BMC Microbiology最新文献

{"title":"Urinary microbiome in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer: impact of sample types and sex differences.","authors":"Chaeeun Kang, Junghoon Lee, Min-Gyung Baek, Nam-Eun Kim, Hwancheol Son, Sangjun Yoo, Hana Yi","doi":"10.1186/s12866-025-04367-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12866-025-04367-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Previous research on urinary microbiomes in bladder cancer patients has yielded inconsistent results, highlighting the need for further investigation. This study aims to analyze microbiome dysbiosis in bladder cancer patients by comparing multiple sample types, incorporating negative controls, and assessing sex-based variations. Fifty patients who required transurethral resection of bladder tumor for treatment were selected. Three types of specimens were collected from each patient: midstream urine, catheterized urine, and normal bladder mucosal tissue. Microbiome was analyzed via 16 S rRNA gene amplificon sequencing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Beta diversity analysis revealed significant differences in microbiome composition between mucosal tissue and urine samples, while no significant variation was observed between midstream and catheterized urine samples. Due to the low biomass of mucosal tissue-characterized by dominance of a few taxa and high variability across extraction kit lots-its susceptibility to contamination compromised reproducibility, leading to a focus on urine samples for further analysis. Midstream urine samples showed significant sex-related microbiome differences, whereas catheterized urine exhibited no such differences, suggesting midstream urine may not be ideal for bladder-specific microbiome studies. Catheterized urine analysis identified Curvibacter, particularly Curvibacter gracilis, as significantly more abundant in bladder cancer patients compared to controls, while overall microbiome composition remained unchanged between the groups. Curvibacter prevalence was not directly correlated with any single clinical marker but increased with bladder cancer severity when patients were classified into high-risk and low-risk groups based on biopsy and clinical criteria.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study highlights the importance of selecting appropriate sample types for bladder microbiome analysis, with catheterized urine emerging as the most reliable option. The findings suggest that Curvibacter may be associated with bladder cancer severity, warranting further investigation into its potential role as a biomarker. Future research should focus on validating these findings in larger cohorts and exploring the mechanistic link between microbiome alterations and bladder cancer progression.</p>","PeriodicalId":9233,"journal":{"name":"BMC Microbiology","volume":"25 1","pages":"623"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12492864/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145211780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic application of biochar and lime modulates rhizosphere microbiome, suppresses pathogens, and enhances disease resistance in sugarcane.","authors":"Shakeel Ahmad, Mengrong Wang, Hongming Zhang, Yaowen Deng, Qingmin Liang, Bing He, Ronghui Wen","doi":"10.1186/s12866-025-04355-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12866-025-04355-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Soil acidification disrupts microbial communities and exacerbates plant disease susceptibility in agriculture. This study demonstrates that combined application of biochar (15 t ha⁻¹) and lime (1.5 t ha⁻¹) in acidic sugarcane fields significantly elevates soil pH (up to 46.7%) and organic carbon (SOC), driving profound restructuring of the rhizosphere microbiome. High-throughput sequencing revealed suppression of potentially pathogenic bacteria (Solirubrobacteraceae, Acidothermus, Gaiella) and fungi (Curvularia, Scytalidium, Myrothecium), alongside qPCR-confirmed reduction in Fusarium abundance. Concurrently, we observed significant enrichment of beneficial taxa including plant-growth-promoting bacteria (Sinomonas, Bacillus, Brevibacillus, Micromonospora, Filomicrobium, OLB13, Arenimonas) and fungi (Trichoderma, Aspergillus, Talaromyces, Penicillium, Taifanglania, Redeckera). FUNGuild analysis confirmed decreased relative abundance of fungal plant pathogen guilds, particularly under the combined treatment. Redundancy analysis identified pH, SOC, and acid phosphatase as key environmental drivers of microbial assembly. These microbiome shifts correlated with enhanced plant defense responses: increased phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and superoxide dismutase activities, reduced malondialdehyde content, and significantly suppressed pokkah boeng disease incidence (82.57% reduction) and severity. Our findings establish that biochar-lime synergy ameliorates soil constraints, functionally modulates the rhizosphere microbiome to suppress pathogens, and systemically enhances plant immunity, providing a sustainable strategy for managing soil-borne diseases in acidified agroecosystems.</p>","PeriodicalId":9233,"journal":{"name":"BMC Microbiology","volume":"25 1","pages":"622"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12492682/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145211828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surveillance and characterization of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacter cloacae complex from China, 2015-2018.","authors":"Kun Ye, Yongqing Zhang, Xuemei Qiu, Liyan Ye, Jiyong Yang, Yanning Ma","doi":"10.1186/s12866-025-04299-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12866-025-04299-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The carbapenem-resistant Enterobacter cloacae (CREC) have become a global health concern. However, our understanding of its epidemiological trends and resistance mechanisms still needs to be improved.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Ninety-one non-repetitive clinical CREC isolates were collected from 12 hospitals across China and identified using MALDI-TOF MS, rMLST, ANI, MASH, and dDDH. Minimal inhibitory concentrations were determined via broth microdilution. Resistance genes and plasmid replicons were identified using ResFinder and PlasmidFinder. Carbonyl cyanide 3-chlorophenylhydrazone suppression test and OmpC and OmpF overexpression test were conducted on 32 non-carbapenemase-producing (NCP) isolates. A phylogenetic tree was constructed with kSNP4 and visualized through iTOL.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 91 CREC isolates, E. hormaechei was predominate (75 isolates), followed by E. kobei (five isolates). Within E. hormaechei, E. hormaechei subsp xiangfangensis was the most widespread subspecies. Sixty isolates produced carbapenemase, with bla_NDM-1 identified in 36 isolates, bla_KPC-2 in six isolates, and bla_NDM-5 in six isolates. Two isolates harbored both bla_NDM-1 and bla_KPC-2. Thirty-two isolates were NCP isolates, primarily due to carbonyl cyanide 3-chlorophenylhydrazone suppression.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Among CREC in China, the bla_NDM-1 was the dominant carbapenemase-coding gene. For NCP isolates, efflux pumps were the main reason for carbapenem resistance, and susceptibility could be restored in an antibiotic-free environment.</p>","PeriodicalId":9233,"journal":{"name":"BMC Microbiology","volume":"25 1","pages":"597"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12492719/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145211847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular characterization of drug-resistance genes and dynamics of multidrug-resistant Salmonella spp. in waterfowl: a pre- and post-antibiotic ban surveillance in Guangdong, China from 2013 to 2023.","authors":"Zhican Yang, Wanjia Li, Bingyu Yu, Minfang Liu, Rongxu Li, Jiacheng Zhong, Wanjun Zhu, Yishan Zhang, Jianhong Chen, Jipei Zhang, Jidang Chen","doi":"10.1186/s12866-025-04345-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12866-025-04345-1","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Multidrug-Resistant Organism (MDRO) refers to bacteria that are Resistant to three or more types of antibiotics in clinical use. The global health threat posed by multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial pathogens and their cross-species transmission necessitates rigorous Surveillance. This urgency is amplified in China where antibiotic growth promoters were widely used in animal husbandry until the 2020 implementation of Announcement No. 194 launched by Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (Announcement 194), banning non-therapeutic antibiotics in feed. This study conducted a decade long investigation on the correlation between antimicrobial resistance (AMR) phenotypes and genetic determinants in 314 Salmonella isolates collected from waterfowl across Guangdong Province, China, utilizing disk diffusion (Kirby-Bauer method) and PCR-based detection of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). The study period covered the antibiotic policy transition in China, specifically encompassing the pre-ban (2013-2019) and post-ban (2020-2023) phases of the nationwide prohibition on growth-promoting antimicrobials in animal feed.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Antimicrobial Susceptibility profiles against 16 agents were determined via Kirby-Bauer testing, while PCR amplification targeted 20 ARGs. Statistical analyses evaluated phenotype-genotype correlations using Pearson`s chi-square test.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Surveillance revealed escalating resistance rates annually. Highest resistance prevalence was observed against β-lactams and amphenicols (92.25%), whereas amikacin exhibited the lowest resistance rate (9.55%). MDR prevalence reached 87.23%, with the AMP-CAZ-GEN-FFC-TET resistance profile predominating (51.6% of isolates). Genetic analysis identified 3 to 16 ARGs per isolate was harboring, with bla&lt;sub&gt;TEM&lt;/sub&gt; demonstrating the highest detection frequency (90.76%). Significant phenotype-genotype correlations (p &lt; 0.05) were observed for 13 genes: bla&lt;sub&gt;CTX-M&lt;/sub&gt;, bla&lt;sub&gt;TEM&lt;/sub&gt;, bla&lt;sub&gt;OXA&lt;/sub&gt;, aacC2, aph(3')-I, aac(3)-IV, aadA1, qnrS, qnrA, clmA, floR, sulII, tetA. Notably, significant declines in resistance to aminoglycosides (e.g., gentamicin from 71.7 to 3.5%) and florfenicol (from 81.1 to 9.6%) were observed after China's 2019 antibiotic ban policy (p &lt; 0.001), underscoring the impact of targeted antimicrobial stewardship in avian husbandry.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;Analysis of 314 waterfowl Salmonella strains revealed severe multidrug resistance (MDR) and diverse resistance genes (DRGs), with 13 DRGs linked to resistance. China's antibiotic ban reduced targeted resistance, but MDR persists alarmingly via acquired DRGs and adaptation. Continued enforcement may lower aminoglycoside/phenicol resistance, but β-lactam resistance will likely endure, worsened by transcontinental bla&lt;sub&gt;CTX-M&lt;/sub&gt; spread. Critically, plasmid co-selection threatens to amplify MDR, demanding genomic surveillanc","PeriodicalId":9233,"journal":{"name":"BMC Microbiology","volume":"25 1","pages":"600"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12492720/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145211755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional and taxonomic profiles of soil microbial communities of tropical legume soils from smallholder farmers' fields in Tzaneen, Limpopo province, South Africa.","authors":"Tiisetso Mpai, Mamonokane Olga Diale, Nemera Shargie, Abe Shegro Gerrano, Prudence Nompumelelo Mtsweni, Francina Lebogang Bopape, Michael Bairu, Ahmed Idris Hassen","doi":"10.1186/s12866-025-04338-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12866-025-04338-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Soil microorganisms play a vital role as the major indicators of soil health in sustainable agricultural farming systems. However, intensive cultivation and unrecommended farmers' soil management practices negatively affect the soil microbial communities, and hence that of the soil health. Here, we investigated the functional and taxonomic diversity of soil microorganisms on six selected smallholder farmers that grow Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea) and dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) in Limpopo Province, South Africa using metagenomics and phenotypic profiles studies. Five soil samples, randomly collected per farm and pooled into a single representative sample were used. Metagenomics raw read quality control, genome assembly and annotation were performed on the KBase platform while the community level physiological profile analysis was done using Biolog Ecoplates™.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results indicated that the soil microbial communities in Chosen Generation farm had higher rates of carbon source utilization. Likewise, it showed greater microbial abundance of varying taxonomy in which Actinobacteria, Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were the predominant phyla while Bacillus, Streptomyces, Microvirga and Bradyrhizobium were the most represented genera.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study reports that soils from the six farms studied are enriched with genetically and physiologically diverse microorganisms that are responsible for crop growth. While soil physico-chemical properties can be associated with microbial diversity in this study, further studies on farming practices such as fertilizer and irrigation are recommended to further explore their possible effects on soil microbes.</p>","PeriodicalId":9233,"journal":{"name":"BMC Microbiology","volume":"25 1","pages":"601"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12492531/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145211760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phenotypic and safety exploration of indigenous bacterial strains for probiotic applications in aquaculture.","authors":"Philip Rwezawula, Wilson Waiswa Mwanja, Juliet Roshni Mohan Raj, Indrani Karunasagar, Peter Bossier, Daisy Vanrompay","doi":"10.1186/s12866-025-04157-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12866-025-04157-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Quorum-sensing (QS) interference is a promising antivirulence strategy in aquaculture. This study investigated six indigenous bacterial strains for their ability to degrade N-hexanoyl homoserine lactone, a key QS signaling molecule. All strains demonstrated significant QS interference, indicating potential as biocontrol agents. Furthermore, we assessed the key in vitro traits relevant to probiotic application. These included growth rate, pH tolerance and salinity resilience. MYUG presented the fastest growth, followed by KSNUG, PMUG01, LFUG, PMUG02, and HSNUG, representing promising establishment potential within production systems and in fish guts. All strains tolerated pH (3-9) and salinity (1%-4%), supporting their adaptability to aquaculture environments and dynamic GIT conditions. Glycan diversity analysis revealed distinct lectin-glycan interaction profiles, with HSNUG displaying the highest glycan diversity index, potentially enhancing its gut adhesion and colonization capacity. Functional-trait scoring based on these in vitro characteristics ranked the six strains' probiotic suitability as: KSNUG > LFUG > PMUG01 > MYUG > HSNUG > PMUG02. A sporulation assay showed that four Bacillaceae strains (HSNUG, LFUG, PMUG01, and PMUG02) formed spores, an advantageous trait for stability during probiotic feed formulation, storage and administration. Antibiotic susceptibility screening confirmed that PMUG01 and PMUG02 had no concerning patterns, while HSNUG and LFUG exhibited resistance to certain antibiotics, warranting further molecular analysis. Finally, biosafety and gut colonization assays in axenic zebrafish embryos confirmed the in vivo safety and gut colonization potential. Within the spore-forming group, additional trait-based scoring ranked probiotic-suitability as: LFUG > PMUG01 > PMUG02 > HSNUG. Overall, these findings support in vitro-based selection of safe and effective probiotic candidates for sustainable aquaculture.</p>","PeriodicalId":9233,"journal":{"name":"BMC Microbiology","volume":"25 1","pages":"614"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12492942/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145211803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temporal factors and habitats drive the variation of microbial distributions and co-occurrence patterns in the Pearl River Estuary.","authors":"Changyu Zhu, Cuiyi Wang, Jianlin Han, Zijing Quan, Jinghan Zhang, Xuan Lei, Ruixin Zhang, Zhenzhen Yi","doi":"10.1186/s12866-025-04239-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12866-025-04239-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Estuaries are dynamic and complicated aquatic ecosystems, where both abiotic and biotic factors heavily vary across seasons and among habitats. However, the distributions and co-occurrence patterns of microorganisms in estuarine ecosystems are still little known. Here, the microeukaryotic and prokaryotic communities in the Pearl River Estuary (PRE) in southern China across different sampling time and habitat types were investigated using amplicon sequencing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results showed that both the distribution and co-occurrence patterns of microeukaryotes and prokaryotes were driven by sampling time and habitat types. The sampling time showed stronger impact on distribution patterns and co-occurrence patterns of microeukaryotes than those of prokaryotes, whereas habitat types showed stronger influence on prokaryotes than on microeukaryotes. Additionally, the deterministic processes played a more important role in structuring microeukaryotic community structures and networks than those of prokaryotic counterparts in PRE. And the species interactions of prokaryotic communities were more stable than those of microeukaryotic counterparts.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study sheds light on the importance of sampling time and habitat types in maintaining microbial diversities, and showed that prokaryotes and microeukaryotes may have different strategies when responding to the environmental changes in estuarine ecosystems.</p>","PeriodicalId":9233,"journal":{"name":"BMC Microbiology","volume":"25 1","pages":"609"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12492964/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145211822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Streptococcus lishijunsis sp. nov. isolated from feces of Apodemus Chevrieri in western china and its genome function analysis.","authors":"Jian Zhou, Tao Gu, Jingzhu Zhou, Xiaoxiao Zeng, Ying Liu, Fengming Chen, Yong Hu, Shijun Li","doi":"10.1186/s12866-025-04353-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12866-025-04353-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9233,"journal":{"name":"BMC Microbiology","volume":"25 1","pages":"625"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12492651/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145211852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of supplementation of garlic with apple pomace or blackcurrant on the gastrointestinal microbial ecosystem of organic pigs after weaning.","authors":"Kevin Jerez-Bogota, Martin Jensen, Ole Højberg, Nuria Canibe","doi":"10.1186/s12866-025-04247-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12866-025-04247-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Weaning stress compromises piglet immune and digestive development, increasing susceptibility to Escherichia coli (ETEC) infections. We have previously shown that combinations of antibacterial plants alleviate postweaning diarrhea caused by ETEC. Here, we evaluated the effect of feeding garlic combined with either apple pomace or blackcurrant on the gastrointestinal microbial ecosystem of organic weaners three weeks after an ETEC challenge at weaning. The study involved two blocks of 32 pigs (7 weeks; 20 kg BW) per block housed in pairs. The pairs were randomly assigned to four treatments: non-challenged control (NC); ETEC-challenged control (PC); ETEC-challenged fed garlic and apple pomace (3% w/w each; GA); and ETEC-challenged fed garlic and blackcurrant (3% w/w each; GB). One pig per pen was euthanized on days 21-22 after weaning for digesta and mucosa sampling. Digesta was analyzed for bacterial counts (qPCR), microbial profiling (16S rRNA), and metabolites, while jejunal and ileal mucosa were assessed for antioxidant enzyme activity. The treatments did not influence the number of F18 fimbriae's gene, E. coli, Lactobacillus and total bacteria in the gut digesta, nor the jejunal and ileal mucosa expression of OCNL, ZO-1, and NF-κB genes. Compared to NC, PC did not alter the overall gut microbiota composition but increased (P ≤ 0.05) Campylobacter and reduced Roseburia relative abundance. Compared to NC and PC, GA increased (P ≤ 0.05) Weissella relative abundance and reduced lactic acid and cadaverine concentrations in the stomach and jejunum. Both GA and GB increased (P ≤ 0.05) superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities in the small intestinal mucosa. GA and GB increased (P ≤ 0.05) Catenibacterium and Holdemanella in the cecum and colon, with GB additionally increasing (P ≤ 0.05) short-chain fatty acid concentrations. Compared to NC and PC, GA increased (P ≤ 0.05) Faecalibacterium abundance in the cecum. GA and GB increased (P ≤ 0.05) the proportion of butyric acid in the colon. In conclusion, the combination of garlic with either apple pomace or blackcurrant increased the abundance of beneficial gut bacteria, leading to improved hindgut fermentation activity and oxidative status in the small intestine of pigs three weeks after weaning.</p>","PeriodicalId":9233,"journal":{"name":"BMC Microbiology","volume":"25 1","pages":"608"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12492707/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145211583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Moderate altitude exposure induced gut microbiota enterotype shifts impacting host serum metabolome and phenome.","authors":"Yonghui Ma, Dingchen Wang, Xinyi Yu, Yanqun Fan, Zhibo Yang, Xiaoyan Gao, Xiaoran Huang, Jinxiu Meng, Pan Cheng, Xueyan Liu, Zhipeng Liu, Xin Li","doi":"10.1186/s12866-025-04245-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12866-025-04245-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9233,"journal":{"name":"BMC Microbiology","volume":"25 1","pages":"591"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12492595/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145211708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}