Brain Research Bulletin最新文献

{"title":"Expansion of white matter hyperintensities is associated with the glymphatic system dysfunction in cerebral small vessel disease","authors":"Bang Zeng ,&nbsp;Peng Zeng ,&nbsp;Yayun Xiang ,&nbsp;Yuling Peng ,&nbsp;Dan Luo ,&nbsp;Binglan Li ,&nbsp;Ying Chai ,&nbsp;Dan Wang ,&nbsp;Lisha Nie ,&nbsp;Yongmei Li","doi":"10.1016/j.brainresbull.2025.111391","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brainresbull.2025.111391","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To explore the relationship between the glymphatic system and various patterns of white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) in the early stages of cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD), as well as their impact on cognitive function.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The report included 84 patients with CSVD and 23 healthy controls (HCs). To comprehensively assess the impact of white matter hyperintensity volume (WMHV) and WMH counts, we introduced the mean WMHV (WMHV/count) as a new biomarker. Using a threshold of 0.1 for mean WMHV, we categorized participants into two groups to compare intergroup differences. The metrics of the glymphatic system included the index of diffusivity along the perivascular space (Analysis aLong the Perivascular Space [ALPS] index) and the fractional volume of free water (FW). Finally, we analyzed the correlations between imaging indicators and cognitive scales using linear regression models.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Compared to HC and Group 1 (mean WMHV ≤ 0.1), Group 2 (mean WMHV &gt; 0.1) exhibited a lower ALPS index and higher fractional volume of FW across various brain regions, including the whole brain (FW-ALL), white matter (FW-WM), basal ganglia (FW-BG), and hippocampus (FW-Hipp). In a correlation analysis, the mean WMHV showed significant correlations with FW-ALL, FW-WM, and FW-BG. Meanwhile, WMHV was only correlated with FW-BG. Furthermore, both FW-BG and the ALPS index were associated with Digit Symbol Substitution Test scores.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Mean WMHV can reflect the confluence and expansion of WMH and is closely associated with glymphatic system disfunction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9302,"journal":{"name":"Brain Research Bulletin","volume":"227 ","pages":"Article 111391"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144141395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alterations of white matter functional networks in pediatric drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy: A graph theory analysis study","authors":"Kexin Huang ,&nbsp;Yuxin Xie ,&nbsp;Haifeng Ran ,&nbsp;Jie Hu ,&nbsp;Yulun He ,&nbsp;Gaoqiang Xu ,&nbsp;Guiqin Chen ,&nbsp;Qiane Yu ,&nbsp;Xuhong Li ,&nbsp;Junwei Liu ,&nbsp;Heng Liu ,&nbsp;Tijiang Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.brainresbull.2025.111403","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brainresbull.2025.111403","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Neurological disorder can cause functional network changes in white matter (WM). However, changes in the WM functional network in children with drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy (DRTLE) require further clarification. Therefore, we combine graph theory with resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) and T₁-weighted imaging (T₁WI) to investigate the topological features of the WM network in children with DRTLE, discover potential biomarkers, and understand the underlying neurological mechanisms. We included 91 children (43 with DRTLE and 48 healthy controls), acquiring structural and functional MRI data to construct WM functional networks. Graph theory was applied to evaluate topological differences and their correlation with onset age, disease duration and cognitive measures. A Support Vector Machine model classified individuals with DRTLE based on WM connectivity, with accuracy validated through leave-one-out cross-validation. The global topological properties of the WM network in children with DRTLE were altered, manifesting as an imbalance between global integration and segregation Local nodal efficiency changes in the association fibers exhibited reduced information transfer and centrality at several nodes. Conversely, commissural and projection fibers displayed increased network properties. Cognitive metrics correlated with nodal disturbances. The classification model achieved 73.6 % accuracy and an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.744. This indicates that the WM functional network in DRTLE presents with anomalies in the topological attributes, which are associated with cognitive impairments. The WM functional connectivity may serve as valuable indicators for clinical classification of the condition. The insights provided have augmented our understanding of the complex neurological mechanisms involved in epilepsy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9302,"journal":{"name":"Brain Research Bulletin","volume":"227 ","pages":"Article 111403"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144139485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unraveling the neural dynamics of mathematical interference in english reading: A novel approach with deep learning and fNIRS data","authors":"Zhijie Liang ,&nbsp;Ling Wang ,&nbsp;Jianyu Su ,&nbsp;Bo Sun ,&nbsp;Daifa Wang ,&nbsp;Juan Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.brainresbull.2025.111398","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brainresbull.2025.111398","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>English has emerged as the predominant global language, driving efforts to optimize its acquisition through interdisciplinary cognitive research. While behavioral studies suggest a link between English learning and mathematical cognition, the neural mechanisms underlying this relationship remain poorly understood. To bridge this gap, the present study employs functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to construct a novel dataset on mathematical interference in English acquisition. Utilizing this dataset, a novel deep learning model named AC-LSTM is proposed, amalgamating Transformer and LSTM architectures to identify residual mathematical cognition during the English learning process. The AC-LSTM model achieves an exceptional accuracy rate of 99.8 %, surpassing other machine learning and deep learning models. Moreover, a multi-class classification experiment is conducted to discern algebra, geometry, and quantitative reasoning interference, with the AC-LSTM model achieving the highest accuracy of 75.9 % in this classification task. Furthermore, crucial brain channels for interference detection are pinpointed through grid search, and alterations in vital brain regions (R-Broca and L-Broca) are unveiled via association rule analysis. By integrating fNIRS, deep learning, and data mining techniques, this study delves into cognitive interference in English learning, providing valuable insights for educational neuroscience and data mining research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9302,"journal":{"name":"Brain Research Bulletin","volume":"227 ","pages":"Article 111398"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144130809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrative metabolomics and transcriptomics analysis of hippocampus reveals taurine metabolism and sphingolipid metabolism dysregulation associated with sleep deprivation-induced memory impairment","authors":"Ting Chen ,&nbsp;Junke Jia ,&nbsp;Chenyi Gao ,&nbsp;Qi Zhong ,&nbsp;Lijuan Tang ,&nbsp;Xiaokai Sui ,&nbsp;Shuang Li ,&nbsp;Chang Chen ,&nbsp;Zongze Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.brainresbull.2025.111397","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brainresbull.2025.111397","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sleep plays a crucial role in restoring and repairing the body, consolidating memory, regulating emotions, maintaining metabolic and so on. Sleep deprivation is known to impair cognitive functions. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms underlying memory impairment induced by sleep deprivation through a combined metabolomic and transcriptomic analysis of hippocampus. Eight-week-old mice were selected as the study subjects and the sleep deprivation chamber was used to establish a sleep deprivation model. Novel object recognition tests (NOR), and Y-maze tests were used to assess the behavioral outcomes in mice. The hippocampus were extracted and studied using the untargeted metabolomics or transcriptomics high-throughput sequencing method. An integrative analysis was conducted to elucidate the metabolic and genetic changes. Behavioral tests showed that sleep-deprived mice exhibited memory impairment. Metabolomic analysis identified 84 differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs), including 12 under the positive ion mode and 72 under the negative ion mode. The analysis revealed that sleep deprivation caused abnormalities in several metabolic pathways, with particularly pronounced effects observed in glycerophospholipid metabolism, linoieic acid metabolism, alanine, aspartate, glutamate metabolism, taurine and hypotaurine metabolism, and purine metabolism. While transcriptomic analysis releaved 97 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (51 were down-regulated and 46 were up-regulated DEGs). Integrative analysis of the metabolomic and transcriptomic identified profiles showed that sleep deprivation may regulate taurine and hypotaurine metabolism and sphingolipid metabolism, there by influencing memory. Our results prompt severe metabolic disturbances occur in the hippocampus with sleep deprivation in mice, which can provide a basis for the mechanism research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9302,"journal":{"name":"Brain Research Bulletin","volume":"227 ","pages":"Article 111397"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144132131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of changes in the interaction of cerebral cortex during the oral swallowing task","authors":"Yusi Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiuyu Li ,&nbsp;Jiaqiu Lin ,&nbsp;Xiaoyin Mao ,&nbsp;Yating Wu ,&nbsp;Huimin Hu ,&nbsp;Jiaxin Lin ,&nbsp;Yan Wang ,&nbsp;Huajun Yang ,&nbsp;Dongmei Fu ,&nbsp;Qingqing Zhang ,&nbsp;Yan Zhan","doi":"10.1016/j.brainresbull.2025.111399","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brainresbull.2025.111399","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The main swallowing activities in the oral phase include chewing and tongue movements. Cortical control is essential for the initiation and coordination of swallowing activities in the oral phase.</div></div><div><h3>Research purposes</h3><div>This study aims to further investigate whether there are differences neural mechanisms in cortical interactions underlying oral phase by simulating chewing and tongue movement.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study recruited 25 healthy adult participants, by functional magnetic resonance imaging to collect data in the Empty chewing task and Tongue-to-Palate posterior Retraction task. The Dynamic causal modelling and Parametric Empirical Bayes were used to analyze the best model and the effective connectivity between brain regions under different tasks.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In the Empty Chewing task, the primary motor cortex(M1) is the main driving input brain area with significant excitatory connectivity with the primary somatosensory cortex(S1) and supplementary motor area(SMA). However, in the Tongue-to-Palate posterior Retraction task, S1 becomes the main driving input brain area and maintains bidirectional connections with M1 and SMA, but S1 shows an inhibitory effect on SMA.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study reveals the differences in the interaction among brain regions during the oral swallowing activity. Results suggest M1 and SMA interaction is vital for the whole oral phase. M1 is a key brain region for Empty chewing task, while S1 is important for sensory feedback. S1 may inhibit SMA during the Tongue-to-Palate posterior Retraction task to aid swallowing and reduce interference with the pharyngeal swallowing action.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9302,"journal":{"name":"Brain Research Bulletin","volume":"227 ","pages":"Article 111399"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144132133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Control of methamphetamine-induced place preference behavior by the glutamatergic neural projections from IC to BLA in mice","authors":"Lei Xu ,&nbsp;Di Zhao ,&nbsp;Meiqin Wang ,&nbsp;Lihong Xu ,&nbsp;Yifan Cao ,&nbsp;Fantao Meng ,&nbsp;Jing Liu ,&nbsp;Zhao Di ,&nbsp;Wentao Wang ,&nbsp;Mengdi Zhang ,&nbsp;Chen Li ,&nbsp;Shujun Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.brainresbull.2025.111395","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brainresbull.2025.111395","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Drug addiction is closely related to the dysregulation of complex neural circuits. However, the specific neural pathways underlying methamphetamine (METH)-induced addiction remain unclear. First, we performed ∆FosB (Delta FBJ murine osteosarcoma viral oncogene homolog B)-mediated immunofluorescence and fiber photometry recording experiments to assess the neural activity of glutamatergic neurons in the insular cortex (IC) in METH-treated mice. Then, we evaluated the effect of activation or inhibition of glutamatergic neurons in IC on METH-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) behavior through chemogenetic manipulations. Finally, we used adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated neural tracing to verify the projections connectivity from IC to the basolateral amygdala (BLA), and investigated their blocking role in METH-induced CPP behavior using chemogenetic and neural ablation strategies. We found that glutamatergic neurons in the IC were activated by METH. Activation of these neurons enhanced METH-induced CPP behavior, whereas inhibition of their activity attenuated the CPP expression. Furthermore, we observed robust projections from IC neurons to the BLA. Activation of IC neurons projecting to the BLA enhanced METH-induced CPP behavior, whereas ablation of BLA neurons receiving projections from IC significantly impaired METH-mediated CPP performance. These results highlight the IC glutaminergic neurons are a major target of METH addiction, with the IC-BLA glutamatergic neural projection playing an important role in regulating METH-induced CPP behavior. This pathway may provide new insights into the pathophysiology of METH-induced addiction and serve as a potential target for therapeutic strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9302,"journal":{"name":"Brain Research Bulletin","volume":"227 ","pages":"Article 111395"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144132057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mapping the lung-brain axis: Causal relationships between brain network connectivity and respiratory disorders","authors":"Hua Guo ,&nbsp;Xiaohan Zhao ,&nbsp;Ke Han ,&nbsp;Yanqing Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.brainresbull.2025.111402","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brainresbull.2025.111402","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The mechanistic relationship between respiratory disorders and brain function remains poorly understood, despite growing evidence of cognitive and neurological manifestations in respiratory diseases. We aim to identify whether specific brain network connectivity patterns causally influence respiratory disease susceptibility, while respiratory conditions might reciprocally affect brain network architecture.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We performed bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses using genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of brain network connectivity from UK Biobank resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) data (N = 31,453) and GWAS data from ten major respiratory conditions: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), sleep apnea syndrome (SAS), lung squamous carcinoma (LUSC), lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC), hospitalized COVID-19, very severe COVID-19, and bronchiectasis. Five MR methods, inverse variance weighted (IVW) with multiplicative random-effect model, weighted median, weighted mode, MR Egger, and MR-robust adjusted profile score (MR-RAPS) were employed to ensure causal inference.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In forward analysis, five respiratory disorders - asthma, IPF, SAS, LUSC, and very severe COVID-19 - showed significant causal associations (<em>p</em> &lt; 1.31 ×10⁻⁴) with 11 rs-fMRI phenotypes, spanning multiple brain networks including the central executive, subcortical-cerebellum, motor, limbic, attention, salience, visual, and default mode networks. In reverse analysis, twelve brain functional networks demonstrated genetic associations with eight respiratory conditions (COPD, asthma, IPF, SAS, LUSC, SCLC, hospitalized COVID-19, and very severe COVID-19), predominantly involving attention, salience, default mode, visual, and central executive networks.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our study provides preliminary genetic evidence suggesting potential causal relationships between brain network connectivity and respiratory disorders, contributing to our understanding of the lung-brain axis. While the identification of disease-specific network alterations offers promising insights, further clinical validation is needed before these findings can be translated into therapeutic interventions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9302,"journal":{"name":"Brain Research Bulletin","volume":"227 ","pages":"Article 111402"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144132135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Atrial fibrillation-related ischemic stroke and cognitive impairment: Research progress on the characteristics and pathogenesis","authors":"Xinyi He ,&nbsp;Haixing Xiao ,&nbsp;Hui Guo,&nbsp;Yizhen Weng,&nbsp;Lulu Zhang,&nbsp;Qi Fang,&nbsp;Xiang Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.brainresbull.2025.111392","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brainresbull.2025.111392","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) is a significant neurological complication, affecting up to one-third of stroke survivors. Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most prevalent cardiac arrhythmia, significantly increasing the risk of ischemic stroke. Increasing evidence suggests that AF plays a pivotal role in exacerbating cognitive decline in stroke patients. This review integrates current clinical, imaging, and mechanistic findings to elucidate how AF-related strokes exacerbate cognitive decline through multiple overlapping pathways, including thromboembolism, neuroinflammation, atherosclerosis, cerebral hypoperfusion, cerebral small vessel disease, and silent infarctions. These processes collectively impair cerebrovascular integrity, induce neuronal damage, and accelerate brain aging. The review further evaluates the role of clinical and neuroimaging biomarkers as predictive tools and their utility in guiding therapeutic strategies. By integrating insights of the latest researches, we aim to provide a comprehensive framework for alleviating cognitive decline in patients with AF-related stroke and highlight future research directions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9302,"journal":{"name":"Brain Research Bulletin","volume":"227 ","pages":"Article 111392"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144126827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Therapeutic time window of sodium of Danshensu on cerebral ischemia and its mechanism of inhibiting oxidative stress and ferroptosis through Nrf2 pathway","authors":"Chao Guo ,&nbsp;Zhongying Ma ,&nbsp;Xingru Tao ,&nbsp;Kai Gao,&nbsp;Wei Zhang,&nbsp;Aidong Wen,&nbsp;Yi Ding,&nbsp;Jingwen Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.brainresbull.2025.111396","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brainresbull.2025.111396","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Sodium of Danshensu (SDSS), extract of <em>salvia miltiorrhiza root</em>, has been shown to have neuroprotective effects on ischemic stroke (IS) in our previous studies. However, its therapeutic time window and mechanism of action remain unclear. Ferroptosis exerts a crucial feature in the development and progression of IS. Nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) can positively regulate the transcription of Recombinant Solute Carrier Family 7, member 11 (SLC7A11) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX4) genes that combat lipid peroxidation in ferroptosis.</div></div><div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>The current study aimed to assess therapeutic time window of SDSS and the pharmacological mechanism involved in Nrf2-mediated oxidative stress and ferroptosis.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Mice with transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and HT22 cells with oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) were induced to simulate IS. Mice were administered SDSS at 1, 3, 6 or 9 h after MCAO to determine the therapeutic time window of SDSS. MicroRNA-seq was conducted to analyze differentially expressed genes in both the MCAO and the SDSS treatment group. The interaction between SDSS and Nrf2 was also investigated using molecular docking, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) experiments. Furthermore, the neuroprotection of SDSS was investigated in Nrf2-deficient mice to assess the activation mechanism of the Nrf2/GPX4 axis by SDSS. The biomarkers (Fe^2 + content, ROS, MDA, GSH, GSH/GSSG), mitochondrial structure, these proteins (Nrf2, SLC7A11, GPX4, FTH1, HO-1, ACSL4 and TFRC) expression were detected by commercial kits, transmission electron microscope (TEM) and Western blotting, respectively.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The therapeutic time window of SDSS should be within 6 hours after MCAO, beyond which SDSS cannot play a therapeutic role. SDSS played a neuroprotective affection in mice and HT22 cells by restraining ROS, MDA and Fe²⁺ content, elevating GSH level and GSH/GSSG ratio. At the molecular mechanism, SDSS can bind to Nrf2, improve Nrf2 activity and nuclear expression, further enhance SLC7A11, GPX4, FTH1, HO-1 expression and reduce ACSL4 and TFRC expression. However, the neuroprotective effects of SDSS and its effect on ferroptosis-related proteins were partially reversed in Nrf2-deficient mice.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The therapeutic time window of SDSS for ischemic stroke is relatively wide. The administration of SDSS can potentially mitigate brain damage through the inhibition of oxidative damage and ferroptosis, which is partly regulated by the Nrf2/GPX4 axis. Therefore, SDSS is a promising candidate for the treatment of ischemic stroke.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9302,"journal":{"name":"Brain Research Bulletin","volume":"227 ","pages":"Article 111396"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144116115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristic of motor-related cortical network during stimulating at the affected or bilateral limbs of stroke patients by acupuncture","authors":"Ziwen Yuan ,&nbsp;Fei Mao ,&nbsp;Zimo Liu ,&nbsp;Shubo Xing ,&nbsp;Liu Yang ,&nbsp;Wenping Wu ,&nbsp;Weiwei Xu ,&nbsp;Jingyuan Deng ,&nbsp;Gang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.brainresbull.2025.111393","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brainresbull.2025.111393","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The compensatory pattern between the two hemispheres after stroke has been the focus of research. Some evidence suggests bilateral stimulation more effectively engages networks across both hemispheres compared to the affected side only.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To explore whether the stimulating at bilateral limbs of stroke patients by acupuncture may better engage compensatory reorganization between the hemispheres compared to stimulating at the hemiplegic limb.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Conscious patients with hemiplegia were screened. Brain activity was assessed by the functional near-infrared spectroscopy(fNIRS) in three states: no treatment, acupuncture on the affected side, and then acupuncture on both sides. Brain activation and directed functional connectivity(FC) was analyzed between the two acupuncture strategies.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Acupuncture of bilateral limbs resulted in stronger activation in the primary motor cortex(M1) of the ipsilesional hemisphere than acupuncture of the affected side only. And no significantly enhanced activation of the contralesional hemisphere was observed after acupuncture on the healthy limb. Besides, the FCs from the ipsilesional premotor cortex to the contralesional sensory-related area were significantly enhanced, and the FCs from the sensory area to motor area within the ipsilesional hemisphere were also significantly enhanced. Additionally, FCs from contralesional M1 to ipsilesional motor area were attenuated.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Stimulating at bilateral limbs by acupuncture could lead to greater brain network remodeling in the motor-related areas compared to stimulating solely at the affected side, and not through more stimulation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9302,"journal":{"name":"Brain Research Bulletin","volume":"227 ","pages":"Article 111393"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144105534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}