Aeolian Research最新文献

{"title":"Quantifying vegetation and its effect on aeolian sediment transport: A UAS investigation on longitudinal dunes","authors":"Samuel Shumack ,&nbsp;Will Farebrother ,&nbsp;Paul Hesse","doi":"10.1016/j.aeolia.2021.100768","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aeolia.2021.100768","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Studying the role of vegetation in regulating aeolian sediment transport is complicated by the diversity of plant geometry and spatial distribution. Using Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) surveys of four partially vegetated sand dunes in the Simpson Desert, this study explored statistical associations between vegetation and the location and quantity of aeolian ripples. Employing mosaic image classifications, Digital Surface Models (DSM), and Canopy Height Models (CHM), four core independent metrics were computed: The fractional cover (<em>f_c</em>); frontal area index (λ), mean gap length (<em>L</em>), and shadow casting or Shadow Area Ratio (SAR). The strongest predictor of aeolian ripple abundance was the mean scaled gap length (individually scaled by the lesser of an adjacent plant’s width or height) (<span><math><mrow><mover><msub><mi>L</mi><mrow><mi>sf</mi></mrow></msub><mo>-</mo></mover></mrow></math></span>) (R² = 0.83). <span><math><mrow><mover><msub><mi>L</mi><mrow><mi>sf</mi></mrow></msub><mo>-</mo></mover></mrow></math></span> (and <span><math><mrow><mover><msub><mi>L</mi><mi>h</mi></msub><mo>-</mo></mover></mrow></math></span>, which only used plant height) effectively resolved the spatial and structural distribution of vegetation, which was partially governed by the composition of functional plant types. <em>f_c</em> was also strongly associated with ripple abundance (R² = 0.81). Ripple cover varied continuously with <em>f</em>_c without a clear threshold for the onset of sand transport, though the curve flattened above <em>f</em>_c ≈ 25–30%. Moderate associations were found for SAR (R² ≤ 0.57) and λ (R² = 0.63). Shadow lengths (in units of plant height) of 1–3 best explained the location of ripples. The efficacy of shadow casting was affected by the signal to noise ratio in the DSMs at the scale of very small plants. UAS data nevertheless displayed strong potential for advancing the study of vegetation and aeolian activity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49246,"journal":{"name":"Aeolian Research","volume":"54 ","pages":"Article 100768"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42056739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sediment transport characteristics above a gobi surface in northwestern China, and implications for aeolian environments","authors":"Zhengcai Zhang ,&nbsp;Lanying Han ,&nbsp;Kaijia Pan","doi":"10.1016/j.aeolia.2021.100745","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aeolia.2021.100745","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Gobis (gravel deserts) cover large areas in northwestern China and other parts of the world, but sediment transport above gobi surfaces has not been widely investigated; thus, there is insufficient empirical data to support dust source identification. In the present study, we used the LDDSEG vertically segmented sediment sampler to collect sediment transport data above a gobi surface. The results demonstrated that the sediment transport rate above the gobi surface was larger than that above a sandy surface, with rates as high as 9.7 kg m^-1h⁻¹. The transport flux can be expressed as a Gaussian peak function, with the maximum sediment transport at 0.05 to 0.09 m above the surface. Principal-components analysis (PCA) indicated that the mean grain size of the transported sediment was controlled mainly by the content of silt and clay (&lt;63 μm) and fine sand (125 to 250 μm); this explains the inflection height for sediment transport. PCA also indicated that dry lacustrine deposits were the main sediment source in the study region. About 90% of the cumulative sediment transport occurs at a height below 0.65 m. Our results indicate that sediment transported over a gobi surface has higher trajectories and longer distances than above a sandy surface. The larger silt and clay component (about 30%) of the sediment transported over the gobi surface means that gobi surfaces are important dust sources in northern China, although the dust likely originated from dry lacustrine sites upwind of the study site.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49246,"journal":{"name":"Aeolian Research","volume":"53 ","pages":"Article 100745"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48338447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of modified and petroleum -impregnated bentonite mulch as an eco-friendly stabilizer of wind erodible sands","authors":"Pari Asadi ,&nbsp;Ahmad Heidari ,&nbsp;Ebrahim Alaie ,&nbsp;Ravi Naidu ,&nbsp;Hossein Asadi ,&nbsp;Shahla Mahmoodi","doi":"10.1016/j.aeolia.2021.100749","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aeolia.2021.100749","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study aimed to develop a method for the management of petroleum pollutants released into the environment using modified bentonite and to evaluate the use of petroleum-impregnated modified bentonite, as an eco-friendly and resistant mulch to stabilize mobile sands exposed to wind erosion. Bentonite was modified using hexa-decyl-tri-methyl-ammonium bromide to increase its capacity for petroleum adsorption. The resistivity to breakdown of the produced mulch was determined against wind, runoff, and by drainage water caused by simulated rainfall. Results showed that the basal spacing of the modified bentonite increased 162% compared to unmodified bentonite and it was able to adsorb petroleum, 5 times its base weight. The produced mulch was resistant against wind flows up to 16.7 m s⁻¹ with no soil loss during 5 min, while the untreated sandy soil started to move at a threshold speed of 10.3 m s⁻¹ (with a soil loss rate of 53 g m⁻² s⁻¹) and the tray of soil was fully eroded after 135 s. Analysis of the drainage waters which passed through the mulch showed that mulch 2 (ratio 5:1, sandy soil: modified clay + unmodified clay (1:1) mixed by petroleum) retained more polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons compounds, compared to mulches 1 (ratio of 5:1 sandy soil: unmodified bentonite mixed with petroleum) and 3 (ratio 5:1:0.5, sandy soil: unmodified clay: modified clay mixed by petroleum). Analysis of the runoff water samples also showed that PAHs retention in mulch 2 is significantly higher than the amounts retained by mulches 1 and 3.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49246,"journal":{"name":"Aeolian Research","volume":"53 ","pages":"Article 100749"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43645528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dune bistability identified by remote sensing in a semi-arid dune field of northern China","authors":"Yongxin Chen ,&nbsp;Hezi Yizhaq ,&nbsp;Joseph A. Mason ,&nbsp;Xueliang Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhiwei Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.aeolia.2021.100751","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aeolia.2021.100751","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Sand dunes could have bistable states based on the observation that bare dunes and vegetation-stabilized dunes can coexist in the same area under the same environmental conditions. So far, more quantitative evidence on such an interesting phenomenon has remained elusive. In this study, the vegetation coverage and spatial distribution of dunes in the semi-arid Mu Us dune field, north-central China, were investigated by different remote sensing indices derived from the Landsat images using the Google Earth Engine platform, and the results were verified using the aerial images. Frequency distribution of vegetation coverage in many sub-regions (5 km × 5 km) across the dune field clearly shows two dominant peaks, one around 5% and the other around 40%, representing active and stabilized dune states, respectively. The boundaries between the patches of these two states are sharp, and have hardly shifted during the last twenty years. Such coexistence of bistable states is mostly distributed across a precipitation gradient from 200 to 400 mm in the study area. The relative portion of active dunes in total is reduced with increasing precipitation, while the dominant peaks of vegetation coverage for two dune states remain largely unchanged. All these lines of evidence are in accordance with the theory of alternative stable states and model predictions. Because the reversal would be difficult once the dunes shifted into an undesired state from the standpoint of environmental management, detecting and monitoring these transitions, which are often abrupt, is important for better process-based understanding of the mechanisms involved and anticipating future transitions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49246,"journal":{"name":"Aeolian Research","volume":"53 ","pages":"Article 100751"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46743052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Property values as affected by loess thickness and texture","authors":"B.L. Becker ,&nbsp;A.J. Bryce ,&nbsp;R.J. Schaetzl","doi":"10.1016/j.aeolia.2021.100741","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aeolia.2021.100741","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We tested the longstanding (but untested) premise that loess cover (thickness and texture) positively impact the value of land parcels. To do this, we visited 1178 upland sites across 12 counties in Wisconsin with a mix of land uses; each site was underlain by loess of varying thickness. We sampled the loess at each site with a 195-cm long hand auger, and measured its thickness. The per-acre value of each parcel was then determined, where possible, using an online website. Parcels that contained buildings and structures, those whose per-acre values were not listed on the web site, and sites for which we lacked accurate thickness data (because the loess was &gt; 195 cm thick) were eliminated from the dataset, resulting in a final count of 461 sites for analysis. The data, compared statistically using simple linear and logarithmic regressions, indicate that land values are highest on sites with thicker and siltier loess. This conclusion is in agreement with observations made on the ground while sampling. The strongest correlation (R² = 0.268; P-value &lt;0.001) with land value occurred on a composite variable, developed to mimic the total mass of fine and medium silt in a 1 cm² column of loess from the soil surface to the bottom of the loess, indicating that the most prized land in the study area occurs on sites with the thickest and the most “fine-silty” loess.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49246,"journal":{"name":"Aeolian Research","volume":"53 ","pages":"Article 100741"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43695887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Limitations of applying grain weight similitude in aeolian studies with NASA Mars Wind Tunnel","authors":"J. Marshall ,&nbsp;L.K. Fenton ,&nbsp;J.J.B. Harlow","doi":"10.1016/j.aeolia.2021.100732","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aeolia.2021.100732","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Mars Surface Wind Tunnel at NASA Ames Research Center is used to simulate windblown (aeolian) movement of sand and dust on the martian surface. Because objects weigh less on Mars, the tunnel employs lighter sand in the form of crushed walnut shell to compensate for Earth’s higher gravity. The tunnel is thus operated on the principle of ‘grain-weight similitude’. This approach enables successful replication of transport thresholds but it leads to major discrepancies for other aspects of grain behavior.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49246,"journal":{"name":"Aeolian Research","volume":"53 ","pages":"Article 100732"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.aeolia.2021.100732","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43868531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the PM10 emission potential of sandy, dryland soils in South Africa using the PI-SWERL","authors":"Heleen C. Vos ,&nbsp;Wolfgang Fister ,&nbsp;Johanna R. von Holdt ,&nbsp;Frank D. Eckardt ,&nbsp;Anthony R. Palmer ,&nbsp;Nikolaus J. Kuhn","doi":"10.1016/j.aeolia.2021.100747","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aeolia.2021.100747","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Free State has been identified as the region with the most dust sources in South Africa. These dust sources can be linked with the large, heavily cultivated cropland areas in this province, which leaves fields vulnerable to wind erosion after the harvest in the winter. For this study, the focus was on the factors that influence the emission from bare, flat surfaces on agricultural lands in this region. The Portable In-Situ Wind Erosion Laboratory (PI-SWERL) was used to measure the emission flux from adjacent crusted and loose surfaces, which was combined with shear strength, moisture, and soil texture measurements. Boosted regression tree (BRT) analyses were used to identify the variable with the highest relevance on the emission flux.</p><p>On the whole dataset, that the shear strength is the most important variable that controls the emission. This is reflected in the significantly lower emission from the crusted surfaces (0.49 mg m⁻² s⁻¹) compared to that of loose surfaces (2.34 mg m⁻² s⁻¹). However, for crusted surfaces, the presence of abraders appeared to be the most significant factor in emission, showing a power relationship between the abrader count and the emission flux (R² = 0.76). In the case of the loose surfaces, the presence of clay and silt was a major influence in emissivity, with a linear relationship between the two variables (R² = 0.68). This difference in factors depending on the agricultural disturbance, asks for a more holistic approach when predicting emission from such arid cropland areas.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49246,"journal":{"name":"Aeolian Research","volume":"53 ","pages":"Article 100747"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1875963721000847/pdfft?md5=d214c350819f47b5bd1ccda3406d2277&pid=1-s2.0-S1875963721000847-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49397979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Loess and its derivatives in a common sedimentary and geomorphic evolution of the East European Plain","authors":"Andrei Matoshko","doi":"10.1016/j.aeolia.2021.100750","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aeolia.2021.100750","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>This paper discussed the loesses of the East European loess province and their geological context through the prism of a rich research heritage and new data on their primary litho-facial features, distribution, sedimentary architecture and specific landforms<span><span>. This allows determining Loess Formation including facies of proper aeolian loess and loess-derivatives: loess-like slopewash and loess-like balka alluvium. The permanent factor of loess deposition is considered to be the fallout of globally transported dust. It lasted from the Early Pleistocene to the Holocene inclusive. It was slow and uniform, with some periods of high (Last Glacial) and slackened (interglacial epochs) rates. Wind scouring of bare loose deposits in river valley bottoms and coastal bluffs as well as </span>glacial deposits provided neighbor loess deposition during short spans at the end of the Middle and </span></span>Late Pleistocene<span> continental glaciations. Loess-derivative slopewash and balka alluvium deposited during periods of heavy rainfall or intense snow melting as a result of sheet erosion. Both main processes resulted in: aggradation of the East European Plain; burial or smoothing of previous negative landforms and creation of new positive ones (loess “waves”, ridges, long gentle slopes, slopewash fans and aprons). The aggradation as well as physical and mechanical properties of loess favored sagging with origin of local depressions, intensified rill-gully and balka erosion and coastal abrasion. During the consideration of loess-paleosol stratigraphy, doubts are expressed about the correctness of long-range correlations of the loess derivatives sequences or loess belonging to riverside areas due to different depositional dynamics.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":49246,"journal":{"name":"Aeolian Research","volume":"53 ","pages":"Article 100750"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46906256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Luminescence geochronology and paleoenvironmental implications of coastal red dune sands of northeast Hainan Island, China","authors":"Fei Zheng ,&nbsp;Zhizhong Li ,&nbsp;Jianhui Jin ,&nbsp;Wenjing Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhixing Li ,&nbsp;Xiaoling Xu ,&nbsp;Yan Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.aeolia.2021.100744","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aeolia.2021.100744","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>The study of the chronology of the red dune sands in tropical coastal areas of China, and the environmental significance thereof, is a weak link in studies of Quaternary geology. Therefore, in this study, optically stimulated</span> <span><span>luminescence (OSL) dating was carried out on two red dune sand profiles (YRS and PQR2) from Wenchang coast in the north-eastern area of Hainan Island. The results showed that the periods of red dune sands accumulation during Marine Isotope Stages </span>MIS<span> 5 and 3 with interglacial period and associated high sea-level stands, probably occurred by similar to, or more humid than, present conditions. The red dune sands in southern of China are controlled by global background factors such as insolation, the East Asian monsoon, and sea level changes on the million-year scale.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":49246,"journal":{"name":"Aeolian Research","volume":"53 ","pages":"Article 100744"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42919875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wind regime and aeolian sand transport in Khuzestan Sand Sea","authors":"H.R. Abbasi ,&nbsp;C. Opp ,&nbsp;M. Groll ,&nbsp;A. Gohardoust ,&nbsp;H. Rouhipour","doi":"10.1016/j.aeolia.2021.100746","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aeolia.2021.100746","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Khuzestan Sand Sea extends from the Wasit and Maysan provinces in Iraq (22%) to the Ilam (10%) and Khuzestan (68%) provinces in Iran. In order to determine wind regimes and sand transport characteristics, hourly wind data records from 21 meteorological stations for the period 2000–2016 were analyzed using aeolian-sediment transport methods. The analysis of the wind energy based on drift potential (DP) revealed rather large spatial variations in the Khuzestan Sand Sea. The Iraqi part of the desert, as well as the southern regions of the Ilam province and the western edge of the Khuzestan province were characterized by particularly high wind energy (DP greater than 400), while towards the central area of the Khuzestan Sand Sea near Ahvaz city a sharp decrease to DP less than 200 was detected. In the southern and southeastern parts of the Khuzestan Province, the wind energy increased again and the DP reached more than 200 vector units. The temporal analysis of the DP showed no considerable temporal trends between 2000 and 2014 in this study area. The dune morphology analysis revealed a bimodal wind regime, which was also supported by the dominance of sand sheets and transverse dunes. Additionally, the local topography has an important influence on the formation of topographic dunes in the southeastern parts of the Sand Sea.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49246,"journal":{"name":"Aeolian Research","volume":"53 ","pages":"Article 100746"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.aeolia.2021.100746","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49577277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}