BMC Microbiology最新文献

{"title":"Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and Trichoderma longibrachiatum alter the transcriptome of Vicia villosa in response to infection by the fungal pathogen Stemphylium vesicarium.","authors":"Tingting Ding, Wei Feng, Meiting Bai, Lijun Gu, Tingyu Duan","doi":"10.1186/s12866-025-03778-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12866-025-03778-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Leaf spot caused by Stemphylium vesicarium is a severe disease of Vicia villosa and first reported in 2019. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and Trichoderma are common beneficial microorganisms in soil that enhance plant resistance to pathogens. This study established a greenhouse experiment to examine the physiological and transcriptomic changes of V. villosa that were co-inoculated with the AMF Sieverdingia tortuosa and Trichoderma longibrachiatum to determine their effects on the development of resistance to disease.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Infection by the pathogen reduced the shoot biomass of V. villosa. Individual inoculation or co-inoculation with AMF and T. longibrachiatum reduced the severity of disease and promoted defense-related reactions, such as the production of salicylic acid (SA), activity of phenylalanine ammonia lyase and chitinase. Inoculation of Trichoderma alone or in combination with AMF significantly increased the content of SA of the diseased V. villosa by 12.23% and 12.80%, respectively. Treatment with AMF alone significantly increased the chitinase activity of susceptible V. villosa by 6.4% compared with V. villosa only infected with S. vesicarium. Gene ontology terms that related to plant disease resistance, such as upregulated \"Defense response\", \"Peroxidase activity\", and \"Signal acceptor activity\", were significantly enriched in diseased plants that had been inoculated with S. tortuosa and T. longibrachiatum. However, they were not significantly enriched in susceptible plants that had not been inoculated with S. tortuosa and T. longibrachiatum. The expression of the genes that were involved in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways \"Isoflavonoid biosynthesis\" and \"Flavone and flavonol biosynthesis\" and were related to disease defense was upregulated.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Both of T. longibrachiatum and AMF exhibit significant potential in managing leaf spot disease caused by S. vesicarium in V. villosa. The mechanism includes the increased SA content as well as the expression of pathogen defense-related genes in plant. T. longibrachiatum alone and combined with AMF resulted in a significant increase in SA levels. Furthermore, AMF also significantly up-regulated the expression of NPR1-related genes, which are integral to systemic acquired resistance. Our findings underscore the efficacy of T. longibrachiatum and AMF as potential biological control agents, providing a promising strategy for the management of leaf spot disease in V. villosa.</p>","PeriodicalId":9233,"journal":{"name":"BMC Microbiology","volume":"25 1","pages":"86"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11853896/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143499309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contribution of fepA_sm, fciABC, sbaA, sbaBCDEF, and feoB to ferri-stenobactin acquisition in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia KJ.","authors":"Ting-Yu Yeh, Hsu-Feng Lu, Li-Hua Li, Yi-Tsung Lin, Tsuey-Ching Yang","doi":"10.1186/s12866-025-03792-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12866-025-03792-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, an opportunistic pathogen, is ubiquitously distributed in the environment. In response to iron-depletion stress, S. maltophilia synthesizes the sole catecholate-type siderophore, stenobactin, for ferric iron acquisition. FepAsm, a TonB-dependent transporter (TBDT), is the sole known outer membrane receptor responsible for ferri-stenobactin uptake in S. maltophilia K279a. However, S. maltophilia KJ and its isogenic fepA mutant displayed comparable ability to utilize FeCl₃ as the sole iron source for growth in iron-depleted conditions, suggesting the involvement of additional TBDT in ferri-stenobactin uptake in the KJ strain. Here, we aimed to determine additional TBDT required for ferri-stenobactin uptake and the post-TBDT ferri-stenobactin transport system in the KJ strain.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>Twelve TBDTs, whose expression were significantly upregulated in 2,2'-dipyridyl-treated KJ strain, were selected as candidates for ferri-stenobactin uptake. The involvement of these selected candidates in ferri-stenobactin acquisition was investigated using deletion mutant construction and FeCl₃ utilization assay. Among the 12 TBDTs tested, FepAsm, FciA, and SbaA were the TBDTs for ferri-stenobactin uptake in KJ strain. Because fciA is a member of fciTABC operon, the involvement of fciTABC operon in ferri-stenobactin uptake was also investigated. Of the fciTABC operon, fciA, fciB and fciC, but not fciT, contributed to ferri-stenobatin acquisition. SbaE is the homolog of FepD/FepG, the inner membrane transporters for ferri-enterobactin in E. coli; therefore, sbaBCDEF operon was selected as a candidate for the post-TBDT transport system of ferri-stenobactin. All proteins encoded by sbaBCDEF operon participated in ferri-stenobactin acquisition. Due to the contribution of the putative periplasmic esterase SbaB to ferri-stenobactin acquisition, FeoB, a ferrous iron inner membrane transporter, was included as a candidate and proved to be involved in ferri-stenobactin acquisition. Accordingly, contributions of feoB and sbaE to ferri-stenobactin acquisition illustrated that ferric and ferrous iron could be transported across the inner membrane via SbaE and FeoB, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>FepAsm, fciABC, sbaA, sbaBCDEF, and feoB contribute to ferri-stenobatin acquisition in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia KJ.</p>","PeriodicalId":9233,"journal":{"name":"BMC Microbiology","volume":"25 1","pages":"91"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11852561/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143499248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eradication of Helicobacter pylori reshapes gut microbiota and facilitates the evolution of antimicrobial resistance through gene transfer and genomic mutations in the gut.","authors":"Meiqi Zhao, Yunlong Zhang, Shuangqing Liu, Fengmei Wang, Peng Zhang","doi":"10.1186/s12866-025-03823-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12866-025-03823-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Treating Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection requires large quantities of antibiotics, thus dramatically promoting the enrichment and dissemination of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in feces. However, the influence of H. pylori eradication on the AMR mobility and the gut microbiota evolution has yet to be thoroughly investigated. Here, a study involving 12 H. pylori-positive participants was conducted, and the pre- and post- eradication fecal samples were sequenced. Metagenomic analysis revealed that the eradication treatment drastically altered the gut microbiome, with the Escherichia and Klebsiella genera emerging as the predominant bacteria. Interestingly, the eradication treatment significantly increased the relative abundance and diversity of resistome and mobilome in gut microbiota. Eradication of H. pylori also enriched AMR genes (ARGs) conferring resistance to antibiotics not administered because of the co-location with other ARGs or mobile genetic elements (MGEs). Additionally, the Escherichia and Klebsiella genera were identified as the primary bacterial hosts of these highly transferable ARGs. Furthermore, the genomic variations associated with ARGs in Escherichia coli (E. coli) caused by the eradication treatment were profiled, including the parC, parE, and gyrA genes. These findings revealed that H. pylori eradication promoted the enrichment of ARGs and MGEs in the Escherichia and Klebsiella genera, and further facilitated bacterial evolution through the horizontal transfer of ARGs and genomic variations.</p>","PeriodicalId":9233,"journal":{"name":"BMC Microbiology","volume":"25 1","pages":"90"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11853306/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143499251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibacterial and photocatalytic potential of piperine-derived zinc oxide nanoparticles against multi-drug-resistant non-typhoidal Salmonella spp.","authors":"Varsha Unni, Padikkamannil Abishad, Bibin Mohan, Pokkittath Radhakrishnan Arya, Sanis Juliet, Lijo John, Valil Kunjukunju Vinod, Asha Karthikeyan, Nitin Vasantrao Kurkure, Sukhadeo Baliram Barbuddhe, Deepak Bhiwa Rawool, Jess Vergis","doi":"10.1186/s12866-025-03829-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12866-025-03829-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Drug-resistant pathogens and industrial dye wastes have emerged as critical global public health concerns, posing significant risks to human and animal health, as well as to environmental sustainability. Green synthesized nano absorbents were found to be a viable strategy for treating drug-resistant pathogens and in wastewater. Hence, this study endeavored the synthesis of piperine-driven nano-zinc oxide (ZnONPs) and evaluated them for antibacterial, antibiofilm, and photocatalytic disinfection potential against multi-drug resistant (MDR) foodborne strains of non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS). Besides, the dye degradation potential of ZnONPs when exposed to UV, sunlight, and LED lights and their antioxidant capacity were assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Initially, in silico analysis of piperine revealed drug-likeliness with minimal toxicity and strong interaction between piperine and OmpC motifs of Salmonella spp. UV spectroscopy of ZnONPs revealed a prominent absorption peak at 340 nm, while PXRD analysis confirmed the hexagonal wurtzite structure of ZnONPs by exhibiting peaks at 30°, 35.6°, 41.3°, 43.6°, 44.3°, 48°, 53°, 58°, and 59.2°, which corresponded to the lattice planes (102), (110), (103), (200), (112), (004), (104), (210), and (211). Additionally, the TEM images demonstrated predominantly spherical ZnONPs with hexagonal wurtzite crystalline SAED pattern. The minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration values (µg/mL) of the ZnONPs were found to be 62.50 and 125, respectively. The ZnONPs were observed to be safe with minimal hemolysis (less than 2%) in chicken RBCs, and no cytopathic effects were observed in the MTT assay using HEK cell lines. The NPs were found to be variably stable (high-end temperatures, proteases, cationic salts, and diverse pH), and were tested safe towards commensal gut lactobacilli. Additionally, in vitro time-kill kinetic assay indicated that the MDR-NTS strains were eliminated after co-incubating with ZnONPs for 6 h. The photocatalytic studies exhibited complete bacterial elimination under visible light at 4 h. Interestingly, the ZnONPs significantly inhibited the biofilm formation in the crystal violet staining assay by MDR-NTS strains (P < 0.001) at 24 and 48 h. Besides, a dose-dependent reducing power assay and 2,2'- azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS^•+) assay were exhibited. Moreover, ZnONPs significantly degraded methylene blue, crystal violet, and rhodamine-B under different light sources (sunlight, UV light, and LED).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study revealed a sustainable one-pot method of synthesizing ZnONPs from piperine, which might be used as a viable antibacterial candidate with antioxidant, antibiofilm, and photocatalytic properties with eco-friendly implications and wastewater treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":9233,"journal":{"name":"BMC Microbiology","volume":"25 1","pages":"89"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11852875/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143499306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bifidobacterium bifidum reduces oxidative stress and alters gut flora to mitigate acute liver injury caused by N-acetyl-p-aminophenol.","authors":"Juan Yin, Lin Chen, Yiyou Lin, Jiannan Qiu, Fucai Liu, Yuhao Wang, Xiaobing Dou","doi":"10.1186/s12866-025-03775-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12866-025-03775-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pharmacologically-induced liver injury from N-acetyl-p-aminophenol (APAP) overdose has become a leading cause of acute liver failure. Extensive research has elucidated the relationship between the intestinal microbiota and the pathophysiology of liver diseases. The growing body of evidence supporting the beneficial effects of probiotics, coupled with their established safety profile, has led to their widespread adoption in clinical practice. Among these, Bifidobacterium bifidum has garnered substantial attention due to its potential hepatoprotective properties, particularly in APAP-induced acute liver injury (AILI). However, the precise therapeutic effects and underlying mechanisms of its potential to alleviate drug-induced liver toxicity remain largely unexplored. To address this knowledge gap, the present study aimed to investigate the role of a new Bifidobacterium bifidum strain CGMCC No. 29,545 isolated from faeces on AILI. A mouse model was constructed through the administration of heat-killed or active B. bifidum CGMCC No. 29,545 preparations via gavage, followed by an intraperitoneal overdose of APAP. The results showed that the active B. bifidum could significantly reverse the increase in plasma transaminase levels and reduce the necrotic area of liver cells in AILI mice. A reduction in oxidative stress accompanied a reduction in this effect. Furthermore, B. bifidum attenuated plasma endotoxin levels and improved colonic inflammation, reducing hepatocyte apoptosis. The 16 S rRNA diversity of intestinal contents suggests that the involvement of B. bifidum in the regulation of the intestinal microbiota also plays a crucial role in the protection against AILI. The above results suggest that the amelioration of multiple injuries due to APAP overprocessing is closely related to active B. bifidum, which was confirmed by heat-killed B. bifidum preparations. Heat-killed B. bifidum preparations did not attenuate the degree of liver injury and oxidative stress caused by APAP treatment. The effects of two different active B. bifidum preparations provide new insights into the protective strategies of active B. bifidum as a probiotic against AILI.</p>","PeriodicalId":9233,"journal":{"name":"BMC Microbiology","volume":"25 1","pages":"87"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11853282/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143499320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surfactin inhibits enterococcal biofilm formation via interference with pilus and exopolysaccharide biosynthesis.","authors":"Chun-Yi Wu, Hung-Tse Huang, Yu-Ting Chiang, Kung-Ta Lee","doi":"10.1186/s12866-025-03786-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12866-025-03786-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Enterococcus faecalis is a significant pathogen in healthcare settings and is frequently resistant to multiple antibiotics. This resistance is compounded by its ability to form biofilms, dense bacterial communities that are challenging to eliminate via standard antibiotic therapies. As such, targeting biofilm formation is considered a viable strategy for addressing these infections. This study assessed the effectiveness of surfactin, a cyclic lipopeptide biosurfactant synthesized by Bacillus subtilis natto NTU-18, in preventing biofilm formation by E. faecalis. Analytical characterization of surfactin was performed via liquid chromatography‒mass spectrometry (LC‒MS). Additionally, transcriptomic sequencing and quantitative PCR (qPCR) were used to investigate alterations in E. faecalis gene expression following treatment with surfactin. The data revealed notable suppression of crucial virulence-related genes responsible for pilus construction and exopolysaccharide synthesis, both of which are vital for E. faecalis adhesion and biofilm structure. Functional tests confirmed that surfactin treatment substantially reduced E. faecalis attachment to Caco-2 cell monolayers and curtailed exopolysaccharide production. Moreover, confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed significant thinning of the biofilms. These observations support the potential utility of surfactin as a therapeutic agent to manage biofilm-associated infections caused by E. faecalis.</p>","PeriodicalId":9233,"journal":{"name":"BMC Microbiology","volume":"25 1","pages":"85"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11852883/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143490722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimicrobial resistance patterns of WHO priority pathogens at general hospital in Southern Ethiopia during the COVID-19 pandemic, with particular reference to ESKAPE-group isolates of surgical site infections.","authors":"Mohammed Seid, Berari Bayou, Addis Aklilu, Dagimawie Tadesse, Aseer Manilal, Abdurezak Zakir, Kebede Kulyta, Teshome Kebede, Hissah Abdulrahman Alodaini, Akbar Idhayadhulla","doi":"10.1186/s12866-025-03783-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12866-025-03783-1","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Antimicrobial resistance represents a significant public health challenge, resulting in an estimated 4.95 million deaths annually. In response to the global escalation of antimicrobial resistance in prevalent hospital-acquired infections such as surgical site infections (SSIs), the World Health Organization (WHO) has identified critical and priority pathogens necessitating research and development. Nevertheless, there remains a paucity of data from numerous developing nations. Therefore this study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of SSIs, examine the microbial profile, and identify factors associated with SSIs, with a particular emphasis on WHO-priority pathogens during the COVID-19 pandemic at a general hospital in southern Ethiopia.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;A cross-sectional study was conducted on 207 adult patients clinically suspected of SSIs from September 1, 2019, to November 2022. Demographic data, clinical characteristics, and surgery-related variables were collected using pre-tested, structured, interviewer-administered questionnaires and patient chart reviews. Wound samples (swabs and/or pus) were collected aseptically from each participant following standard microbiological procedures and processed for isolation and identification of pathogens by conventional culture and biochemical testing. Bacterial isolates subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing, including the detection of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), by the standard Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method in accordance with Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Data were analyzed by Statistical Packages for Social Science (SPSS) version 25, and bivariable and multivariable logistic regression was done to determine the associations between dependent and independent variables. Adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence interval (CI) was reported, and P-value &lt; 5% was considered statistically significant.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The overall prevalence of culture-confirmed SSIs among adult patients who underwent major surgery was 76.8% (95% CI: 71.0, 82.6). Among the 178 pathogens recovered, 58.5% were Gram-negative, 40.4% were Gram-positive, and 1.1% were Candida spp. The ESKAPE pathogens comprised 65.3% of the isolates, with S. aureus being the most common species, accounting for 43.5%, followed by K. pneumoniae (33.9%). Multidrug resistance (MDR) was observed in 84.37% of ESKAPE pathogens, with ESBL-producing and MRSA-producing isolates accounting for 88% and 76.5%, respectively. A. baumannii showed the highest MDR rate at 100%, followed by MRSA (90%) and K. pneumoniae (88.23%). Amikacin, meropenem, and piperacillin-tazobactam were effective agents against Gram-negatives, while linezolid, clindamycin, and gentamicin were most effective against Gram-positive bacteria. SSIs was significantly associated with emergency surgery (P &lt; 0.001), ","PeriodicalId":9233,"journal":{"name":"BMC Microbiology","volume":"25 1","pages":"84"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11846185/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143476000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Therapeutic potential of a newly isolated bacteriophage against multi-drug resistant Enterococcus faecalis infections: in vitro and in vivo characterization.","authors":"Zienab Ali, Karim Abdelkader, Maha M Abdel-Fattah, Ahmed Farag Azmy, Ahmed O El-Gendy, Tarek Dishisha","doi":"10.1186/s12866-025-03785-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12866-025-03785-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In nosocomial settings, vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis is a major health threat leading to increased morbidities, mortalities, and treatment costs. Nowadays, several approaches are under investigation to enhance the activity of or replace the traditional antibiotics. Bacteriophage therapy was sought as a potential approach for combating E. faecalis infections. The present study focuses on isolating and characterizing bacteriophage against clinical multi-drug resistant (MDR) E. faecalis strain Lb-1492. The phage stability, lytic activity, host-range, latent period, burst size, the ability to detach the pre-formed biofilm and destroy entrapped cells were investigated. The phage genome was purified, sequenced, and subjected to bioinformatics analysis for identifying and characterizing its features, as well as, the suitability for clinical application. Finally, the ability of the phage to rescue mice from deadly, experimentally induced E. faecalis bacteremia was evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A virulent phage was isolated from sewage water against a clinical MDR E. faecalis isolate. Morphological and genomic studies indicated that the phage belongs to the Efquatrovirus genus, with a long tail, icosahedral head and a linear double-stranded DNA genome of approximately 42.9 kbp. The phage was named vB_Efa_ZAT1 (shortly ZAT1). It demonstrated a shorter latent period and larger burst size than regular-tailed phages, and a characteristic stability over a wide range of pH and temperatures, with the optimum activity at pH 7.4 and 37 °C, respectively. Phage ZAT1 showed a narrow spectrum of activity and a characteristic biofilm disruption ability. The phage managed successfully to control E. faecalis-induced bacteremia in mice models, which was lethal within 48 h in the control group. An intraperitoneal injection of 3 × 10⁸ PFU of the phage solution given 1 h after the bacterial challenge was sufficient to save all the animals, completely reversing the trend of 100% mortality caused by this bacterium.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Phage therapy can be a promising alternative to traditional antibiotics in the post-antibiotic era with a significant antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities against MDR E. faecalis.</p>","PeriodicalId":9233,"journal":{"name":"BMC Microbiology","volume":"25 1","pages":"80"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11841226/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143467040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The virulence trait and genotype distribution amongst the Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical strains.","authors":"Xiaohuan Wang, Kaijing Gao, Baishen Pan, Beili Wang, Yuanlin Song, Wei Guo","doi":"10.1186/s12866-025-03754-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12866-025-03754-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pseudomonas aeruginosa is notorious for its complex virulence system and rapid adaptive drug resistance. This study aimed to compare the prevalence and genotype distribution of virulence genes in multidrug-sensitive and multidrug-resistant clinical strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. It is possible to better understand the genetic characteristics of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and carry out effective treatment and prevention measures.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The genes phzS, aprA, plcH, toxA, pilA and exoU were detected amongst 184 clinical strains, whose cytotoxicity and biofilm formation ability were evaluated as well. Phenotypic screening for drug susceptibility was conducted by standard antimicrobial susceptibility test and interpreted according to standards established by CLSI.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 94 multidrug-sensitive and 90 multidrug-resistant isolates were included in this study. Statistically significant relationship was observed in the frequency of the toxA (p = 0.002) and plcH (p = 0.001) genes between multidrug-resistant and multidrug-sensitive strains. Moreover, thirteen genotypes were observed in multidrug-sensitive strains, and seven of them were included in multidrug-resistant groups. There was statistically significant correlation found between the presence of genotype IV (p = 0.001) and genotype VII (p = 0.001) in two subgroups. Additionally, It was found that genotype III isolates exhibited most obvious cytotoxicity, and multidrug-resistant isolates of genotype III showed the most significant cytotoxicity. Moreover, the strains of strong biofilm-formation accounted for a relatively high proportion in genotype III and VI groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These virulence genes could form abundant genotype varieties, whose overall number is greater in multi-sensitive strains. In addition, particular genotypes were characteristically distributed and exhibited different cytotoxicity and biofilm-formation abilities.</p>","PeriodicalId":9233,"journal":{"name":"BMC Microbiology","volume":"25 1","pages":"82"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11841163/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143466932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring different methods of Exaiptasia diaphana infection to follow Vibrio parahaemolyticus dissemination in the whole animal.","authors":"Mélanie Billaud, Dorota Czerucka","doi":"10.1186/s12866-025-03744-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12866-025-03744-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>An increase in wastewater rejection and rising seawater temperature are the two main causes of the spreading of pathogenic bacteria in the ocean that present a risk to the health of marine organisms, i.e., corals. Deciphering the infectious mechanism is of interest to better disease management. The quantity of infecting bacteria as well as method of pathogen administration is an important parameter in studying host-pathogen interactions. In this study, we have tested two models of infection (bathing or injection) of Exaiptasia diaphana (E. diaphana) with a clinically isolated strain of Vibrio parahaemolyticus expressing constitutively a Green Fluorescent Protein (Vp-GFP). We followed Vp-GFP dissemination over time with confocal microscopy at 6, 24, and 30 h. During the early time of infection, bacteria were observed adhering to the ectoderm in both infection methods. In later stages of the infection, Vp-GFP were lost from the ectoderm and appeared in the gastroderm. Compared to bathing, the injection method was supposed to provide better control of the bacteria quantity introduced inside the animal. However, injection induced a stress response with contraction and rejection of bacteria thus making it impossible to control the number of infecting bacteria. In conclusion, we recommended using the bathing technique that is closer to the infection route found in the environment and, moreover, did not cause injury to the animal. We also demonstrated, by using Vp-GFP, that we could track pathogenic bacteria in different tissues of E. diaphana over the time of infection and quantify them in the whole animal, thus opening a technical approach for developing new strategies to fight infection disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":9233,"journal":{"name":"BMC Microbiology","volume":"25 1","pages":"83"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11844107/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143466648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}