Ocean Modelling最新文献

{"title":"Advancing multi-scale wave modeling: Global and coastal applications during the 2022 Atlantic hurricane season","authors":"Ali Abdolali ,&nbsp;Tyler J. Hesser ,&nbsp;Aron Roland ,&nbsp;Martha Schönau ,&nbsp;David A. Honegger ,&nbsp;Jane McKee Smith ,&nbsp;Héloïse Michaud ,&nbsp;Luca Centurioni","doi":"10.1016/j.ocemod.2025.102623","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ocemod.2025.102623","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Using the six-month hurricane season of 2022 as a case study and the spectral wave model WAVEWATCH III, this effort shows that wave parameters produced via a variable-resolution global mesh (5–30 km) agree with a diverse array of validating observational datasets at a level comparable to that of a constant-resolution mesh (3 km) that is six times more costly to run. The optimized variable-resolution, unstructured triangular mesh is faithful to land geometry and wave transformation gradients while relaxing focus in deeper regions where gradients are typically less pronounced. Wave parameters measured via satellite altimetry, stationary buoy networks, and drifting buoys are employed to demonstrate not only a substantial increase in performance over a coarse, constant-resolution grid (40 km), with RMSE reduced from 0.28 m to 0.14 m and Correlation Coefficient (CC) improved from 0.92 to 0.98 overall, but also a comparable level of performance to that of a mesh that has undergone a full convergence analysis. Performance comparisons isolated to shallow regions and near cyclonic storms highlight the importance of resolving relevant geometries. For nearshore data, RMSE improves from 0.29 m to 0.13 m and CC from 0.89 to 0.98; in shallow regions, RMSE from 0.29 m to 0.15 m and CC from 0.88 to 0.97; and under cyclonic conditions, RMSE from 0.62 m to 0.35 m and CC from 0.93 to 0.98. Wave model results using the variable-resolution mesh were further analyzed to provide a detailed summary of the wave climate, including wind-wave and swell partitions, over the six-month study period in the study area.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19457,"journal":{"name":"Ocean Modelling","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 102623"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145221531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of tidal currents and sea ice on wave dynamics in Cook Inlet, Alaska","authors":"Martin Henke ,&nbsp;Zhaoqing Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.ocemod.2025.102635","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ocemod.2025.102635","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cook Inlet, Alaska is a unique tidal estuary with extreme tidal regimes and the presence of seasonal ice coverage. In this study, the wave dynamics of Cook Inlet are explored through analysis of in-situ wave observations and spectral wave model simulations. The analysis first assesses the wave climate from an existing dataset — showing low-energy wave conditions as a mean state for the upper and lower inlets. Following, wave observations within the inlet are analyzed to reveal modulation by tidal constituents. Finally, a region-specific, ocean circulation coupled, spectral wave model is run over a storm event with current and ice forcings present. This simulation reveals that under extreme wind conditions, large waves can exceed 2 m and 6 m in the upper and lower inlet sections. Simulations results demonstrate that increases in significant wave height up to 1 m are observed due to the effects of wave–current interaction on opposing current gradients. This analysis provides insight into how the tidal phase can amplify or diminish wave energy over large extents of the inlet and the role sea ice plays in limiting regional wave energy. These outcomes demonstrate the combined influence of environmental variables current, water levels, and ice influencing wave dynamics and stress the importance of their implementation in wave modeling frameworks where applicable.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19457,"journal":{"name":"Ocean Modelling","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 102635"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145221518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A structure-preserving nonstaggered central scheme for shallow water equations with wet–dry fronts and Coriolis force on triangles","authors":"Jian Dong ,&nbsp;Xu Qian ,&nbsp;Huizan Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ocemod.2025.102626","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ocemod.2025.102626","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work introduces a structure-preserving nonstaggered central scheme for the two-dimensional shallow water equations with wet–dry fronts and Coriolis force on triangular meshes. A key innovation of our approach is the development of a novel discretization method for source terms that exploits the geometric properties of the mesh within staggered cells. This method effectively overcomes the limitations of existing central schemes, which often exhibit a lack of well-balanced property in configurations that involve wet–dry fronts. In particular, the defined numerical fluxes not only utilize information from the central points but also from the vertex points. We rigorously show that the proposed numerical scheme maintains both positivity-preserving and well-balanced properties, essential attributes that ensure the physical validity and stability of the simulations. To verify our theoretical results, we conduct comprehensive numerical experiments that encompass a variety of scenarios. The results highlight the method’s exceptional performance in accurately modeling complex fluid dynamics associated with wet–dry fronts and Coriolis force.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19457,"journal":{"name":"Ocean Modelling","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 102626"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145047496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of islands on the cross-shelf transport among the Pearl River Estuary, its adjacent coast and inner shelf","authors":"Pengpeng Hu ,&nbsp;Guang Zhang ,&nbsp;Suan Hu ,&nbsp;Xiuquan Zhu ,&nbsp;Heng Zhang ,&nbsp;Wenping Gong","doi":"10.1016/j.ocemod.2025.102634","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ocemod.2025.102634","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cross-shelf transport is crucial for material exchange in the estuary-coast-shelf continuum. This study employs the Coupled Ocean-Atmospheric-Wave-Sediment Transport (COAWST) modeling system to quantify the cross-shelf transport and investigate the influence of islands on the cross-shelf transport between the Pearl River Estuary (PRE), the adjacent coast and the inner shelf. A budget-based method is applied to calculate the cross-shelf volume transport across key interfaces: the estuary-coast interface (the exit between Lantau Island and Macau at the PRE mouth) and the coast-inner shelf interface (25 m isobath). The results show that the Lantau-Macau exit serves as a key transport gateway for estuary-coast exchange, with a net offshore transport of 1.97 × 10³ m³ s⁻¹ in the dry season and 2.61 × 10³ m³ s⁻¹ in the wet season, respectively. The dynamical analysis shows that, at the estuary-coast interface, the islands strengthen the onshore horizontal advection, increasing the net onshore transport by 41.37 % in the dry season, and augment the offshore barotropic gradient, increasing the net offshore transport by 422 % in the wet season. At the coast-inner shelf interface, the cross-shelf transport is onshore at 11.35 × 10³ m³ s⁻¹ during the dry season and offshore at 0.74 × 10³ m³ s⁻¹ during the wet season. During the dry season, the islands enhance both the onshore and offshore transport through increased bottom pressure torque (BPT) and nonlinear advection, respectively, with the two effects nearly balancing each other. However, in the wet season, the islands strengthen the Joint Effect of Baroclinity And Relief (JEBAR), counteracting the advection and making BPT-driven onshore transport to become dominant, thereby enhancing onshore transport by 63 % at this interface. This study has implications for land-ocean interaction research and effective coastal management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19457,"journal":{"name":"Ocean Modelling","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 102634"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145097051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel framework for studying oceanic freshwater transports, and its application in discerning the modelled fate of freshwater around the coast of Greenland","authors":"Fraser William Goldsworth","doi":"10.1016/j.ocemod.2025.102599","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ocemod.2025.102599","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the sub-polar North Atlantic, the accumulation of fresh meltwaters from Greenland and the Arctic can impact the strength of the climatically important Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation. In this study I investigate and map out the processes that contribute to the accumulation of freshwater in four different regions around Greenland, quantifying horizontal transports of freshwater and the expansion and depletion of freshwater reservoirs by surface sources and interior mixing. Rather than using traditional freshwater budgets, whose flaws are well documented, I propose the novel use of the freshwater transformation framework and apply it to outputs from an eddy resolving coupled climate model (10 km atmosphere and 5 km ocean).</div><div>Analysing volume transports in salinity space we observe the salinification of the boundary currents surrounding Greenland as they flow from Fram Strait towards the Labrador Sea. Using the freshwater transformation framework we are able to link the salinification to mixing, sea-ice formation or the accumulation of freshwaters stored in the waters surrounding Greenland. The balance changes depending upon the region and season under question. The mixing of freshwaters is found to be stronger during wintertime than in summertime. Furthermore, mixing plays a more dominant role in the freshwater transformation budget off Southern Greenland, where sea-ice cover is low, than off Northern Greenland, where sea-ice cover is high.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19457,"journal":{"name":"Ocean Modelling","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 102599"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145007746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the tsunami generation potential of major faults in the sicilian channel using 3D numerical modeling","authors":"FX Anjar Tri Laksono ,&nbsp;Manoranjan Mishra ,&nbsp;Fadlin ,&nbsp;János Kovács","doi":"10.1016/j.ocemod.2025.102625","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ocemod.2025.102625","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Sicilian Channel, part of the central Mediterranean Sea, contains several active fault systems capable of generating tsunamis. Although historical evidence of major tsunami events exists in the region, few numerical studies have explored tsunami generation and coastal impact scenarios associated with these fault zones. This study employs 3D hydrodynamic modelling using Delft3D to simulate tsunami generation, propagation, and inundation resulting from three primary fault structures: the Gela Nappe Thrust Fault (GNTF), the Sciacca Strike-Slip Fault, and the Malta Graben Normal Fault (MGNF). The simulations indicate that tsunami wave heights along the southern coast of Sicily may reach up to 6 m, with inundation distances ranging from 23 to 144 m, depending on fault parameters and local bathymetric/topographic settings. These findings underscore the critical influence of regional bathymetry and fault source mechanisms in shaping tsunami behavior in semi-enclosed basins like the Sicilian Channel. This work contributes to the understanding of wave dynamics and coastal response in tectonically active marine environments, offering valuable insights for tsunami hazard assessment and early warning system planning.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19457,"journal":{"name":"Ocean Modelling","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 102625"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145119357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wind-driven exchange flow and inter-basin connectivity in a multi-inlet bay during hurricane and non-hurricane periods","authors":"Wei Huang ,&nbsp;Chunyan Li ,&nbsp;Arnoldo Valle-Levinson ,&nbsp;Daniel Gann ,&nbsp;Michael C. Sukop ,&nbsp;Jayantha T. Obeysekera ,&nbsp;Tiffany Troxler","doi":"10.1016/j.ocemod.2025.102624","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ocemod.2025.102624","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study quantifies wind-induced water volume exchanges through bay-ocean interfaces and among sub-bays of a multiple-inlet estuary, Biscayne Bay in Florida. The bay is elongated and oriented roughly in the north-south direction. Numerical simulations were conducted for both typical and extreme (Hurricane Irma) wind conditions. Results show that wind forcing accounts for 〈 10 % of total volume exchanges during typical winds but for 〉 60 % during hurricane conditions. Further, volume transport through seven inlets and five inter-basin transects is mainly driven by the North wind component (∼ parallel to the orientation of the bay). As a result, the major outflow through inlets is related to Ekman transport driven by southerly (or northward) winds. Except for the fifth inlet, volume transport through all the other six inlets is outward under southerly wind (R²&gt;0.65). In contrast, southward inter-basin transports are mainly driven by northerly (or southward) wind and northward transports by southerly (or northward) wind. Inter-basin volume transport is highly related with the N-S wind (R² &gt;0.74), i.e., the northward/southward transport is in line with the southerly/northerly wind. Additionally, the forcing-response joint Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) analysis shows that Biscayne Bay exhibits only one predominant exchange pattern, which explains &gt; 90 % under typical winds and &gt; 80 % during hurricane winds.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19457,"journal":{"name":"Ocean Modelling","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 102624"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145007745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The importance of free infragravity waves in the North Sea: Insights from field observations and unstructured SWAN modelling","authors":"Gal Akrish ,&nbsp;Ad Reniers ,&nbsp;Dirk Rijnsdorp ,&nbsp;Marcel Zijlema ,&nbsp;Jantien Rutten ,&nbsp;Marion Tissier","doi":"10.1016/j.ocemod.2025.102619","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ocemod.2025.102619","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines the importance of free infragravity (FIG) waves in the North Sea using a recent collection of wave measurements and a newly developed unstructured SWAN model. The measurements include new observations of infragravity waves at offshore (30–40 m water depth) and nearshore (10–20 m water depth) locations in the southern North Sea. These observations serve as the basis for model optimization and verification. Good agreement is obtained between model predictions and measurements during two recent storm periods, including severe storms with unusual wind directions and high wind speeds (e.g., “Storm Babet”). Model investigation along the coasts of Belgium and the Netherlands demonstrated a strong dependence between nearshore FIG conditions (i.e., energy intensity and sources) and storm characteristics (i.e., alongshore wind pattern and storm track). Specifically, several storms have demonstrated significant contributions of FIG energy originating from remote sources (e.g., the coasts of UK and Denmark). This suggests that nearshore FIG conditions in the North Sea cannot be determined based on the local sea-swell conditions alone and may be significantly underestimated if non-local contributions are ignored. Finally, modelled and measured results at nearshore locations along the Dutch coast revealed that under storm conditions FIG energy can be an order of magnitude higher than energy due to bound infragravity (BIG) waves. This result, augmented with estimated ratios of free and forced infragravity energy at the shoreline, emphasizes the necessity of considering the FIG waves as an integral part of coastal safety assessments along the coasts of the North Sea.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19457,"journal":{"name":"Ocean Modelling","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 102619"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144911866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of driving forces in sediment transport processes in an upwelling-driven continental shelf","authors":"Marili Viitak ,&nbsp;Rita Nolasco ,&nbsp;Nicolás Villacieros-Robineau ,&nbsp;Paulo A. Silva ,&nbsp;Carmen G. Castro ,&nbsp;Jesús Dubert","doi":"10.1016/j.ocemod.2025.102620","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ocemod.2025.102620","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sediment transport in the continental shelf regions affects many interdisciplinary problems, including ecological and social issues. Understanding the underlying processes influencing sediment transport is essential for coastal management, distribution of nutrients, pollutants and abundance of benthic flora and fauna, which can impact the entire food chain in the marine ecosystem. The present work aims to enhance our understanding of the spatial and temporal variability of sediment transport in the upwelling affected continental shelves. A state-of-the-art 3D oceanic numerical model CROCO (v1.0) was used to simulate the suspended sediment transport on NW Iberian Peninsula continental shelf, considering an entire annual cycle from November 2008 to December 2009. The sediment transport patterns were influenced by the seasonality of the shelf current and wave dynamics. While low sediment movement was observed during spring and summer, considerable transport could be seen from mid-autumn and winter, associated with storms. The shelf circulation, mainly driven in response to atmospheric forcing, determined the transport direction, while wave energy regulated the re-suspended sediment mass. Storm-driven upwelling and downwelling events predominantly promoted sediment transport southward and northward through the bottom boundary layer, respectively. The morphological features of the shelf and the frontal dynamics between the oceanic and fresh water in the mid-and inner shelf, modulated by upwelling and downwelling, shaped the suspended sediment transport across and along the water column. In the northern region of the study area, the simulated shelf-scale near-bottom eddies induced transport pathways to the open ocean.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19457,"journal":{"name":"Ocean Modelling","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 102620"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144908690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The predictability study of oceanic deep learning models: Taking Kuroshio intrusion into South China Sea as an example","authors":"Qiang Wang ,&nbsp;Junkai Qian ,&nbsp;Mu Mu ,&nbsp;Peng Liang ,&nbsp;Bo Qin","doi":"10.1016/j.ocemod.2025.102622","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ocemod.2025.102622","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Many previous studies have delved into the predictability of atmosphere and ocean in numerical models, which are crucial for guiding and improving predictions. Currently, deep learning prediction models have developed rapidly, yet their predictability remains largely unexplored. This study endeavors to probe the predictability of deep learning models by focusing on the Kuroshio intrusion (KI) into the South China Sea, utilizing the Conditional Nonlinear Optimal Perturbation (CNOP) approach. We first construct a deep learning model for the KI prediction based on the Unet, which can well predict the KI with a lead time of 14 days. By integrating this model with a nonlinear optimization algorithm, we calculate two types of CNOPs: one with a positive sea surface height anomaly (SSHA) error, denoted as CNOP1, and another with a negative error, labeled as CNOP2. These CNOP errors can grow quickly and exert significant effects on the KI prediction: CNOP1 tends to yield an anticyclonic SSHA error, which aligns with the loop path of the Kuroshio, thereby amplifying the intrusion, while CNOP2 has an almost opposite effect. Furthermore, the sensitive area is identified by the spatial structure of the CNOP error, which is mainly located around Luzon strait. Reducing the input data errors in the CNOP sensitive area will more remarkably improve the KI prediction with a relative improvement rate surpassing 20%, compared to the sensitive area identified by occlusion method and other artificially determined areas. Such findings have the potential to elevate the KI prediction skills of deep learning models.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19457,"journal":{"name":"Ocean Modelling","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 102622"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144892986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}