Brain Research Bulletin最新文献

{"title":"Thymol improves ischemic brain injury by inhibiting microglia-mediated neuroinflammation","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.brainresbull.2024.111029","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brainresbull.2024.111029","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Microglia-mediated inflammation is a critical factor in the progression of ischemic stroke. Consequently, mitigating excessive microglial activation represents a potential therapeutic strategy for ischemic injury. Thymol, a monophenol derived from plant essential oils, exhibits diverse beneficial biological activities, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, with demonstrated protective effects in various disease models. However, its specific effects on ischemic stroke and microglial inflammation remain unexplored.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Rodent transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) model was established to simulate ischemic stroke. TTC staining, modified neurological function score (mNSS), and behavioral tests were used to assess the severity of neurological damage. Then immunofluorescence staining and cytoskeleton analysis were used to determine activation of microglia. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was utilized to induce the inflammatory response of primary microglia <em>in vitro</em>. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), western blot, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were performed to exam the expression of inflammatory cytokines. And western blot was used to investigate the mechanism of the anti-inflammatory effect of thymol.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>In this study, we found that thymol treatment could ameliorate post-stroke neurological impairment and reduce infarct volume by mitigating microglial activation and pro-inflammatory response (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α). Mechanically, thymol could inhibit the phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K), sink serine/threonine kinase (Akt), and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), thereby suppressing the activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Our study demonstrated that thymol could reduce the microglial inflammation by targeting PI3K/Akt/mTOR/NF-κB signaling pathway, ultimately alleviating ischemic brain injury. These findings suggest that thymol is a promising candidate as a neuroprotective agent against ischemic stroke.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9302,"journal":{"name":"Brain Research Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S036192302400162X/pdfft?md5=e32ba2f6e4ffb716e3a541499d4ad714&pid=1-s2.0-S036192302400162X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141619397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of acupuncture on ischemia/reperfusion injury: Unraveling the role of miR-34c-5p and autophagy activation","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.brainresbull.2024.111031","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brainresbull.2024.111031","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We have previously reported that the expression of miR-34c-5p was up-regulated during acupuncture treatment in the setting of a cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury (CIRI), indicating that miR-34c-5p plays an important role in healing from a CIRI-induced brain injury. This study sought to evaluate the effects of acupuncture on miR-34c-5p expression and autophagy in the forward and reverse directions using a rat focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion model. After 120 minutes of middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion, rats were treated with acupuncture at the \"Dazhui\" (DU20), \"Baihui\" (DU26) and \"Renzhong\" (DU14) points. Neurologic function deficit score, cerebral infarct area ratio, neuronal apoptosis and miR-34c-5p expression were evaluated 72 hr after treatment. The autophagy agonist RAPA and the antagonist 3MA were used to evaluate the neuro protective effects of autophagy-mediated acupuncture. We found that acupuncture treatment improved autophagy in the brain tissue of CIRI rats. Acupuncture reversed the negative effects of 3MA on CIRI, and acupuncture combined with RAPA further enhanced autophagy. We also found that acupuncture could increase miR-34c-5p expression in hippocampal neurons after ischemia/reperfusion. Acupuncture and a miR-34c agomir were able to enhance autophagy, improve neurologic deficits, and reduce the cerebral infarct area ratio and apoptosis rate by promoting the expression of miR-34c-5p. Silencing miR-34c resulted in a significantly reduced activating effect of acupuncture on autophagy and increased apoptosis, neurologic deficit symptoms, and cerebral infarct area ratio. This confirms that acupuncture can upregulate miR-34c-5p expression, which is beneficial in the treatment of CIRI.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9302,"journal":{"name":"Brain Research Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0361923024001643/pdfft?md5=d3114763641a61e6c02e28c4dd15b5fb&pid=1-s2.0-S0361923024001643-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141603303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect and mechanism of patchouli alcohol on cognitive dysfunction in AD mice induced by Aβ1–42 oligomers through AMPK/mTOR pathway","authors":"Li-Ting Lin ,&nbsp;Shu-Ting Zhang ,&nbsp;Bao-Ling Shang ,&nbsp;Yu-Qiong Dai ,&nbsp;Xiao-Qing Cheng ,&nbsp;Qing-Guang Wu ,&nbsp;Ruo-Ting Zhan ,&nbsp;Si-Jun Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.brainresbull.2024.111030","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brainresbull.2024.111030","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative brain disorder that progressively impairs long-term and working memory. The function and mechanism of PA(Patchouli alcohol) in improving AD in the external treatment of encephalopathy remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect of PA on AD using an Aβ_1–42 induced AD mouse model with LPS(Lipopolysaccharide) stimulation of BV2 microglial cells. Additionally, we aimed to explore the potential mechanism of PA in enhancing autophagy and reducing neuroinflammation through the AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase)<strong>/</strong>mTOR (Mammaliam target of rapamycin) signaling pathway. The Morris water maze was used to assess cognitive function, and cortical and hippocampal tissues were collected for further analysis of the corresponding signaling pathways and inflammatory changes through biological experiments. Our research findings demonstrate that PA has a significant positive impact on cognitive and memory impairments in mice that have been induced with Aβ_1–42-induced AD. Additionally, PA was also found to revert the activation of microglia induced by LPS. These effects may be attributed to the reduction of neuroinflammation and enhancement of the AMPK/mTOR autophagy pathway. Therefore, PA may serve as an effective therapeutic option to prevent or delay the progression of AD-associated memory dysfunction.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9302,"journal":{"name":"Brain Research Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0361923024001631/pdfft?md5=9ca68d5d164b42b58970d00ee797e9a7&pid=1-s2.0-S0361923024001631-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141598530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuropathological implication of high blood bilirubin in patients and model rats with depression","authors":"Yejun Gao ,&nbsp;Yian Ling ,&nbsp;Jing Li ,&nbsp;Yayun Xu ,&nbsp;Jinfang Ge ,&nbsp;Qingrong Xia","doi":"10.1016/j.brainresbull.2024.111028","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brainresbull.2024.111028","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>Elevated bilirubin levels have been associated with major depressive disorder (MDD); however, the exact impact of bilirubin on MDD and the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we explored the influence of bilirubin on MDD and sought to identify the mechanisms <em>via</em> which bilirubin induces depressive-like behavior.</p></div><div><h3>Patients and methods</h3><p>Forty patients who were diagnosed with MDD and received treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) were included, with 43 healthy volunteers serving as controls. Clinical symptoms were evaluated using Hamilton depression rating scale-24 (HAMD-24) and the Hamilton anxiety rating scale. Serum concentrations of total bilirubin (TBIL) and indirect bilirubin (IBIL) were measured at baseline and after treatment using an automated biochemical analyzer. The connection between clinical symptoms and TBIL or IBIL was examined using Pearson correlation. Chronic restraint stress (CRS) was employed to generate a rat model of depression. TBIL, IBIL in rat serum were measured by ELISA. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) contents in rat hippocampal tissues were quantified by flow cytometry. The levels of microglial markers and the extent of neuronal damage in the rat hippocampus were assessed by immunofluorescence and transmission electron microscopy, respectively.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Serum TBIL and IBIL levels were higher in patients with MDD than in the healthy controls. After treatment with SSRIs, the serum levels of TBIL and IBIL in MDD patients were significantly reduced. The levels of TBIL and IBIL were associated with HAMD-24 in MDD patients. Compared with the controls, the serum levels of TBIL, IBIL and the hippocampal ROS contents were elevated in CRS-exposed rats. Fluoxetine lowered inflammatory factor levels, mitigated oxidative stress.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Our findings indicate a possible correlation between elevated serum bilirubin and depressive symptoms. Increases in ROS levels, along with neuronal damage, may represent pathological mechanisms underlying MDD.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9302,"journal":{"name":"Brain Research Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0361923024001618/pdfft?md5=3afd713e1d6b6e5a0b3fc6dd5037c9f8&pid=1-s2.0-S0361923024001618-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141589675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"fMRI and gene therapy in adults with CNGB3 mutation","authors":"Elaine J. Anderson ,&nbsp;Tessa M. Dekker ,&nbsp;Mahtab Farahbakhsh ,&nbsp;Nashila Hirji ,&nbsp;D. Samuel Schwarzkopf ,&nbsp;Michel Michaelides ,&nbsp;Geraint Rees","doi":"10.1016/j.brainresbull.2024.111026","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brainresbull.2024.111026","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Achromatopsia is an inherited retinal disease that affects 1 in 30,000–50,000 individuals and is characterised by an absence of functioning cone photoreceptors from birth. This results in severely reduced visual acuity, no colour vision, marked sensitivity to light and involuntary oscillations of the eyes (nystagmus). In most cases, a single gene mutation prevents normal development of cone photoreceptors, with mutations in the CNGB3 or CNGA3 gene being responsible for ∼80 % of all patients with achromatopsia. There are a growing number of studies investigating recovery of cone function after targeted gene therapy. These studies have provided some promise for patients with the CNGA3 mutation, but thus far have found limited or no recovery for patients with the CNGB3 mutation. Here, we developed colour-calibrated visual stimuli designed to isolate cone photoreceptor responses. We combined these with adapted fMRI techniques and pRF mapping to identify if cortical responses to cone-driven signals could be detected in 9 adult patients with the CNGB3 mutation after receiving gene therapy. We did not detect any change in brain activity after gene therapy when the 9 patients were analysed as a group. However, on an individual basis, one patient self-reported a change in colour perception, corroborated by improved performance on a psychophysical task designed to selectively identify cone function. This suggests a level of cone sensitivity that was lacking pre-treatment, further supported by a subtle but reliable change in cortical activity within their primary visual cortex.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9302,"journal":{"name":"Brain Research Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S036192302400159X/pdfft?md5=6e80b185a651ce8bbda0467f96f403cf&pid=1-s2.0-S036192302400159X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141544541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in animal models of Parkinson's disease","authors":"Sui He,&nbsp;Qin Ru,&nbsp;Lin Chen,&nbsp;Guodong Xu,&nbsp;Yuxiang Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.brainresbull.2024.111024","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brainresbull.2024.111024","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Parkinson's disease is a complex neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive movement impairments. Predominant symptoms encompass resting tremor, bradykinesia, limb rigidity, and postural instability. In addition, it also includes a series of non-motor symptoms such as sleep disorders, hyposmia, gastrointestinal dysfunction, autonomic dysfunction and cognitive impairment. Pathologically, the disease manifests through dopaminergic neuronal loss and the presence of Lewy bodies. At present, no significant breakthrough has been achieved in clinical Parkinson's disease treatment. Exploring treatment modalities necessitate the establishment of scientifically sound animal models. In recent years, researchers have focused on replicating the symptoms of human Parkinson's disease, resulting in the establishment of various experimental animal models primarily through drugs and transgenic methods to mimic relevant pathologies and identify more effective treatments. This review examines traditional neurotoxin and transgenic animal models as well as α-synuclein pre-formed fibrils models, non-human primate models and non-mammalian specie models. Additionally, it introduces emerging models, including models based on optogenetics, induced pluripotent stem cells, and gene editing, aiming to provide a reference for the utilization of experimental animal models and clinical research for researchers in this field.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9302,"journal":{"name":"Brain Research Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0361923024001576/pdfft?md5=74c0fcccc7f0e84d88af696d36681cae&pid=1-s2.0-S0361923024001576-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141537590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatiotemporal alterations in the brain oscillations of Arctic explorers","authors":"Yong-Bo Hu ,&nbsp;Jing Lu ,&nbsp;Hong-Xia Li ,&nbsp;Craig S. Anderson ,&nbsp;Zhong-Min Liu ,&nbsp;Bei Zhang ,&nbsp;Jun-Jie Hao","doi":"10.1016/j.brainresbull.2024.111027","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brainresbull.2024.111027","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The limited understanding of the physiology and psychology of polar expedition explorers has prompted concern over the potential cognitive impairments caused by exposure to extreme environmental conditions. Prior research has demonstrated that such stressors can negatively impact cognitive function, sleep quality, and behavioral outcomes. Nevertheless, the impact of the polar environment on neuronal activity remains largely unknown.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>In this study, we aimed to investigate spatiotemporal alterations in brain oscillations of 13 individuals (age range: 22–48 years) who participated in an Arctic expedition. We utilized electroencephalography (EEG) to record cortical activity before and during the Arctic journey, and employed standardized low resolution brain electromagnetic tomography to localize changes in alpha, beta, theta, and gamma activity.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Our results reveal a significant increase in the power of theta oscillations in specific regions of the Arctic, which differed significantly from pre-expedition measurements. Furthermore, microstate analysis demonstrated a significant reduction in the duration of microstates (MS) D and alterations in the local synchrony of the frontoparietal network.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Overall, these findings provide novel insights into the neural mechanisms underlying adaptation to extreme environments. These findings have implications for understanding the cognitive consequences of polar exploration and may inform strategies to mitigate potential neurological risks associated with such endeavors. Further research is warranted to elucidate the long-term effects of Arctic exposure on brain function.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9302,"journal":{"name":"Brain Research Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0361923024001606/pdfft?md5=0036e3ca140fdc05f380a9406974a280&pid=1-s2.0-S0361923024001606-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141544542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects and mechanisms of AM1241 in alleviating cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury","authors":"Shipeng Li ,&nbsp;Ping Yang ,&nbsp;Zhenghan Wu ,&nbsp;Wenqiang Huang ,&nbsp;Xiaofeng Zhu ,&nbsp;Lianmei Zhong","doi":"10.1016/j.brainresbull.2024.111025","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brainresbull.2024.111025","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>Research has shown that cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI) involves a series of physiological and pathological mechanisms, including inflammation, oxidative stress, and cell apoptosis. The cannabinoid receptor 2 agonist AM1241 has been found to have anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative stress effects. However, it is unclear whether AM1241 has a protective effect against brain ischemia-reperfusion injury, and its underlying mechanisms are not yet known.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative stress, and anti-apoptotic effects of AM1241 and its mechanisms in BV2 cells stimulated with H₂O₂ and in a C57BL/6 mouse model of CIRI <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em>, respectively.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p><em>In vitro</em>, AM1241 significantly inhibited the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the increase in Toll-like receptor 4/myeloid differentiation protein 2 (MD2/TLR4) complex induced by H₂O₂. Under H₂O₂ stimulation, MD2 overexpression resulted in increased levels of MD2/TLR4 complex, TNF-α, IL-6, NOX2, BAX, and Cleaved-Caspase3 (C-Caspase3), as well as the activation of the MAPK pathway and NF-κB, which were reversed by AM1241. In addition, molecular docking experiments showed that AM1241 directly interacted with MD2. Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) experiments further confirmed the binding of AM1241 to MD2. <em>In vivo</em>, AM1241 significantly attenuated neurofunctional impairment, brain edema, increased infarct volume, oxidative stress levels, and neuronal apoptosis in CIRI mice overexpressing MD2.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Our study demonstrates for the first time that AM1241 alleviates mouse CIRI by inhibiting the MD2/TLR4 complex, exerting anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative stress and anti-apoptotic effects.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9302,"journal":{"name":"Brain Research Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0361923024001588/pdfft?md5=5a3c7e4798b2316fac466f216e64c2aa&pid=1-s2.0-S0361923024001588-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141533603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disorder of consciousness related pattern could distinguish minimally conscious state from unresponsive wakefulness syndrome: A F-18-FDG-PET study","authors":"Zhijie He ,&nbsp;Rongrong Lu ,&nbsp;Jingjie Ge ,&nbsp;Yihui Guan ,&nbsp;Ying Chen ,&nbsp;Gang Liu ,&nbsp;Hongyu Xie ,&nbsp;Yulong Bai ,&nbsp;Yi Wu ,&nbsp;Junfa Wu ,&nbsp;Jie Jia","doi":"10.1016/j.brainresbull.2024.111023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brainresbull.2024.111023","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Accurate evaluation of level of disorder of consciousness (DOC) is clinically challenging.</p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>This study aimed to establish a distinctive DOC-related pattern (DOCRP) for assessing disease severity and distinguishing unresponsive wakefulness syndrome (UWS) from minimally conscious state (MCS).</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Fifteen patients with DOC and eighteen health subjects with F-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (F-18-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) were enrolled in this study. All patients were assessed by Coma Recovery Scale-Revised (CRS-R) and all individuals were randomly divided into two cohorts (Cohort A and B). DOCRP was identified in Cohort A and subsequently validated in Cohort B and A+B. We also assessed the discriminatory power of DOCRP between MCS and UWS.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The DOCRP was characterized bilaterally by relatively decreased metabolism in the medial and lateral frontal lobes, parieto-temporal lobes, cingulate gyrus and caudate, associated with relatively increased metabolism in the cerebellum and brainstem. DOCRP expression exhibited high accuracy in differentiating DOC patients from controls (<em>P&lt;0.0001</em>, AUC=1.000), and furthermore could effectively distinguish MCS from UWS (<em>P=0.037</em>, AUC=0.821, sensitivity: 85.7 %, specificity: 75.0 %). Particularly in the subgroup of DOC patients survived global hypoxic-ischemic brain injury, DOCRP expression exhibited even better discriminatory power between MCS and UWS (<em>P=0.046</em>, AUC=1.000).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>DOCRP might serve as an objective biomarker in distinguishing between UWS and MCS, especially in patients survived global hypoxic-ischemic brain injury.</p></div><div><h3>Trial registration number</h3><p>ChiCTR2300073717 (Chinese clinical trial registry site, <span>http://www.chictr.org</span><svg><path></path></svg>)</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9302,"journal":{"name":"Brain Research Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0361923024001564/pdfft?md5=0ad4202711da3caf25d897c39e2bf46d&pid=1-s2.0-S0361923024001564-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141533602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contingent magnetic variation and beta-band oscillations in sensorimotor temporal decision-making","authors":"Lu Guo ,&nbsp;Ming Bao ,&nbsp;Zhifei Chen ,&nbsp;Lihan Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.brainresbull.2024.111021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brainresbull.2024.111021","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The ability to accurately encode the temporal information of sensory events and hence to make prompt action is fundamental to humans’ prompt behavioral decision-making. Here we examined the ability of ensemble coding (averaging multiple inter-intervals in a sound sequence) and subsequent immediate reproduction of target duration at half, equal, or double that of the perceived mean interval in a sensorimotor loop. With magnetoencephalography (MEG), we found that the contingent magnetic variation (CMV) in the central scalp varied as a function of the averaging tasks, with a faster rate for buildup amplitudes and shorter peak latencies in the “half” condition as compared to the “double” condition. ERD (event-related desynchronization) -to-ERS (event-related synchronization) latency was shorter in the ”half” condition. A robust beta band (15–23 Hz) power suppression and recovery between the final tone and the action of key pressing was found for time reproduction. The beta modulation depth (i.e., the ERD-to-ERS power difference) was larger in motor areas than in primary auditory areas. Moreover, results of phase slope index (PSI) indicated that beta oscillations in the left supplementary motor area (SMA) led those in the right superior temporal gyrus (STG), showing SMA to STG directionality for the processing of sequential (temporal) auditory interval information. Our findings provide the first evidence to show that CMV and beta oscillations predict the coupling between perception and action in time averaging.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9302,"journal":{"name":"Brain Research Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0361923024001540/pdfft?md5=5221130e46371206b918afdcb41613bd&pid=1-s2.0-S0361923024001540-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141466317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}