BMC Microbiology最新文献

{"title":"From soil to surface water: exploring Klebsiella 's clonal lineages and antibiotic resistance odyssey in environmental health.","authors":"Sara Araújo, Vanessa Silva, Micaela Quintelas, Ângela Martins, Gilberto Igrejas, Patricia Poeta","doi":"10.1186/s12866-025-03798-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12866-025-03798-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the last decade, the presence of resistant bacteria and resistance genes in the environment has been a cause for increasing concern. However, understanding of its contribution to the spread of bacteria remains limited, as the scarcity of studies on how and under what circumstances the environment facilitates the development of resistance poses challenges in mitigating the emergence and spread of mobile resistance factors. Antimicrobial resistance in the environment is considered one of the biggest challenges and threats currently emerging. Thus, monitoring the presence of antibiotic-resistant species, in this particular case, Klebsiella spp., in the environment can be an added value for understanding the epidemiology of infections caused by Klebsiella spp.. Investigating soils and waters as potential reservoirs and transmission vehicles for these bacteria is imperative. Therefore, in this review, we aimed to describe the main genetic lineages present in environmental samples, as well as to describe the multidrug resistance strains associated with each environmental source. The studies analyzed in this review reported a high diversity of species and strains of Klebsiella spp. in the environment. K. pneumoniae was the most prevalent species, both in soil and water samples, and, as expected, often presented a multi-resistant profile. The presence of K. pneumoniae ST11, ST15, and ST147 suggests human and animal origin. Concerning surface waters, there was a great diversity of species and STs of Klebsiella spp. These studies are crucial for assessing the environmental contribution to the spread of pathogenic bacteria.</p>","PeriodicalId":9233,"journal":{"name":"BMC Microbiology","volume":"25 1","pages":"97"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11866855/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143514649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Therapeutic Efficacy of MS473, a Fully Human Single-Chain Variable Fragment Targeting Staphylococcus aureus Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin-1, in a D-Galactosamine-Sensitized Mouse Model of Lethal Shock.","authors":"Fatemeh Rahimi-Jamnani, Hamid Reza Moradi, Abolfazl Fateh, Masoumeh Azizi, Farzaneh Nazari, Mahdieh Soezi, Seyed Davar Siadat","doi":"10.1186/s12866-025-03825-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12866-025-03825-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1), produced by Staphylococcus aureus, is one of the most potent superantigens involved in causing life-threatening TSS and contributes to the onset of some autoimmune diseases. To this end, we have previously identified a fully human single-chain variable fragment antibody (scFv), MS473, exhibiting high binding affinity and specificity for TSST-1 and demonstrating in vitro neutralization activity. In the present study, the therapeutic activity of MS473 was assessed in a D-galactosamine-sensitized mouse model of lethal shock. D-galactosamine-sensitized mice were injected with TSST-1 and then received a single dose of MS473 intraperitoneally (15 mg per kg of mouse body weight) after five minutes or intravenously (3 mg per kg of mouse body weight) after 10 min. The survival rate was examined for seven days. Furthermore, blood samples from different groups of mice were subjected to biochemical assessment, and their kidneys and livers were analyzed histopathologically 24 h after the toxin injection. The findings demonstrated a 100% survival rate with no significant damage to kidney and liver function in the treated groups, receiving MS473 through two different administration routes compared to the control groups, including the toxin-injected mice receiving normal saline or an unrelated scFv. Targeting disseminated TSST-1 with the scFv, which has appropriate permeability and distribution throughout the body, may be an effective way to alleviate the malfunctioning of the immune system caused by TSST-1.</p>","PeriodicalId":9233,"journal":{"name":"BMC Microbiology","volume":"25 1","pages":"95"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11863401/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143514581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diversity of endophytic bacteria in Paris Polyphylla var. yunnanensis and their correlation with polyphyllin content.","authors":"Qing Shu, Liping Ruan, Yuying Wu, Lin Jin, Jing Wang, Anzhong Peng, Haifeng Li, Siman Gu","doi":"10.1186/s12866-025-03814-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12866-025-03814-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis (PPY) is commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine formulas and folk families. Nearly more than 100 chemical substances with medicinal values have been reported in PPY, among which steroidal saponins are the main active components. Due to its long growth cycle, the resource of PPY has become too scarce, and the current production capacity of PPY is still far from meeting the market demand. Numerous studies have shown that endophytic bacteria not only promote the production of secondary metabolites in the host plant, but some of them are also able to produce the same secondary metabolites as the host. However, little is known about the endophytic bacteria associated with PPY in different geographic conditions and tissues. In order to compare the endophytic bacterial communities associated with PPY in different geographic conditions and plant tissues, the endophytic bacteria from roots, stems, and leaves of PPY collected from five locations were isolated, and the diversity, richness, and homogeneity of bacterial communities were analyzed, and the dominant genera correlation with polyphyllin content was further investigated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 268 endophytic bacterial strains were isolated and identified from PPY. The experimental results showed that the isolates belonged to 5 phyla, 7 classes, 14 orders and 39 genera of bacteria, of which the dominant order was Bacillariophyta and the dominant genera were Bacillus, Pseudomonas and Agrobacterium. In general, the differences in the distribution pattern and diversity of endophytic bacteria in PPY were characterized by the highest diversity and richness index of endophytic bacterial communities in Er yuan Qisheng (QS) and the highest evenness index in Dali Fengyi (FY). The diversity, richness and evenness of bacterial communities in terms of tissue state showed a hierarchical pattern of root > stem > leaf. The three optimal genera were positively correlated with polyphyllin content.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The distribution pattern and diversity of endophytic bacteria in PPY were influenced by tissue type and habitat. In addition, three endophytic bacteria (Pseudomonas, Bacllius and Agrobacterium) were positively correlated with the content of polyphylin.</p>","PeriodicalId":9233,"journal":{"name":"BMC Microbiology","volume":"25 1","pages":"93"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11863604/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143514664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of the BadR regulon in Borrelia burgdorferi.","authors":"Sierra George, Zhiming Ouyang","doi":"10.1186/s12866-025-03797-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12866-025-03797-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of Lyme disease, relies on tightly coordinated gene expression to quickly adapt and survive in the tick vector and mammalian host. BadR, an ROK (repressor, open reading frame, kinase) family transcriptional regulator, binds directly to B. burgdorferi promoter DNA, however, many questions concerning the role for BadR in gene regulation remain unanswered. In particular, there are conflicting reports concerning what genes are regulated by BadR in B. burgdorferi. Furthermore, previous studies have suggested important roles for BadR in unfed ticks, but the BadR regulon has not been defined under such conditions. Additionally, although BadR regulates rpoS expression in a growth phase-dependent manner, it remains unknown whether BadR regulates other genes during different growth phases.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>To address these questions, we cultivated a B. burgdorferi badR mutant and wild-type strain under various conditions and analyzed the transcriptome using RNA-sequencing. When spirochetes were grown at 37 °C and collected at the mid-logarithmic and stationary phase of growth, 211 and 272 genes were differentially expressed in the badR mutant, respectively. A total of 79 genes were differentially expressed when spirochetes were grown at 23 °C. A vast majority of genes identified in this study encode proteins of unknown function.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Complex transcriptional regulation mechanisms coordinate the expression of genes required for the survival of B. burgdorferi throughout its tick-mammal enzootic lifecycle. As part of this process, BadR functions as a global regulatory protein and regulates B. burgdorferi virulence gene expression. Combined, this work supports a role for BadR in global B. burgdorferi gene regulation by modulating expression of different sets of genes at different stages of the enzootic lifecycle. We anticipate that investigating the function of genes in the BadR regulon will lead to the identification of novel virulence factors for therapeutic and vaccine development.</p>","PeriodicalId":9233,"journal":{"name":"BMC Microbiology","volume":"25 1","pages":"94"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11863449/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143514718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights into diversity, host-range, and temporal stability of Bacteroides and Phocaeicola prophages.","authors":"Nejc Stopnisek, Stina Hedžet, Tomaž Accetto, Maja Rupnik","doi":"10.1186/s12866-025-03827-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12866-025-03827-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Phages are critical components of the gut microbiome, influencing bacterial composition and function as predators, parasites, and modulators of bacterial phenotypes. Prophages, integrated forms of these phages, are prevalent in many bacterial genomes and play a role in bacterial adaptation and evolution. However, the diversity and stability of prophages within gut commensals, particularly in the genera Bacteroides and Phocaeicola, remain underexplored. This study aims to screen and characterize prophages in these genera, providing insights into their diversity, host range, and temporal dynamics in the human gut.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Using a combination of three bioinformatic tools-Cenote-Taker 3, Vibrant, and PHASTER-we conducted a comprehensive analysis of prophages in Bacteroides and Phocaeicola. Cenote-Taker 3 identified the most diverse set of prophages, with significant overlaps observed between the tools. After clustering high-quality prophages, we identified 22 unique viral operational taxonomic units (vOTUs). Notably, comparisons between prophages identified in isolated bacterial genomes, metaviromes, and large public gut virome databases revealed a broader host range than initially observed in single isolates. Certain prophages were consistent across time points and individuals, suggesting temporal stability. All identified prophages belonged to the Caudoviricetes class and contained genes related to antibiotic resistance, toxin production, and metabolic processes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The combined use of multiple prophage detection tools allowed for a more comprehensive assessment of prophage diversity in Bacteroides and Phocaeicola. The identified prophages were not only prevalent but also exhibited broad host ranges and temporal stability. The presence of antibiotic resistance and toxin genes suggests that these prophages may significantly influence bacterial community structure and function in the gut, with potential implications for human health. These findings highlight the importance of using diverse detection tools to accurately assess prophage diversity and dynamics.</p>","PeriodicalId":9233,"journal":{"name":"BMC Microbiology","volume":"25 1","pages":"92"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11863486/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143514670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization and genome analysis of novel Klebsiella pneumoniae phage vbKpUKJ_2 isolated from hospital sewage water.","authors":"Kamran Ahmad Mirza, Tinatini Tchatchiashvili, Mike Marquet, Sandor Nietzsche, Mathias W Pletz, Oliwia Makarewicz","doi":"10.1186/s12866-025-03813-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12866-025-03813-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Klebsiella pneumoniae is a critical healthcare challenge due to its extensive resistance to antibiotics and role in causing severe infections. Bacteriophages offer a promising alternative for targeting MDR pathogens. This study characterizes a novel phage, vbKpUKJ_2, isolated from hospital sewage water, against clinical K. pneumoniae isolates.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Phage vbKpUKJ_2 was isolated and purified using the double agar overlay method. Host range and sensitivity were tested against 40 clinical K. pneumoniae isolates using growth inhibition assays. Morphological characterization was performed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Genomic analysis was conducted to evaluate the absence of antibiotic resistance genes and determine phylogenetic relationships. Stability assays assessed the phage's thermal and pH tolerance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Phage vbKpUKJ_2 demonstrated broad range activity against clinical K. pneumoniae isolates. TEM revealed it belongs to the Drexlerviridae family. Genomic analysis confirmed the absence of antibiotic resistance genes and identified conserved functional regions shared with related phages. vbKpUKJ_2 exhibited broad pH stability (pH 4-10) and thermal stability between 30 °C and 60 °C. The one-step growth curve indicated rapid lytic activity, with a burst size of 323 phage particles per cell.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>vbKpUKJ_2 shows promising therapeutic potential against MDR K. pneumoniae. Its stability, absence of resistance genes, and rapid lytic cycle highlight its suitability for inclusion in phage therapy protocols, particularly as part of combination therapies targeting MDR infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":9233,"journal":{"name":"BMC Microbiology","volume":"25 1","pages":"96"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11863478/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143514476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphologic changes in the model tintinnid Schmidingerella (Alveolata, Ciliophora) during the cell cycle, including the first volumetric analyses of the lorica-forming material.","authors":"Sabine Agatha, Birgit Weißenbacher, Laura Böll, Maximilian H Ganser","doi":"10.1186/s12866-025-03780-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12866-025-03780-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Tintinnids are marine planktonic ciliates with tube-shaped or vase-shaped loricae (shells). During the cell cycle, lorica-forming material (LFM) is generated and accumulates in the proter (anterior division product). After transverse fission, the proter leaves the lorica and subsequently secretes the material, creating its own shell, while the opisthe (posterior division product) retains the parental one. The timing of material production and its final quantity are unknown.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our study focussed on Schmidingerella Agatha & Strüder-Kypke, 2012, a model tintinnid genus with transparent, champagne flute-shaped loricae. Protargol-stained field material from the Chesapeake Bay on the Northwest Atlantic provided detailed insights into the morphologic changes, including the LFM production, during the cell cycle. We defined five division stages based on features of the opisthe's newly forming membranellar zone (oral primordium) recognisable both in live and fixed material. The start of LFM production in middle dividers and its intracellular distribution matched the findings obtained from monoclonal, methyl blue-eosin-stained culture material from the Northeast Pacific, in which the LFM was volumetrically analysed. Just before fission, the LFM occupied on average 6.7% of the cell volume. The wall volume of the finished lorica estimated by a shape function was at least 4.5-fold larger than the volume of the intracellular material.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The LFM is generated only during a certain period of the cell cycle, i.e., in early middle to late dividers. The difference in volume between the initially secreted LFM and the finished lorica wall suggests that significant structural changes take place in the material during lorica formation.</p>","PeriodicalId":9233,"journal":{"name":"BMC Microbiology","volume":"25 1","pages":"88"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11853588/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143499254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and Trichoderma longibrachiatum alter the transcriptome of Vicia villosa in response to infection by the fungal pathogen Stemphylium vesicarium.","authors":"Tingting Ding, Wei Feng, Meiting Bai, Lijun Gu, Tingyu Duan","doi":"10.1186/s12866-025-03778-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12866-025-03778-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Leaf spot caused by Stemphylium vesicarium is a severe disease of Vicia villosa and first reported in 2019. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and Trichoderma are common beneficial microorganisms in soil that enhance plant resistance to pathogens. This study established a greenhouse experiment to examine the physiological and transcriptomic changes of V. villosa that were co-inoculated with the AMF Sieverdingia tortuosa and Trichoderma longibrachiatum to determine their effects on the development of resistance to disease.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Infection by the pathogen reduced the shoot biomass of V. villosa. Individual inoculation or co-inoculation with AMF and T. longibrachiatum reduced the severity of disease and promoted defense-related reactions, such as the production of salicylic acid (SA), activity of phenylalanine ammonia lyase and chitinase. Inoculation of Trichoderma alone or in combination with AMF significantly increased the content of SA of the diseased V. villosa by 12.23% and 12.80%, respectively. Treatment with AMF alone significantly increased the chitinase activity of susceptible V. villosa by 6.4% compared with V. villosa only infected with S. vesicarium. Gene ontology terms that related to plant disease resistance, such as upregulated \"Defense response\", \"Peroxidase activity\", and \"Signal acceptor activity\", were significantly enriched in diseased plants that had been inoculated with S. tortuosa and T. longibrachiatum. However, they were not significantly enriched in susceptible plants that had not been inoculated with S. tortuosa and T. longibrachiatum. The expression of the genes that were involved in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways \"Isoflavonoid biosynthesis\" and \"Flavone and flavonol biosynthesis\" and were related to disease defense was upregulated.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Both of T. longibrachiatum and AMF exhibit significant potential in managing leaf spot disease caused by S. vesicarium in V. villosa. The mechanism includes the increased SA content as well as the expression of pathogen defense-related genes in plant. T. longibrachiatum alone and combined with AMF resulted in a significant increase in SA levels. Furthermore, AMF also significantly up-regulated the expression of NPR1-related genes, which are integral to systemic acquired resistance. Our findings underscore the efficacy of T. longibrachiatum and AMF as potential biological control agents, providing a promising strategy for the management of leaf spot disease in V. villosa.</p>","PeriodicalId":9233,"journal":{"name":"BMC Microbiology","volume":"25 1","pages":"86"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11853896/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143499309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contribution of fepA_sm, fciABC, sbaA, sbaBCDEF, and feoB to ferri-stenobactin acquisition in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia KJ.","authors":"Ting-Yu Yeh, Hsu-Feng Lu, Li-Hua Li, Yi-Tsung Lin, Tsuey-Ching Yang","doi":"10.1186/s12866-025-03792-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12866-025-03792-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, an opportunistic pathogen, is ubiquitously distributed in the environment. In response to iron-depletion stress, S. maltophilia synthesizes the sole catecholate-type siderophore, stenobactin, for ferric iron acquisition. FepAsm, a TonB-dependent transporter (TBDT), is the sole known outer membrane receptor responsible for ferri-stenobactin uptake in S. maltophilia K279a. However, S. maltophilia KJ and its isogenic fepA mutant displayed comparable ability to utilize FeCl₃ as the sole iron source for growth in iron-depleted conditions, suggesting the involvement of additional TBDT in ferri-stenobactin uptake in the KJ strain. Here, we aimed to determine additional TBDT required for ferri-stenobactin uptake and the post-TBDT ferri-stenobactin transport system in the KJ strain.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>Twelve TBDTs, whose expression were significantly upregulated in 2,2'-dipyridyl-treated KJ strain, were selected as candidates for ferri-stenobactin uptake. The involvement of these selected candidates in ferri-stenobactin acquisition was investigated using deletion mutant construction and FeCl₃ utilization assay. Among the 12 TBDTs tested, FepAsm, FciA, and SbaA were the TBDTs for ferri-stenobactin uptake in KJ strain. Because fciA is a member of fciTABC operon, the involvement of fciTABC operon in ferri-stenobactin uptake was also investigated. Of the fciTABC operon, fciA, fciB and fciC, but not fciT, contributed to ferri-stenobatin acquisition. SbaE is the homolog of FepD/FepG, the inner membrane transporters for ferri-enterobactin in E. coli; therefore, sbaBCDEF operon was selected as a candidate for the post-TBDT transport system of ferri-stenobactin. All proteins encoded by sbaBCDEF operon participated in ferri-stenobactin acquisition. Due to the contribution of the putative periplasmic esterase SbaB to ferri-stenobactin acquisition, FeoB, a ferrous iron inner membrane transporter, was included as a candidate and proved to be involved in ferri-stenobactin acquisition. Accordingly, contributions of feoB and sbaE to ferri-stenobactin acquisition illustrated that ferric and ferrous iron could be transported across the inner membrane via SbaE and FeoB, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>FepAsm, fciABC, sbaA, sbaBCDEF, and feoB contribute to ferri-stenobatin acquisition in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia KJ.</p>","PeriodicalId":9233,"journal":{"name":"BMC Microbiology","volume":"25 1","pages":"91"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11852561/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143499248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eradication of Helicobacter pylori reshapes gut microbiota and facilitates the evolution of antimicrobial resistance through gene transfer and genomic mutations in the gut.","authors":"Meiqi Zhao, Yunlong Zhang, Shuangqing Liu, Fengmei Wang, Peng Zhang","doi":"10.1186/s12866-025-03823-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12866-025-03823-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Treating Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection requires large quantities of antibiotics, thus dramatically promoting the enrichment and dissemination of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in feces. However, the influence of H. pylori eradication on the AMR mobility and the gut microbiota evolution has yet to be thoroughly investigated. Here, a study involving 12 H. pylori-positive participants was conducted, and the pre- and post- eradication fecal samples were sequenced. Metagenomic analysis revealed that the eradication treatment drastically altered the gut microbiome, with the Escherichia and Klebsiella genera emerging as the predominant bacteria. Interestingly, the eradication treatment significantly increased the relative abundance and diversity of resistome and mobilome in gut microbiota. Eradication of H. pylori also enriched AMR genes (ARGs) conferring resistance to antibiotics not administered because of the co-location with other ARGs or mobile genetic elements (MGEs). Additionally, the Escherichia and Klebsiella genera were identified as the primary bacterial hosts of these highly transferable ARGs. Furthermore, the genomic variations associated with ARGs in Escherichia coli (E. coli) caused by the eradication treatment were profiled, including the parC, parE, and gyrA genes. These findings revealed that H. pylori eradication promoted the enrichment of ARGs and MGEs in the Escherichia and Klebsiella genera, and further facilitated bacterial evolution through the horizontal transfer of ARGs and genomic variations.</p>","PeriodicalId":9233,"journal":{"name":"BMC Microbiology","volume":"25 1","pages":"90"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11853306/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143499251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}