Ocean Modelling最新文献

Challenges in improving Arctic freshwater simulations: An evaluation of CMIP6 models in the Beaufort Gyre region 改善北极淡水模拟的挑战：波弗特环流地区CMIP6模式的评估

IF 3.1 3区地球科学

Ocean Modelling Pub Date : 2025-05-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.ocemod.2025.102565

Yu Zhang , Zhou Ye , Feifan Chen , Changsheng Chen , Guoping Gao , Robert C. Beardsley , Deshuai Wang , Jianhua Qi , Danya Xu , Yi Zhou

{"title":"Challenges in improving Arctic freshwater simulations: An evaluation of CMIP6 models in the Beaufort Gyre region","authors":"Yu Zhang , Zhou Ye , Feifan Chen , Changsheng Chen , Guoping Gao , Robert C. Beardsley , Deshuai Wang , Jianhua Qi , Danya Xu , Yi Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.ocemod.2025.102565","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ocemod.2025.102565","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The performance of CMIP6 models in simulating freshwater content (FWC) in the Beaufort Gyre remains unclear. This study evaluated 17 CMIP6 models using both observational and reanalysis datasets. Additionally, a global ice-ocean coupled model based on Finite Volume Community Ocean Model (Global-FVCOM) was incorporated for reference. The results revealed a significant inter-model spread among the CMIP6 models in spatiotemporal variations of FWC, with discrepancies relative to the evaluation data that were larger than those exhibited in Global-FVCOM. These discrepancies were primarily attributed to simulation errors of the salinity structure within the CMIP6 models. Over half of the models indicated that the primary source of FWC error originated from the layers above the base of halocline, where most models underestimated FWC, while others suggested the error originated from the layers between the base of the halocline and the 34.8 psu isohaline, where models tended to overestimate FWC. Based on an overall evaluation using observational and reanalysis datasets, EC-Earth3, MRI-ESM2-0, and FIO-ESM-2-0 showed better performance relative to other CMIP6 models. However, these three models, along with the multi-model mean, exhibited larger errors than Global-FVCOM, suggesting that current CMIP6 models still face challenges in FWC simulation relative to some ice-ocean coupled models. The main aspects contributing to the errors, including discrepancies in uncertainties induced by internal variability, numerical configurations, vertical mixing schemes, model resolutions, freshwater inputs, and atmospheric forcings were further discussed in this study. This study enhances understandings of CMIP6 models’ capabilities to simulate FWC in the Beaufort Gyre region, providing valuable insights for future model improvements.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19457,"journal":{"name":"Ocean Modelling","volume":"197 ","pages":"Article 102565"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144170575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The introduction of observation-based wave physics into the wind-wave model WAM: Wave assessments for a semi-enclosed basin 基于观测的波浪物理在风浪模型WAM中的引入：半封闭盆地的波浪评估

IF 3.1 3区地球科学

Ocean Modelling Pub Date : 2025-05-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.ocemod.2025.102564

Marcel Ricker , Joshua Kousal , Heinz Günther , Arno Behrens , Joanna Staneva

{"title":"The introduction of observation-based wave physics into the wind-wave model WAM: Wave assessments for a semi-enclosed basin","authors":"Marcel Ricker , Joshua Kousal , Heinz Günther , Arno Behrens , Joanna Staneva","doi":"10.1016/j.ocemod.2025.102564","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ocemod.2025.102564","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents the successful integration of ST6 observation-based source term physics into the WAM Cycle 7 wind-wave model, marking the first comprehensive validation and comparison with the existing wave physics ST3 and ST4 of WAM, with a specific focus on the Black Sea. Overall, validations demonstrate consistent and satisfactory performance across all three source term physics, aligning with findings from previous studies using different wave models in various regions. Minor discrepancies exist. ST3 excels in representing significant wave height, crucial for wave power applications, while ST4 and ST6 best reproduce T<sub>M02</sub> mean wave period and mean wave direction, impacting Stokes drift direction and thereby drift simulations. Validation metrics unaffected by bias confirm the similarity of the three physics, ruling out calibration issues. Evaluations of ERA5 wind forcing reveal larger errors induced by wind compared to source terms, emphasising the significance of wind quality and model calibration over physics choice. During extreme events, the physics exhibit similar performance, although wind speeds remain relatively low compared to the global ocean. Studies indicate greater discrepancies among physics in larger-scale scenarios with increased fetch, prevailing swell, or hurricanes, where ST6 demonstrates superior performance, while ST4 fares better in low-wind conditions. These findings showcase the need for the examination of these scenarios in the new WAM Cycle 7 version.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19457,"journal":{"name":"Ocean Modelling","volume":"197 ","pages":"Article 102564"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144178029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The effect of sea-level rise on tides, extreme sea levels and waves in Port Phillip Bay in south-eastern Australia 海平面上升对澳大利亚东南部菲利普湾的潮汐、极端海平面和海浪的影响

IF 3.1 3区地球科学

Ocean Modelling Pub Date : 2025-05-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.ocemod.2025.102563

Vanessa Hernaman , Ron K. Hoeke , Kathleen L. McInnes , Julian G. O’Grady , Phellipe P. Couto , Claire Trenham , Blake M. Seers

{"title":"The effect of sea-level rise on tides, extreme sea levels and waves in Port Phillip Bay in south-eastern Australia","authors":"Vanessa Hernaman , Ron K. Hoeke , Kathleen L. McInnes , Julian G. O’Grady , Phellipe P. Couto , Claire Trenham , Blake M. Seers","doi":"10.1016/j.ocemod.2025.102563","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ocemod.2025.102563","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Long-term sea level rise (SLR) related to climate change is expected to increase coastal flood risk from extreme storm tide events in many vulnerable regions of the world by the end of the century. However, coastal inundation from these extreme events arises through the complex interaction of SLR on astronomical tides, waves, and wave-current effects. These non-linear dynamic processes were investigated for the semi-enclosed Port Phillip Bay (PPB) in south-eastern Australia using a two-way coupled hydrodynamic-wave model. The model simulated water levels due to tides, weather and waves, and aspects of wave-flow interaction over a baseline period (1980–2014) and three 20-year periods (1980–1999) using projected SLR scenarios of 0.2 m, 0.8 m, and 1.4 m (latter subsequently extended to 35 years to match baseline). The baseline simulation showed that, because of the predominant wind direction and distance from PPB Heads, the western shores of PPB were vulnerable to high Annual Exceedance Probability (AEP) water levels, but not wave heights, whereas the eastern shores experienced high AEP values for both water levels and waves. SLR simulations indicated in most regions extreme water levels within PPB would increase a further ∼10 % beyond the value of the applied SLR. Storm wave energy also increased with SLR e.g., under the 1.4 m SLR scenario, the 1 % AEP significant wave height increased by 5–10 % in most areas, and by 15–20 % in some locations near PPB Heads. These results provide important practical information for coastal management planning and policy over climate change timescales.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19457,"journal":{"name":"Ocean Modelling","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 102563"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144146777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Laboratory validation of the extended SWASH model for modeling wave dynamics under depth-uniform ambient currents 扩展SWASH模型在深度均匀环境电流下模拟波浪动力学的实验室验证

IF 3.1 3区地球科学

Ocean Modelling Pub Date : 2025-05-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.ocemod.2025.102562

Lidian Guo , Zhenjun Zheng , Xiaozhou Ma , Mingfu Tang , Guohai Dong , Hongwei An , Scott Draper

{"title":"Laboratory validation of the extended SWASH model for modeling wave dynamics under depth-uniform ambient currents","authors":"Lidian Guo , Zhenjun Zheng , Xiaozhou Ma , Mingfu Tang , Guohai Dong , Hongwei An , Scott Draper","doi":"10.1016/j.ocemod.2025.102562","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ocemod.2025.102562","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In complex coastal systems such as estuaries and tidal inlets, surface gravity waves and currents often coexist. Phase-resolving wave models are limited in modeling the effects of ambient currents (e.g., tidal and wind-driven) on wave dynamics due to the high computational cost of resolving the flow propagation. Recently, the non-hydrostatic model SWASH has been extended to embed depth-uniform ambient currents provided by external sources (e.g., observations or circulation models) into the control equations in the form of additional terms (Rijnsdorp et al., 2024), circumventing the computational burden of directly simulating the flow field.</div><div>This study evaluates the performance of the extended SWASH model in predicting wave responses to spatially varying depth-uniform currents (following, opposing, and strong opposing currents) under diverse wave conditions using laboratory experiments. Key findings reveal that under weak current conditions, the model accurately predicts current-induced changes in amplitude and wavelength even with coarse vertical resolutions (e.g., 2 layers). Finer vertical resolution (e.g., 20 layers) is needed to capture the nonlinear shallowing, wave breaking, and blocking induced by strong opposing currents. In particular, the model successfully predicts the frequency downshift of waves as they approach the theoretical blocking point and reproduces the modulation of monochromatic and bichromatic wave patterns by strong opposing currents, albeit with an overestimation of the wave height. The results of this study demonstrate the extended SWASH model can be a practical tool for simulating coastal wave dynamics under depth-uniform ambient currents that vary slowly relative to the wave-time scale.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19457,"journal":{"name":"Ocean Modelling","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 102562"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144108006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Assessment and future projections of storm surge using CMIP6 models in the Indo-Pacific region 利用CMIP6模式对印度-太平洋地区风暴潮的评估和未来预测

IF 3.1 3区地球科学

Ocean Modelling Pub Date : 2025-05-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.ocemod.2025.102560

Kamlesh Kumar Saha , Prashant Kumar , Anurag Singh , Bahareh Kamranzad , Ian R. Young , Rajni

{"title":"Assessment and future projections of storm surge using CMIP6 models in the Indo-Pacific region","authors":"Kamlesh Kumar Saha , Prashant Kumar , Anurag Singh , Bahareh Kamranzad , Ian R. Young , Rajni","doi":"10.1016/j.ocemod.2025.102560","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ocemod.2025.102560","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Storm surges are critical events for densely populated coastal areas and offshore islands, with the occurrence of coastal flooding expected to increase due to sea-level rise and intensified storm activity under climate change. This study evaluates projected changes in both seasonal mean and extreme storm surges across the Indo-Pacific region using high-resolution Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) climate models under the SSP5–8.5 high-emission scenario. This study assesses the seasonal storm surge simulation skill of five CMIP6 models, benchmarked against ERA5 reanalysis data for the period 1979–2010. The model performance is quantified with the comprehensive rating index (CRI) confirming that the Multi-Model Ensemble (MME) for the climate projections has the best overall performance. The Generalized Extreme Value (GEV) distribution, applied using the block maxima method, is used to estimate 100-year return values (RV100) for both the historical (1971–2000) and near-term (2021–2050) periods during the JJA (June–August) and SON (September–November) seasons. The RV100 analysis reveals heightened surge potential in the North Pacific, South China Sea, and the southern coasts of Australia and New Zealand, with a notable shift in surge intensity from the South China Sea to the North Pacific, particularly intensifying during SON. Projections indicate strong seasonal surge intensities, with the Yellow Sea, Gulf of Carpentaria, and the southern coasts of Australia and New Zealand regions showing pronounced increases in JJA, while positive changes in SON are evident in the North Pacific, North Indian Ocean (NIO), the Indonesian coast, and Gulf of Thailand, suggesting the potential for increased impact from extreme surges in these areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19457,"journal":{"name":"Ocean Modelling","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 102560"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144084683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

APPLE-MASNUM: Accelerating parallel processing for lightweight expansion of MASNUM on a single multi-GPU node APPLE-MASNUM：在单个多gpu节点上加速MASNUM轻量级扩展的并行处理

IF 3.1 3区地球科学

Ocean Modelling Pub Date : 2025-05-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.ocemod.2025.102557

Qi Lou , Changmao Wu , Changming Dong , Xingru Feng , Yuanyuan Xia , Li Liu , Zhengwei Xu , Xu Gao , Meng Sun , Xunqiang Yin

{"title":"APPLE-MASNUM: Accelerating parallel processing for lightweight expansion of MASNUM on a single multi-GPU node","authors":"Qi Lou , Changmao Wu , Changming Dong , Xingru Feng , Yuanyuan Xia , Li Liu , Zhengwei Xu , Xu Gao , Meng Sun , Xunqiang Yin","doi":"10.1016/j.ocemod.2025.102557","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ocemod.2025.102557","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Marine Science and Numerical Modeling (MASNUM) system, developed for oceanic wave forecasting, play an important role in marine disaster prevention and maritime activities. However, its application is hampered by the requirement of large computing resources. To overcome these barriers, we have implemented an accelerating parallel processing for lightweight expansion of MASNUM (APPLE-MASNUM) on a single compute node with multiple GPUs. In initiating our approach, the mathematical-physics equations of the MASNUM system are thoroughly analyzed to pinpoint the primary computational bottlenecks. This study then transforms MASNUM from a multi-process MPI program into a preliminary GPU-compatible algorithms. Subsequently, the paper proposes an optimization strategy for two-dimensional four-point stencil computations. Following this, an optimization method for overlapping computation with communication is introduced. Finally, a refined data layout scheme tailored for GPUs is designed and implemented. Three numerical experiments with five-day wave forecasts demonstrated that compared to single-core MASNUM, the acceleration ratios of the framework presented in this study are 49.29-fold, 62.58-fold, and 65.74-fold, respectively. This considerable performance boost highlights the efficiency of the lightweight APPLE-MASNUM framework introduced in this research. This signifies the first implementation and optimization of the MASNUM model on a GPU-based heterogeneous platform.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19457,"journal":{"name":"Ocean Modelling","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 102557"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143911537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Oblique interactions of mode-1 and mode-2 internal solitary waves in the presence of variable topography 可变地形下1型和2型内孤立波的斜向相互作用

IF 3.1 3区地球科学

Ocean Modelling Pub Date : 2025-04-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.ocemod.2025.102555

Hao Yan , Zhan Wang , Chunxin Yuan , Yankun Gong , Xueen Chen

{"title":"Oblique interactions of mode-1 and mode-2 internal solitary waves in the presence of variable topography","authors":"Hao Yan , Zhan Wang , Chunxin Yuan , Yankun Gong , Xueen Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.ocemod.2025.102555","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ocemod.2025.102555","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Oblique interactions between internal solitary waves (ISWs) are frequently observed in oceanic environments. However, interactions involving different vertical modes, particularly between the most common mode-1 and mode-2 ISWs, remain poorly understood. To address this gap in knowledge, this study investigates the oblique interactions between mode-1 and mode-2 ISWs using a three-dimensional, high-resolution MITgcm ocean model. We consider three scenarios involving initial idealized V-shaped ISWs in a continuously stratified environment. The results show that interactions between two mode-1 ISWs over flat bottom topography align well with theoretical predictions. In contrast, interactions between two mode-2 ISWs demonstrate stronger attenuation due to potential instabilities arising from their complex vertical structures. When examining interactions between one mode-1 ISW and one mode-2 ISW, the differing phase speeds prevent the formation of Mach stems, resulting in non-resonant, refraction-like patterns. However, in the presence of a submarine cliff, where the phase speeds of these two modes become comparable, the interactions showed Mach stem-like features, along with energy transfer from mode-1 to mode-2 ISWs. Additionally, the presence of shoaling topography can lead to the emergence of mode-3 ISWs and polarity reversals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19457,"journal":{"name":"Ocean Modelling","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 102555"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143898471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

High frequency radar observing system simulation experiment in the Western Mediterranean Sea. A Lagrangian assessment approach

IF 3.1 3区地球科学

Ocean Modelling Pub Date : 2025-04-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.ocemod.2025.102553

Jaime Hernández-Lasheras , Alejandro Orfila , Alex Santana , Ismael Hernández-Carrasco , Baptiste Mourre

{"title":"High frequency radar observing system simulation experiment in the Western Mediterranean Sea. A Lagrangian assessment approach","authors":"Jaime Hernández-Lasheras , Alejandro Orfila , Alex Santana , Ismael Hernández-Carrasco , Baptiste Mourre","doi":"10.1016/j.ocemod.2025.102553","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ocemod.2025.102553","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The potential impact of the inclusion of new antenas in a HFR system is evaluated through an Observing System Simulation Experiment (OSSE) in the Ibiza Channel (Western Mediterranean Sea). Two different configurations of the same model are used: (i) a Nature Run considered as the real ocean state, is used to generate pseudo-observations, and (ii) a Control Run , where the pseudo-observations are assimilated. The OSSE is first validated by comparison against a previous Observing System Experiment (OSE). The impact of the new antennas for forecasting surface currents is evaluated in two different periods with different levels of agreement between NR and CR. The HFR expansion is found to contribute to significantly correct the circulation patterns in the Channel, leading to surface meridional velocity error reductions up to 19%. The improvement on surface transport in the area is analyzed in the Lagrangian framework, taking advantage of the full ocean state knowledge given by the OSSE. Results show that DA can help to better represent the Lagrangian Coherent Structures present in the NR.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19457,"journal":{"name":"Ocean Modelling","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 102553"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143943654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Upper ocean responses to three sequential tropical cyclones in the stratified yellow sea during summer 2020 2020年夏季分层黄海上层海洋对三个连续热带气旋的响应

IF 3.1 3区地球科学

Ocean Modelling Pub Date : 2025-04-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.ocemod.2025.102548

Xingchuan Liu , Fei Yu , Zifei Chen , Feng Nan , Guangcheng Si , Xinyuan Diao , Qiang Ren , Jianfeng Wang

{"title":"Upper ocean responses to three sequential tropical cyclones in the stratified yellow sea during summer 2020","authors":"Xingchuan Liu , Fei Yu , Zifei Chen , Feng Nan , Guangcheng Si , Xinyuan Diao , Qiang Ren , Jianfeng Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ocemod.2025.102548","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ocemod.2025.102548","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Three sequential tropical cyclones (TCs), Bavi, Maysak, and Haishen, passed over the Yellow Sea (YS) during summer 2020, separated by intervals of seven and five days. Focusing on this unique synoptic event, this study investigated the corresponding sea surface temperatures (SSTs) variations and the underlying hydrodynamic mechanisms using numerical simulations and satellite and in-situ observations. Notable SST decreases occurred in the eastern YS following each TC due to intense vertical mixing, with Bavi causing the strongest cooling due to its intensity and the undisturbed ocean stratification. Subsequently, despite similar weather conditions, Maysak induced almost twice as much surface cooling as Haishen. Upper ocean salinity generally increased in the eastern YS under strong mixing which override the freshening effect of precipitation. By conducting TC vortex removal experiments, we demonstrated that the low SSTs following Maysak and Haishen were primarily due to cold water entrained into the upper layer left by Bavi. Surface cooling caused by Maysak was intensified by Bavi's prior influence, whereas that caused by Haishen was weakened by both Bavi and Maysak's influence. This was because rapid SST rewarming after Bavi created a high pre-TC SST for Maysak; however, rewarming only occurred in the thin surface layer, leaving the water below still cold. For Haishen, the pre-TC SST remained low and the mixed layer was deeper, resulting in much weaker surface cooling despite its intensity being comparable to Maysak. This study enhances our understanding of the responses of stratified shelf waters to sequential TCs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19457,"journal":{"name":"Ocean Modelling","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 102548"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143895121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evaluating single-column thermodynamic sea ice models for simulating landfast ice in Prydz Bay, East Antarctica 评估模拟东南极洲Prydz湾陆冰的单柱热力学海冰模式

IF 3.1 3区地球科学

Ocean Modelling Pub Date : 2025-04-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.ocemod.2025.102559

Yang Liu , Peng Lu , Jiechen Zhao , Miao Yu , Bin Cheng , Lei Wang , Fei Xie , Puzhen Huo , Xuewei Li , Zhijun Li

{"title":"Evaluating single-column thermodynamic sea ice models for simulating landfast ice in Prydz Bay, East Antarctica","authors":"Yang Liu , Peng Lu , Jiechen Zhao , Miao Yu , Bin Cheng , Lei Wang , Fei Xie , Puzhen Huo , Xuewei Li , Zhijun Li","doi":"10.1016/j.ocemod.2025.102559","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ocemod.2025.102559","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To evaluate the contributions of different physical processes to sea ice thermodynamic simulation uncertainties, four single-column models were employed to simulate the growth and melting of landfast sea ice: high-resolution snow/ice model (HIGHTSI), energy-conserving model (BL99), mushy layer model (MUSHY), and 0-layer model (0LAYER). These simulations were forced by the observations obtained at Zhongshan Station and validated against in situ measurements collected between July and December 2015 in Prydz Bay, Antarctica. The results indicate that all the models exhibit significant biases in terms of the simulated snow depth because snow redistribution by wind is neglected, leading to errors in ice thickness simulations of more than 5 %. Shortwave radiation absorption parameterizations and sublimation processes crucially determine the onset timing of snowmelt. Among all the models, HIGHTSI results in the smallest ice thickness bias from the observations (0.04 m), which is attributed primarily to differences in snow thermal conductivity. This single factor causes BL99, MUSHY, and 0LAYER to simulate 7.3 % thinner ice than does HIGHTSI. Models incorporating coupled growth enthalpy and salinity (e.g., BL99) showed high sensitivity to initial salinity profiles. This study quantifies the relative importance of various physical processes in sea ice thermodynamics through comparing numerical simulations with in situ observations. The results clarify the feasibility of different models and provide solid references for model optimization in the future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19457,"journal":{"name":"Ocean Modelling","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 102559"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143891724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0