BMC Microbiology最新文献

{"title":"Direct identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of microorganisms from positive blood culture bottles using a membrane filtration method.","authors":"Tsui-Ping Liu, Hui-Fang Wu, Pai-Ling Chang","doi":"10.1186/s12866-025-04337-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12866-025-04337-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Bloodstream infections (BSIs) are a major cause of morbidity and mortality globally. Rapid and accurate pathogen identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) are crucial for timely and effective treatment. Conventional blood culture (BC) workflows are time-consuming, typically requiring 18-48 h. Although integrating matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) with direct AST protocols is promising, certain limitations remain. Therefore, we aimed to establish a faster and more reliable method for the direct identification and AST of microorganisms from positive BC bottles using a membrane filtration-based protocol.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The membrane filtration-based method achieved an overall identification success rate of 76.5%. Rates were highest for Gram-negative bacteria (88.1%), followed by anaerobes (80.0%), Gram-positive cocci (70.2%), and Gram-positive bacilli (43.8%). Yeast identification was unsuccessful. AST results showed strong concordance with those from the conventional method, with essential agreement (EA) exceeding 95% across all groups. For Gram-negative bacteria, EA was 98% and categorical agreement (CA) was 95.4%, with 3.6%, 0.5%, and 0.5% minor, major, and very major errors, respectively. EA and CA were 96.1% and 94.2% for Gram-positive cocci, and 95.5% and 93.4% for Streptococcus spp.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The membrane filtration-based method, effective for Gram-negative bacteria, reduced turnaround time by 10-12 h compared to conventional workflows. Further optimization can improve accuracy for Gram-positive bacteria and yeast, offering a promising, streamlined workflow to enhance BSI diagnostics and guide targeted antimicrobial therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":9233,"journal":{"name":"BMC Microbiology","volume":"25 1","pages":"606"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12492815/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145211752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of bacteriophages PAA and PAM and evaluation of their antibiotic synergy against Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAZMYU isolated from urine sample.","authors":"Aneela Nawaz, Nauman Ahmed Khalid, Alina Majid, Muqaddas Shahzadi, Sabeena Zafar, Muhammad Ismail Khan, Nasir Khan, Ali Khalid, Aamer Ali Shah, Malik Badshah, Samiullah Khan","doi":"10.1186/s12866-025-04195-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12866-025-04195-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Antibiotic resistance has been attributed to both the overuse of current drugs and the lack of availability of newer drugs due to stringent regulatory requirements and reduced commercial incentives. Novel alternative therapies, such as phage treatments, have demonstrated promising outcomes in clinical trials, indicating their potential for treating recalcitrant infections in the future. The objective of this study was to isolate and characterize bacteriophages against a uropathogenic strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of combining sub-inhibitory concentrations of cefepime and meropenem with the isolated bacteriophages. The isolated phages were designated PAA and PAM, both exhibiting icosahedral heads and long non-contractile tails. Both phages maintained stability within Limited pH and temperature ranges. The optimal adsorption times for PAA and PAM were 10 and 20 min, respectively, with PAA demonstrating a short latent time and burst size of 47, while PAM exhibited a burst size of 83. The optimal multiplicity of infection for PAA was 1, and for PAM was 0.1. PAA demonstrated efficacy against 40% of the tested strains of P. aeruginosa, while PAM was effective against 64%. Both phages remained stable at subinhibitory concentrations of cefepime and meropenem and when employed with sub-inhibitory concentrations of cefepime and meropenem, exhibited synergistic effects against planktonic bacterial cells and demonstrated efficacy in both biofilm inhibition and eradication.</p>","PeriodicalId":9233,"journal":{"name":"BMC Microbiology","volume":"25 1","pages":"605"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12492957/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145211769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vibrio spp.: a potential critical pathogen for mammals with implications beyond marine aquaculture.","authors":"Chengzhang Li, Yiting Ji, Xinying Li, Jingting Cai, Juntao Ye, Yuqi Wu, Qinghong Liao, Ziyan Wang, Edmond Sanganyado, Ping Li, Yajing Sun, Bo Liang, Wenhua Liu","doi":"10.1186/s12866-025-04284-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12866-025-04284-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Species-specific or health status specific microbiome composition of cetaceans is still poorly classified due to the limited samples. Despite a partial identification of the gut microbiota of melon-headed whales (Peponocephala electra), comparative analyses across anatomical systems are lacking. This study provides the first comprehensive analysis of the microbial communities habiting nine body sites - oral cavity, esophagus, foregut, midgut, hindgut, blowhole, and skin wounds (left anterior, dorsal fin, tail) - in a stranded melon-headed whale.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>By 16 S rRNA gene sequencing, a decrease in microbial richness was observed from the oral cavity to the hindgut, accompanied by compositional shifts from Fusobacterium-dominated oral/esophageal niches to Vibrio-enriched gastrointestinal regions (21.81% Vibrio, 21.19% Fusobacterium, 12.50% Actinobacillus). The respiratory tract microbiota underwent a significant shift and was dominated by Ostreibacterium (57.5%), Helcococcus (6.59%), and Tenacibaculum (4.12%). Skin wounds showed environmental similarities, with Vibrio (47.84%), Pseudoalteromonas (17.84%), and Psychrobacter (12.36%). Pan-microbiome screening identified seven Vibrio species (V. alginolyticus, V. cidicii, V. cyclitrophicus, V. navarrensis, V. parahaemolyticus, V. salilacus, and V. splendidus) across all niches, along with V. cholerae in non-respiratory samples. Notably, V. profundi was exclusively localized to anterior and dorsal fin wounds. Functional profiling revealed enrichment of Vibrio-linked pathogenesis pathways (infection, pathogenic cycle) and metabolic modules that were correlated with immunocompromised states.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study revealed significant bidirectional environment-host microbiome exchange dynamics across cetacean mucosal surfaces. Notably, Vibrio spp. emerged as the dominant genus in both gastrointestinal and cutaneous wound microbiomes, highlighting: (1) potential zoonotic transmission risks from pathogenic Vibrio strains, and (2) the critical need for habitat-specific microbial surveillance to inform marine mammal conservation strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":9233,"journal":{"name":"BMC Microbiology","volume":"25 1","pages":"598"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12492875/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145211786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revealing the potential value of urine microbiota in ureteral stent encrustation after renal transplantation via Illumina sequencing of 16S rRNA genes.","authors":"Juan Chen, Wenjun Song, Shi Yan, Long He, Qing Liu","doi":"10.1186/s12866-025-04307-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12866-025-04307-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The complication of ureteral stent encrustation (USE) has brought many challenges and troubles to clinical treatment after renal transplantation. The aim of this study was to explore the microbiota that may be involved in the formation and progression of encrustation in ureteral stents.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In total, 15 patients with ureteral stent non-encrustation (USNE) after renal transplantation and 18 patients with USE after renal transplantation were included in this study. The urine microbiota was analyzed by 16 S rRNA gene sequencing, followed by composition analysis, difference analysis and PICRUSt function prediction. In addition, random forest classification diagnostic models were constructed based on urine microbiota.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared to the USNE-U group, the microbial community diversity, evenness, and coverage of the USE-U group were significantly reduced. At the phylum level, Actinobacteriota, Patescibacteria and Desulfobacterota may be the important microbiota involved in the formation of USE. At the genus level, Staphylococcus, Escherichia-Shigella, Dermabacter, Corynebacterium and Streptococcus may play an important role in USE. The functions of microbiota that may be involved in USE formation were also discovered, such as defense mechanisms, amino acid transport and metabolism, and L-rhamnose degradation I. In addition, the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) result showed that the classification model had excellent diagnostic accuracy in detecting USE.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results of this study suggest that urine microbiota may be closely related to the formation of USE, which provides a new perspective for understanding the pathogenesis of USE, which may contribute to early clinical diagnosis and treatment of USE.</p>","PeriodicalId":9233,"journal":{"name":"BMC Microbiology","volume":"25 1","pages":"615"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12492672/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145211865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Control of sweet potato Fusarium wilt and black rot by endophytic Bacillus velezensis with improved lipopeptide production.","authors":"Ju Gyeong Lee, Jung-Hwan Ji, Sojung Ryu, Jeong-Woong Park, Narayan Chandra Paul, Soyoon Park, Seonghun Im, Gui Hwan Han, Hyunkyu Sang","doi":"10.1186/s12866-025-04334-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12866-025-04334-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) production is threatened by fungal diseases like Fusarium wilt and black rot, causing yield losses. Remedies like fungicides pose environmental and health risks, prompting the need for sustainable biocontrol solutions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this study, an endophytic bacterium strain CMML21-49 isolated from sweet potato roots in Naju-si, Korea exhibited strong in vitro antifungal activity against Fusarium oxysporum, Ceratocystis fimbriata, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, and Rhizoctonia solani. Based on 16S rRNA and gyrB gene sequencing, the strain CMML21-49 was identified as Bacillus velezensis. Lipopeptides (bacillomycin D, fengycin A, surfactin A) were identified by UPLC-QTOF-MS and these crude lipopeptides drove the antifungal effects, achieving strong inhibition of F. oxysporum and C. fimbriata. Optimized culture conditions yielded 0.93 g/L lipopeptides, scaled to 0.96 g/L in a 1.5 kL fermenter, and a spray-dried formulation maintained high viability (6.4-8.9 × 10¹⁰ CFU/g) over six weeks at 4-54℃. Application of CMML21-49 reduced F. oxysporum and C. fimbriata diseased areas in storage root assays and showed 61.54% and 53.85% control efficiencies against Fusarium wilt and black rot, respectively, in field trials. Additionally, postharvest assays achieved over 50% disease reduction by treatment of the strain.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study presents optimized large scale culture conditions for the B. velezensis strain as well as excellent storage stability and suitability for long-term transport and on-farm use. The findings highlight the B. velezensis strain as a promising and sustainable biocontrol agent, offering a scalable, eco-friendly biocontrol solution for sweet potato fungal diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":9233,"journal":{"name":"BMC Microbiology","volume":"25 1","pages":"603"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12492898/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145211700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Salivary mycobiome diversity at different stages of human immunodeficiency virus infection.","authors":"Lu Lin, Wenshan Duan, Yixi Yu, Yan Wang, Jie Cao, Yuchen Li, Xintong Sun, Shuo Wen, Xin Wang, Zhen Fang, Ying Guo, Qingsong Jiang","doi":"10.1186/s12866-025-04285-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12866-025-04285-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The oral cavity is a common site for fungal infections in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA), yet reports on oral mycobiome alterations remain limited. This study aimed to analyze differences in mycobiome diversity and community composition in the saliva of PLWHA at different infection stages.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Non-stimulated whole saliva samples were collected from 63 HIV-infected/AIDS patients, who were divided into four groups based on the CDC staging criteria (stage 0, n = 10; stage 1, n = 13; stage 2, n = 24; stage 3, n = 16), as well as from 24 HIV-negative individuals. Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) sequencing was employed to analyze species diversity and community composition differences, and correlations at the genus level with CD4⁺ T cell counts and HIV blood viral load (BVL) were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At the operational taxonomic unit (OTU) level, the alpha diversity of the mycobiome community in the HIV-positive groups exhibited a gradual decline as the disease progressed, with the lowest Shannon index in HIV stage 3 (p < 0.05 vs. other groups). At the phylum level, all groups were predominantly composed of Ascomycota, followed by Basidiomycota. At the genus level, Candida was the predominant genus in all groups, with its abundance increasing to varying degrees in HIV stages 1, 2, and 3 compared to the HIV-negative control group (HIV_neg), showing significant differences in stage 1 (p = 0.006 vs. HIV_neg), stage 2 (p < 0.05 vs. HIV_neg), and stage 3 (p < 0.001 vs. HIV_neg). The most pronounced increase was observed in stage 3, while non-dominant species were relatively reduced. Correlation analysis showed that Debaryomyces and Talaromyces were positively associated with CD4⁺ T cell counts. These genera may play a role in immune regulation during HIV progression and warrant further functional analysis. Whereas Penicillium showed a significant negative correlation with BVL, indicating its abundance may decrease with higher viral loads.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The oral fungal microecology undergoes dynamic changes with HIV progression. In stage 3, there appears to be a noticeable increase in Candida, accompanied by a relative decrease in other normally present non-dominant fungal species, potentially resulting in opportunistic fungal infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":9233,"journal":{"name":"BMC Microbiology","volume":"25 1","pages":"593"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12492769/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145211785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The evolution of the multidrug-resistant and globally distributed ST2 Acinetobacter baumannii in China.","authors":"Guili Zhang, Yuan Zhou, Bin Yan, Changbu Wu, Yanxian Yang, Tian Qiu, Ji Wu, Shu'an Wen, Yuan Chen, Xue Deng, Guo-Bao Tian, Lan-Lan Zhong","doi":"10.1186/s12866-025-04346-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12866-025-04346-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9233,"journal":{"name":"BMC Microbiology","volume":"25 1","pages":"618"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12492905/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145211789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prophylactic efficacy of probiotics and their metabolites against Staphylococcus epidermidis.","authors":"Anna Phan, Kanchan Thapa, Muhammad Abrar Hashmi, Aditi Mohapatra, Gwendolyn Ho, Grisham Narayan Tholan, Debabrata Biswas","doi":"10.1186/s12866-025-04382-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12866-025-04382-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Staphylococcus epidermidis is a prevalent common microorganism found on the skin of most mammals, including humans. However, S. epidermidis is also known as an opportunistic pathogen that can cause diseases if the skin microbiome becomes skewed to favor its overgrowth. This situation can be worsened if the causative strains are antibiotic-resistant. To explore potential alternatives to replace conventional antibiotics, we aim to use probiotics, specifically Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, in controlling the growth, colonization, and biofilm formation of a multidrug-resistant S. epidermidis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Multidrug-resistant S. epidermidis was co-cultured with either L. rhamnosus or L. plantarum, and antimicrobial activity was assessed by counting S. epidermidis colonies at various timepoints. Under co-culture conditions, growth of S. epidermidis was decreased over time in the presence of either probiotic, specifically, a significant reduction was observed after 48 hours (p=0.0062). Additionally, S. epidermidis was treated with cell-free culture supernatant (CFCS) collected from probiotics to investigate the mechanism of inhibition. CFCS from 72-hour Lactobacilli cultures significantly inhibited S. epidermidis growth within 4 hours (p<0.05), and no S. epidermidis was detected after 72 hours (p=0.0003) when treated with 50% CFCS. Both CFCSs also reduced biofilm formation and bacterial counts after 24 hours, with complete inhibition by 48 h. Gene expression analysis revealed that exposure to CFCS led to downregulation of S. epidermidis genes associated with metabolism and cell division (arcC, gts, mutS, mur1, and ftsZ). Fluorescence microscopy indicated compromised cell wall integrity, evidenced by reduced HADA fluorescence and increased propidium iodide staining.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>L. plantarum and L. rhamnosus possess strong antimicrobial activity against multidrug-resistantS. epidermidis, supporting their potential as alternative strategies to control S. epidermidis colonization.</p>","PeriodicalId":9233,"journal":{"name":"BMC Microbiology","volume":"25 1","pages":"621"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12492936/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145211834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of different land use on functional genes of soil microbial carbon and phosphorus cycles in the desert steppe zone of the Loess Plateau.","authors":"Weijie Jin, Yubao Zhang, Xuesi Su, Zhongkui Xie, Ruoyu Wang, Yajun Wang, Yang Qiu, Yuhui He","doi":"10.1186/s12866-025-04305-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12866-025-04305-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Desert grassland ecosystems on China's Loess Plateau are characterized by diverse land use types and varying human disturbances. We aimed to evaluate how land use influences soil microbial communities and functional genes related to carbon (C) and phosphorus (P) cycling. To do this, we selected five representative land use types: natural grassland, 20-year abandoned farmland, 12-year alfalfa grassland, 5-year Lanzhou lily farmland, and 17-year Platycladus orientalis forest. High-throughput metagenomic sequencing and soil physicochemical analyses were conducted. Proteobacteria dominated the nutrient-rich lily soil, while Actinobacteria were more abundant in the other soils. Available phosphorus (AP) had the strongest influence on microbial community structure and gene composition (p < 0.01). The relative abundance of ppdK, rpiB, glpX, and epi (C fixation genes), and purS (purine metabolism) was significantly higher in forest soil than in abandoned farmland (p < 0.05). Similarly, forest soil showed elevated levels of mttB and acs (methanogenesis), sdhA (TCA cycle), pstS (P transport), and pps (pyruvate metabolism) compared to alfalfa soil. Lily soil exhibited significantly higher abundance of acr genes (involved in the hydroxypropionate-hydroxybutylate cycle) and phnE (an ATP-binding cassette transporter) than natural grassland and alfalfa soils (p < 0.05). Microbial networks involved in C and P cycling were simpler but more functionally specialized in forest soil. Positive microbial interactions related to C and P cycling were strongest in lily soil. These findings provide important insights into soil microbial functional adaptation and offer a foundation for sustainable land use management on the Loess Plateau.</p>","PeriodicalId":9233,"journal":{"name":"BMC Microbiology","volume":"25 1","pages":"607"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12492547/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145211698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Infections and genetic diversity of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia spp. in small wild mammals on the Eastern Tibetan plateau: public health implications.","authors":"Qingqiu Zuo, Zhuoma Bianba, Chuizhao Xue, Hua Liu, Xiaoxue Peng, Hao Zhou, Xiaocheng Zhang, Quan Chen, Mengqing Li, Yang Yang, Yan Zhou, Jianping Cao, Jianhai Yin, Xu Wang, Yujuan Shen","doi":"10.1186/s12866-025-04363-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12866-025-04363-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cryptosporidium and Giardia are protozoan parasites that cause significant diarrheal diseases. Small mammals are potential reservoirs for their zoonotic transmission. The Tibetan Plateau alpine ecosystem harbors diverse and abundant small wild mammals, but their roles in the transmission of Cryptosporidium and Giardia remain inadequately studied.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Field sampling was conducted in Shiqu County, Sichuan Province, on the eastern Tibetan Plateau, in 2023. Small wild mammals were captured and morphologically identified. Fecal DNA was screened for Cryptosporidium and Giardia with nested-PCR targeting the small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) gene and the beta-giardin (bg) gene, respectively. Positive DNA samples were sequenced and analyzed phylogenetically. Differences in prevalence were assessed with the chi-square test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 336 small wild mammals were collected, dominated by Neodon fuscus (175/336, 52.1%) and Ochotona curzoniae (106/336, 31.5%). Cryptosporidium infection was detected in 22.3% (75/336) of the small mammals, with marginally higher prevalence in N. fuscus (44/175, 25.1%) than in O. curzoniae (17/106, 16.0%; χ² = 3.220, p = 0.073). Six species/genotypes were identified: zoonotic C. suis (n = 25) and C. canis (n = 6), and non-zoonotic muskrat genotype II (n = 26), yak genotype (n = 10), muskrat genotype I (n = 4), and Cryptosporidium sp. MT524977 (n = 4). The overall prevalence of Giardia was 8.3% (28/336), with similar prevalence in N. fuscus (17/175, 9.7%) and O. curzoniae (10/106, 9.4%, χ² = 0.006, p = 0.938). Non-zoonotic G. microti (n = 3) and four unclassified Giardia spp.: Giardia sp. OR770651 (n = 13), Giardia sp. PQ604631 (n = 7), Giardia sp. MG676959 (n = 3), and Giardia sp. OP963933 (n = 2) were identified. Neodon fuscus harbored greater Giardia diversity (all five Giardia spp.) than O. curzoniae (only Giardia sp. OR770651).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study demonstrates a high Cryptosporidium prevalence in small wild mammals on the eastern Tibetan Plateau, suggesting potential zoonotic risks to humans and livestock. Giardia exhibited host-specific infection patterns, indicating possible niche adaptation that warrants further investigation. These findings expand the host range and geographic distribution of these parasites and help elucidate their transmission dynamics in alpine ecosystems.</p>","PeriodicalId":9233,"journal":{"name":"BMC Microbiology","volume":"25 1","pages":"616"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12492625/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145211695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}