Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology最新文献

{"title":"Vegetation and climate record across the Carnian Pluvial episode from the Transdanubian Range, Hungary, Western Tethys","authors":"Viktória Baranyi ,&nbsp;Tamás Budai ,&nbsp;Viktor Karádi ,&nbsp;Xin Jin ,&nbsp;Wolfram M. Kürschner ,&nbsp;Emőke Tóth","doi":"10.1016/j.palaeo.2025.112989","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.palaeo.2025.112989","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Carnian Pluvial Episode (CPE) is one of the most extensively studied Triassic hyperthermal events that triggered biological turnovers both on land and in the marine realm. From a palynological perspective, the CPE is marked by a notable increase in the hygrophytic spore-pollen assemblages compared to the early Late Triassic. In the Transdanubian Range (Western Hungary), Carnian mixed clastic‑carbonate successions indicate a relatively wetter climate and elevated terrestrial input into the basins during the CPE. The quantitative and qualitative palynological data from three borehole successions provided insight into the Julian and early Tuvalian vegetation history of the study area. The new palynostratigraphical data refined the age constraints of the CPE deposits spanning from the late Julian to early Tuvalian correlated to the <em>Duplicisporites continuus</em> zone from the Alpine Realm. Palynological marker taxa characteristic for the middle to late Tuvalian were absent, confirming that the well-documented hiatus between the CPE deposits and the Main Dolomite extends over large parts of the Tuvalian. A complex interplay between regional and global processes influenced the palynological assemblages that responded to both eustatic sea-level changes and climatic fluctuations. The climate change in the Julian 2 was not uniform and seemingly expressed in the palynofloras of the Transdanubian Range with a delay due to transgression, as the palynological assemblage were still predominantly characterized by xerophytic conifer pollen in the pelagic depositional site in the early CPE phase, and even they might point to highly seasonal climate at the onset of the event inferred from the proliferation of the <em>Enzonalasporites</em> group. Hygrophytic vegetation elements such as spores and cycad-bennettite pollen peaked only in the late Julian 2. Variations in the relative abundance of spores, cycad-bennettite pollen and marine palynomorphs showed the combined effects of local sea-level changes and humid climatic episodes in controlling terrestrial influx from the latest Julian 2–Tuvalian onwards. The palynofloras point to aridification from later in the early Tuvalian, indicating the waning of the pluvial phase.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19928,"journal":{"name":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology","volume":"671 ","pages":"Article 112989"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143899593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increase of organic carbon burial promoted the glacial decrease of atmospheric CO2: A case study from the Bengal-Indus fans","authors":"Bin Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhaokai Xu ,&nbsp;Zhaojie Yu ,&nbsp;Yifei Yang ,&nbsp;Shiming Wan","doi":"10.1016/j.palaeo.2025.112986","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.palaeo.2025.112986","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Elucidating the burial mechanism of organic carbon (OC) in the Bengal-Indus Fans, the principal sink for weathering and erosion products from the Himalayas, is essential for deciphering the global carbon cycle and climate change. This study investigates the quantitative source-to-sink processes and controlling mechanisms of OC burial throughout Quaternary glacial-interglacial cycles using organic carbon isotope, total organic carbon content, mass accumulation rate, and a three-endmember mixing model to partition contributions from terrigenous C₃/C₄ plants and marine phytoplankton. The results indicate a significantly higher contribution of OC burial from C₄ plants during glacial periods, while C₃ and marine sources show opposing trends. Mass accumulation rates of terrigenous and marine OC increase during glacial periods and decrease during interglacials. Orbital variations in OC burial flux in the Bengal-Indus Fans are primarily influenced by glacial erosion of the Himalayas and monsoonal precipitation. Glacial erosion regulates the transport of terrigenous OC and nutrients to the ocean, thereby affecting marine primary productivity. Simultaneously, monsoonal precipitation influences plant composition in terrigenous regions and modulates the preservation efficiency of OC. Our calculations indicate that during glacial periods, the OC burial flux reached 0.8 × 10¹² mol/year. Assuming a total atmospheric CO₂ decline of ∼80 ppmv during glacials, this burial flux contributed approximately 5 % (∼4 ppmv) to the CO₂ drawdown, with marine OC accounting for 41–45 % of the total. These findings highlight the significant role of OC burial in the Bengal-Indus Fans in atmospheric CO₂ sequestration, thus contributing to global cooling during glacial periods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19928,"journal":{"name":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology","volume":"671 ","pages":"Article 112986"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143892308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unlocking paleolatitudinal secrets of the early Cretaceous by rare earth element imprints: Implications for seawater chemistry, depositional environments, and paleoclimate in the Talhar Shale, Lower Indus Basin, Pakistan","authors":"Rizwan Sarwar Awan ,&nbsp;Bo Liu ,&nbsp;Hongxia Li ,&nbsp;Sajjad Ali ,&nbsp;Muhammad Amar Gul ,&nbsp;Lingsheng Zhao ,&nbsp;Ashar Khan","doi":"10.1016/j.palaeo.2025.112985","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.palaeo.2025.112985","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The early Cretaceous in Pakistan facilitated the deposition of extensive shale deposits, notably the thick (∼70 m) Talhar Shale, which is widespread across the Lower Indus Basin (LIB) and is considered a significant hydrocarbon source with rich hydrocarbon potential. Despite its petroleum significance, the original seawater signatures of the Gondwana domain in the LIB remain underexplored. This research aims to fill this gap by using total organic carbon content and elemental geochemistry to present novel geochemical signatures that elucidate the paleodepositional history, sedimentary origin, paleoclimate, and tectonic framework of the Talhar Shale. Our results show moderately higher organic richness (average 1.81 wt. %), with total rare earth elements (ΣREE) averaging 284 ppm—exceeding various global shale deposits and the upper continental crust. Moreover, the weak correlations between key elemental proxies suggested a limited or no diagenetic impact on the REE of the Talhar Shale, making them reliable for paleoenvironmental interpretation. Elevated ΣREE values and lower Y/Ho ratios suggest warmer, more humid paleoclimatic conditions with freshwater influence during Talhar Shale deposition. From a global perspective, this suggests lower salinities at mid-latitudes and brackish conditions at higher latitudes and near the equator. This interpretation is further supported by narrow and stable δCe anomaly and Ce_Index indicate suboxic water conditions throughout the deposition, whereas more oxic conditions prevailed at the poles. Elevated LREE/HREE ratios and various trace elemental proxies imply a likely felsic origin for Talhar Shale, while paleotectonic discrimination highlights the complexity of the tectonic setting and demands a more comprehensive geochemical analysis. These findings justify the need for further exploration of the Talhar Shale to refine its palaeoenvironmental significance and broader implications on a global scale.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19928,"journal":{"name":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology","volume":"671 ","pages":"Article 112985"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143899668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Holocene palaeoclimatic evolution in the North Ionian Basin of the Mediterranean Sea: A multiproxy approach","authors":"L. Bronzo ,&nbsp;A. Cascella ,&nbsp;S. Bonomo ,&nbsp;C. Morigi ,&nbsp;I. Cacho ,&nbsp;G. Margaritelli ,&nbsp;J. Frigola ,&nbsp;L.D. Pena ,&nbsp;F. Lirer","doi":"10.1016/j.palaeo.2025.112977","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.palaeo.2025.112977","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We analyse the ND14Mbis gravity core obtained from the North Ionian Basin using a multi-proxy approach (calcareous nannofossils, planktonic foraminifera, geochemistry, X-ray fluorescence), to improve knowledge of Holocene palaeoclimatic and palaeoceanographic evolution. Wavelet analysis of the cold water coccolith species group (<em>Emiliania huxleyi</em> &gt; 4 μm and <em>Gephyrocapsa muellerae</em>) reveals a 1.6 ky periodicity, which closely matches the 1.5 ky North Atlantic Bond cycles. On shorter timescales, our high-resolution analysis allows the identification of major climatic events, including the latter part of the African Humid Period (10–5.4 ky BP) and the deposition of the Sapropel 1 interval (S1, 10–6.6 ky BP), as well as the Pre-Roman (4.1–2 ky BP), Roman (2–1.5 ky BP) and Post-Roman (1.5–0 ky BP) periods. During the African Humid Period, the S1 interval is clearly marked by the distribution of <em>Florisphaera profunda, Syracosphaera pulchra, Braarudosphaera bigelowii</em> and warm water taxa (<em>Calciosolenia</em> sp., <em>Discosphaera tubifera, Oolithot</em><em>us fragilis, Rhabdosphaera clavigera, Umbilicosphaera</em> sp. and <em>Umbellosphaera tenuis</em>), reworked coccoliths and XRF signals. Our findings show that S1 anoxic bottom-water conditions were interrupted during two short spells of climate cooling that coincide with the 8.2 and 7.4 ky BP climate events. Drier conditions developed at the end of the African Humid Period, with intermittent humid intervals. These episodes were likely governed by the negative shifts of the North Atlantic Oscillation system, whose influence progressively intensified after 4.2 ky BP, as reflected by the oscillations in holococcolith abundance and K/Al curves.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19928,"journal":{"name":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology","volume":"671 ","pages":"Article 112977"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143899592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Asynchronous uplift of the South and Central Tian Shan in the Mesozoic: Insights from detrital zircon geochronology on the Southern Tian Shan Foreland Basin (NW China)","authors":"Kaixun Zhang ,&nbsp;Ronghu Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhiyuan He ,&nbsp;Tao Qian ,&nbsp;Qinglu Zeng ,&nbsp;Ke Wang ,&nbsp;Chao Li","doi":"10.1016/j.palaeo.2025.112980","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.palaeo.2025.112980","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Tian Shan orogenic belt, Earth's largest active intracontinental mountain belt, has experienced multiple reactivation and uplift events since its late Paleozoic amalgamation. However, the mechanisms driving these processes, as well as the relative uplift timing and rates of its secondary tectonic units, such as the South Tian Shan (STS) and Yili Block-Central Tian Shan (Yili-CTS), remain unclear. To investigate these issues, we analyzed detrital zircon U<img>Pb isotopic ages and heavy mineral assemblages from late Paleozoic to Cenozoic sedimentary rocks in the Southern Tian Shan Foreland Basin (STFB) using deep drilling samples. Our results document distinct detrital zircon responses to three major reactivation events during the Mesozoic–Cenozoic. In the late Triassic, detritus from the Yili-CTS first reached the STFB, likely due to enhanced erosion linked to a megamonsoon. By the early Cretaceous, the Yili-CTS had become a dominant sediment source, although its contribution declined in younger formations, indicating a delayed uplift of the STS relative to the Yili-CTS. These observations suggest that the Mongol-Okhotsk orogeny might trigger the early Cretaceous uplift of the Yili-CTS, with subsequent remote effects from the Lhasa–Qiangtang collision driving the STS’s uplift. Since the late Paleogene, uplift and shortening have been concentrated along the mountain front thrust-fold belts, blocking sediment transport from the Yili-CTS to the STFB, while tectonic quiescence in earlier periods allowed for increased contributions of the Yili-CTS-derived sediments, reflecting the overall planation of the Tian Shan. These findings provide new insights into the topographic evolution of the Tian Shan during multiple phases of intracontinental orogenesis and highlight the interactions between regional tectonics and far-field geodynamic forces.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19928,"journal":{"name":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology","volume":"671 ","pages":"Article 112980"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143899667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Periglacial aeolian activities in the Headwater Region of the Yellow River, northeastern Tibetan Plateau","authors":"Jingjing Hu ,&nbsp;Guangyin Hu ,&nbsp;Linhai Yang ,&nbsp;Xueyang Guo ,&nbsp;Jingran Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhibao Dong","doi":"10.1016/j.palaeo.2025.112984","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.palaeo.2025.112984","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Headwater Region of the Yellow River (HRYR) situated in the northeastern part of the Tibetan Plateau (TP) at an average elevation of over 4300 m, experienced extensive glaciation during the Last Glacial Period. However, the relationship between glacial presence and aeolian activity in this periglacial region remains poorly understood. To investigate this, three sediment sequences from a blowout in the periglacial region of HRYR were selected for sampling. The coarse-grained (CG) K-feldspar pIRIR dating was employed to establish the chronology, yielding 16 luminescence ages that ranged from 16.35 ± 0.96 ka to 60 ±  1 a. The results indicate that the earliest aeolian deposits occurred during the Last Deglaciation, with aeolian deposits also recorded in the early Holocene. During the mid-Holocene, there was a gap in aeolian sedimentation, which may be due to humid climatic conditions. In the late Holocene, drier and cooler climatic conditions triggered a resurgence of rapid aeolian deposition. A depositional gap between 2.5 and 0.6 ka in this period likely reflects erosional events under high wind energy conditions. Aeolian activity during the Last Deglaciation was closely linked to the periglacial environment at the sampling site. As the glaciers receded, the moraine deposits from the Bayan Har Mountains were reworked by rivers and exposed during the dry seasons, providing source material for the localized aeolian activity in the region. This study aims to provide the influence of periglacial environment on aeolian activity and establishes a framework for understanding aeolian deposition in high altitude glacial environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19928,"journal":{"name":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology","volume":"671 ","pages":"Article 112984"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143899669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surface soil phytolith assemblages across arid and semi-arid regions of northern China, and their implications for quantitative reconstruction of precipitation","authors":"Yuhan Kuai,&nbsp;Shipei Dong,&nbsp;Zhuolun Li,&nbsp;Xiang Li,&nbsp;Jiaqi Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.palaeo.2025.112979","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.palaeo.2025.112979","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Clarifying the environmental significance of proxies and establishing a reliable function between regional climate variables and proxies can enhance the accuracy of quantitative precipitation reconstruction, which is benefit for revealing global climate change and their regional environmental responses. However, the links between surface soil phytolith assemblages and precipitation changes in arid and semi-arid regions remain unclear. In this study, we conducted gridded sampling (0.5° × 0.5°) of 41 surface soil samples across a precipitation gradient of 50–400 mm in the arid and semi-arid regions of northern China for phytolith analysis. The results showed that the phytolith morphotypes could be classified into 11 morphotypes, dominated by Gobbet, E<span>longate entire</span>, and R<span>ondel</span>. Cluster analysis indicated that the surface soil phytolith assemblages effectively reflect local vegetation. Redundancy analysis (RDA) revealed that, compared to mean annual temperature (MAT), potential evapotranspiration (PET) and wind speed (WS), mean annual precipitation (MAP) is the dominant variable controlling the spatial distribution of phytoliths. C<span>renate</span> and B<span>locky</span> were positively correlated with MAP, while Gobbet was negatively correlated with MAP. A new phytolith index PI = (C<span>renate</span> + B<span>locky</span>) / (C<span>renate</span> + B<span>locky</span> + Gobbet) and a transfer function between the PI index and MAP (MAP = 613.33 × PI +33.36, R² = 0.8, RMSE = 46 mm) were established. The PI index is more suitable as a proxy for paleoclimate reconstruction in this region compared to previous indices such as Iph. The PI-MAP transfer function demonstrates high accuracy in potential applications in quantitative reconstruction of precipitation in arid and semi-arid regions. This study provides valuable quantitative estimates of paleo-precipitation changes in arid and semi-arid regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19928,"journal":{"name":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology","volume":"671 ","pages":"Article 112979"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143888205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Paleoenvironment fluctuations and conodont size variations in the Baoshan block of eastern Tethys: implications for the late Norian warming event (Late Triassic)","authors":"Bao Guo ,&nbsp;Yixing Du ,&nbsp;Xin Jin ,&nbsp;Tetsuji Onoue ,&nbsp;Honami Sato ,&nbsp;Yuki Tomimatsu ,&nbsp;Lu Han ,&nbsp;Zhiqiang Shi ,&nbsp;Yuehan Sun ,&nbsp;Qiangwang Wu ,&nbsp;Manuel Rigo","doi":"10.1016/j.palaeo.2025.112983","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.palaeo.2025.112983","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Norian Stage of the Late Triassic represents a significant interval in geological history marked by environmental and biological evolutions. One notable event during this time is the late Norian warming event (W3), occurring in the late Norian. Globally recorded, the warming event is associated with carbon cycle perturbations, temperature increases, changes in biodiversity, and enhanced weathering intensity. Previous studies have focused on carbon isotopes, sedimentology, and biostratigraphy in the Baoshan block. However, information on environmental changes in this area during the Norian Stage remains limited. In this study, we utilized redox conditions indexes (V/Cr, U/Th, Mo_EF/U_EF, and Ce/Ce^⁎) and paleo-productivity proxies (P_org, Ba_xs) to reconstruct the ocean paleoenvironment in the HYB section of the Baoshan block. Two stages of reducing conditions and paleo-productivity fluctuations were identified during the late Norian warming event interval. In addition, the size of 1606 well-preserved adult conodont pectiniform elements from the HYB section was measured. The mean length of conodonts increased before the Alaunian-Sevatian boundary and then decreased significantly after the boundary in the Sevatian. Conodont size variations are typically related to changes in living environments, but our study found no direct relation between changes in redox conditions, paleo-productivity, and variations in conodont size in the Baoshan block. It may be due to the predominant conodont fauna, <em>Mockina</em>, being surface water dwellers. These surface-dwelling conodonts were not influenced by changes in seafloor redox conditions in relatively deep water. The direct evidence is instead that the size variation of conodonts is more likely affected by temperature changes in Tethyan surface seawater during the late Norian warming event.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19928,"journal":{"name":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology","volume":"671 ","pages":"Article 112983"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143895699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HORSE: Harmonize regional and global stratigraphic records through horizon sequencing","authors":"Tianyi Chu ,&nbsp;Hanhui Huang ,&nbsp;Junxuan Fan ,&nbsp;Yiying Deng ,&nbsp;Tao Xu ,&nbsp;Chao Qian ,&nbsp;Ke Xue ,&nbsp;H. David Sheets ,&nbsp;Michael H. Stephenson ,&nbsp;Yukun Shi ,&nbsp;Xudong Hou","doi":"10.1016/j.palaeo.2025.112976","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.palaeo.2025.112976","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A uniform, high-resolution geological timescale is essential for studying Earth's history, including the dynamics of biodiversity and environmental change. Quantitative stratigraphy combines stratigraphic data with statistical and computational approaches into a global timescale that allows them to be correlated simultaneously. For example, Constrained Optimization (CONOP), built upon Graphic Correlation, sequences geological events to generate a composite sequence by resolving inconsistencies among stratigraphic records. However, CONOP determines only the global order of events (e.g., first or last appearances of species) and cannot assign ages to local records, e.g., a locally observed fossil occurrence. Horizon Annealing (HA) addresses this by using a simulated annealing algorithm to sequence sampling “horizons” while preserving local stratigraphic details. Here, we report HORizon SEquencing (HORSE), a generalized and optimized method for HA, with an implementation including parallel computing and genetic algorithms to enable fast, automatic stratigraphic correlation on large datasets. We evaluate HORSE, HA, and CONOP on three datasets—two empirical and one simulated—and assess their performance in terms of accuracy, efficiency, and robustness. HORSE greatly outperforms HA in computational efficiency and performs comparably to CONOP in event sequencing with greater robustness. Beyond constructing high-resolution geological timescales or life histories in deep time, HORSE uniquely preserves local stratigraphic information, enabling applications in palaeogeographical or palaeoecological studies, as well as evaluations of preservation and sampling biases—capabilities not possible with CONOP.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19928,"journal":{"name":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology","volume":"670 ","pages":"Article 112976"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143875039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A simple climate-driven semi-mechanistic vegetation model can explain the pan-Asian extent of the glacial mammoth steppe","authors":"Lisa Merkens ,&nbsp;Tim Anders ,&nbsp;Wolfgang Traylor ,&nbsp;Hervé Bocherens ,&nbsp;Thomas Hickler","doi":"10.1016/j.palaeo.2025.112962","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.palaeo.2025.112962","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Graminoid and forb tundra vegetation has been hypothesized to have covered a vast area in northern Eurasia during the Late Pleistocene cold phases, providing habitat for many now-extinct megaherbivores. The formation and persistence of this now nearly-lost vegetation have been either attributed to the cold and arid climate of the glacials (climate hypothesis) or the action of its large herbivores (keystone herbivore hypothesis). Here, we test whether the extent of this plant community can be modelled mechanistically using a few bioclimatic variables with clear physiological effects on plants. We fitted the bioclimatic limits based on the distribution of the closest modern analogues of the graminoid-forb-tundra. Next, we applied this parameterization to conditions of the Last Glacial Maximum, given by the gridded climate-model-based CHELSA-TraCE21k paleoclimate dataset. The projected glacial distribution of the graminoid and forb tundra mainly expands in central Siberia. The model failed to reproduce fossil-inferred occurrences of graminoid and forb tundra in glacial Europe and northern Eurasia, however, possibly because of inaccuracies in CHELSA-TraCE21k, with temperatures being too high in Europe and too low in northern Siberia. This initial study suggests that climate might have played a substantial role in forming the glacial graminoid and forb tundra, but analyses with more climate models will be necessary to corroborate this finding. Our parsimonious, transparent, and process-based model holds the potential for testing the climate hypothesis more rigorously with additional and improved palaeoclimate data.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19928,"journal":{"name":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology","volume":"670 ","pages":"Article 112962"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143876876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}