Bio-medical materials and engineering最新文献

{"title":"Hyaluronic acid nanoparticle as drug delivery carrier for the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis.","authors":"Chia-Wei Lin, Wen-Pin Hu, Wen-Yu Su","doi":"10.1177/09592989261474686","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09592989261474686","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundAllergic conjunctivitis is an inflammatory disorder of the conjunctiva triggered by allergens. Although topical eye drops are widely used, their efficacy is limited by rapid precorneal clearance and low ocular bioavailability. Hyaluronic acid (HA)-based nanoparticles may prolong ocular residence time and improve drug delivery.ObjectiveThis study aimed to develop and evaluate chitosan- and polyethylenimine (PEI)-cross-linked HA nanoparticles to improve drug encapsulation efficiency and achieve sustained release of diclofenac sodium for allergic conjunctivitis.MethodsHA nanoparticles were prepared by EDC/sulfo-NHS-mediated cross-linking with chitosan or PEI. Nanoparticle properties were characterized by FTIR, ¹H-NMR, DLS, and HRTEM. Encapsulation efficiency, in vitro drug release, and cytocompatibility in SIRC cells were evaluated.ResultsFTIR and ¹H-NMR analyses confirmed successful nanoparticle formation, cross-linking, and drug incorporation. H1P1-01DS exhibited a particle size of approximately 170 nm and a significantly higher encapsulation efficiency (82.0%) than the HA-chitosan formulations. Drug release followed a biphasic profile, with H1P1-01DS achieving approximately 90% cumulative release within 180 min, compared with 68-83% for HA-chitosan formulations. WST-1 assays demonstrated favorable cytocompatibility across all formulations, although cell viability decreased in a dose-dependent manner at higher concentrations.ConclusionThe HA-PEI nanoparticle formulation (H1P1-01DS) demonstrated sustained drug release, high encapsulation efficiency, and favorable biocompatibility, indicating its potential as a long-acting ocular drug delivery system for allergic conjunctivitis.</p>","PeriodicalId":9109,"journal":{"name":"Bio-medical materials and engineering","volume":" ","pages":"241-252"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148705301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a molecularly imprinted electrochemical sensor for the rapid detection of lactate.","authors":"Backiyalakshmi Gnanasekaran, Snekhalatha Umapathy","doi":"10.1177/09592989261464301","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09592989261464301","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundLactate is an important biomarker for monitoring metabolic conditions and is widely used as an indicator in clinical diagnostics. It plays a critical role in the early diagnosis and monitoring of neonatal sepsis, where elevated lactate levels indicate tissue hypoxia and metabolic imbalance. Conventional detection methods often involve enzymatic systems, which may suffer from stability and reproducibility issues.ObjectiveThis study aims to develop a reagent-free, non-enzymatic molecularly imprinted electrochemical sensor for the selective detection of lactate.MethodsA screen-printed electrode (SPE) was modified with reduced graphene oxide (RGO) and gold nanoparticles (AuNP) via electrodeposition. A molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) layer was fabricated through electropolymerization of 3-aminophenylboronic acid (3-APBA) in the presence of lactic acid as the template. The stepwise fabrication, including template removal and rebinding, was characterized using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Sensor performance was evaluated using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV).ResultsThe sensor exhibited a linear response to lactate over the range of 0.05 µM to 6.0 mM, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.361 µM. The MIP sensor demonstrated high selectivity against common interfering species, including glucose, urea, ascorbic acid, and acetic acid, along with good reproducibility and stability.ConclusionThe developed reagent-free, non-enzymatic MIP-based sensor provides a simple and effective platform for selective lactate detection, with potential applicability to clinical monitoring, following further validation on real samples.</p>","PeriodicalId":9109,"journal":{"name":"Bio-medical materials and engineering","volume":" ","pages":"200-214"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148409959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wear behavior and material performance optimization of articular cartilage under cross-shear motion.","authors":"Xiang Li","doi":"10.1177/09592989261471950","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09592989261471950","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundWith population aging and an increase in sports injuries, articular cartilage wear has become increasingly severe, significantly impairing patients' quality of life. Cross-shear motion is a common loading pattern in daily joint activities, yet its effects on cartilage and counterpart materials remain insufficiently investigated.ObjectiveTo investigate the wear behavior and underlying mechanisms of articular cartilage under cross-shear motion, and to compare the wear resistance of different artificial joint materials, so as to propose material optimization strategies suitable for this motion pattern.MethodsFresh bovine knee femoral cartilage was used to simulate the human cartilage environment under various cross-shear conditions and loading regimes. Stepwise loading, microhardness testing, cartilage compression deformation measurements, and surface wettability tests were performed to systematically analyze the tribological characteristics and wear mechanisms of each material. The evaluated materials included CoCrMo, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene, and polyether-ether-ketone (PEEK).ResultsCross-shear motion significantly increased wear in all materials. CoCrMo exhibited the largest increase (ΔK = 230.51 ± 25.67%), while PEEK showed the smallest increase in wear rate (138.37%). No significant linear correlation was found between material hardness and cross-shear wear rate (r = -0.32, p > 0.05). In terms of dynamic wettability, PEEK performed best, with a hysteresis angle 38.46% lower than that of natural cartilage, and its energy dissipation parameters were close to those of natural cartilage, indicating the best cartilage compatibility.ConclusionUnder cross-shear conditions, PEEK demonstrates the best overall wear resistance and biomechanical compatibility, suggesting its potential as a promising material for joint repair. The wear mechanisms revealed in this study provide experimental evidence and reference for performance optimization and clinical selection of artificial joint materials.</p>","PeriodicalId":9109,"journal":{"name":"Bio-medical materials and engineering","volume":" ","pages":"215-228"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148663334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measurement of thermal expansion coefficient of melanin for photoacoustic technology.","authors":"Yang Liu, Zeyang Li, Liushuan Niu, Bin Chen, Dong Li, Qiang Li","doi":"10.1177/09592989261423308","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09592989261423308","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Photoacoustic technology can non-invasively obtain the temperature and pressure of tissues, holding great promise for applications in the laser thermal ablation of pigmented skin diseases. The coefficient of thermal expansion is the primary source of temperature sensitivity in photoacoustic technology. In this paper, a non-contact full-field strain measurement system based on temperature-variable three-dimensional digital image correlation is used to measure the variation of the thermal expansion coefficient of melanin in the retinal pigment epithelium layer of porcine eyes. It is found that the thermal strain of melanin exhibits non-uniformity and nonlinear increase in radial Angle and circular domain. Before the glass-transition temperature (49°C), the average coefficients of thermal expansion for concentric circular regions and different radial directions are 4.14 × 10^-4 K^-1 and 3.82 × 10^-4 K^-1, respectively. Approximating the thermal expansion coefficient of melanin with that of graphite leads to a large error, with a difference of two orders of magnitude.</p>","PeriodicalId":9109,"journal":{"name":"Bio-medical materials and engineering","volume":" ","pages":"169-178"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147343430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of dentin extract without demineralization on migration and angiogenic potential of human umbilical vein endothelial cells.","authors":"Wei Zu, Xiangwen Zhou, Qingsong Jiang","doi":"10.1177/09592989261433382","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09592989261433382","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Bone grafts are commonly employed for the reconstruction of bone defects, and dentin has been reported as a promising bone graft material that supports early graft vascularization. However, clinical applications typically involve a prolonged demineralization process prior to the use of dentin samples.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This <i>in vitro</i> study aimed to evaluate the biological properties of dentin samples without demineralization procedure.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Dentin extract (DE) was obtained by mechanically crushing dentin samples, dissolving and filtering the mixture. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was first performed to identify cytokines released from DE, revealing that TGF-β was notably enriched. Subsequently, cell viability, wound healing, and tube formation assays were conducted to assess the effects of DE on cell proliferation, migration, and angiogenic potential in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The <i>in vitro</i> results demonstrated that DE significantly enhanced HUVEC proliferation, migration, and tube formation capabilities. These effects were markedly attenuated by treatment with the Notch pathway inhibitor DAPT and the tyrosine kinase inhibitor N-Desethyl Sunitinib. RT-qPCR and Western blot analyses further revealed that DAPT and N-Desethyl Sunitinib, downregulated the mRNA and protein expression of markers associated with cell migration and angiogenesis signaling pathways, and these effects were significantly reversed by treatment of DE without demineralization.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In conclusion, this study demonstrates that DE, without demineralization, promotes cell proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis in HUVECs via the Notch and VEGF/VEGFR2 signaling pathways. These findings suggest that dentin, without the need for demineralization, could serve as a viable alternative to conventional bone graft materials, offering a more streamlined process for regenerative surgery.</p>","PeriodicalId":9109,"journal":{"name":"Bio-medical materials and engineering","volume":" ","pages":"179-188"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147509406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrostatic layer-by-layer assembly for fabricating morphology-controlled hydroxyapatite/zirconia composite with enhanced osteogenic performance.","authors":"Satsuki Tanaka, Kosuke Nozaki, Kimihiro Yamashita, Yuki Nakano, Kazuaki Hashimoto, Shiho Otake, Noriyuki Wakabayashi","doi":"10.1177/09592989261419887","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09592989261419887","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundYttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) represents a promising alternative to titanium for dental and orthopedic implants owing to its mechanical strength and esthetics. However, its bioinertness limits osteoconductivity. Although hydroxyapatite (HAp) coatings can enhance osteointegration, uniform deposition of morphology-controlled HAp on YSZ remains challenging to achieve, limiting implant optimization.ObjectivesThis study was aimed at the uniform deposition of morphology-controlled HAp on YSZ using electrostatic layer-by-layer (LBL) assembly to improve biological performance.MethodsPlate-like HAp was hydrothermally synthesized using dodecanedioic acid and surface-modified with poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) and poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate). YSZ discs were similarly charge-modified to enable electrostatic adsorption of HAp. Samples were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and wettability tests. Osteogenic responses were assessed using MC3T3-E1 cells through alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and Alizarin Red S staining.ResultsNegatively charged HAp was uniformly deposited on positively charged YSZ, forming a homogeneous coating. Characterization confirmed successful HAp deposition and improved hydrophilicity. HAp/YSZ composites enhanced osteogenic differentiation, exhibiting higher ALP activity and greater calcium deposition than YSZ.ConclusionLBL-mediated deposition of morphology-controlled HAp enables uniform coating and enhanced osteogenic activity on YSZ, facilitating advances in next-generation bioactive zirconia implants.</p>","PeriodicalId":9109,"journal":{"name":"Bio-medical materials and engineering","volume":" ","pages":"131-143"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146177732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of chitosan-selenium nanoparticle modified brushite cement: A potential strategy for improved clinical performance in bone regeneration.","authors":"Bilal Zaman Babar, Muhammad Adnan Khan, Saad Liaqat, Adnan Khan, Saeed Ur Rahman, Sandleen Feroz, Nawshad Muhammad","doi":"10.1177/09592989261420547","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09592989261420547","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>ObjectiveThe popularity of brushite cement (BrC) in bone regeneration is related to its biocompatibility and favorable resorption properties. Nevertheless, it has poor clinical performance due to quick settling, lack of mechanical strength, and anti-bacterial activity. This paper offered the research on the impact of adding chitosan-selenium nanoparticles (CS-SeNPs) into BrC to improve its mechanical, physical, and biological characteristics.MethodsCS-SeNPs were added to BrC at 1 and 2 wt.% concentration. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to characterize the modified materials. Physical and mechanical properties were evaluated through mass-loss investigations, setting time, and mechanical properties, shear bond strength [SBS], diametral compressive strength [DCS] and biaxial flexural strength [BFS]. The antibacterial activity, and cytocompatibility were also tested.ResultsThe use of CS-SeNPs enhanced BrC crystallinity, mechanical strength and antibacterial activities. SBS, DCS as well as BFS improved considerably with nanoparticles inclusion. The highest mass loss was observed at 1 wt.% CS-SeNP after 48 h and the setting times were longer in comparison with the control. The zone of inhibition and decrease in optical density were seen significant in 1 wt.% group, which indicates superior antibacterial activity. The biocompatibility tests showed moderate cytotoxicity at the higher concentrations.ConclusionThe use of up to 2 wt.% CS-SeNPs increases the structural, mechanical, and antibacterial behavior of brushite cement considerably without deteriorating its fundamental features. This engineered formulations promises to be applied in the regeneration of bones that need a greater mechanical strength and antimicrobial coverage.</p>","PeriodicalId":9109,"journal":{"name":"Bio-medical materials and engineering","volume":" ","pages":"144-156"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146212201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental study on deantigenization and trabecular structure effects on bovine cancellous bone compression.","authors":"Qun-Fang Wei, Jian-Bo Sui, Cheng-Yong Wang","doi":"10.1177/09592989261422866","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09592989261422866","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>De-antigenization treatments in allogeneic bone grafting affect the compressive properties of bone materials, while synthetic 3D-printed scaffolds often overlook trabecular structural influences. This study investigates how de-antigenization impacts the hardness and compressive strength of bovine cancellous bone and explores the relationship between trabecular structural parameters and mechanical properties, aiming to optimize antigen removal while preserving mechanical integrity and guiding synthetic bone design. In this study, the hardness, compressive strength, and elastic modulus of bovine cancellous bone were analyzed after degreasing and deproteinization. Structural parameters (porosity, trabecular anisotropy, fractal dimensions) were obtained via CT scanning, and their effects on compressive properties were evaluated. The study yielded three findings:1. Deproteinization weakened the mechanical properties of bovine cancellous bone more significantly than degreasing. 2. When both deproteinization and degreasing are required, conducting degreasing before deproteinization can reduce the loss of mechanical properties. 3. Compressive strength is positively correlated with trabecular anisotropy and negatively correlated with trabecular thickness. To preserve the compressive strength and hardness of xenograft bone materials, degreasing should be performed before deproteinization during de-antigenization. In the design of 3D-printed bone scaffolds, the compressive strength can be modulated by adjusting the anisotropy of scaffold units. This approach enables personalized scaffold design tailored to the specific needs of individual patients, improving clinical outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":9109,"journal":{"name":"Bio-medical materials and engineering","volume":" ","pages":"157-168"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147509444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Finite element analysis of six distinct fixation devices for vertically oriented femoral neck fractures.","authors":"Yen-Nien Chen, Hsin-Chuan Chen, Chang-Han Chuang, Chih-Wei Chang, Yu-Hsuan Chung","doi":"10.1177/09592989251414222","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09592989251414222","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Vertically oriented femoral neck fractures are a challenge for orthopedic surgeons, and the complication rates are also high. Recently, several innovative devices have been proposed, such as the proximal femoral bionic nail, InterTAN, and medial buttress plate combined with cannulated screws, to increase the stability of fixation. However, the differences among these innovative devices need to be addressed.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to compare the stability of the proximal femoral bionic nail, InterTAN, and medial buttress plate combined with cannulated screws for vertically oriented femoral neck fractures. Additionally, traditional fixation devices-including three parallel cannulated screws, a compression hip screw system, and a proximal femoral nail-were included for comparison, resulting in a total of six distinct devices evaluated in this study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A finite element model of a femoral neck fracture fixed with the six internal fixation devices was created. Furthermore, two different fracture conditions-with and without a 1-mm fracture gap-were considered. The maximum loading during level walking was applied to the model for comparison.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results indicated that the InterTAN has the best ability to maintain the gap and prevent collapse. Under the fracture gap condition, the peak displacement of the femoral head was smaller in the innovative devices compared to the traditional ones. Specifically, the peak displacements were 1.98 mm for the medial buttress plate combined with cannulated screws, 2.12 mm for the proximal femoral bionic nail, and 1.16 mm for the InterTAN system. The von Mises stress in the medial buttress plate was also the highest among the devices, with values of 1000 MPa with the gap and 1477 MPa without the gap.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Based on the present results, the medial buttress plate combined with cannulated screws, proximal femoral bionic nail, and InterTAN are recommended for cases without a fracture gap, while the InterTAN is recommended for cases with a fracture gap to prevent bone shortening.</p>","PeriodicalId":9109,"journal":{"name":"Bio-medical materials and engineering","volume":" ","pages":"93-104"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145997258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The antitumor activity of bismuth lipophilic nanoparticles (BisBAL NPs) on human glioblastoma is higher than temozolomide.","authors":"Gustavo Israel Martinez-Gonzalez, Rene Hernández-Delgadillo, María Del Pilar Ramos-Godinez, Diego Adrian Oliva-Rico, Alejandro López-Saavedra, Marel Quezada-Maldonado, Yesennia Sánchez-Pérez, Claudia María García-Cuellar, Irene Meester, Claudio Cabral-Romero","doi":"10.1177/09592989251414231","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09592989251414231","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common type of brain tumor and it is considered as one of the most aggressive malignancies (1.5 years of survival rate).</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>Determine the antitumor potential of bismuth lipophilic nanoparticles (BisBAL NP) on a human glioblastoma cell-line.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>BisBAL NP were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). BisBAL NP entry and intracellular distribution on U-87 MG cells were observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The effect of BisBAL NP on tumor cells was evaluated by MTT assay (IC₅₀ value), Calcein AM staining, Live/dead assay, apoptosis quantification, and comet assay.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>BisBAL NP-induced cytotoxicity more efficient than temozolomide (TMZ). The IC₅₀ value of BisBAL NP was 12.7 µM. For the first time, direct interaction between BisBAL NP and plasmatic U-87 MG cell membrane was obtained by TEM. Calcein AM assay revealed loss of permeability of tumor cells after 24 h-exposure to 25 µM of BisBAL NP. 25 µM of BisBAL induced 48.5% of apoptosis, while 50 µM of BisBAL induced a higher rate of apoptosis 77.2%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>BisBAL NP inhibited U-87 MG cell growth through membrane attack and loss membrane permeability, apoptosis induction and later promoting genotoxicity among tumor cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":9109,"journal":{"name":"Bio-medical materials and engineering","volume":" ","pages":"105-116"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146141263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}