Aeolian Research最新文献

{"title":"Identifying dust-emitting geomorphic units in lower Mesopotamia and Kuwait using multi-high-resolution satellite and wind data","authors":"Jasem A. Albanai,&nbsp;David S.G. Thomas,&nbsp;Giles F.S. Wiggs","doi":"10.1016/j.aeolia.2026.101050","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aeolia.2026.101050","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The lower Mesopotamia and Kuwait exposed to human pressures and environmental changes and described as one of the main natural sources of dust worldwide, influencing nearby cities. The challenges of undertaking field studies in the region, due to access difficulty and source location uncertainty, have hindered identification of the specific geomorphic units that act as significant dust sources. The capability of high-resolution satellite data to pinpoint small-scale dust-emitting units now enables precise surface identification, which is crucial for understanding the spatial variability and controls on dust emissions. Launching Sentinel 2 A-B in 2015 and 2017 and Landsat 7–9 in 1999, 2013 and 2021 means the possibility of systematic high-resolution monitoring every 3–4 days at 10–15 <span><math><msup><mi>m</mi><mn>2</mn></msup></math></span> (pixel size), is now possible. This paper aims to identify dust-emitting units in lower Mesopotamia and Kuwait (2013−2023) within a regional context, based on a systematic analysis of I) MODISVIIRS data associated with wind data to identify the regional dust sources and dynamics, II) Sentinel-2Landsat 7–9 data to pinpoint the exact dust sources and their geomorphic units, and III) MODIS Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) to identify the relative magnitude of dust emission from each identified unit. The dominant dust-emitting geomorphic units, primarily located in southern Mesopotamia and along the northern coastline of Kuwait, include inland sabkhas and barchan sand dunes in Al-Batha, generating 62% (number of events = 446) of dust events, the intertidal zone of Subiya (11%, <em>n</em> = 76), coastal sabkhas and muddy flats in Bubiyan Island (10%, <em>n</em> = 68), the estuarine environment of Al-Faw (9%, <em>n</em> = 61). These units, many with crusted or moisture-affected surfaces, were previously generalized or overlooked in regional assessments. Seasonal trends indicate that dust emissions peak in June and July, driven by prevailing wind speeds exceeding 6.5 m/s and AOD values reaching up to 0.6. Collectively, these units cover approximately 2.5% (<span><math><mn>2743</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>k</mi><msup><mi>m</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mo>)</mo></math></span> of the total research region (111,042 <span><math><mi>K</mi><msup><mi>m</mi><mn>2</mn></msup></math></span>) and amounted to about 651 dust events over 11 years, offering a more refined and spatially explicit understanding of dust sources at high spatio-temporal resolution.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49246,"journal":{"name":"Aeolian Research","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 101050"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148185692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using non-combustible residual particles as a proxy for mineral dust deposition to estimate its contribution to light absorption in the 300-year Holtedahlfonna ice core","authors":"Johan Ström ,&nbsp;Jonas Svensson ,&nbsp;Emilie Beaudon ,&nbsp;Ilpo Marja-Aho ,&nbsp;Meri M. Ruppel","doi":"10.1016/j.aeolia.2025.101025","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aeolia.2025.101025","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Whereas residual light-absorbing particles remaining after combustion are taken as proxy for mineral dust, light-absorbing particles removed by combustion in the thermal-optical analysis are attributed to carbonaceous material. The latter is assumed to mainly be composed of black carbon. The temporal evolution of residual particles observed in a Svalbard ice core (Holtedahlfonna), covering the period 1700 to 1998, shows strong relations with the reanalyzed local temperature and wind data. This indicates possible local sources for the mineral dust proxy. The relative contribution to light attenuation caused by residual particles prior to 1875 is in the range 0.2 to 0.5. After 1875 the contribution is generally above 0.4 with a maximum of about 0.7 in the middle of the 20th century. The increasing fraction in the beginning of the 20th century is attributed to enhanced emission of local mineral dust due to increased local summertime wind speeds. The decrease in the relative contribution follows a lowering in the wind speed and a concurrent increase in the deposition of BC from about the 1970′s. Enhanced light attenuation in the red wavelength not explained by the MD and BC proxies remains a conundrum but show clear covariations with positive monthly mean summer temperatures above zero and non-sea salt K⁺ ions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49246,"journal":{"name":"Aeolian Research","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 101025"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145797806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrical charges play a role in the dust-lifting and deposition processes in cultivated peatlands","authors":"Charles Frenette-Vallières ,&nbsp;Jean Caron ,&nbsp;Nicholas Lefebvre ,&nbsp;Steeve Pepin ,&nbsp;Alain N. Rousseau","doi":"10.1016/j.aeolia.2025.101014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aeolia.2025.101014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Organic soils are often used to cultivate high-value field vegetables because of their high organic matter content and fertility. However, these productive soils are subject to many degradation processes that jeopardize their sustainability. In southern Quebec, wind erosion alone has been shown to provoke losses of peat depth ranging from 1 to 4 cm every year. Organic soils are known to be very erodible when compared to mineral soils, partly due to their low density and lack of structure. Understanding the physical erosive mechanisms is important as the degradation of cultivated histosols is a major concern worldwide. The physical mechanisms of wind erosion are well documented in general, with saltation, creep and suspension being the main processes. Yet, recent field works over cultivated peatlands in southern Quebec revealed the presence of high concentrations of aerosols above the surface even under quiescent wind conditions. Since the traditional wind erosion models could not explain this phenomenon, this study aims to explore potential explanations of such observations. The role of electrical charges was considered in this paper as a potential dust-lifting force. We introduce a series of laboratory experiments performed on organic soil samples that revealed a significant increase in suspended organic soil particles (i.e., soil losses) through the presence of electrical charges. This could explain the presence of aerosols observed above organic soil fields, which highlights the necessity to further investigate the role of electrical charges in wind erosion processes of organic soils.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49246,"journal":{"name":"Aeolian Research","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 101014"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145694591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Linking atmospheric circulation and Aeolian activity: The April 2025 dust storm in the Middle East","authors":"Farahnaz Fazel-Rastgar,&nbsp;S.H. Mthembu","doi":"10.1016/j.aeolia.2026.101035","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aeolia.2026.101035","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the atmospheric dynamics and large-scale weather patterns behind the severe dust storm on April 14, 2025, which affected southeastern Iraq, Kuwait, and southwestern Iran. Using composite meteorological data, reanalysis datasets, and satellite observations, we identified a deep, cold-core cut-off low (COL) over the Eastern Mediterranean. This upper-level disturbance intensified and displaced the subtropical jet stream, enhancing upper-level divergence and atmospheric instability. These conditions promoted the development of a strong surface cyclone along the Persian trough, a key low-pressure zone in the Middle East. Interaction between the COL and the surface trough generated a strong meridional pressure gradient, producing a sharp, fast-moving cold front with steep temperature gradients and surface wind gusts exceeding 16  m/s. Near the tropopause, pronounced temperature and wind anomalies indicated strong baroclinicity and vertical momentum transfer, further increasing surface winds essential for dust uplift. The combination of these synoptic-scale features, dry soil, and turbulent boundary-layer mixing created ideal conditions for lifting and transporting large amounts of dust. Dust RGB satellite imagery revealed a large, comma-shaped dust plume across the region. This event highlights the crucial role of cold fronts, upper-level jet dynamics, and COL–surface interactions in triggering extreme dust storms in the arid Middle East. Understanding these atmospheric processes is essential for improving prediction and mitigating the environmental, health, and economic impacts of future dust events.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49246,"journal":{"name":"Aeolian Research","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 101035"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146077631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An updated Irwin sensor for measurement of surface shear velocity","authors":"Nancy P. Ziegler ,&nbsp;Nicholas P. Webb ,&nbsp;Brandon L. Edwards ,&nbsp;George Nikolich ,&nbsp;John A. Gillies ,&nbsp;Sahil G. Patel ,&nbsp;Brandi Wheeler ,&nbsp;Pei Zhang ,&nbsp;Justin W. Van Zee ,&nbsp;Sandra L. LeGrand ,&nbsp;Andrew C. Trautz","doi":"10.1016/j.aeolia.2025.101024","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aeolia.2025.101024","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate and efficient collection of field data related to aeolian processes is critical for improving wind erosion predictions and related management decisions. The Irwin sensor (<span><span>Irwin, 1981</span></span>) has been used in numerous wind tunnel and field studies to indicate surface shear velocity. However, the sensitivity of the sensor makes them difficult to maintain in a range of environmental conditions (e.g., moisture/high sand flux). This study presents a new generation of Irwin sensor incorporating updated electronics, battery operation, wireless data transmission, and streamlined field deployment and removal. A total of 20 sensors were manufactured and calibrated in a wind tunnel at the Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC). A subset of the sensors was calibrated using a PI-SWERL, which confirmed the two calibration methods converge on similar values for flat smooth test surfaces. The updated sensors were installed around a mesquite shrub at the Jornada Experimental Range, New Mexico, USA from February to July 2023. We found that initial data from the sensors accurately captured spatial patterns of surface shear velocity surrounding the shrub. The improvements to the sensor reduced workload for both deployment and maintenance, and reduced disturbance at the field site. We discuss potential opportunities to use the improved sensor network in a range of geomorphological research areas including quantifying aeolian sediment transport, building and parameterizing wind erosion models that incorporate spatial dependencies, and improving predictive tools for landform change.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49246,"journal":{"name":"Aeolian Research","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 101024"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145749777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of topographic barriers on dune height disparity: A quantitative assessment using digital terrain data from three dispersed deserts","authors":"Ma Xuan,&nbsp;Niu Zhenmin,&nbsp;Wu Xiaolan,&nbsp;He Guojun,&nbsp;Su Xianbao","doi":"10.1016/j.aeolia.2026.101036","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aeolia.2026.101036","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Relative height is a key landform indicator of dunes, and topographic barriers exert a significant effect on it; however, the quantitative assessment of the topographic barrier effect remains to be improved. Three discrete deserts were selected as the study areas. Landform indicators, including relative dune height, transverse distance, longitudinal distance, and mountain ridge height, were calculated using digital terrain data. Results show that: (1)Topographic barriers control the maximum relative dune height; (2)Mountain ridge height and maximum relative dune height exhibit a linear relationship, with a slope of approximately 0.93 in the Matartag area. There exists an effective range of mountain ridge height that influences dune development. The relationship between transverse distance and maximum relative dune height conforms to the form of a normal distribution density function. When dunes are fully developed, the relationship between longitudinal distance and maximum relative dune height follows a negative exponential function; when dunes are underdeveloped, their relationship conforms to a Burr distribution. The influences of various factors on relative dune height can be summarized as the mountain height effect, transverse distance effect, and longitudinal distance effect; (3)The impact area of topographic barriers on dune height can be delineated using relative dune height as a threshold (&gt;37 m in the Matartag area), and the impact boundary is a function of transverse distance and mountain ridge height. This study enable the quantitative assessment of the magnitude and extent of the topographic barrier effect, and can also be applied to the quantitative attribution of dunes with complex origins.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49246,"journal":{"name":"Aeolian Research","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 101036"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147395451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Sand AbrasioN Device for Aeolian Research (SANDAR): A new experimental device for investigating how wind transport affects sand on Earth and Mars","authors":"Anna E. Baker ,&nbsp;Devon M. Burr ,&nbsp;Rachel L. Fry ,&nbsp;Joshua P. Emery ,&nbsp;Mark J. Loeffler","doi":"10.1016/j.aeolia.2025.101027","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aeolia.2025.101027","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>On Earth and Mars, aeolian transport causes sand grains to become abraded, resulting in mineralogic and textural changes. Understanding how sands evolve, or mature, with transport via experimental studies is important for understanding the origins, geologic history, and cycling of sediments, as well as dust production. Previous experimental works have used a variety of methods to simulate aeolian transport in the laboratory, but practical limitations and similitude concerns have limited such research. Here, we present and validate the Sand AbrasioN Device for Aeolian Research (SANDAR), a modified air mill that uses pressurized air to circulate sand around a small abrasion chamber, simulating the effects of aeolian transport. This device is re-circulating to simulate long-distance transport, and it allows for repeated analyses of well-constrained sediment samples, revealing their evolution over time. It is compatible with the grain sizes (74–500 μm) and grain impact velocities (∼0.6–3.7 m/s) typically expected for natural aeolian environments, and is also adaptable for diverse applications simulating different wind conditions. We show that the SANDAR achieves similitude of kinetic energy with respect to saltating sand on both Earth and Mars. SEM and optical microscope imaging reveal that the SANDAR produces microtextures on the surfaces of sand grains similar to those found with natural aeolian transport, demonstrating that it effectively simulates the mechanical effects of aeolian processes. Thus, the SANDAR is a valid tool for use in experimental research to improve our understanding of sedimentary processes across the Solar System.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49246,"journal":{"name":"Aeolian Research","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 101027"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145925620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Ibex dune field of Death Valley National Park, California: Characterization and assessment for Use as a Martian analog","authors":"Jordan M. Bretzfelder ,&nbsp;Mackenzie Day ,&nbsp;Marina O. Argueta ,&nbsp;Michael R. Zanetti ,&nbsp;James R. Zimbelman ,&nbsp;BreeAnn Getman ,&nbsp;Jacob Widmer ,&nbsp;Seulgi Moon ,&nbsp;Kyle Miller ,&nbsp;Christopher Whetsel","doi":"10.1016/j.aeolia.2026.101032","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aeolia.2026.101032","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Earth analogs have become increasingly valuable in efforts to expand our understanding of aeolian (wind-driven) activity dominating the surface of modern-day Mars. These sites enable in-situ access for researchers and equipment, and facilitate investigations that are beyond the scope of the landed Mars missions. As the climate on modern Mars is extremely arid and devoid of vegetation, analog environments on Earth are often in remote and inhospitable environments (i.e., the Argentinian Puna and Antarctic Dry Valleys), which can make research at the sites logistically and physically challenging. However, within Death Valley National Park, which is comparably very accessible, and is the driest place in North America, lies the under-studied Ibex Dune field. This area hosts a variety of bedforms of different scales in close proximity, comparable to many areas on the Martian surface, and thus presents a novel morphologic analog for the poorly understood decimeter – meter scale bedforms on Mars, including: transverse aeolian ridges, large Martian ripples, and megaripples. Here, we discuss the dynamic Ibex Dune Field system, specifically: (1) bedform morphologies and migration patterns within the site, (2) the sand mineralogy and possible provenance, (2) the dune field age and evolution, (3) current wind patterns at the site, (4) applicability to Mars, and (5) the limitations of such an analog system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49246,"journal":{"name":"Aeolian Research","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 101032"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145976831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bidirectional aeolian erosion controls the spatial variations of yardang landforms in Dunhuang yardang National Geopark, Northwestern China","authors":"Yongchong Lin ,&nbsp;Chunyao Wu ,&nbsp;Guijin Mu ,&nbsp;Jifeng Zhang ,&nbsp;Cong Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.aeolia.2025.101028","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aeolia.2025.101028","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Yardang fields in arid environments typically exhibit morphological consistency under unidirectional winds. However, the yardangs in Dunhuang Yardang National Geopark in NW China display striking spatial variations—a decades-long paradox unresolved by existing fluvial or aeolian erosion models. To resolve this paradox, we integrated geomorphic mapping, GIS morphometrics (1,000 + yardangs across 5 sub-areas), analysis of micro-erosion features, and regional wind-field validation. Our results demonstrate the aeolian origin of southern yardangs through diagnostic east–west linear textures and echo dunes, refuting dominant fluvial hypotheses. Critically, R-value (length-to-width ratio) gradients decrease southward (from 4.7 to 1.6) and also westward (from 3.1 to 1.6), reaching minima in the central transition zone under synergistic intensification by northerly and easterly winds. Uniform lithology, negligible topography, as confirmed by DEM data, and precipitation patterns exclude non-aeolian controls. Hence, we propose a bidirectional aeolian erosion gradient model: primary winds shape yardang elongation while secondary crosswinds drive fragmentation along spatial vectors. This mechanism, validated against analogues in the Qaidam Basin, advances our understanding of yardang evolution in multidirectional wind regimes. By establishing bidirectional wind erosion as the key driver, our study explains the exceptional morphological diversity of the Dunhuang Geopark, providing the scientific foundation for its unique geotourism appeal.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49246,"journal":{"name":"Aeolian Research","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 101028"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145840372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine learning-based variable importance analysis of soil factors influencing wind erodibility and threshold wind velocity in Central Iran","authors":"Nilofar Vakili ,&nbsp;Shuai Zhao ,&nbsp;Shamsollah Ayoubi ,&nbsp;Ana Maria Tarquis Alfonso","doi":"10.1016/j.aeolia.2025.101026","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aeolia.2025.101026","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Wind erosion is a major driver of land degradation in arid and semi-arid regions, posing significant threats to soil fertility, ecosystem health, and agricultural productivity. This study aimed to identify the most influential soil properties governing wind erodibility and threshold wind velocity in Central Iran, using a combination of wind tunnel experiments, statistical analyses, and machine learning models. Forty surface soil samples were collected and characterized for physical and chemical attributes, including texture, organic matter, gypsum, EC, sodium absorption ratio (SAR), and mean weight diameter (MWD). Wind erosion parameters were quantified through controlled wind tunnel simulations. Multiple linear regression (MLR) and Random Forest (RF) models were developed to predict sediment yield and threshold Wind velocity. Results revealed that gypsum content, SAR, EC, and MWD were dominant in explaining sediment yield, while clay content, CaCO₃, and shear strength significantly influenced the threshold wind velocity. RF outperformed MLR for threshold velocity prediction (R² = 0.83), whereas MLR provided higher accuracy for sediment yield estimation (R² = 0.81). These findings demonstrate the potential of machine learning in modeling complex soil–wind interactions and provide valuable insights for targeted soil conservation strategies in vulnerable landscapes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49246,"journal":{"name":"Aeolian Research","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 101026"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145797805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}