BMC Microbiology最新文献

{"title":"Culture-dependent and -independent analyses reveal unique community structure and function in the external mycelial cortices of Ophiocordyceps sinensis.","authors":"Na Li, Jiani Li, Zhilin Feng, Zhihua Wu, Qingbo Gao, Jiuli Wang, Yuying Zhang, Shi-Long Chen, Rui Xing","doi":"10.1186/s12866-025-03793-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12866-025-03793-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ophiocordyceps sinensis, also known as DongChong XiaCao (DCXC) in China, is a complex of the parasitic fungus Hirsutella sinensis and its caterpillars host living in extreme alpine environments on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Wild resources of O. sinensis are threatened by over-harvesting due to its perceived high medicinal value. In recent years, numerous studies have pointed out that endofungal bacteria play an important role in fungal spore germination and zygote formation. In this sense, studying the endofungal bacteria of O. sinensis is of great interest regarding the conservation of this species. In this study, we investigated the community structure (abundance and rare sub-communities) and function of the soil-mycelial-sclerotia-stromata continuum endofungal bacteria in O. sinensis from the Qilian Mountain region of the Tibetan Plateau by using amplicon and macro-genome sequencing technologies. Based on the results, rare taxa exhibited more differences among the components, and enrichment and co-occurrence network analyses revealed that abundant taxa played a more important role. We further found that endofungal bacteria in external mycelial cortices have unique community structures and functions. In particular, they play an important role in material cycling, potentially providing essential nutrients during the lifecycle of O. sinensis. We successfully isolated 52 endofungal bacterial strains using high-throughput isolation techniques, some of them were undetected by high-throughput sequencing. We systematically investigated the structure and function of endofungal bacteria of the O. sinensis, providing a solid foundation for the cultivation and conservation of wild resources of this species at an industrial scale.</p>","PeriodicalId":9233,"journal":{"name":"BMC Microbiology","volume":"25 1","pages":"78"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11834595/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143439938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and characterization of class I integrons in multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli isolates from humans and food-producing animals in Zhejiang Province, China.","authors":"Han Jiang, Meijuan Ran, Xinyuan Wang, Qi Chen, Jing Wang, Zhi Ruan, Jingwen Wang, Biao Tang, Jiehong Fang","doi":"10.1186/s12866-025-03794-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12866-025-03794-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Class I integrons have garnered significant attention due to pivotal roles in the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs), which impose risks to public health and food safety. Here, the prevalence and characteristics of class I integrons in Escherichia coli isolates derived from food-producing animals and human patients were assessed. Of 721 E. coli isolates collected from human patients (113), pigs (298), and poultry (310), 93 (12.90%) carried the class I integrase gene (intI1). Multilocus sequence typing identified 39 sequence types from 93 intI1-postive isolates, including three novel types. Sequence analysis revealed that 59 classical class I integrons encompassed six distinct gene cassettes arrangements [dfrA17-aadA5, dfrA12-aadA2, dfrA1-aadA1, dfrA7, aac(6')-Ib, and aadA1-aac(3)-VIa]. Six insertion sequences (IS1, IS6, IS21, IS91, IS110, and IS256) and one transposon (Tn3) were harbored in proximity to the integrons. A comparison with sequences retrieved from the National Center for Biotechnology Information database demonstrated that E. coli isolates with integron sequences were detected in various food-producing animals and human hosts in environmental niches across Asia, Europe, and North America. These findings indicate the potential risk of ARG transmission between food-producing animals and humans by bacteria populations and provide useful baseline data for monitoring of ARGs.</p>","PeriodicalId":9233,"journal":{"name":"BMC Microbiology","volume":"25 1","pages":"76"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11830211/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143425079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bacillus paralicheniformis SYN-191 isolated from ginger rhizosphere soil and its growth-promoting effects in ginger farming.","authors":"Yanan Sun, Kai Liu, Zhongliang Liu, Yayu Liu, Xuerong Yang, Binghai Du, Xiang Li, Ningyang Li, Bo Zhou, Xueming Zhu, Hailong Wang, Bingyin Peng, Chengqiang Wang","doi":"10.1186/s12866-025-03791-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12866-025-03791-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides and the farming without crop rotation may negatively impact the microbial community and the quality of the soils in ginger farm. It is important to improve soil properties to promote the healthy growth of ginger in ginger farm.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We isolated and identified the pathogenic Fusarium ramigenum from infected ginger roots. We then isolated a new Bacillus paralicheniformis strain SYN-191 from the rhizosphere soil around healthy ginger roots, and showed B. paralicheniformis SYN-91 could inhibit F. ramigenum growth, degrade proteins, dissolve silicate, and decompose cellulose. SYN-191 treatment significantly improved the agronomic traits of ginger seedlings in healthy soil and continuous cropping soil. Furthermore, SYN-191 treatment restructured the microbial microbiomes in rhizosphere soil, including reducing the number of harmful fungi, such as Fusarium, and increasing the beneficial bacterial populations such as Bacillus and Pseudomonas. Field experiments showed that SYN-191 application increased ginger yield by 26.47% (P < 0.01). Whole-genome sequencing of strain SYN-191 revealed the relevant genes for antibiotic synthesis, potassium dissolution, and cellulose decomposition.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A new plant-growth-promoting B. paralicheniformis SYN-191 was obtained. This strain could antagonize ginger root rot pathogenic fungus, improve agronomic traits and ginger yield in field, and improve the microbial community structure in the ginger rhizosphere soil. This study provides a valuable bacterial resource for overcoming obstacles in the continuous cropping of ginger.</p>","PeriodicalId":9233,"journal":{"name":"BMC Microbiology","volume":"25 1","pages":"75"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11829480/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143425077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regulation of antibiotic persistence and pathogenesis in Acinetobacter baumannii by glutamate and histidine metabolic pathways.","authors":"Ho Seok Sim, Yong-Kook Kwon, Hokyung Song, Geum-Sook Hwang, Jinki Yeom","doi":"10.1186/s12866-024-03654-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12866-024-03654-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Metabolite production is essential for the proliferation and environmental adaptation of all living organisms. In pathogenic bacteria, metabolite exchange during host infection can regulate their physiology and virulence. However, there is still much unknown about which specific metabolic pathways in pathogenic bacteria respond to changes in the environment during infections. This study examines how pathogenic bacterium Acinetobacter baumannii uses particular metabolic pathways to regulate its ability to antibiotic persistence and pathogenesis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>To determine specific metabolic pathways in pathogenic antibiotic resistance bacteria, metabolite profiles of bacteria were constructed using ultraperformance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry and multivariate statistical analysis. A. baumannii generates amino acid derivative metabolites, which are precursors for fatty acid production. Comparative genomic analysis identified specific genes regulating the production of these metabolites and fatty acids in A. baumannii. Inactivation of genes involved in glutamate metabolism, gdhA, aspB, murI1, and racD, impairs antibiotic persistence, while inactivation of the hisC gene, encoding histidinol - phosphate aminotransferase enzyme in histidine metabolic pathway, increases bacterial survival inside macrophages during infections.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study reports that A. baumannii regulates antibiotic persistence and pathogenesis through glutamate and histidine metabolic pathways, respectively. These findings suggest that specific metabolic pathways regulate bacterial pathogenesis and antibiotic persistence during infections, providing potential therapeutic targets for pathogenic bacteria.</p>","PeriodicalId":9233,"journal":{"name":"BMC Microbiology","volume":"25 1","pages":"74"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11829494/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143425087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Discovery, structural characteristics and evolutionary analyses of functional domains in Acinetobacter baumannii phage tail fiber/spike proteins.","authors":"Shenshen Liu, Tao Lei, Yujing Tan, Xiaoyi Huang, Wenxin Zhao, Huanhuan Zou, Jianhui Su, Ji Zeng, Haiyan Zeng","doi":"10.1186/s12866-025-03790-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12866-025-03790-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The global rise in multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii infections poses a significant healthcare challenge. Bacteriophage offer a promising alternative to antibiotics for treating A. baumannii infections. Phage tail fiber and spike proteins are essential for host recognition, with some exhibiting depolymerase activity that aids in degrading the bacterial cell wall, facilitating infection. Detailed studies of the functional domains responsible for depolymerase activity and receptor-binding in phage tail fiber/spike proteins are a crucial step toward developing effective phage treatments.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 32 functional domains were identified across 313 tail fiber and spike proteins from 204 publicly available Acinetobacter baumannii phages using InterPro and AlphaFold3. Domains associated with depolymerase function were Pectin lyase-like domain (PLD), phage_tailspike_middle domain (PTMD), Transglycosidases domain (TGD), and SGNH hydrolase domain (SHD). These domains were primarily found in phages from the Autographiviridae family, specifically within the Friunavirus genus. The predominant PLD domain displayed high variability, with its sequence conserved only in a 25-amino-acid region among two closely related fiber/spike protein lineages. All enzymatic domains exhibit high sequence diversity yet retain structural stability, which is essential for enzymatic function. As for receptor-binding domains, four types of pyocin_knob domains (PKD) were initially identified, characterized by unique β-sheet and α-helix configurations. Each type of PKD exhibited distinct potential receptor-binding sites, primarily located within the α-helix region, and was closely associated with the Obolenskvirus genus, as well as the Autographiviridae and Straboviridae families. The G3DSA:2.60.40.3940 domain, exhibiting minor structural variations, was predominantly found in phages of the Obolenskvirus genus. Additionally, a novel Obo-β-sandwich structure, identified as a potential receptor-binding domain, was discovered within Obolenskvirus genus cluster. The structural diversity of these receptor-binding domains accounts for their interactions with various receptors.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This research deepens the understanding of the relationship between A. baumannii phage genera and the functional domains within their tail fiber/spike proteins, emphasizing the compatibility between structural characteristics and functional roles. The data obtained could serve as a reference for the targeted modification of phages or their tail fiber/spike proteins, enhancing their therapeutic applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":9233,"journal":{"name":"BMC Microbiology","volume":"25 1","pages":"73"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11823257/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143405766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental impact on the genome shaping of putative new Streptomyces species.","authors":"Zuzana Lorková, Michaela Cimermanová, Mária Piknová, Shivani Adhvaryu, Peter Pristaš, Jana Kisková","doi":"10.1186/s12866-025-03779-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12866-025-03779-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The bacterial evolution and the emergence of new species are likely influenced by multiple forces, including long-term environmental pressure such as living in extreme conditions. In this study, the genomes of two potentially new Streptomyces species isolated from a former mine heap in Tarnowskie Góry in Poland, were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A bioinformatic approach revealed notable phylogenetic and metabolic differences between the studied Streptomyces strains, despite originating from the same environment. While both strains are characterized by genetic features common to actinomycetes, additional unique biosynthetic gene clusters were also predicted in their genomes. The comparative genomic analysis with other Streptomyces spp. revealed a high conservation in heavy metal adaptive mechanisms, indicating a preadaptation to extreme conditions. The difference observed in the cad and mer operons could be attributed to the specific adaptations to heavy metal contamination. The high metal tolerance of examined strains was also confirmed by an agar dilution assay in the presence of several heavy metals. The confirmed siderophore production represents an additional mechanism allowing streptomycetes to survive in extreme conditions. On the other hand, both of studied genomes show significant differences in energy acquisition processes and the production of putative novel secondary metabolites. The isolates showed these differences not only among themselves but also compared to other Streptomyces species, indicating their uniqueness.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our results demonstrate that extreme environmental conditions can lead to the development of various adaptation mechanisms in the Streptomyces spp. Furthermore, the results indicate that diverse Streptomyces species have developed conserved adaptation mechanisms against the heavy metals under extreme conditions, indicating the emergence of preadaptations that allow bacteria to respond rapidly to polluted environments and evolve their genomes accordingly up to the evolution of new species.</p>","PeriodicalId":9233,"journal":{"name":"BMC Microbiology","volume":"25 1","pages":"72"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11816981/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143405770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A B-cell epitope on the bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoAHV1) viral protein gC, referred to as PV116, is implicated in the generation of antibodies and the development of an ELISA kit for the detection of the virus antibody.","authors":"Zhaohan Zhang, Wenyuan Gu, Xiaotian Fu, Jiayu Lin, Xiuyan Ding, Liqian Zhu","doi":"10.1186/s12866-025-03782-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12866-025-03782-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BoAHV1 is a significant cattle pathogen, resulting in substantial economic losses worldwide. B-cell epitopes within the viral proteins are not well understood. In this study, we screened a 12-mer phage display peptide library using a commercial BoAHV1 antibody. A total of 16 phage clones displaying individual 12-mer peptides were identified as reactive with this antibody using dot bot analysis. Through sequence alignment, 10 putative BoAHV1 B-cell epitopes, designated as PV109, PV108, PV116, PV59, PV50, PV130, PV113, PV49, PV62, and PV133, located within viral proteins gB, gC, gG, gM, UL36, UL37, and UL49, respectively, were recognized by both commercial BoAHV1 antibody andBoAHV1 IgG positive cattle serum through dot blot assay. Interestingly, immunization of mice with the synthesized peptide PV116 led to the production of antibodies suitable for Western blot analysis. Furthermore, an ELISA kit for the detection of BoAHV1 IgG antibodies in serum was developed, utilizing the identified epitope PV49, PV108, PV109, and PV116 as coating antigen. Collectively, we have identified 10 novel B-cell epitopes ofBoAHV1. Among them, PV116 is capable of inducing the production of antibodies suitable for Western blotting assay, which also shows potential for the development diagnostic tools.</p>","PeriodicalId":9233,"journal":{"name":"BMC Microbiology","volume":"25 1","pages":"70"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11809081/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143389933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of citrulline production from a Bacillus subtilis BH-01 isolated from raw buffalo milk.","authors":"Marwa A K Mansour, Salah G Ali, Manal A M Hassan, Fify A Gabra, Asmaa M M Mawad","doi":"10.1186/s12866-025-03768-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12866-025-03768-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The main purpose of this study was to optimize the L-citrulline production process using Plackett-Burman and Box-Behnken designs. L-citrulline-producing bacterium BH-01 was isolated from raw buffalo milk. The isolate was tested for probiotic activities such as tolerance to simulated gastric and intestinal juices, antagonistic activity against six antibiotic-resistant bacteria, and temperature tolerance. L-citrulline production and arginine deiminase (ADI) activity were optimized using statistical designs. The bacterial isolate was molecularly identified as Bacillus subtilis strain AUMC B-498 (accession number PP574248.1). The strain exhibited resistance at pH 2.0 and bile salt 0.5% for a two-hour exposure period. It could inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Serratia sp., Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and Streptococcus pneumoniae. From the results of statistical optimization, the Plackett-Burman design identified temperature, L-arginine, incubation period, and peptone as the most effective factors among the eight selected variables. Based on these, the Box-Behnken design was used to optimize the factors required to maximize citrulline production. The maximum L-citrulline was 632.5 µg/L, and ADI activity was 1.42 U/mL. Therefore, BH-01 isolated from Buffalo milk might be a promising candidate in food, biotechnological, and pharmaceutical applications due to its dual functionality for citrulline production and probiotic characteristics.</p>","PeriodicalId":9233,"journal":{"name":"BMC Microbiology","volume":"25 1","pages":"71"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11809042/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143389935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum HNU082 intervention on fungi and bacteriophages in different intestinal segments of mice.","authors":"Xinlei Liu, Zhe Han, Wenyao Ma, Weipeng Cui, Dongyu Zhen, Shuaiming Jiang, Jiachao Zhang","doi":"10.1186/s12866-025-03784-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12866-025-03784-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Gut fungi and bacteriophages, as members of the gut microbiota, can affect the interactions between gut bacteria and the host, participate in host metabolism, and are associated with various diseases. Probiotics substantially influence gut fungi and bacteriophages, modulating their composition through both direct and indirect mechanisms, thereby influencing host health. Current research primarily focuses on the effects of probiotics on the intestinal bacterial community. However, the alterations in the compositions of gut fungi and bacteriophages following probiotic intervention are not yet fully understood. Therefore, this study used Lactiplantibacillus plantarum HNU082 (Lp082) as the research subject and aimed to investigate the changes of the gut fungi and bacteriophages in the small intestine and the large intestine after the gavage of Lp082.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After probiotics entered the gut, the changes of the gut fungi and bacteriophages caused by the probiotics were more pronounced in the small intestine compared to the large intestine. The relative abundance of pathogenic fungi, such as Candida albicans, decreased in the small intestine. Furthermore, a strong positive correlation between the relative abundance of bacteriophages and their host bacteria in the gut was observed. The relative abundance of both Clostridia class bacteria and their bacteriophages increased.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In summary, the effects of probiotics on gut fungi and bacteriophages differed between the small intestine and the large intestine. This study contributed to a better understanding of the impact of probiotics on gut fungi and bacteriophages and provided data support for the association and dynamic changes between gut bacteria and their bacteriophages.</p>","PeriodicalId":9233,"journal":{"name":"BMC Microbiology","volume":"25 1","pages":"69"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11806771/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143373690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Compound lactic acid bacteria enhance the aerobic stability of Sesbania cannabina and corn mixed silage.","authors":"Muhammad Tahir, Tianwei Wang, Jiaqi Zhang, Tianqi Xia, Xian Deng, Xiaofeng Cao, Jin Zhong","doi":"10.1186/s12866-025-03781-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12866-025-03781-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The strategic delay of aerobic deterioration in Sesbania cannabina and corn (SC) mixed silage, coupled with effective fermentation, could increase the protein-rich silage utilization by ruminants. Thus, we sought to investigate the role of a compound lactic acid bacteria (LAB) inoculant (Lactobacillus plantarum + Lactobacillus farciminis + Lactobacillus buchneri + Lactobacillus hilgardii; at a level of 10⁶ CFU/g fresh weight) in enhancing the aerobic stability of SC mixed silage. Specifically, we focused on the potential for corn supplementation to improve fermentation quality while concurrently increasing the susceptibility of SC mixed silage to aerobic spoilage.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results revealed that compound LAB additive diversified the microbial community of SC mixed silage, making Lactobacillus hilgardii and Lactobacillus buchneri dominant bacterial species, while decreasing the abundance of Kazachstania humilis fungal specie. As a result, the LAB-treated mixed silages had higher acetic acid contents and lower yeast populations. Aerobic stability analysis revealed that the SC mixed silages with a high corn proportion deteriorated rapidly when the silages were exposed to air. The high aerobic stability of the LAB-treated mixed silages especially S7C3 contrasted with the low acetic acid concentrations in the CK mixed silages (processed with sterilized water), concomitant with increased Kazachstania humilis abundance.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study revealed that inoculation with a compound LAB additive altered the consequences of aerobic exposure by increasing acetic acid production after ensiling, promoting diverse bacterial populations, and mitigating the negative effects of fungi on the aerobic stability of SC mixed silage.</p>","PeriodicalId":9233,"journal":{"name":"BMC Microbiology","volume":"25 1","pages":"68"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11806554/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143370502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}