BMC Microbiology最新文献

{"title":"Targeting nontuberculous mycobacteria with phages: optimization of in vitro host range assays.","authors":"Tobias Weirauch, Eva Brügger, Kai Litzius, Maria J G T Vehreschild, Silvia M Würstle, Simone C Lieberknecht-Jouy","doi":"10.1186/s12866-026-05452-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12866-026-05452-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The clinical implementation of mycobacteriophages is hampered by the lack of standardized in vitro methods and inconsistent host range results, limiting reliable assessment of their therapeutic potential. Nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) infections are frequently difficult to treat, emphasizing the urgent need for alternative or adjunctive strategies to antibiotics. To facilitate reproducible translational research, a detailed and systematic understanding of in vitro assay conditions is essential. Here, we comprehensively evaluated commonly used liquid and solid media for their suitability in supporting growth of multiple NTM strains and subsequent phage application. We compared bacterial growth kinetics, aggregation tendencies, and the efficiency of phage-induced lysis, including plaque formation, across three liquid media and corresponding solid agars. Our results demonstrate that Middlebrook-based media and agar consistently support robust NTM growth, reduce bacterial clumping, and enable reproducible detection of phage activity, outperforming TSB-based alternatives despite higher cost and labor requirements. These findings provide a standardized framework for in vitro NTM cultivation and phage testing, which is critical for reliable evaluation of host range, infection dynamics, and the development of mycobacteriophage-based therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":9233,"journal":{"name":"BMC Microbiology","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13422341/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148629435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Astrovirus infection alters gut microbial communities in a widespread neotropical bat across human-modified landscapes.","authors":"Stefan D Brändel, Dominik W Melville, Kerstin Wilhelm, Victor M Corman, Rachel Page, Christian Drosten, Marco Tschapka, Simone Sommer, Wasimuddin","doi":"10.1186/s12866-026-05455-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12866-026-05455-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Astroviruses are becoming a growing concern in public and veterinary health. In humans, astrovirus infections can cause severe diarrhea and may lead to neuropathological encephalitis, whereas in wildlife, these enteropathogenic viral infections often lack overt symptoms and thus remain unnoticed. Yet their close interaction with the host's gastrointestinal microbiome might drive cascading effects with disadvantages for host health. Bats harbor many zoonotic viruses without showing signs of disease, and many species move freely along the gradient from pristine to agricultural landscapes. To better understand the impact of astrovirus (AstV) infection under a One Health framework, we investigated the gut microbiome of naturally AstV-infected Seba's short-tailed bats (Carollia perspicillata, n = 234) inhabiting old-growth lowland forests or forest fragments embedded in an agricultural matrix in Panama. AstV prevalence was higher in forest fragments. We observed that AstV infection is associated with a shift in microbial beta but not alpha diversity, which points towards the replacement of common gut microbial taxa when infected. Indeed, potentially beneficial bacteria, such as Lactococcus, decreased in abundance, whereas potentially pathogenic bacteria from the Helicobacter genus increased in AstV-positive bats. Two Helicobacter haplotypes closely related to avian Helicobacter species were identified. We conclude that even though the impact of infection on the microbiome was not amplified in forest fragments, the higher infection likelihood in landscapes altered by humans implies more frequent or prolonged health repercussions for bats.</p>","PeriodicalId":9233,"journal":{"name":"BMC Microbiology","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13421094/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148618619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contamination of dental simulation rooms with mycobacteria.","authors":"Anna M Oertel, Stefan Rupf, Matthias Hannig, Alexander Halfmann, Gudrun Wagenpfeil, Uwe Schlotthauer, Madline P Gund","doi":"10.1186/s12866-026-05428-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12866-026-05428-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dental unit waterlines (DUWLs) often provide optimal conditions for pathogens, including non-tuberculous mycobacteria, causing various infections in patients and practitioners. Preventive measures for non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) remain unclear. Dental simulation units, which are used for student training, are very similar to classic dental units. While the water quality of dental units has been the subject of numerous studies, dental simulation units have received little attention to date. In particular, there are very few studies on the role of NTM in dental simulation units and on influencing factors such as water stagnation, structural conditions, and the effectiveness of a disinfection program.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, 24 dental simulation units from two rooms in two different buildings of the Department for Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry were examined for NTM. Water samples were analyzed from all simulation units, and biofilm swabs were additionally examined from room 2. All samples were incubated on solid and liquid culture media for 8 weeks. The species of NTM were identified using GenoType line probe assays.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>NTM were detected in 43 of 44 samples. Three different species were identified: M. gordonae was the most common, with 24 detections, followed by M. chelonae with 17 detections and M. chimaera with 3 detections.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The high contamination rate of dental simulation units highlights the need for further research to ensure a safe environment. No significant differences in terms of structural conditions could be found, while the influence of water stagnation and disinfection protocols warrants further investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":9233,"journal":{"name":"BMC Microbiology","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13410582/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148599327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of phage vB_EcoP_ZCEC16 in controlling Escherichia coli contamination in fresh poultry meat.","authors":"Azza G Kamel, Zainab K Hammouda, Sohaila Tarek, Yousef Nassar, Eman E Elawsya, Ahmed Osama, Bishoy Maher Zaki, Mohammad Gharaibeh, Rashad Al-Hindi, Ihab Habib, Ayman El-Shibiny","doi":"10.1186/s12866-026-05119-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12866-026-05119-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) poses a substantial economic and health challenges for poultry and meat industries. One of the promising alternative approaches to overcome bacterial contamination in food products is bacteriophage, due to its high specificity, safety, and effectiveness. We aimed to isolate a bacteriophage against E. coli causing poultry diseases and investigate its potential as biocontrol/therapeutic agent. A novel E. coli phage vB_EcoP_ZCEC16 was isolated from poultry samples. vB_EcoP_ZCEC16 is a podophage as visualized by transmission electron microscope, and it exhibited a high thermal and pH stability, and high lytic activity at MOIs 0.1 and 1 demonstrated by rapid reduction in bacterial optical density. Whole-genome analysis clustered the phage within Kuravirus genus and confirmed its virulence and the absence of antimicrobial resistance genes. The phage was also safe at high concentration (10⁹ PFU/mL) on human fibroblast cells (HSF) and human colon carcinoma (Caco-2) cell lines as no cytotoxic effect was observed after 24 h. In addition, the lowest tested phage MOI (0.1) was the most protective to HSF cells against bacterial infection. Finally, phage vB_EcoP_ZCEC16 was evaluated for its biocontrol efficacy, where it significantly reduced the count of E. coli contaminating fresh poultry meat after 2 h of treatment. Our study introduced a novel virulent phage with the potential of biocontrol agent for enhancing food safety.</p>","PeriodicalId":9233,"journal":{"name":"BMC Microbiology","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13417854/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148599367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cadmium-driven specific endophytic bacteria and their role in rice grains yield and cadmium accumulation.","authors":"Yibin Lai, Weijun Gong, Xiong Zeng, Salma Saeed Khan, James F White, Dezhi Yang, Rongbo Li, Haiyan Li","doi":"10.1186/s12866-026-05440-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12866-026-05440-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>The endophytic communities of plants are significantly influenced by heavy metal stress. Conversely, endophytes contribute to host plants' heavy metal tolerance and accumulation. This study evaluates the impact of cadmium (Cd) on rice, and investigates the role of endophytes in Cd accumulation in rice.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The endophytic bacterial community of rice under Cd stress was investigated using both culture-dependent and culture-independent methods. In addition, the roles of endophytic bacteria in rice yield and Cd accumulation in rice grains were examined.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The composition of rice endophytic bacterial communities was shaped by both tissue type and soil Cd concentration. Elevated Cd concentration reduced the endophyte alpha diversity, altered the dominant genera, and promoted a less complex co-occurrence network. Partic ularly, specific bacterial endophytes (e.g., Methylocystis, Bradyrhizobium and Brevundimonas) were significantly correlated with grain Cd concentration, suggesting their potential role in regulating Cd accumulation in rice grain. A core microbiota, including Bradyrhizobium, Brevundimonas, Acinetobacter, Agrobacterium, etc. consistently presented across all Cd levels, suggesting their essential, stress-independent functions. Some of them exhibited multiple plant growth-promoting traits and Cd tolerance. Pot experiments showed the strain GCRD9 (Agrobacterium sp.) could promote rice growth and increase thousand-grain weight, while reducing Cd accumulation in grains by 55.6%.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings provide new insights into the soil-crop-endophyte interactions and highlight the potential of specific bacterial strains for developing endophyte-assisted crop strategies to ensure safe crop production under heavy metal stress.</p>","PeriodicalId":9233,"journal":{"name":"BMC Microbiology","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149227371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrative microbiome and transcriptome analyses identify parity-associated alterations in rectal fecal microbiota and peripheral immune transcriptional signatures in dairy cows.","authors":"Xin Li, Caixia Shi, Wenguang Zhang, Risu Na, Mingjuan Gu, Lin Zhu, Shuhan Zhao, Liye Xiong, Tiankai Wang","doi":"10.1186/s12866-026-05456-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12866-026-05456-z","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Increasing parity in dairy cows is accompanied by cumulative physiological, reproductive, lactational, and management exposures that may coincide with changes in metabolic and immune status. However, the relationships among parity group, distal hindgut microbial communities, peripheral immune-related transcription, and their coordinated variation remain incompletely understood. In this cross-sectional observational study, 40 nonpregnant Holstein cows in mid-lactation without recorded disease were randomly selected from an eligible population within a commercial dairy herd and classified into naturally occurring parity groups: primiparous cows (PrC; parity = 1; n = 20) and multiparous cows (MuC; parities = 2-5; n = 20). Rectal fecal 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) gene sequencing and peripheral whole-blood RNA sequencing were integrated to characterize microbial and immune-related transcriptional differences between the two groups.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Multiparous cows had lower Shannon diversity, Chao1 richness, and observed amplicon sequence variant (ASV) richness than primiparous cows, but a higher Simpson dominance index (D), consistently indicating lower α-diversity and greater community dominance in multiparous cows. A one-factor permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) based on Bray-Curtis distances indicated that parity-group membership was associated with a modest proportion of the variation in rectal fecal microbial composition (R² = 0.0581, permutation p = 0.004). Using linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe), random forest, and analysis of compositions of microbiomes with bias correction 2 (ANCOM-BC2), 13 candidate genera were identified by at least two analytical approaches. Prevotellaceae_UCG-003 was more abundant in PrC, whereas Turicibacter, Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1, Acetitomaculum, and Lachnospiraceae_NK3A20_group were more abundant in MuC. Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States 2 (PICRUSt2)-based inference indicated group differences in predicted functional potential related to protein synthesis, amino acid and carbohydrate metabolism, bacterial motility, chemotaxis, and signal transduction; these results represent predicted rather than directly measured microbial functions. Whole-blood RNA sequencing identified 189 differentially expressed genes in the comparison between MuC and PrC, including 116 genes with higher transcript abundance in MuC and 73 with higher transcript abundance in PrC. Overall KEGG analysis of the complete DEG set identified 38 significantly enriched pathways, many of which were related to immune and inflammatory processes. Direction-stratified KEGG analysis further indicated that broad significant immune-related enrichment was mainly associated with genes showing higher transcript abundance in PrC cows, whereas only one KEGG term remained significantly enriched among the MuC-higher genes after Be","PeriodicalId":9233,"journal":{"name":"BMC Microbiology","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149227345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multidrug resistance, biofilm formation, and pathotype diversity of Escherichia coli isolated from diarrheic lambs in intensive sheep farms, Aksu, Xinjiang, China.","authors":"Longxing Shi, Weiqian Tian, Mengjiao Xu, Linjin Yu, Xin Chen, Qinglu Cai, Duo Xu, Bo Liu, Baoqin Long, Haoran Chen, Haolai Qin, Yahui Han, Haerleha Amantai, Jingxin Gu, Mingxuan Tang, Aisha Zharmukhametova, Jia Chen, Youwen Li","doi":"10.1186/s12866-026-05358-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12866-026-05358-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Under the One Health framework, the antimicrobial resistance and pathogenicity of Escherichia coli isolated from diarrheic lambs pose a potential threat to public health security. Aksu in Xinjiang is a major intensive mutton sheep breeding base in China. This study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial resistance, virulence gene carriage, biofilm-forming ability, pathotype distribution and phylogenetic group characteristics of E. coli from diarrheic lambs in this region, and analyze their potential correlations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 150 samples were collected from diarrheic lambs in 6 intensive mutton sheep farms. E. coli was isolated and identified via differential media and specific gene detection; the disk diffusion method was used for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. PCR was performed to detect resistance and virulence gene carriage, and E. coli pathotypes were determined based on molecular characteristics. Mouse challenge assay was adopted to evaluate bacterial pathogenicity, crystal violet staining to assess biofilm-forming ability, and PCR to conduct phylogenetic group typing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 121 E. coli strains were isolated with an isolation rate of 80.7%, including 38.0% multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains and 49.6% pathogenic strains (5 single pathotypes and 7 hybrid pathotypes). Mouse models showed all tested pathogenic strains had pathogenicity. Phylogenetic group analysis showed that group B1 was the predominant phylogroup (76.0%). Moreover, 78.6% of the strains had biofilm-forming ability, and MDR strains exhibited significantly higher biofilm-forming ability than non-MDR strains. The isolated strains harbored abundant resistance and virulence genes, with 13 different types of resistance genes and 18 virulence genes with distinct functions detected in total.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This is the first systematic report on the diversity characteristics of pathogenic E. coli from diarrheic lambs in intensive sheep farms in Aksu, clarifying the phylogenetic and antimicrobial resistance characteristics of the strains and revealing a significant association between biofilm formation and bacterial resistance. These findings provide a basis for the coordinated management of cross-domain public health risks in underdeveloped regions under the One Health framework, and contribute to the sustainable development of the mutton sheep industry and the safeguard of public health security.</p>","PeriodicalId":9233,"journal":{"name":"BMC Microbiology","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13591691/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149011940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In vitro and in vivo antibacterial activity of pravibismane against Mycobacteroides abscessus.","authors":"Amy Leestemaker-Palmer, Bailey Keefe, Luiz E Bermudez, Brett H J Baker","doi":"10.1186/s12866-026-05446-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12866-026-05446-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The increasing prevalence of non-tuberculous mycobacterial lung infection represents a global challenge. Infections caused by Mycobacteroides abscessus commonly occur in individuals with underlying predisposing lung diseases such as cystic fibrosis (CF), non-CF-bronchiectasis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and tuberculosis (TB). The unmet need in the treatment of M. abscessus pulmonary infection is driven by multidrug-resistance, ability to form biofilms, lengthy treatment, and drug-related side effects. Pravibismane was evaluated for its potential to reduce M. abscessus burden in vitro and in vivo. Pravibismane exhibited significantly lower (16- to 32-fold) minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) compared to amikacin. Treatment of THP-1 M. abscessus-infected macrophages with pravibismane led to a rapid reduction in intracellular M. abscessus while maintaining the viability of the THP-1 macrophages. Pravibismane demonstrated to be well-tolerated and efficacious in a chronic mouse M. abscessus lung infection model in which 28-day treatment with inhaled pravibismane substantially reduced the burden of M. abscessus in murine lung tissues. Overall, pravibismane exhibited promising efficacy by reducing intracellular M. abscessus levels in vitro and in a chronic mouse infection model. These preclinical results warrant investigation of pravibismane's ability to treat M. abscessus lung infection in relevant patient populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":9233,"journal":{"name":"BMC Microbiology","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149227292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance patterns of urinary tract infections at the university hospital center in Marrakech Morocco (2020-2024): a retrospective study.","authors":"Zakaria Ellehah, Lahcen Ouahmane, Asmae Lamrani Hanchi, Nabila Soraa","doi":"10.1186/s12866-026-05425-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12866-026-05425-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine the prevalence, epidemiological and microbiological characteristics of urinary tract infections (UTIs), and to assess antimicrobial resistance (AMR) trends at the University Hospital Center Mohammed VI, Marrakech, over a five-year period.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2020 to December 2024. All urine specimens processed at the microbiology laboratory were reviewed. Duplicate isolates were excluded, and only the first positive isolate per patient per infectious episode was retained. Bacterial identification was performed using MALDI-TOF MS, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was carried out using disk diffusion and the BD Phoenix^® automated system. For consistency, AST results were rechecked and interpreted according to a single harmonized CA-SFM/EUCAST 2025 guideline version. Temporal trends in resistance were assessed using beta-regression models, with annual changes expressed as percentage-point variation per year and p-values adjusted using the Benjamini-Hochberg false discovery rate procedure.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 62,788 urine specimens, 8,231 were culture-positive 13.1%. Prevalence rose from 11.5% in 2020 to 14.9% in 2022, then stabilized at 12-13% in 2023-2024. Women accounted for 59.6% of cases, and patients ≥ 60 years were the most affected. Escherichia coli was the leading uropathogens 47.9%, followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae 16.7% and Enterococcus spp. 4.6%. Significant increases in resistance were observed for several clinically important antimicrobials. Amoxicillin-clavulanate resistance increased significantly in both E. coli (+ 6.00% points/year; 95% CI: 2.83-8.82; FDR-p < 0.001) and K. pneumoniae (+ 5.21% points/year; 95% CI: 2.08-8.03; FDR-p = 0.002). Ceftriaxone and piperacillin-tazobactam resistance increased significantly in E. coli, while carbapenem resistance increased significantly in both species. Fluoroquinolone resistance also showed significant upward trends in E. coli and K. pneumoniae. Among aminoglycosides, amikacin resistance increased significantly in both species, whereas gentamicin resistance increased significantly only in E. coli. No significant temporal trend was observed for trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole resistance in either species.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>UTIs remain common, with E. coli and K. pneumoniae showing increasing resistance trends, particularly against β-lactams, fluoroquinolones, carbapenems and aminoglycosides. These findings underscore the importance of ongoing surveillance and support the implementation of antimicrobial stewardship strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":9233,"journal":{"name":"BMC Microbiology","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149223411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lactobacillus plantarum may prevent cholesterol gallstone formation by restoring gallbladder motility through preserving Cajal-like cells in mice.","authors":"Lei Wang, Xiao-Yu Liu, Yi-Jie Sun, Ze-Zhou Yang, Ming-E Wu, Meng-Run Kang, Zhen-Kun Wang, Jia-Wei Yu, Yong Wan, Tao Li, Ying-Min Yao, Yi Lv, Qiang Lu","doi":"10.1186/s12866-026-05453-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12866-026-05453-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Gallstone disease is closely linked to gallbladder dysmotility and gut microbiota dysbiosis; however, the specific role of Lactobacillus depletion in this pathogenesis remains unclear. This study investigated whether lithogenic diet (LD) induced cholesterol gallstone formation is associated with Lactobacillus deficiency and evaluated the potential of Lactobacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) supplementation to mitigate stone formation by restoring gallbladder motility.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>Here, we used a murine cholelithiasis model using C57BL/6 mice fed an HFD to characterize whether gallstone formation in relation to gut microbiota dysbiosis and gallbladder dysmotility. Lactobacillus depletion was identified as a hallmark of gallstone formation, which was concomitant with gallbladder dysmotility. To target this deficit, L. plantarum was administered via daily gavage in an intervention cohort. L. plantarum supplementation significantly inhibited stone formation and improved CCK-induced gallbladder emptying. Histologically, probiotic treatment preserved gallbladder wall architecture and recovered α-SMA and interstitial Cajal-like cells (CLCs) expression levels compared to controls. These findings suggest that Lactobacillus deficiency may contribute to LD-induced cholelithiasis by impairing gallbladder motility, and that L. plantarum supplementation effectively prevents stone formation by restoring the gut microbiota-gallbladder motility axis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>LD-induced gallstone formation is characterized by Lactobacillus depletion and gallbladder dysmotility driven by the loss of smooth muscle integrity and CLCs. Supplementation with L. plantarum effectively prevents gallstone formation likely by restoring impaired gallbladder contractility. These findings highlight Lactobacillus as a promising non-invasive therapeutic strategy to prevent gallstones.</p>","PeriodicalId":9233,"journal":{"name":"BMC Microbiology","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13651109/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149135233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}