BMC Microbiology最新文献

{"title":"Incidence of toxigenic Bacillus cereus in ready-to-eat fermented foods in Osogbo, Nigeria: a potential health risk.","authors":"Oluwafemi Bamidele Daramola, Richard Kolade Omole, Tomiwa Olumide Adesoji, Alabi Peter Dare, Ifeoluwa Victoria Daramola, Nana Aishat Yusuf-Omoloye, Aduragbemi Chukwuwem Emmanuel, Oluwawemimo Precious Owoeye, Adedotun Emmanuel Adekola, Nkem Torimiro","doi":"10.1186/s12866-026-05416-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12866-026-05416-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bacillus cereus (B. cereus) is one of several foodborne pathogens that continue to threaten the safety of ready-to-eat (RTE) foods, including fermented foods. A few studies have identified the presence of enterotoxigenic gene-encoding B. cereus in several southwestern states of Nigeria. However, Osun State remains the only southwestern state without data on the potential presence of enterotoxigenic gene-encoding B. cereus. In this study, a preliminary investigation was carried out using a convenience sampling method at three highly patronized locations (Shasha, Orisumbare, and Oja-Oba) of RTE fermented foods in Osogbo, Nigeria. Thirty-two samples comprising six varieties of RTE fermented foods (pap, iru, gari, fufu, kunu, and soy wara) were collected and analyzed for Bacillus species. Recovered Bacillus species were subjected to hemolysis test. Hemolytic Bacillus species were screened for enterotoxin gene operons (nheABC and hblACD) and antibiotic susceptibility. A total of 33 Bacillus species were recovered from the RTE fermented foods, among which four showed hemolytic properties. Furthermore, PCR screening showed three Bacillus isolates encoding nhe genes, and two encoding both nhe and hbl genes. 16 S rRNA nucleotide sequencing identified the three isolates as B. cereus. The three B. cereus isolates were resistant to β-lactam antibiotics (penicillin, cefadroxil, cefoxitin, and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid), trimethoprim, and fusidic acid; however, they were susceptible to gentamicin, linezolid, and chloramphenicol, and had a multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index of 0.64. This study identified the presence of enterotoxigenic genes in B. cereus recovered from RTE fermented foods sold in Osogbo, Nigeria, a potential food safety risk that requires in-depth surveillance.</p>","PeriodicalId":9233,"journal":{"name":"BMC Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13644172/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148429752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbiome changes associated with FMT-mediated clearance of antibiotic-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in a murine carriage model.","authors":"Shaqed Carasso, Tal Gefen, Rozan Bakria, Haggai Bar-Yoseph, Naama Geva-Zatorsky","doi":"10.1186/s12866-026-05354-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12866-026-05354-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE), including Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP), pose a significant public health threat due to their resistance to last-line antibiotics. Eliminating CRE colonization in asymptomatic carriers is crucial to prevent the spread of resistance, as carriage often serves as a reservoir that enables the transmission of resistant strains to vulnerable populations. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has emerged as a potential strategy to restore gut microbiome balance and eliminate CRE colonization. However, the mechanisms driving successful decolonization warrant further research. This study investigates the impact of FMT on gut microbiome composition, CRE-KP clearance and host response, in a mouse model of CRE-KP carriage. Mice colonized with CRE-KP, were treated with FMT or left untreated. Shotgun metagenomics of fecal samples were used to monitor changes in microbiome composition and function. FMT resulted in substantial changes in the gut microbiome, with successful clearance correlating with an expansion of commensal bacteria including Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus species. Notably, a reduction in K. pneumoniae was also observed in some untreated control mice as the microbiome recovered naturally, also associated with Bifidobacterium expansion. Phage profiling revealed distinct viral populations that were associated with successful decolonization. Flow cytometry was employed to quantify bacterial populations bound by immunoglobulins, providing insight into host immune modulation. These findings suggest potential mechanisms for CRE carriage eradication using microbiome targeted therapies. The results emphasize the importance of microbiome resilience in combating antibiotic-resistant infections and suggest that phage-microbiome interactions could play a role in restoring microbial balance.</p>","PeriodicalId":9233,"journal":{"name":"BMC Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13679127/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148435055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tracing and characterization of a family outbreak of subtype B2 botulism linked to homemade pickled eggs in Jinan, China.","authors":"Wen Cui, Chuanmin Ma, Xichen Wang, Jishan Zhang, Lin Zhou, Jian Li, Xia Luo, Hui Sun, Xuefang Xu, Hui Liu","doi":"10.1186/s12866-026-05390-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12866-026-05390-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Foodborne botulism (FB) results from the ingestion of food contaminated with botulinum neurotoxin. Here, we report a family outbreak of foodborne botulism caused by Clostridium botulinum subtype B2 linked to homemade pickled eggs. On August 13, 2024, the Jinan Center for Disease Control and Prevention and the Shanghe County Center for Disease Control and Prevention collaborated to investigate an outbreak of botulism poisoning related to a family gathering in Shanghe County, Jinan City. A total of 4 people attended the family gathering, three of whom developed clinical symptoms of botulism after consuming pickled eggs. The diagnosis of botulism was suspected through collaborative efforts by the Qilu Medical Prevention and Control Innovation Integration Mechanism and multidisciplinary consultations across multiple hospitals. We detected the bont gene using real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) in Jinan CDC, determined the toxin serotype by mouse bioassay (MBA) in China CDC and performed whole-genome sequencing of bacterial strains isolated from patient feces, the homemade pickled eggs and soil in both laboratories. It was shown that the toxin type and bont gene were subtype B2, belonging to the ha gene cluster. The Clostridium botulinum strains isolated from two patients were closely related to the strains from the homemade pickled eggs through whole-genome single nucleotide polymorphism analysis. We also found that Clostridium botulinum strains from soil clustered into one branch with those from patients and food, suggesting that the source of Clostridium botulinum contamination may be from soil, although the contamination pathway was not clear. Importantly, our findings provided a basis for clinical antitoxin treatment, in which one patient successfully gave birth after recovery. These results underscore the importance of strengthening public education about the health risks associated with consuming homemade fermented or preserved foods and enhancing the laboratory detection capabilities.</p>","PeriodicalId":9233,"journal":{"name":"BMC Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13520148/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148435100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbiological and physicochemical quality of locally processed agro-food products in Burkina Faso: assessing post-production supply chain vulnerabilities.","authors":"Adama Pamba Séré, Hiliassa Coulibaly, Sandaogo Sawadogo, Edwige Noëlle Roamba, Abdoudramane Sanou, Kabakdé Kaboré, Roger Dakuyo, Nabèrè Ouattara, Kiessoun Konaté, Mamoudou Hama Dicko","doi":"10.1186/s12866-026-05376-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12866-026-05376-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Locally processed agro-food products are central to West African diets, infant and complementary feeding, local entrepreneurship and access to culturally appropriate foods. Post-production handling, packaging, transport, storage and retail exposure may compromise microbial and physicochemical quality. This study assessed ten locally processed agro-food products marketed in Burkina Faso and evaluated product-specific post-production supply-chain vulnerabilities at the retail level.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirty samples were collected, comprising three independent batches of each of the following products: infant pearl millet-soy-peanut flour (P1), fortified infant flour (P2), instant multi-cereal porridge (P3), dehydrated attiéké (P4), dried mango (P5), natural honey (P6), cottonseed cooking oil (P7), hibiscus juice (P8), Moringa oleifera leaf powder (P9) and roasted cashew nuts (P10). All continuous variables were z-score standardized prior to multivariate analysis. Principal component analysis (PCA) retained two components explaining 76.9% of total variance (PC1: 53.3%; PC2: 23.6%). The highest post-production vulnerability composite index (PPVCI) scores were observed for Moringa oleifera leaf powder (P9, rank 1) and hibiscus juice (P8, rank 2); intermediate profiles were identified for infant flours (P1, rank 3) and multi-cereal porridge (P3, rank 4); and the lowest profiles were recorded for honey (P6), cottonseed oil (P7) and roasted cashew nuts (P10).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study provides baseline evidence for targeted quality-assurance interventions. Priority actions include: strengthened hygiene control during drying, milling and packaging; improved moisture-proof packaging for powders and dried products; cold-chain and water-quality control for hibiscus juice; oxidative stability monitoring for oil and lipid-rich products; and enhanced surveillance of infant foods and nutritional supplements. Future studies should incorporate mycotoxin screening and molecular confirmation methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":9233,"journal":{"name":"BMC Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13560229/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148435073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation and genomic analysis of otomycosis pathogens, and genomics-informed antimicrobial peptide design with potential therapeutic applications.","authors":"Wenguang Shi, Jiahao Hu, Qingru Jiang, Yingxiang Xu, Rongjie Li, Huihui Xu, Gaoyang Zhang, Zixuan Cui, Ruiyue Ouyang, Wenxuan Wu, Yujie Li, Haiyu Hong, Xiangyu Mou, Wenjing Zhao, Shuli Chou","doi":"10.1186/s12866-026-05305-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12866-026-05305-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Fungal infections are increasingly recognized as a major public health challenge, and superficial diseases such as otomycosis remain clinically consequential because persistence, recurrence, and treatment failure are common when the causative species and susceptibility profile are not clearly defined. However, otomycosis associated isolates are often insufficiently characterized at the genomic level. Furthermore, the development of antifungal candidates, particularly for short antimicrobial peptides, remains heterogeneous in terms of the integration of efficacy, biosafety, and mechanistic endpoints.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Here, we combined clinical otoscopy and cerumen culture with whole genome sequencing and multi-database annotation of an otomycosis derived Aspergillus terreus AT-1 isolate, including targeted analyses of cytochrome P450 families, secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters, curated pathogenicity resources, and antimicrobial/antibiotic resistance signatures. Then, we rationally designed five C-terminally amidated, phenylalanine based short peptides with controlled physicochemical parameters and assessed antifungal activity by broth microdilution MIC assays against A. terreus AT-1 and yeast pathogens, complemented by hemolysis testing and propidium iodide based flow cytometry and microscopy to evaluate membrane permeabilization.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Otoscopy was consistent with otomycosis, and culture yielded colonies identified as A. terreus AT-1 from the affected ear but not from recovered controls. Genome annotation defined a functionally diverse repertoire spanning metabolism, transport, secondary metabolism, pathogenicity linked features, and a structured resistance gene landscape. The peptide panel showed measurable antifungal activity with distinct hemolysis profiles, and peptide C3 increased A. terreus AT-1 conidial membrane permeability.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Overall, this study establishes an integrated and reproducible workflow that couples clinical isolation and genome resolved characterization of an otomycosis associated A. terreus AT-1 isolate with biosafety aware, mechanism informed triage of phenylalanine based short peptides.</p>","PeriodicalId":9233,"journal":{"name":"BMC Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13640352/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148429721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond the boundaries of microbial diversity in radioactive environments: novel microbial species isolated from a former silver-uranium mine's radon-saturated waters.","authors":"Gabriela Kapinusova, Kunal Jani, Petr Pajer, Alena Filipova, Pavel Ulbrich, Tomas Cajthaml, Michal Strejcek, Jachym Suman, Ondrej Uhlik","doi":"10.1186/s12866-026-05379-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12866-026-05379-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Svornost mine in Jáchymov (Joachimstahl), Czech Republic, historically the world's first radium mine and formerly a silver-uranium mine, is currently the deepest facility exploiting radon-saturated waters. These geologically ancient waters, approximately 13,000 years old, exhibit unique physicochemical properties and are generally considered inhospitable to life. Nevertheless, they harbor phylogenetically and evolutionarily distinct microorganisms. A previous culturomic survey yielded nine Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, aerobic bacterial isolates. In this study, a polyphasic taxonomic approach, including 16S rRNA gene phylogeny, core-genome analyses, and comparisons of genome indices such as average nucleotide identity (ANI), average amino acid identity (AAI), and percentage of conserved proteins (POCP), together with physiological and chemotaxonomic characterization, confirmed the taxonomic novelty at species level of these nine strains. The novel strains span five bacterial classes (α-, β-, and γ-Proteobacteria, Cytophagia, and Flavobacteriia) and eight genera, and are herein proposed as Hymenobacter abyssi J193^T (= DSM 113871^T =CCM 9301^T), Rhizobacter abyssi J219^T (= DSM 113781^T =CCM 9293^T), Aquabacterium abyssi J223^T (= DSM 113847^T =CCM 9303^T), Aquincola abyssi J276^T (= DSM 113828^T =CCM 9294^T), Flavobacterium abyssi J372^T (= DSM 113872^T =CCM 9299^T), Phenylobacterium abyssi J367^T (= DSM 113838^T =CCM 9302^T), Phenylobacterium fontinale J426^T (= DSM 113839^T =CCM 9296^T), Mesorhizobium abyssi J428^T (= DSM 114114^T =CCM 9297^T) and Pseudomonas fontinalis J452^T (= DSM 113783^T =CCM 9298^T). These findings highlight the potential of radon-saturated ancient waters as a source of novel microbial diversity, offering insights into the evolution of bacteria under extreme, spatially isolated environmental conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":9233,"journal":{"name":"BMC Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13670492/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148435003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distribution of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (blaSHV, blaTEM, blaCTX-M) and AmpC β-lactamases -encoding genes among second- and third-generation cephalosporin-resistant Escherichia coli clinical isolates in Sana'a, Yemen.","authors":"Abdulilah Mohammed Mohammed Alsharafi, Ahmed Y Al-Jaufy, Saleh S Bahaj, Aref Al-Afif, Waleed Y Alkassar, Fuad A B A, Rasha Ahmed, Sameera M Al-Hatami","doi":"10.1186/s12866-026-05327-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12866-026-05327-7","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;The global dissemination of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) and AmpC β-lactamases among Escherichia coli poses a therapeutic challenge, contributing to the failure of empirical broad-spectrum antibiotic regimens. In conflict-affected and resource-limited settings like Yemen, the lack of molecular surveillance compromises infection control. This study aimed to determine the genotypic distribution of ESBL-, AmpC-, and dual-producing E. coli isolates resistant to second- and third-generation cephalosporins (specifically, ceftazidime, cefotaxime, or cefoxitin) across major health centers in Sana'a, Yemen.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;A cross-sectional study was conducted enrolling 222 non-duplicate, consecutive clinical E. coli isolates that demonstrated phenotypic resistance or reduced susceptibility to second- and third-generation cephalosporins during routine diagnostic screening. Isolates were collected from Al-Yemen Al-Saeed Hospital, Modern European Hospital, and the National Center of Public Health Laboratories (NCPHL). Species confirmation was performed using standard biochemical profiling and the VITEK 2 automated system. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing followed CLSI criteria. Phenotypic production of ESBL and AmpC was validated using the Double-Disk Synergy Test (DDST) and boronic acid inhibition assays, respectively. Target resistance genes (blaSHV, blaTEM, blaCTX-M, blaMOX, blaCIT, blaDHA, blaACC, blaEBC, and blaFOX) were characterized via conventional multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Statistical analyses were performed using descriptive data and Pearson's chi-square (χ²) tests.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Of the 222 cephalosporin-resistant isolates, 112 (50.5%) were phenotypic ESBL-producers, 90 (40.5%) were AmpC-producers, and 20 (9.0%) were dual (ESBL+AmpC) co-producers. Anatomical specimen tropism was observed (χ² = 40.8, P = 0.001); ESBL-only producers significantly clustered in urinary tract infections (58.0%, adjusted residual = + 5.1), whereas AmpC-producers dominated wound infections (40.0%, adjusted residual = + 5.0). Genotypically, blaCTX-M was predominant in the ESBL group (107/112, 95.5%), while blaEBC (50.0%) and blaFOX (37.8%) were predominant in the AmpC group; blaEBC was also most common (55.0%) in dual-producing isolates. Carriage of at least one ESBL or AmpC gene was detected in 90.5% (201/222) of isolates. Phenotypic carbapenem resistance was observed in 14.4% of AmpC isolates (imipenem) and 20.0% of dual-producing isolates.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;This study describes the distribution of ESBL and AmpC β-lactamases among clinical E. coli isolates resistant to second- and third-generation cephalosporins in Sana'a, Yemen, with blaCTX-M and blaEBC being the most frequently detected genes. A high proportion (90.5%) of isolates harbored at least one β-lactamase gene. The distinct associations of ESBLs with urine and AmpC with wounds support the need for","PeriodicalId":9233,"journal":{"name":"BMC Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13640222/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148418997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Whole genome sequence-based comparative genomics reveals preliminary genomic features of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Enteritidis phage type 1 and phage type 4 strains from EnteroBase.","authors":"Lucas Vásquez-Herrera, Omar P Vallejos, José Acevedo-López, Sofía Campos-Gajardo, Alejandro Piña-Iturbe, Daniel Tichy-Navarro, Dwayne Seeram, Anne-Catrin Uhlemann, Pablo A González, Alexis M Kalergis, Andrea I Moreno-Switt, Susan M Bueno","doi":"10.1186/s12866-026-05329-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12866-026-05329-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) enables detailed characterization of circulating and emerging bacterial strains. Although tens of thousands of Salmonella genomes have been acquired over the years, analyses of the genomic differences between strains of different phage types are scarce.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We compared two Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Enteritidis (SEn) phage types, namely phage types 1 and 4 from available databases, using bioinformatic tools and nanopore sequencing of a Chilean PT1 strain. Comparisons between the two phage types show very low genomic divergence and high genomic sequence similarity. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) searches identified SNPs specific to each phage type. Although a translocated region was identified in the Chilean PT1 strain analyzed in this study when compared to the genome of a PT4 strain, this was not present in the genomes of other PT1 strains, suggesting a local strain-specific rearrangement. Further analyses yielded no differences in the CRISPR-Cas locus, but a slight difference was observed in Gifsy-2 prophage detection and DNA modification systems between PT1 and PT4 strains.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings provide insights into the genomic differences between SEn strains of two different phage types, serving as a basis for future genomic studies, yet further analyses with more diverse geographical locations collected over a longer time span are essential to validate these differences with the potential to establish molecular markers for strain identification and characterization in the context of epidemiological surveillance as a complement to WGS when this technique is not available.</p>","PeriodicalId":9233,"journal":{"name":"BMC Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13656390/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148418987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FlhF interacts with TonB2 to defend against oxidative stress in Campylobacter jejuni.","authors":"Xiaofei Li, Ying Zhang, Fangzhe Ren, Ozan Gundogdu, Jinlin Huang","doi":"10.1186/s12866-026-05391-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12866-026-05391-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Campylobacter jejuni is the leading cause of bacterial foodborne diarrheal disease worldwide. Despite its microaerophilic nature, C. jejuni is ubiquitous in aerobic environments and must possess specific adaptation mechanisms against oxidative stress. Here, we identified a novel role for FlhF, a GTPase essential for proper flagellar assembly, in promoting resistance to hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂). Comparative transcriptomic analysis under H₂O₂ stress revealed that deletion of flhF leads to significant downregulation of oxidative stress-related genes. FlhF directly interacts with TonB2, an iron transport-associated protein, via its B and N domains. Codeletion of flhF and tonB2 leads to increased sensitivity to H₂O₂, suggesting a synergistic interaction. Moreover, the FlhF-TonB2 interaction promotes H₂O₂ detoxification, potentially by modulating intracellular iron homeostasis and influencing redox processes. Together, these findings reveal a novel function of FlhF in the oxidative stress response of C. jejuni, offering new insights into flagella-associated defense mechanisms in this pathogen.</p>","PeriodicalId":9233,"journal":{"name":"BMC Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13640089/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148418915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Short-term temporal variation in the early-life gut microbiota links maternal clinical phenotypes to neonatal jaundice.","authors":"Hailing Zhang, Haojun Yao, Ke Zhang, Chunfang Zhang","doi":"10.1186/s12866-026-05383-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12866-026-05383-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Maternal clinical phenotypes shape the neonatal gut microbiome and influence infant health outcomes, yet the microbial mechanisms linking maternal conditions to neonatal jaundice remain largely unknown. To investigate this, we characterized bacterial community profiling in prenatal maternal feces, meconium, and postnatal Day 3 neonatal feces from a mother-infant cohort, and integrated microbiota-phenotype association analyses and mediation models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found that meconium microbiota showed slightly lower divergence from maternal fecal microbiota than neonatal fecal microbiota did. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) showed that maternal HbA1c consistently contributed to early-life gut microbial community structure, explaining 7% of the variation in meconium microbiota and 11% of the variation in neonatal fecal microbiota. Neonatal transcutaneous bilirubin levels on Day 3 were also associated with early-life microbial variation, with a stronger association observed in neonatal fecal microbiota than in meconium. In addition, maternal HbA1c significantly correlated with maternal urinary bacterial counts. The abundance distribution patterns of meconium ASVs related to maternal diabetes status and urinary bacterial detection status were also observed in the corresponding taxa of neonatal gut microbiota and were associated with subsequent neonatal jaundice. Notably, specific differentially abundant ASVs affiliated with Bifidobacterium, Clostridium_T, and Rothia mediated the interconnected rather than independent effects of maternal HbA1c and urinary bacterial counts on neonatal jaundice.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results suggest that meconium microbiota features associated with maternal diabetes-related phenotypes influence early neonatal gut microbial community structure and may contribute to neonatal jaundice. This study highlights the potential role of early-life gut microbiota shifts in mediating the effects of maternal physiological variation on neonatal health outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":9233,"journal":{"name":"BMC Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13640084/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148418943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}