lee side. The fluid–structure interaction-induced mesoscale currents deviate substantially from the idealized flow fields examined typically in the device-scale laboratory or coarse-grid hydrodynamical models with subgrid-scale explicit parametrizations. Stratification induces noteworthy changes in the flow around individual monopiles throughout the water column, with the maximum bottom stress primarily oriented in the onshore-offshore direction and vertical eddy viscosity occurring around all directions of individual monopiles. The deployment of a WTG array amplifies offshore low-frequency subtidal flow around 40 to 50-m isobaths, forming mesoscale eddies over the shelf. This enhanced flow contributes to offshore water transport, redirecting scallop larvae toward the Nantucket Lightship Closed Area (NLCA). The accumulation of larvae in the NLCA is attributed to eddy-induced retention.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20620,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Oceanography","volume":"224 ","pages":"Article 103263"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140604288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vertical and latitudinal distribution of bottom-up and top-down controls of heterotrophic prokaryotes in the Red Sea","authors":"Eman I. Sabbagh ,&nbsp;Maria Ll. Calleja ,&nbsp;Tamara M. Huete-Stauffer ,&nbsp;Daniele Daffonchio ,&nbsp;Xosé Anxelu G. Morán","doi":"10.1016/j.pocean.2024.103260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2024.103260","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Heterotrophic prokaryotes (HPs) represent the largest fraction of living biomass in the ocean. Comprehensively understanding the spatio-temporal variability of their controlling factors remains a challenge in microbial oceanography, especially in little explored low latitude regions such as the Red Sea, one of the hottest and saltiest basins on Earth. In this study, we assessed the vertical (5–1000 m) and latitudinal (16°-27° N) variations in HPs and their bottom-up (resource availability) and top-down controls (protistan grazing and viral lysis) at eight stations along the Red Sea, in three cruises carried out between 2017 and 2019. The decrease in HPs abundances with depth was less pronounced than that of heterotrophic nanoflagellates (HNFs) and viruses. We found that inorganic nutrient and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations do not vary significantly from north to south, thus suggesting a similar bottom-up control on HPs abundances along the latitudinal gradient. We found significant southward increase in the HP:HNF ratio (<em>r</em> = 0.56, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.0001, <em>n</em> = 140), suggesting that HNFs have a lower impact on their HPs prey in the southern Red Sea. The preference of HNFs for larger HPs cells with depth was found only in the spring cruise. Viral abundances do not show any marked latitudinal gradient but show a significant positive relationship with HPs abundances in the water column in all seasons. The higher linear regression slope found in summer suggests that viruses are more important for HPs mortality in the warmer months. This study strengthens the importance of top-down controls in maintaining lower HPs stocks in the Red Sea and suggests that both latitudinal and seasonal variations have minor but measurable roles.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20620,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Oceanography","volume":"224 ","pages":"Article 103260"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140619397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seasonal ventilation controls nitrous oxide emission in the NW Iberian upwelling","authors":"Mercedes de la Paz ,&nbsp;Fiz F. Pérez ,&nbsp;Marta Álvarez ,&nbsp;Antonio Bode","doi":"10.1016/j.pocean.2024.103261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2024.103261","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Despite their small spatial extent, coastal upwelling systems are an important source of oceanic nitrous oxide (N₂O) to the atmosphere. To date, hot-spot N₂O emissions have been reported for low oxygen waters of the eastern boundary upwelling systems at their tropical latitudes, but there is a limited number of studies in their “oxygenated” temperate latitudes. This is the first study of the N₂O cycle in the NW Iberian Upwelling system, where we investigated the seasonality of the N₂O concentrations and their emissions to the atmosphere, along with the spatial differences in this coastal region in response to the upwelling. Monthly observations were collected from February 2017 to July 2018, in two hydrographic sections within the Ría of Vigo and Ría of A Coruña, two coastal embayments with contrasting response to the upwelling of the Eastern North Atlantic Central Water (ENACW) in the region. N₂O concentrations ranged between 8.56 to 12.53 nmol kg⁻¹ (94–121 % of saturation) in the shelf, and from 8.62 to 17.60 nmol kg⁻¹ (94–203 % of saturation) inside the rías, with the highest N₂O concentration at the bottom, which increase as the upwelling progress from April to October. The air-sea fluxes of N₂O varied between −1.6 to 3.26 µmol m⁻² d⁻¹ in the shelf and −1.53 to 7.00 µmol m⁻² d⁻¹ inside the rías. Local differences on the ventilation and remineralization pattern drives the seasonality of N₂O and differences between Ria of Vigo and Ria of A Coruña, being the higher values of N₂O concentrations and air-sea fluxes registered in the inner Ria of Vigo. Our study reports the N₂O emissions of an upwelling system in a temperate latitude, where the upwelling waters are central waters relatively well ventilated in terms of oxygen content, behaving as a moderate low net source of N₂O to the atmosphere compared to tropical upwelling latitudes, characterised by a lower oxygen content.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20620,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Oceanography","volume":"224 ","pages":"Article 103261"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0079661124000673/pdfft?md5=6f3af36957efae5b4b4219db7d2bf9c9&pid=1-s2.0-S0079661124000673-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140638312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Importance of microzooplankton for sustaining high mesozooplankton biomass during post-bloom period in the Oyashio region of the western subarctic Pacific","authors":"Mutsuo Ichinomiya ,&nbsp;Yuichiro Nishibe ,&nbsp;Yuji Okazaki ,&nbsp;Mitsuhide Sato ,&nbsp;Kazutaka Takahashi","doi":"10.1016/j.pocean.2024.103250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2024.103250","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We investigated the plankton community structure and biomass during the post-bloom season in the Oyashio region of the western subarctic Pacific, including pico-, nano-, microplankton and mesozooplankton. We found that the nitrate, phosphate and silicic acid concentrations remained high at &gt;4.2 μM, &gt;0.77 μM and &gt;7.1 μM, respectively, in the euphotic layer at almost all sampling stations, but that the chlorophyll <em>a</em> concentrations were low (&lt;3 µg Chl. <em>a</em> l⁻¹). These findings indicate high nutrient and low chlorophyll (HNLC)-like conditions. In the phytoplankton community, pennate diatoms, the larger subpopulation of pico-sized eukaryotic phytoplankton, and nano-flagellates substantially contributed to the low biomass of the chain-forming centric diatoms that mainly comprised the spring phytoplankton bloom. The microzooplankton biomass was 2.7–4.4 fold greater than the phytoplankton biomass in the surface layer. Naked ciliates substantially contributed to the microzooplankton community (40–87 %). The naked ciliate growth rates during our <em>in situ</em> bottle incubation experiments were significantly greater than the maximum growth rates as calculated from cell volume and water temperature. The mesozooplankton biomass was mainly composed of krill and copepods and was 5.9–9.3 fold higher than the microzooplankton biomass. This inverted biomass pyramid with relatively low microzooplankton and high mesozooplankton biomass may be explained by the high production and growth rates of the microzooplankton. The ratio of phytoplankton growth (<em>µ</em>, d⁻¹) to grazing mortality (<em>m</em>, d⁻¹) by microzooplankton were relatively low at 0.26–0.44 <em>m</em>/<em>µ</em> in our dilution experiments. These low values indicate that microzooplankton grazing does not regulate phytoplankton growth and suggests that microzooplankton feed on an alternative nutritional source, such as heterotrophic prey items, or mixotrophy to fulfill their growth needs. Additional research is needed during the post-bloom period to further evaluate the mechanisms that sustain microzooplankton dominance and production in the Oyashio region under the HNLC-like conditions, especially for naked ciliates.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20620,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Oceanography","volume":"224 ","pages":"Article 103250"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140548851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intraseasonal response of marine planktonic ecosystem to summertime Madden-Julian Oscillation in the South China Sea: A model study","authors":"Hengye Ren ,&nbsp;Wenfang Lu ,&nbsp;Wupeng Xiao ,&nbsp;Qing Zhu ,&nbsp;Canbo Xiao ,&nbsp;Zhigang Lai","doi":"10.1016/j.pocean.2024.103251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2024.103251","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In summer, the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) greatly influences the intraseasonal variability of the South China Sea (SCS). Previous studies have revealed MJO effects on surface chlorophyll (Chl) concentration, but the impact of the MJO on the ecosystem's structure and functionality remains unexplored. Here, we investigated the marine ecosystem response to the MJO by analyzing phytoplankton pigment data collected in cruises from 2010 to 2014. The results indicated the strong influence of the MJO on the structure of phytoplankton size classes (PSCs) in the upper 50 m of the SCS basin. To further explore the ecosystem's response to MJO, we utilized a well-calibrated physical-biogeochemical model (ROMS-CoSiNE) of the SCS to conduct numerical experiments with and without MJO forcings. Our model demonstrated that MJO-induced deep mixing and upwelling increased nutrients in the upper layer, increasing the Chl concentration with a higher proportion of nanophytoplankton (15 %) and a lower proportion of picophytoplankton (−20 %). Moreover, The MJO-forced model experiment exhibited a substantial enhancement in primary production (56 %) and export production (23 %), resulting in a notable decrease in the e-ratio. This reduction in the e-ratio cannot be attributed to changes in PSCs but can be explained by the time lag between primary and export production. This lag was prolonged by the physical processes of upwelling and mixing, which slows down the particle sinking. Our results emphasize the important role of MJO in regulating the ecosystem at intraseasonal scale, thus improving our comprehension of the nonsteady dynamics of ecosystems in the SCS.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20620,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Oceanography","volume":"224 ","pages":"Article 103251"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140545763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CO2 sink and source zones delimited by marine fronts in the Drake Passage","authors":"Lisandro A. Arbilla ,&nbsp;Laura A. Ruiz-Etcheverry ,&nbsp;Celeste López-Abbate ,&nbsp;Lucía C. Kahl","doi":"10.1016/j.pocean.2024.103246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2024.103246","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Net sea-air CO₂ fluxes (FCO₂) in the Drake Passage (DP) were studied at a climatological scale (1999–2019) using observations from the Surface Ocean CO₂ Atlas (SOCAT) database. Based on the monthly climatological position of the main circumpolar fronts of the DP (the Subantarctic Front (SAF), the Polar Front (PF) and the Southern Antarctic Circumpolar Current Front (SACCF)) and the thermal and nonthermal contributions to FCO₂, we present a regional subdivision into different regimes that provide new insights into the processes controlling these fluxes. Our results indicate that the region in the north of SAF (R1) behaves as an annual CO₂ sink (-1.3 ± 1.0 mmol m⁻² d⁻¹); this sink weakens between SAF-PF (R2) and PF-SACCF (R3) and the region south of SACCF (R4) acts as an annual CO₂ source (2.2 ± 3.3 mmol m⁻² d⁻¹). The annual mean CO₂ uptake in DP is 1.3 ± 15.5 Tg C yr^-1. Analysis of thermal (TE) and nonthermal (nonTE) effects on seasonal sea surface CO₂ partial pressure (pCO₂^sw) variability indicates that DP is mainly dominated by nonTE. Results emphasize that carbon fluxes are driven by mesoscale and submesoscale processes north of the PF and by the upwelling of Upper Circumpolar Deep Waters in the Antarctic boundary of the DP, while seasonal patterns are mostly modulated by local factors such as nutrient availability, biological activity and ice cover.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20620,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Oceanography","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 103246"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140347838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How uncertain and observable are marine ecosystem indicators in shelf seas?","authors":"Jozef Skákala ,&nbsp;David Ford ,&nbsp;Alison Fowler ,&nbsp;Dan Lea ,&nbsp;Matthew J. Martin ,&nbsp;Stefano Ciavatta","doi":"10.1016/j.pocean.2024.103249","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pocean.2024.103249","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Operational analysis and forecast products of shelf sea biogeochemistry often lack reliable information on uncertainty. This is problematic, as good quality uncertainty information is both requested by the product end-users and essential for data assimilation. To address this problem we developed a quality-assessed ensemble representation of many leading sources of uncertainty in a coupled marine physical-biogeochemical model of the North-West European Shelf. Based on these ensembles we have estimated the uncertainty of several marine ecosystem health indicators (MEHIs), acting as proxies for biological productivity, phytoplankton community structure, trophic fluxes, deoxygenation, acidification and carbon export. We have also evaluated how observable these MEHIs are from the most widely available observations of total chlorophyll (mostly from the surface), highlighting those MEHIs and locations that need to be better monitored. Our results show that the most uncertain and the least observable MEHI is the phytoplankton community composition, highlighting the value of its observations (and their assimilation) particularly in the UK regional waters. We demonstrate that daily operational estimates of the other MEHIs, produced by the Met Office, are fairly well constrained. We also quantify how much MEHI uncertainties are reduced when one substantially coarsens the MEHI spatial and temporal resolution, as in the global and/or climate applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20620,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Oceanography","volume":"224 ","pages":"Article 103249"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140402901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}